Journal articles on the topic 'Design driven, relational design, network design, co-design'
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Spreen, Marinus, and Stefan Bogaerts. "B-Graph Sampling to Estimate the Size of a Hidden Population." Journal of Official Statistics 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jos-2015-0042.
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Abstract Link-tracing designs are often used to estimate the size of hidden populations by utilizing the relational links between their members. A major problem in studies of hidden populations is the lack of a convenient sampling frame. The most frequently applied design in studies of hidden populations is respondent-driven sampling in which no sampling frame is used. However, in some studies multiple but incomplete sampling frames are available. In this article, we introduce the B-graph design that can be used in such situations. In this design, all available incomplete sampling frames are joined and turned into one sampling frame, from which a random sample is drawn and selected respondents are asked to mention their contacts. By considering the population as a bipartite graph of a two-mode network (those from the sampling frame and those who are not on the frame), the number of respondents who are directly linked to the sampling frame members can be estimated using Chao’s and Zelterman’s estimators for sparse data. The B-graph sampling design is illustrated using the data of a social network study from Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Batra, Dinesh, and Nicole Wishart. "Novice Designer Performance Comparison Between the Entity Relationship Event Network and the Event-Based Logical Relational Design Techniques." Journal of Database Management 25, no. 3 (July 2014): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2014070101.
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Previous information systems (IS) research has established that novice database designers experience cognitive overload when faced with many interacting entities in modeling relationships. The authors contend that this problem occurs mainly when events are involved. Results of an initial study provide support that novice database designers indeed have difficulty recognizing and modeling events. They propose two techniques that can address the difficulties encountered by novices when modeling events using the entity-relationship model. Entity-relationship event network (EREN) is a top-down and template-driven technique. Event-based logical relational design (ELRD) is a bottom-up and heuristic-driven technique. Employing the cognitive load theory (CLT) to guide the hypotheses, the authors compare the usability of EREN and ELRD for novice designers. Results indicate that both techniques facilitate satisfactory designer performance when modeling events. Overall, the ELRD technique leads to better designer performance. There is an interaction effect between technique and task complexity as the significant performance advantage of ELRD at the lower-complexity task gets mitigated at the higher-complexity task. The two techniques do not differ significantly on the constructs of behavioral intention to use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and self-efficacy. Overall, the ELRD technique is recommended for modeling events.
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Junaid Ahmad, Ali. "A mechanisms-driven theory of business incubation." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 20, no. 4 (May 27, 2014): 375–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-11-2012-0133.
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Purpose – Following recommendations by scholars for further research on the business incubation process, the purpose of this paper is to build new theory on incubation using the social mechanisms approach – a well-developed body of theory on social processes. Design/methodology/approach – A critical review of dominant theoretical approaches in the area highlighted that researchers in the past have not studied incubation as a social “process.” In order to study a social process such as incubation, a case is made for the value of social mechanisms theory. In order to study incubation as a social mechanism, an inductive-qualitative research design based on ethnography was used. Data were collected over six months each at two Dublin-Ireland-based business incubators. Findings – Results highlight the significant role of a positive relational bond between the incubator manager and client entrepreneurs. Incubation is triggered in a sophisticated normative environment under the prevalence of ground rules, subtle signals and the interplay of personal histories. These contribute to the incubation mechanism's non-linearity, thereby, making the prediction of outcomes difficult. Originality/value – A contribution of this research comes in the form of a new conceptualization of incubation based in mechanisms reasoning. The mechanisms approach was found to be versatile and helped in extending the work of previous researchers who proposed advancements in the area based on dyadic theory, social capital theory and social network theory. Further, a new, and it is argued, more fruitful direction for incubation process-related research is also highlighted; one which takes on board the often glossed over idiosyncrasies of incubation as a social mechanism for promoting early stage entrepreneurship.
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Esbai, Redouane, Fouad Elotmani, and Fatima Zahra Belkadi. "Toward Automatic Generation of Column-Oriented NoSQL Databases in Big Data Context." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 15, no. 09 (June 14, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i09.10433.
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<span>The growth of application architectures in all areas (e.g. Astrology, Meteorology, E-commerce, social network, etc.) has resulted in an exponential increase in data volumes, now measured in Petabytes. Managing these volumes of data has become a problem that relational databases are no longer able to handle because of the acidity properties. In response to this scaling up, new concepts have emerged such as NoSQL. In this paper, we show how to design and apply transformation rules to migrate from an SQL relational database to a Big Data solution within NoSQL. For this, we use the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and the transformation languages like as MOF 2.0 QVT (Meta-Object Facility 2.0 Query-View-Transformation) and Acceleo which define the meta-models for the development of transformation model. The transformation rules defined in this work can generate, from the class diagram, a CQL code for creation column-oriented NoSQL database.</span>
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Szárnyas, Gábor, Jack Waudby, Benjamin A. Steer, Dávid Szakállas, Altan Birler, Mingxi Wu, Yuchen Zhang, and Peter Boncz. "The LDBC Social Network Benchmark." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 4 (December 2022): 877–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3574245.3574270.
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The Social Network Benchmark's Business Intelligence workload (SNB BI) is a comprehensive graph OLAP benchmark targeting analytical data systems capable of supporting graph workloads. This paper marks the finalization of almost a decade of research in academia and industry via the Linked Data Benchmark Council (LDBC). SNB BI advances the state-of-the art in synthetic and scalable analytical database benchmarks in many aspects. Its base is a sophisticated data generator, implemented on a scalable distributed infrastructure, that produces a social graph with small-world phenomena, whose value properties follow skewed and correlated distributions and where values correlate with structure. This is a temporal graph where all nodes and edges follow lifespan-based rules with temporal skew enabling realistic and consistent temporal inserts and (recursive) deletes. The query workload exploiting this skew and correlation is based on LDBC's "choke point"-driven design methodology and will entice technical and scientific improvements in future (graph) database systems. SNB BI includes the first adoption of "parameter curation" in an analytical benchmark, a technique that ensures stable runtimes of query variants across different parameter values. Two performance metrics characterize peak single-query performance (power) and sustained concurrent query throughput. To demonstrate the portability of the benchmark, we present experimental results on a relational and a graph DBMS. Note that these do not constitