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Yim, Yonghwan, Jaemoon Sim, and Kyungdoh Kim. "Design and Evaluation of Encoded Haptic Pulses for Smartwatches." Mobile Information Systems 2019 (December 28, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9628582.
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As smartwatches gain popularity in the marketplace, various smartwatch context studies have been conducted. The use of smartwatches can be divided into situations with and without constraint both physically and psychologically. Notably, in constrained situations, if the user wants to check the information received in the smartwatch visually, a high cognitive load is involved. To solve this problem, we propose a method to encode and transmit information from the smartwatch with haptic pulses. First, we determine the informational category of the smartwatch and generate various haptic pulses. Next, we propose and verify a haptic pulse set that can represent the informational category of the smartwatch. Using the proposed haptic pulse set, users can receive smartwatch information in constraint situations. The use of encoded haptic pulses needs to be considered to provide information effectively from the smartwatch to the wearer.
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Bajaj, Ruhi Kiran, Rebecca Mary Meiring, and Fernando Beltran. "Co-Design, Development, and Evaluation of a Health Monitoring Tool Using Smartwatch Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study." Future Internet 15, no. 3 (March 17, 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15030111.
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Computational analysis and integration of smartwatch data with Electronic Medical Records (EMR) present potential uses in preventing, diagnosing, and managing chronic diseases. One of the key requirements for the successful clinical application of smartwatch data is understanding healthcare professional (HCP) perspectives on whether these devices can play a role in preventive care. Gaining insights from the vast amount of smartwatch data is a challenge for HCPs, thus tools are needed to support HCPs when integrating personalized health monitoring devices with EMR. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an application prototype, co-designed with HCPs and employing design science research methodology and diffusion of innovation frameworks to identify the potential for clinical integration. A machine learning algorithm was developed to detect possible health anomalies in smartwatch data, and these were presented visually to HCPs in a web-based platform. HCPs completed a usability questionnaire to evaluate the prototype, and over 60% of HCPs scored positively on usability. This preliminary study tested the proposed research to solve the practical challenges of HCP in interpreting smartwatch data before fully integrating smartwatches into the EMR. The findings provide design directions for future applications that use smartwatch data to improve clinical decision-making and reduce HCP workloads.
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Li, Mengchi, Miranda McPhillips, Sarah Szanton, Jennifer Wenzel, and Junxin Li. "Smartwatch Technology for Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Qualitative Study." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1673.
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Abstract Older adults’ experiences using smartwatch technology for physical activity (PA) have not been well studied. We studied older adults’ acceptance, capacity, and experience using smartwatches for self-monitoring and promoting PA. We conducted individual interviews using semi-structured interview guides with 15 older adults who participated in two studies. The two studies employed smartwatches in combination with personalized exercise training to promote PA and the interventions were 4 and 24 weeks in length. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Two researchers conducted inductive content analysis using NVivo V.12 to identify and categorize codes into major themes. Participants reported high overall acceptance, ease of use (i.e., charging, checking steps, reading the screen), and attractive design of smartwatches. Participants’ positive descriptions of their smartwatch experience included: increased activity awareness (step counts and heart rate), improved exercise accountability, and enhanced motivation (response to prompts). Most participants expressed interest in long-term smartwatch use. While participants expressed enjoyment of smartwatch technology for self-monitoring and PA promotion, some reported decreased motivation over time. Participants’ concerns of smartwatch functionalities included short battery life, inaccurate step-recordings, and touchscreen insensitivity. Some also reported failure to troubleshoot smartwatch syncing/pairing problems with smartphones and daily smartwatch charging issues. Smartwatch Bluetooth connectivity and battery life can be improved to increase usability and acceptability among older adults. Future research should explore the role of smartwatches for older adults’ PA with emphasis on behavior change over time.
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Buelga Suárez, Mauro, Marina Pascual Izco, Jesús García Montalvo, and Gonzalo Luis Alonso Salinas. "Accuracy of Smartwatch Electrocardiographic Recording in the Acute Coronary Syndrome Setting: Rationale and Design of the ACS WATCH II Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2024): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020389.
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Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), with or without ST-segment elevation, is a major contributor to global mortality and morbidity. Swift diagnosis and treatment are vital for mitigating cardiac damage and improving long-term outcomes. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) currently serves as the gold standard for diagnosis in ACS with ST-segment elevation and may support the diagnosis in ACS without ST-segment elevation. However, the growing prevalence of smartwatches enables the acquisition of electrocardiographic data without traditional ECG equipment. While smaller studies support smartwatch ECG use, larger-scale validation within ACS remains lacking. The ACS WATCH II study aims to validate smartwatch ECG recordings for ACS. Methods: The primary objective is to validate smartwatch-obtained electrocardiographic data in patients presenting with ACS. Two cohorts of 120 patients each, presenting ACS with and without ST-segment elevation, will be assessed. Smartwatches will capture recordings of leads I, III, and V2 alongside standard ECGs. These leads, chosen due to a 97% ACS diagnosis sensitivity in previous studies, will undergo blind evaluation by two experienced external assessors against conventional ECG. Additionally, a control sample of 60 healthy individuals will be included. Conclusions: ACS WATCH II pioneers large-scale prospective validation of smartwatch ECG recordings in ACS patients. Additionally, it indirectly validates a swift diagnostic approach using three leads (I, III, and V2). This could expedite time-critical ACS diagnoses and simplify access through smartwatch-based diagnosis.
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Chaudhary, Karan Singh, and Pietro Murano. "The Design and Evaluation of A New Smartwatch User Interface." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 15, no. 13 (July 13, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i13.22701.
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<p class="0abstract">This paper discusses and presents a new prototype design for a smartwatch user interface. The user interface was designed aiming to adhere to some of the main universal design principles and be a more usable design. The prototype user interface was then compared with a Samsung Gear S3 smartwatch user interface. The comparison was done via an experiment and a series of realistic tasks. The aspects being investigated were task times, errors and subjective user satisfaction. The data collected were statistically analysed. The overall results showed that the prototype user interface fostered faster task times, fewer errors and more user satisfaction.</p>
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Wang, Buyun, and Sen Yan. "Design of Smartwatch Integrated Antenna With Polarization Diversity." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 123440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3006076.
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Volsa, Selina, Bernad Batinic, and Stefan Stieger. "Self-Reports in the Field Using Smartwatches: An Open-Source Firmware Solution." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051980.
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In situ self-reports are a useful tool in the social sciences to supplement laboratory experiments. Smartwatches are a promising form factor to realize these methods. However, to date, no user-friendly, general-purpose solution has been available. This article therefore presents a newly developed, free and open-source firmware that facilitates the Experience Sampling Method and other self-report methods on a commercially-available, programmable smartwatch based on the ESP32 microcontroller. In a small-scale pilot study comparing this smartwatch and firmware to an equivalent design on smartphones, participants using the smartwatch showed increased compliance. The presented project demonstrates a useful tool for complementary tools like smartphones for self-reports.
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Fady, Brahim, Abdelwahed Tribak, Jaouad Terhzaz, and Fatima Riouch. "Novel Low-Cost Integrated Multiband Antenna Design Customized for Smartwatch Applications with SAR Evaluation." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (December 15, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8833839.
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This paper presents a novel low-cost integrated multiband antenna design customized for smartwatch applications and wearable devices. The design consists in using a broadband planar patch antenna with circular microstrip lines and a miniaturized feeding-point with a structure of 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3, and it is easy to deploy inside the smartwatch and cost-effective for the wearable device industry. The parametric study and final dimensions of the design and the measured results of the reflection and radiation pattern are discussed. The antenna with maximum gain up to 6.6 dBi and S11 up to −22 dB exhibits excellent performance for all the frequencies required in wearable systems such as 1.9 GHz, 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 2.6 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. We drew a comparison between similar research and this work in terms of antenna performance. Furthermore, we investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna for the smartwatch application, using both human hand wrist multilayer and SAM head mouth models. The SAR results in different positions for all the frequencies are compared to the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) standards.
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Wu, Chia-Hao, Jwo-Shiun Sun, and Bo-Shiun Lu. "Watchstrap-Embedded Four-Element Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Antenna Design for a Smartwatch in 5.2–5.8 GHz Wireless Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1905984.
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This paper presents a compact four-element multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design operating within the WiFi 802.11 ac bands (5.2–5.84 GHz) for a smartwatch. The antenna is fabricated using a polyamide substrate and embedded into the strap of a smartwatch model; the strap is created using three-dimensional etching of plastic materials. The four-element MIMO antenna is formed by four monopole antennas, has a simple structure, and is connected to the system ground plane of the smartwatch. Due to the stub and notched block between two antennas and the slit in the system ground, the four-element MIMO antenna exhibits favorable isolation. Moreover, the envelope correlation coefficient of the antennas is considerably lower than 0.005 in the operating band. The measured −6 dB impedance bandwidths of the four elements of the antenna (Ant1–Ant4) with the human wrist encompass the WiFi 802.11 ac range of 5.2–5.84 GHz; moreover, an isolation of more than 20 dB is achieved. The measured antenna efficiency with and without a phantom hand are 45%–55% and 93%–97%, respectively.
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Hafiz, Pegah, and Jakob Eyvind Bardram. "The Ubiquitous Cognitive Assessment Tool for Smartwatches: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): e17506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17506.
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Background Cognitive functioning plays a significant role in individuals’ mental health, since fluctuations in memory, attention, and executive functions influence their daily task performance. Existing digital cognitive assessment tools cannot be administered in the wild and their test sets are not brief enough to capture frequent fluctuations throughout the day. The ubiquitous availability of mobile and wearable devices may allow their incorporation into a suitable platform for real-world cognitive assessment. Objective The aims of this study were threefold: (1) to evaluate a smartwatch-based tool for the assessment of cognitive performance, (2) to investigate the usability of this tool, and (3) to understand participants’ perceptions regarding the application of a smartwatch in cognitive assessment. Methods We built the Ubiquitous Cognitive Assessment Tool (UbiCAT) on a smartwatch-based platform. UbiCAT implements three cognitive tests—an Arrow test, a Letter test, and a Color test—adapted from the two-choice reaction-time, N-back, and Stroop tests, respectively. These tests were designed together with domain experts. We evaluated the UbiCAT test measures against standard computer-based tests with 21 healthy adults by applying statistical analyses significant at the 95% level. Usability testing for each UbiCAT app was performed using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) questionnaire. The NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) questionnaire was used to measure cognitive workload during the N-back test. Participants rated perceived discomfort of wearing a smartwatch during the tests using a 7-point Likert scale. Upon finishing the experiment, an interview was conducted with each participant. The interviews were transcribed and semantic analysis was performed to group the findings. Results Pearson correlation analysis between the total correct responses obtained from the UbiCAT and the computer-based tests revealed a significant strong correlation (r=.78, P<.001). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of the N-back difficulty level on the participants' performance measures. The study also demonstrated usability ratings above 4 out of 5 in terms of aesthetics, functionality, and information. Low discomfort (<3 out of 7) was reported by our participants after using the UbiCAT. Seven themes were extracted from the transcripts of the interviews conducted with our participants. Conclusions UbiCAT is a smartwatch-based tool that assesses three key cognitive domains. Usability ratings showed that participants were engaged with the UbiCAT tests and did not feel any discomfort. The majority of the participants were interested in using the UbiCAT, although some preferred computer-based tests, which might be due to the widespread use of personal computers. The UbiCAT can be administered in the wild with mentally ill patients to assess their attention, working memory, and executive function.
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Mardini, Mamoun, Todd Manini, and Jennifer Schrack. "Smart Wearables in the Lens of Aging: Results From the ROAMM Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2894.
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Abstract Continuous, long-term monitoring with remote capabilities using wearable technology is ideal for capturing information about patient/participant symptoms synced to sensor-based information. The Real-time Online Assessment and Mobility Monitor (ROAMM) is a smartwatch framework configured to collect data in free-living settings from both sensor-based (location and movement) and responses to symptom notifications through a visual display. The symposium presents the overall framework and preliminary findings from a demonstration study in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Karnati will present the general framework of ROAMM explaining the data flow from the smartwatch to end users (clinicians and research). He will highlight components in the design that makes the framework unique and highly flexible to serve different studies with different research questions. Rouzaud evaluated satisfaction, usability and compliance wearing a smartwatch and using the ROAMM app. Participants were compliant to ecological prompts about pain, fatigue and mood three times a day (82.5% compliance rate). Additionally, > 70% reported being satisfied with the function/usability and comfort with using ROAMM and wearing the smartwatch. Mardini examined the temporal relationship between ecological pain and derived life-space mobility features from Global Positioning System coordinates. Results suggested that higher level of knee pain in older adults was associated with lower life-space mobility. Manini examined physician perception towards an electronic health record (EHR) graphical interface of top ranked patient attributes of pain, falls, hydration and mobility patterns. Results indicated a relatively high level of usability of the EHR interface depicting smartwatch data.
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Perebner, Martin, Haosheng Huang, and Georg Gartner. "Applying user-centred design for smartwatch-based pedestrian navigation system." Journal of Location Based Services 13, no. 3 (May 17, 2019): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2019.1610582.
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Lin, Zidong, Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen, Ashley Hall, and Bjorn Sommer. "USING PLEASURABILITY TO COMPARE WRISTWATCHES AND IOT SMARTWATCHES: PROVIDING NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO UX DESIGN." Proceedings of the Design Society 3 (June 19, 2023): 3761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.377.
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AbstractThe emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought more challenges for designers to fully understand networked objects and develop pleasurable user experiences (UXs). Due to the radical change of products when they are connected, traditional experience design theories may not be applicable in this new context. Based on two well-established UX design theories, this paper presents a survey study that investigated the pleasurability of IoT devices by comparing a representative IoT device (i.e., the smartwatch) and its conventional form (i.e., the wristwatch). An online questionnaire was deployed to gather feedback from parallel wristwatch and smartwatch users. Their experiences using both types of watches were quantitatively and qualitatively compared by data analysis. The results highlighted the differences in UXs between smartwatches and wristwatches in three types of pleasure and five psychological needs. The study revealed design opportunities to improve the pleasurability of smartwatches and provides novel design insights informing the development of pleasurable UXs for future IoT devices.
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Zhang, Qian, Dong Wang, Run Zhao, Yinggang Yu, and JiaZhen Jing. "Write, Attend and Spell." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478100.
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Text entry on a smartwatch is challenging due to its small form factor. Handwriting recognition using the built-in sensors of the watch (motion sensors, microphones, etc.) provides an efficient and natural solution to deal with this issue. However, prior works mainly focus on individual letter recognition rather than word recognition. Therefore, they need users to pause between adjacent letters for segmentation, which is counter-intuitive and significantly decreases the input speed. In this paper, we present 'Write, Attend and Spell' (WriteAS), a word-level text-entry system which enables free-style handwriting recognition using the motion signals of the smartwatch. First, we design a multimodal convolutional neural network (CNN) to abstract motion features across modalities. After that, a stacked dilated convolutional network with an encoder-decoder network is applied to get around letter segmentation and output words in an end-to-end way. More importantly, we leverage a multi-task sequence learning method to enable handwriting recognition in a streaming way. We construct the first sequence-to-sequence handwriting dataset using smartwatch. WriteAS can yield 9.3% character error rate (CER) on 250 words for new users and 3.8% CER for words unseen in the training set. In addition, WriteAS can handle various writing conditions very well. Given the promising performance, we envision that WriteAS can be a fast and accurate input tool for smartwatch.
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Scott, Courtney G., Trina M. Becker, and Kenneth O. Simpson. "The Effect of Real-Time Feedback Using a Smartwatch on the Clinical Behavior of Novice Student Clinicians." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 11 (January 2017): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig11.79.
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The use of computer monitors to provide technology-based written feedback during clinical sessions, referred to as “bug-in-the-eye” (BITi) feedback, recently emerged in the literature with preliminary evidence to support its effectiveness (Carmel, Villatte, Rosenthal, Chalker & Comtois, 2015; Weck et al., 2016). This investigation employed a single-subject, sequential A-B design with two participants to observe the effects of implementing BITi feedback using a smartwatch on the clinical behavior of student clinicians (SCs). Baseline and treatment data on the stimulus-response-consequence (S-R-C) contingency completion rates of SCs were collected using 10 minute segments of recorded therapy sessions. All participants were students enrolled in a clinical practicum experience in a communication disorders and sciences (CDS) program. A celeration line, descriptive statistics, and stability band were used to analyze the data by slope, trend, and variability. Results demonstrated a significant correlative relationship between BITi feedback with a smartwatch and an increase in positive clinical behaviors. Based on qualitative interviews and exit rating scales, SCs reported BITi feedback was noninvasive and minimally distracting. Preliminary evidence suggests BITi feedback with a smartwatch may be an effective tool for providing real-time clinical feedback.
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Chen, Xianda, Yifei Xiao, Yeming Tang, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza, and Guohong Cao. "ApneaDetector." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3463514.
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Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which breathing is briefly and repeatedly interrupted. Polysomnography (PSG) is the standard clinical test for diagnosing sleep apnea. However, it is expensive and time-consuming which requires hospital visits, specialized wearable sensors, professional installations, and long waiting lists. To address this problem, we design a smartwatch-based system called ApneaDetector, which exploits the built-in sensors in smartwatches to detect sleep apnea. Through a clinical study, we identify features of sleep apnea captured by smartwatch, which can be leveraged by machine learning techniques for sleep apnea detection. However, there are many technical challenges such as how to extract various special patterns from the noisy and multi-axis sensing data. To address these challenges, we propose signal denoising and data calibration techniques to process the noisy data while preserving the peaks and troughs which reflect the possible apnea events. We identify the characteristics of sleep apnea such as signal spikes which can be captured by smartwatch, and propose methods to extract proper features to train machine learning models for apnea detection. Through extensive experimental evaluations, we demonstrate that our system can detect apnea events with high precision (0.9674), recall (0.9625), and F1-score (0.9649).
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Nguyen, Nga Thi. "Factors affecting the intention of purchasing the smartwatch of Nha Trang Consumers by using extended theory of planned behavior." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 5, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 1187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v5i1.689.
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The main aims of this study is to explore the intention to use smart watches from consumers perspective. The study applied the extended theory of planned behavior by integrating two additional variables including: aesthetic design and perceived price in addition to variables in the original intended behavior theory model, specifically: attitudes towards smartwatch purchases, perceived behavioral control and social norms to explain consumers' intent to buy smartwatches in Nha Trang city. This study adopts partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to test the reliability and validity of the measures based on a sample of 200 consumers in Nha Trang. The results indicate that five proposed hypotheses are supported by data with an increasing degree of impact, which are perceived behavioral control (ß = 0.58), attitudes towards smartwatch purchases (ß = 0.20), aesthetic design (ß = 0.15), perceived price (ß = 0.14) and social norms (ß = 0.11). The research results are expected to make significant contributions both in academic research and practical research through useful and practical recommendations for watch product consumption.
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Tachibana, Koki, Yugo Nakamura, Yuki Matsuda, Hirohiko Suwa, and Keiichi Yasumoto. "ACOGARE: Acoustic-Based Litter Garbage Recognition Utilizing Smartwatch." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 10079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310079.
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Litter has become a social problem. To prevent litter, we consider urban planning, the efficient placement of garbage bins, and interventions with litterers. In order to carry out these actions, we need to comprehensively grasp the types and locations of litter in advance. However, with the existing methods, collecting the types and locations of litter is very costly and has low privacy. In this research, we have proposed the conceptual design to estimate the types and locations of litter using only the sensor data from a smartwatch worn by the user. This system can record the types and locations of litter only when a user raps on the litter and picks it up. Also, we have constructed a sound recognition model to estimate the types of litter by using sound sensor data, and we have carried out experiments. We have confirmed that the model built with other people’s data enabled to estimate the F-measure of 80.2% in a noisy environment through the experiment with 12 participants.
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Hsiao, Kuo-Lun, and Chia-Chen Chen. "What drives smartwatch purchase intention? Perspectives from hardware, software, design, and value." Telematics and Informatics 35, no. 1 (April 2018): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.10.002.
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Krey, Nina, Stephanie Hui-Wen Chuah, T. Ramayah, and Philipp A. Rauschnabel. "How functional and emotional ads drive smartwatch adoption." Internet Research 29, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 578–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-12-2017-0534.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine advertising strategies’ (functional vs emotional) influence on consumers’ evaluation and adoption of smartwatches by drawing on the elaboration likelihood model and the schema incongruity theory. Moderating effects of consumer characteristics (personal innovativeness and extraversion) on the value assessment and attitude relationship are also tested. Design/methodology/approach The model was assessed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling with a sample of 999 non-smartwatch users. Findings Results show that functional ads elicit higher levels of hedonic than functional (usefulness) and ergonomic values (ease of use), whereas emotional ads produce higher levels of functional (usefulness) in comparison to hedonic value (enjoyment). Collectively, functional, ergonomic, hedonic and symbolic values shape consumers’ attitude and their subsequent behavior. In addition, findings demonstrate that extraversion positively moderates the symbolic value–attitude relationship, whereas personal innovativeness negatively moderates the functional value–attitude relationship. Originality/value Smartwatch sales have floundered despite substantial investments in ad campaigns. This study provides novel insights into managing non-users’ value perceptions of smartwatches with the optimal use of ad strategies. Furthermore, it is also one of the first studies to validate the moderating role of extraversion on the symbolic value–attitude link, thus contributing to the emerging literature on wearable technology.
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Feng, Yu-Liang, Yang-Cheng Lin, and Chun-Chin Chen. "The effect of smartwatch head shape on visual imagery perception." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 24, 2023): e0290259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290259.
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Obesity-related diseases have been on the rise, making it important to promote physical activity. Smart sports watches are popular among young people and can play a role in this regard. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different watch head design types on the visual image of smart sports watches. Based on sales data, seven sports smartwatches with sales of over 2000 units were selected from a sample of 50 as representative samples. A factor analysis and questionnaire survey were used to identify four groups of adjectives that describe watch heads: Sporty and Smart, precious and exquisite, distinctive and avant-garde, and trendy and technological. College students evaluated the seven watches using these adjectives, and using triangular fuzzy mathematics theory, the watches were divided into three categories. The results show that the seven watches had significant differences in appearing "Sporty and Smart" and "precious and exquisite", while the visual imagery of "distinctive and avant-garde" and "trendy and technological" had no significant difference. Based on the grouping analysis of the seven samples, it is concluded that: the slim and compact shape without excessive decoration has a sense of sportiness and simplicity; the square shape combined with left and right buttons has a sense of sportiness and fashion; the unique connection between the round shape, the watch strap, and the watch head, as well as the strong mechanical feeling, have a sense of value. To substantiate the validity of our research findings, we devised three novel specimens based on the morphological elements of sports watches and conducted surveys accordingly. Statistical analysis revealed a fundamental coherence between the performance of these specimens in four stylistic domains and the expression of style-forming elements, confirming the reference value of these findings in the stylistic design of sports smartwatches. This study provides designers with references for improving the design and development efficiency of smart sports watches, promoting their sustainable development.
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Rey, Bradley, Kening Zhu, Simon Tangi Perrault, Sandra Bardot, Ali Neshati, and Pourang Irani. "Understanding and Adapting Bezel-to-Bezel Interactions for Circular Smartwatches in Mobile and Encumbered Scenarios." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, MHCI (September 19, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3546736.
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Supporting eyes-free interaction, mobility and encumbrance, while providing a broad set of commands on a smartwatch display is a difficult, yet important, task. Bezel-to-bezel (B2B) gestures are valuable for rapid command invocation during eyes-free operation, however we lack knowledge regarding B2B interactions on circular devices during common usage scenarios. We aim to improve our understanding of the dynamics of B2B interactions in these scenarios by conducting two studies and a third analysis: First, we explore the performance of B2B in a seated position; second, we explore the effect of mobility and encumbrance on the B2B interaction; finally, we improve on the B2B accuracies by calculating features and utilizing machine learning. With the limited interaction capabilities on smartwatches and the importance of the scenario of use, we conclude with applications and design guidelines for improved utilization of B2B that enables effective smartwatch control while in common, mobile and eyes-free scenarios.
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Zhao, Yichao, Bo Wang, Hannaneh Hojaiji, Zhaoqing Wang, Shuyu Lin, Christopher Yeung, Haisong Lin, et al. "A wearable freestanding electrochemical sensing system." Science Advances 6, no. 12 (March 2020): eaaz0007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz0007.
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To render high-fidelity wearable biomarker data, understanding and engineering the information delivery pathway from epidermally retrieved biofluid to a readout unit are critical. By examining the biomarker information delivery pathway and recognizing near-zero strained regions within a microfluidic device, a strain-isolated pathway to preserve biomarker data fidelity is engineered. Accordingly, a generalizable and disposable freestanding electrochemical sensing system (FESS) is devised, which simultaneously facilitates sensing and out-of-plane signal interconnection with the aid of double-sided adhesion. The FESS serves as a foundation to realize a system-level design strategy, addressing the challenges of wearable biosensing, in the presence of motion, and integration with consumer electronics. To this end, a FESS-enabled smartwatch was developed, featuring sweat sampling, electrochemical sensing, and data display/transmission, all within a self-contained wearable platform. The FESS-enabled smartwatch was used to monitor the sweat metabolite profiles of individuals in sedentary and high-intensity exercise settings.
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Bhadrvathi Ghouse, Parveez Shariff, Pallavi R. Mane, Sangeetha Thankappan Sumangala, Vasanth Kumar Puttur, Sameena Pathan, Vikash Kumar Jhunjhunwala, and Tanweer Ali. "A Compact Dual-Band Millimeter Wave Antenna for Smartwatch and IoT Applications with Link Budget Estimation." Sensors 24, no. 1 (December 24, 2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24010103.
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Advancement in smartwatch sensors and connectivity features demands low latency communication with a wide bandwidth. ISM bands below 6 GHz are reaching a threshold. The millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum is the solution for future smartwatch applications. Therefore, a compact dual-band antenna operating at 25.5 and 38 GHz is presented here. The characteristics mode theory (CMT) aids the antenna design process by exciting Mode 1 and 2 as well as Mode 1–3 at their respective bands. In addition, the antenna structure generates two traverse modes, TM10 and TM02, at the lower and higher frequency bands. The antenna measured a bandwidth (BW) of 1.5 (25–26.5 GHz) and 2.5 GHz (37–39.5 GHz) with a maximum gain of 7.4 and 7.3 dBi, respectively. The antenna performance within the watch case (stainless steel) showed a stable |S11| with a gain improvement of 9.9 and 10.9 dBi and a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.063 and 0.0206 W/kg, respectively, at the lower and higher bands. The link budget analysis for various rotation angles of the watch indicated that, for a link margin of 20 dB, the antenna can transmit/receive 1 Gbps of data. However, significant fading was noticed at certain angles due to the shadowing effect caused by the watch case itself. Nonetheless, the antenna has a workable bandwidth, a high gain, and a low SAR, making it suitable for smartwatch and IoT applications.
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Ramezani, Ramin, Minh Cao, Arjun Earthperson, and Arash Naeim. "Developing a Smartwatch-Based Healthcare Application: Notes to Consider." Sensors 23, no. 15 (July 25, 2023): 6652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156652.
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Wearable devices and fitness trackers have gained popularity in healthcare and telemedicine as tools to reduce hospitalization costs, improve personalized health management, and monitor patients in remote areas. Smartwatches, particularly, offer continuous monitoring capabilities through step counting, heart rate tracking, and activity monitoring. However, despite being recognized as an emerging technology, the adoption of smartwatches in patient monitoring systems is still at an early stage, with limited studies delving beyond their feasibility. Developing healthcare applications for smartwatches faces challenges such as short battery life, wearable comfort, patient compliance, termination of non-native applications, user interaction difficulties, small touch screens, personalized sensor configuration, and connectivity with other devices. This paper presents a case study on designing an Android smartwatch application for remote monitoring of geriatric patients. It highlights obstacles encountered during app development and offers insights into design decisions and implementation details. The aim is to assist programmers in developing more efficient healthcare applications for wearable systems.
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Lee, Ji-eun, Jung-eun Ahn, Kyeongsoo Park, Go-eun Choi, and Il-Young Moon. "Design and Implementation of Trackball Based UI for Efficient Text Entry on Smartwatch." Journal of Korea Navigation Institute 19, no. 5 (October 30, 2015): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12673/jant.2015.19.5.452.
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Prafanto, Anton, Edy Budiman, Putut Pamilih Widagdo, Gubtha Mahendra Putra, and Reza Wardhana. "Pendeteksi Kehadiran menggunakan ESP32 untuk Sistem Pengunci Pintu Otomatis." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terapan) 7, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31884/jtt.v7i1.318.
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The design of the detection system in this study using ESP32 module that includes Wi-Fi: 802.11 b / g / n and Bluetooth: v4.2 BR / EDR and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). In general, the automatic door lock system using a fingerprint or RFID card in its implementation, but this study using BLE which is a component of iBeacon which has a function as a result of the fingerprint and RFID card. ESP32 have a duty to control the door lock in order to open and lock the door using relays and solenoid system, in addition to the BLE on ESP32 serves to detect the presence of individuals where Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR) smartwatch or individual gadget is already registered on ESP32. Based on the experimental results, the system can detect a user's presence smartwatch on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), which is determined on the program was uploaded to ESP32. This system can also be developed in the future and applied to a variety of special purposes such as absenteeism, indoor mapping, and smart home.
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Rizkulloh, Adi Rizal, Bramasta Bramasta, and Risky Pratama. "Smartwatch-Based Information System as a Compliance Detector in Traffic." International Journal of Research and Applied Technology 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/injuratech.v3i1.9866.
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The purpose of this study is to design a mobile-based application that serves to provide reminders to vehicle users to create orderly traffic and aims to build an obedient attitude to applicable traffic rules. To support this research, we used a qualitative method. While in the application development process using the Prototype approach. The results of this study indicate that the development of this system can increase compliance in traffic and reduce the number of accidents so that an orderly traffic can be created. The main concept of this system is as a reminder so that drivers are orderly traffic, for example, when a driver commits a violation by driving on the wrong road, he will get a reminder. This information system will later get a warning signal that will be sent to the smartwatch when the user violates traffic, the user will be aware of things that endanger his life or others.
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Ahmad, Muhammad, Mohammed A. Alqarni, Asad Khan, Adil Khan, Sajjad Hussain Chauhdary, Manuel Mazzara, Tariq Umer, and Salvatore Distefano. "Smartwatch-Based Legitimate User Identification for Cloud-Based Secure Services." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (August 14, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5107024.
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Smartphones are ubiquitously integrated into our home and work environment and users frequently use them as the portal to cloud-based secure services. Since smartphones can easily be stolen or coopted, the advent of smartwatches provides an intriguing platform legitimate user identification for applications like online banking and many other cloud-based services. However, to access security-critical online services, it is highly desirable to accurately identifying the legitimate user accessing such services and data whether coming from the cloud or any other source. Such identification must be done in an automatic and non-bypassable way. For such applications, this work proposes a two-fold feasibility study; (1) activity recognition and (2) gait-based legitimate user identification based on individual activity. To achieve the above-said goals, the first aim of this work was to propose a semicontrolled environment system which overcomes the limitations of users’ age, gender, and smartwatch wearing style. The second aim of this work was to investigate the ambulatory activity performed by any user. Thus, this paper proposes a novel system for implicit and continuous legitimate user identification based on their behavioral characteristics by leveraging the sensors already ubiquitously built into smartwatches. The design system gives legitimate user identification using machine learning techniques and multiple sensory data with 98.68% accuracy.
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Bello, Ibrahim Alhaji, Dr Ibrahim Suleiman, Abdulazeez Muhammad Bello, Shahidu Ibrahim, and Esther Haruna Karatu. "A SHORT MESSAGING SYSTEM (SMS) ALERT FOR IDENTIFYING VICTIM LOCATION USING SMARTWATCH TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 13, no. 08 (August 25, 2022): 1084–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2022.08.03.
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The incidence of kidnapping peoples in Nigeria has taken an alarming dimension for reasons not well addressed by successive governments in Nigeria. This unlawful act has increase despite the various legislations prohibiting kidnapping both the international level and at the three tiers levels of government. The law against kidnapping has been passed almost a decade since 2013 by the federal government of Nigeria with some states in the country domesticating law from 2017-2021. The purpose of this paper is to design a software program that uses a smartwatch and is dubbed as blower. It can help the users (victim) to alert the security personnel’s or relatives for help. When the report button on the smartwatch is clicked, the geolocation and the SMS application interface(API) are triggered, and SMS will generate with details of the current coordinates of the device location and sent to a predefined number. This message is sent continuously whenever the location changes. Is an innovative software suite (Web, Mobile, API, and Database) that can be used to help the victim, in curbing kidnapping issues in our society.
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Septian, M. Septian. "Design and Build an Arduino Mega-Based Automatic Lawn Mower." Instal : Jurnal Komputer 14, no. 01 (June 1, 2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54209/jurnalkomputer.v14i01.31.
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Technology is a new breakthrough to create products in the form of goods or services that can make human work easier. With the growing use of technology to facilitate human work, humans continue to innovate in creating new technologies in order to maximize the resources they have and relieve human labor. All slowly can be found and felt in everyday life. Ranging from smart homes (Smart Home), smart cars (Smart Car), smart watches (Smartwatch), electronic learning, to smart machines that can work by themselves and much more. The purpose of this final project is the creation of a lawn mower automatically and connected to a smartphone. The final project method is data collection, design stages, testing tools and systems. The result of the final project is the existence of an automatic lawn mower that is connected to a smartphone designed using a mega 2560 microcontroller
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Hsiao, Kuo-Lun. "What drives smartwatch adoption intention? Comparing Apple and non-Apple watches." Library Hi Tech 35, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-09-2016-0105.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold. First, an integrated model will be developed based on task-technology fit, innovation diffusion theory and the new product adoption model in order to explore the factors that affect smartwatch adoption. Second, the differences in the factors that affect users’ intention to adopt the Apple Watch and other smartwatches will be examined. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were collected via an online survey questionnaire. The responses of 341 potential adopters of smartwatches were used to test the hypotheses in the research model. The casual model was assessed using partial least squares techniques. Findings The model can account for more than 50 percent of the variance in adoption intention. The research results affirm prior findings that perceived product attributes have relatively strong influence on adoption intention. Among these attributes, relative advantage has the strongest effect. Moreover, this study revealed differences between the antecedents of Apple watches and those of non-Apple watches. Practical implications The insights provided by this study can help smartwatch providers formulate better growth strategies. The findings also provide some directions for further development. Originality/value This study provides a better understanding of how the factors in the theories influence the adoption intentions of Apple watches and non-Apple watches.
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Butler, Sonia, Dean Sculley, Derek Santos, Xavier Girones, Davinder Singh-Grewal, and Andrea Coda. "Using Digital Health Technologies to Monitor Pain, Medication Adherence and Physical Activity in Young People with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Feasibility Study." Healthcare 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2024): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12030392.
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can be influenced by pain, medication adherence, and physical activity. A new digital health intervention, InteractiveClinics, aims to monitor these modifiable risk factors. Twelve children, aged 10 to 18 years, received daily notifications on a smartwatch to record their pain levels and take their medications, using a customised mobile app synchronised to a secure web-based platform. Daily physical activity levels were automatically recorded by wearing a smartwatch. Using a quantitative descriptive research design, feasibility and user adoption were evaluated. The web-based data revealed the following: Pain: mean app usage: 68% (SD 30, range: 28.6% to 100%); pain score: 2.9 out of 10 (SD 1.8, range: 0.3 to 6.2 out of 10). Medication adherence: mean app usage: 20.7% (SD, range: 0% to 71.4%), recording 39% (71/182) of the expected daily and 37.5% (3/8) of the weekly medications. Pro-re-nata (PRN) medication monitoring: 33.3% (4/12), one to six additional medications (mean 3.5, SD 2.4) for 2–6 days. Physical activity: watch wearing behaviour: 69.7% (439/630), recording low levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (mean: 11.8, SD: 13.5 min, range: 0–47 min). To conclude, remote monitoring of real-time data is feasible. However, further research is needed to increase adoption rates among children.
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Bedjo Utomo, Syaifudin Syaifudin, Endang Dian Setioningsih, Torib Hamzah, and Parameswaran Parameswaran. "Oximeter and BPM on Smartwatch Device Using Mit-App Android with Abnormality Alarm." Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 3, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v3i2.4.
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Monitoring is an activity that is carried out continuously. Healthy condition is a parameter that is needed in life, one of the important parameters is the measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood and heart rate. The purpose of this research is to develop a Smartwatch SpO2 device and BPM sensor that is connected to WIFI using the Android Platform instead of using an LCD for parameter reading. This module design method uses the MAX30100 sensor to display the SpO2 and BPM values displayed on the OLED. Data processing is carried out using ATMEGA 328P programming and then displayed in the Android-based Mit-app application. The results show the average error for the SPO2 value is 0.868 % and the standard deviation is 0.170 %, while the BPM value has an average error of 0.56 % and a standard deviation of 0.30%. From the results of the comparison data analysis, the largest error was 1.03% and the smallest was 0.62% for Spo2 ml/hour with an accuracy of 0.05 (0.57%) with a precision value of 0.08 at the selection speed of 50 ml/hour. From the results above, it can be concluded that the data can be displayed on OLED using the Mit-app Android application with an error rate accuracy of 0.57%. From the results of this research design, it is hoped that it can facilitate the diagnosis of the condition of patients and health nurses
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McFarlane, Daniel C., Alexa K. Doig, James A. Agutter, Jonathan L. Mercurio, Ranjeev Mittu, Lara M. Brewer, and Noah D. Syroid. "Defeating information overload in health surveillance using a metacognitive aid innovation from military combat systems." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 14, no. 4 (September 9, 2016): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512916667246.
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Modern sensors for health surveillance generate high volumes and rates of data that currently overwhelm operational decision-makers. These data are collected with the intention of enabling front-line clinicians to make effective clinical judgments. Ironically, prior human–systems integration (HSI) studies show that the flood of data degrades rather than aids decision-making performance. Health surveillance operations can focus on aggregate changes to population health or on the status of individual people. In the case of clinical monitoring, medical device alarms currently create an information overload situation for front-line clinical workers, such as hospital nurses. Consequently, alarms are often missed or ignored, and an impending patient adverse event may not be recognized in time to prevent crisis. One innovation used to improve decision making in areas of data-rich environments is the Human Alerting and Interruption Logistics (HAIL) technology, which was originally sponsored by the US Office of Naval Research. HAIL delivers metacognitive HSI services that empower end-users to quickly triage interruptions and dynamically manage their multitasking. HAIL informed our development of an experimental prototype that provides a set of context-enabled alarm notification services (without automated alarm filtering) to support users’ metacognition for information triage. This application is called HAIL Clinical Alarm Triage (HAIL-CAT) and was designed and implemented on a smartwatch to support the mobile multitasking of hospital nurses. An empirical study was conducted in a 20-bed virtual hospital with high-fidelity patient simulators. Four teams of four registered nurses (16 in total) participated in a 180-minute simulated patient care scenario. Each nurse was assigned responsibility to care for five simulated patients and high rates of simulated health surveillance data were available from patient monitors, infusion pumps, and a call light system. Thirty alarms per nurse were generated in each 90-minute segment of the data collection sessions, only three of which were clinically important alarms. The within-subjects experimental design included a treatment condition where the nurses used HAIL-CAT on a smartwatch to triage and manage alarms and a control condition without the smartwatch. The results show that, when using the smartwatch, nurses responded three times faster to clinically important and actionable alarms. An analysis of nurse performance also shows no negative effects on their other duties. Subjective results show favorable opinions about utility, usability, training requirement, and adoptability. These positive findings suggest the potential for the HAIL HSI system to be transferrable to the domain of health surveillance to achieve the currently unrealized potential utility of high-volume data.
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PEKTAŞ, Ömer, Murat KÖSEOĞLU, Miroslav MUZNY, Gunnar HARTVİGSEN, and Eirik ÅRSAND. "Design of an Android Wear Smartwatch Application as a Wearable Interface to the Diabetes Diary Application." Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21541/apjes.660490.
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Schalk, Marco, Ines Schalk, Thomas Bauernhansl, Jörg Siegert, and Urs Schneider. "Investigation of Possible Effects of Wearing Exoskeletons during Welding on Heart Rate." Physiologia 2, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physiologia2030009.
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This study aims to investigate the possible effects of wearing exoskeletons during welding on heart rate. Additionally, the validity of a measuring instrument for determining acute heart rate is to be assessed. N = 15 young healthy subjects with welding experience took part in the study. The study design defines a one-hour workflow that abstracts welding and grinding tasks. The sequence is based on the internationally recognized standard DIN EN ISO 9606-1 and reproduces authentic work sequences in constrained body positions. Each subject completed the workflow once with and once without an exoskeleton. Recorded measures were the heart rates measured by a wrist-worn smartwatch and by Impedance Cardiography (ICG). The average heart rate shows no statistically significant differences in the measurement series with and without exoskeletons. The temporal variation of the heart rate shows a statistically significant influence of wearing exoskeletons and provides a moderate to strong effect, corresponding to a Cohens d of d = 0.78. Only 28.57% of all data series obtained with a smartwatch were equivalent to ICG-data after analysis with t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and orthogonal regression. Using averaged heart rates to assess exoskeleton effects is not a suitable measure. A trend analysis using linear regression shows moderate to strong statistically significant effects in the time course of heart rates and provides an approach to evaluate exoskeleton-induced effects.
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Hidayaturrohman, Qisthi Alhazmi, M. Arifudin Lukmana, and Akhmad Nidhomuz Zaman. "Design of human heartbeat monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 22, no. 2 (December 5, 2023): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v22i2.354.
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The IoT technology plays an important role in Industry 4.0 revolution. The IoT technology has potential to be implemented in the medical industry, especially for the development of telemedicine system. IoT able to send the medical sensor data wirelessly to the nearest medical facility like hospital. In this research, the author designed the heart beat monitoring system by using 802.11 communication protocol and simple web interface. The pulse sensor that used in this research was able to read the pulse rate of the human and convert it to BPM (beat per minute). It has 98.89% accuracy and 1.11% error compared to the smartwatch result. In the other hand, ESP-32 also implemented as the microcontroller as well as the sensor node of the system. It was able to send the data wirelessly from sensor node to the coordinator node. The coordinator node was also able to fetch the sensor data into the database using POST and GET method and then visualize the sensor data over web interface so the other users are able to see the visualization of the sensor data.
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Balasenthilkumaran, Nirmala Vasan, Hrishika Sharma, Shailly Vaidya, Siddharth Gorti, and Sivakumar Rajagopal. "Design of a Low-Cost IoT-Based Smart-Watch to Aid Alzheimer’s Patients and Caretakers." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 1101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.1101ecst.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative condition marked by increasing memory problems as well as psychological/behavioral abnormalities that eventually result into dementia. Currently, there is no available potent treatment for Alzheimer's illness as many treatment methodologies are still in the experimental stage. Hence, it is imperative to develop rehabilitative technologies that will help manage symptoms and enhance the quality of lives of patients. Due to a lack of available caretakers and due to the extensive costs of hiring them, some families are not able to afford caretakers and are forced to act as caretakers themselves and carry out their jobs at the same time. In this paper, we present a low-cost smartwatch to help patients enhance quality of their lives, help rehabilitation, and help out caretakers by providing regular information about the patient. The tasks performed by the proposed device includes monitoring and reminding patients of daily activities.
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Wong, Stephanie, Samarth Singhal, and Carman Neustaedter. "The Study and Design of Collaboration Tools for Flight Attendants." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 10, no. 2 (April 2018): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2018040102.
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Collaboration is a core component of work activities amongst flight attendants. This is as they work to promote onboard safety and deliver a high level of customer service. Yet we know little of how flight attendants collaborate and how we can best design technology to support this collaboration. Through an interview study with flight attendants, the authors explored their collaborative practices and processes and how technology aided such practices. While technologies like interphones and flight attendant call buttons act as collaboration tools, they identified instances where the usability and functionality of these devices were barriers for maintaining efficient communication, situation awareness, and information exchange. The authors used these results to identify design suggestions for technology that can enhance communication and collaboration in aircraft settings amongst flight attendants. To illustrate these design suggestions, they designed and developed Smart Crew, a smartwatch application that allows flight attendants to maintain an awareness of each other and communicate through messaging with haptic feedback. Smart Crew is designed with an emphasis on real time information access, location updates and direct communication between flight attendants regardless of their location on the airplane.
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Lee, Youngro, Jongmo Seo, and Haeyoung Lee. "FEASIBILITY OF WATCH-TYPE CUFF-LESS BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT DEVICE IN DAILY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING." Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (May 2024): e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001019392.63717.ef.
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Objective: Cuff-less blood pressure (BP) measurement devices integrated into smartwatches have gained prominence for daily monitoring, yet limited studies provide the analysis of real-world BP data collected by such devices. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of photoplethysmographic BP measuring smartwatch by analyzing data collected in real-world. Design and method: The campaign, “Smartwatch Blood Pressure Monitoring Challenge with Korean Hypertension Society”, was held in June 1-14, 2023 and 896 participants reported 35592 BP values measured by smartwatch (Samsung Galaxy Watch 6, approved in Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). Participants were instructed to measure BP daily, in the morning (5AM-8AM) and evening (6PM-9PM) for two weeks, with initial calibration and re-calibration after the first week. We evaluated 1) BP difference between before and after re-calibration, and 2) difference in morning and evening BP. We also evaluated the determining factors of the BP differences. Results: Morning and evening BP values showed significant difference, higher in the evening by 1.42±5.25 mmHg (p<0.05). However, the diurnal variation was much smaller than reported in other studies using conventional BP monitoring devices. ANOVA identified significant variables for evening-morning differences, including basal metabolic rate, skeletal muscle mass, total body water, average systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and heart rate in the morning (p < 0.01 in both ITT and PP). Participants who have evening-morning difference higher than the third quartile, where evening SBP was significantly higher than morning SBP, exhibited smaller variable sizes. Turkey’s Honest Significant Difference showed that this relationship is statistically significant between Q1-Q4 and Q2-Q4 in all variables. The calibration stability was assessed by the difference in average BP before and after calibration, resulting in an SBP difference of 4.64±4.73 mmHg and DBP of 3.66±3.62 mmHg, smaller than a 2021 campaign (6.8±5.6mmHg). When the difference of average was measured between same period of time (morning versus morning and evening versus evening), SBP of 5.39±5.22 mmHg and DBP of 4.3±3.99 mmHg. Conclusions: In conclusion, watch-based devices may not detect clinical-level BP variability, but refining calibration protocols offers improvement potential.
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Paay, Jeni, Jesper Kjeldskov, Ivan Aaen, and Mette Bank. "User-centred iterative design of a smartwatch system supporting spontaneous reminiscence therapy for people living with dementia." Health Informatics Journal 28, no. 2 (January 2022): 146045822211060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221106002.
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Reminiscence therapy is beneficial for improving the quality of life for older adults living with dementia. However, it is difficult for caregivers in care homes to make this part of their daily practice because remembering a resident’s individual stories is difficult. Proximity-aware technologies can make rapid connections between residents, their histories, and nearby artefacts. Through a user-centred iterative design approach, we designed Memento, a prototype technology system that makes it easy and convenient for caregivers to connect residents with real stories from their past and engage them in meaningful conversations. Memento displays connections between a resident’s stories and their surroundings on a caregiver smartphone. Caregivers can then subtly use this information to start spontaneous reminiscences with residents, as they go about their everyday activities. Remembering their histories was highly enjoyable for residents, giving them a renewed sense of self-confidence and well-being.
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Wen, Dingliang, Yang Hao, Hanyang Wang, and Hai Zhou. "Design of a MIMO Antenna With High Isolation for Smartwatch Applications Using the Theory of Characteristic Modes." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, no. 3 (March 2019): 1437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2884849.
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Manini, Todd, Jordan Alpert, Tonatiuh Mendoza, Satya Prabhakar, Laurence Solberg, and Parisa Rashidi. "Physician Suitability of an EHR Interface for Depicting Ecological Symptoms Derived From a Smartwatch." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2896.
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Abstract Physicians desire an electronic health record (EHR) interface to visualize data from mobile devices in rapid and unobtrusive manner. We developed an EHR interface after performing semi-structured qualitative interviews with 12 physicians. These interviews led to creating an EHR graphical interface that allowed seamless viewing of the top ranked patient attributes of pain, falls, hydration and mobility patterns. Physicians then evaluated the interface using the International Standard ISO 9241, Part 110— a survey to evaluate the design of human computer interactions. The median response for each of domains were as follows: suitability = 18.5 out of 24 (range: 9-24); conformity=34 out of 40 (range: 16-40); self-descriptiveness=25 out of 32 (range: 13-31); controllability=19.5 out of 24 (range: 8-23); error tolerance=5 out of 8 (range: 1-8). The median total score of 111.5 out of 140 (range: 88-128) indicated a relatively high level of usability of the EHR interface depicting smartwatch data.
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Coluzzi, Davide, Massimo W. Rivolta, Alfonso Mastropietro, Simone Porcelli, Marco L. Mauri, Marta T. L. Civiello, Enrico Denna, Giovanna Rizzo, and Roberto Sassi. "Design and Validation of a Minimal Complexity Algorithm for Stair Step Counting." Computers 9, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers9020031.
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Wearable sensors play a significant role for monitoring the functional ability of the elderly and in general, promoting active ageing. One of the relevant variables to be tracked is the number of stair steps (single stair steps) performed daily, which is more challenging than counting flight of stairs and detecting stair climbing. In this study, we proposed a minimal complexity algorithm composed of a hierarchical classifier and a linear model to estimate the number of stair steps performed during everyday activities. The algorithm was calibrated on accelerometer and barometer recordings measured using a sensor platform worn at the wrist from 20 healthy subjects. It was then tested on 10 older people, specifically enrolled for the study. The algorithm was then compared with other three state-of-the-art methods, which used the accelerometer, the barometer or both. The experiments showed the good performance of our algorithm (stair step counting error: 13.8%), comparable with the best state-of-the-art (p > 0.05), but using a lower computational load and model complexity. Finally, the algorithm was successfully implemented in a low-power smartwatch prototype with a memory footprint of about 4 kB.
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Zhang, Qian, Yubin Lan, Kaiyi Guo, and Dong Wang. "Lipwatch: Enabling Silent Speech Recognition on Smartwatches using Acoustic Sensing." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 8, no. 2 (May 13, 2024): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3659614.
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Silent Speech Interfaces (SSI) on mobile devices offer a privacy-friendly alternative to conventional voice input methods. Previous research has primarily focused on smartphones. In this paper, we introduce Lipwatch, a novel system that utilizes acoustic sensing techniques to enable SSI on smartwatches. Lipwatch leverages the inaudible waves emitted by the watch's speaker to capture lip movements and then analyzes the echo to enable SSI. In contrast to acoustic sensing-based SSI on smartphones, our development of Lipwatch takes into full consideration the specific scenarios and requirements associated with smartwatches. Firstly, we elaborate a wake-up-free mechanism, allowing users to interact without the need for a wake-up phrase or button presses. The mechanism utilizes the inertial sensors on the smartwatch to detect gestures, in combination with acoustic signals that detecting lip movements to determine whether SSI should be activated. Secondly, we design a flexible silent speech recognition mechanism that explores limited vocabulary recognition to comprehend a broader range of user commands, even those not present in the training dataset, relieving users from strict adherence to predefined commands. We evaluate Lipwatch on 15 individuals using a set of the 80 most common interaction commands on smartwatches. The system achieves a Word Error Rate (WER) of 13.7% in user-independent test. Even when users utter commands containing words absent in the training set, Lipwatch still demonstrates a remarkable 88.7% top-3 accuracy. We implement a real-time version of Lipwatch on a commercial smartwatch. The user study shows that Lipwatch can be a practical and promising option to enable SSI on smartwatches.
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Park, Kyeong-Beom, and Jae Yeol Lee. "New design and comparative analysis of smartwatch metaphor-based hand gestures for 3D navigation in mobile virtual reality." Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, no. 5 (July 19, 2018): 6211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6403-9.
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Wang, Jian, and Yen Hsu. "The Relationship of Symmetry, Complexity, and Shape in Mobile Interface Aesthetics, from an Emotional Perspective—A Case Study of the Smartwatch." Symmetry 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091403.
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Products with interactive interfaces can be seen everywhere, and product interface design aesthetics is a topic that has begun to receive wide attention. Consumers’ perceptions of product interfaces come from their own emotions, and emotion plays a significant role in product interface design aesthetics. In other words, it must meet the users’ emotional and aesthetic requirements. Therefore, we need to better understand the aesthetic design criteria and how they stimulate specific emotional responses. This study takes the dial interface of smartwatches as its experimental sample and explores how the interaction effects of the screen shape (square and round) and the symmetry type and the complexity type of the interface design influence the users’ emotional arousal and valence. In addition, it analyzes the effects of the symmetry type, the complexity type, and the screen shape on the users’ arousal and valence. The results show that the attributes of interface design aesthetics (symmetry-asymmetry, complexity-simplicity, and square-round) affect the users’ emotional responses. Moreover, the interface shape is one of the important factors in the emotional response to an interface design. This paper, based on previous research, provides vital theoretical support for the relevant literature on interface design aesthetics and the users’ emotional state. In addition, it may provide a reference for designers and developers who wish to develop and implement emotional user interfaces that are designed to more effectively appeal to their emotions.
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Sehirli, Eftal, and Abdullah Alesmaeil. "Detecting Face-Touch Hand Moves Using Smartwatch Inertial Sensors and Convolutional Neural Networks." International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18201/ijisae.2022.275.
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Sarhaddi, Fatemeh, Iman Azimi, Sina Labbaf, Hannakaisa Niela-Vilén, Nikil Dutt, Anna Axelin, Pasi Liljeberg, and Amir M. Rahmani. "Long-Term IoT-Based Maternal Monitoring: System Design and Evaluation." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072281.
Full textAbstract:
Pregnancy is a unique time when many mothers gain awareness of their lifestyle and its impacts on the fetus. High-quality care during pregnancy is needed to identify possible complications early and ensure the mother’s and her unborn baby’s health and well-being. Different studies have thus far proposed maternal health monitoring systems. However, they are designed for a specific health problem or are limited to questionnaires and short-term data collection methods. Moreover, the requirements and challenges have not been evaluated in long-term studies. Maternal health necessitates a comprehensive framework enabling continuous monitoring of pregnant women. In this paper, we present an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based system to provide ubiquitous maternal health monitoring during pregnancy and postpartum. The system consists of various data collectors to track the mother’s condition, including stress, sleep, and physical activity. We carried out the full system implementation and conducted a real human subject study on pregnant women in Southwestern Finland. We then evaluated the system’s feasibility, energy efficiency, and data reliability. Our results show that the implemented system is feasible in terms of system usage during nine months. We also indicate the smartwatch, used in our study, has acceptable energy efficiency in long-term monitoring and is able to collect reliable photoplethysmography data. Finally, we discuss the integration of the presented system with the current healthcare system.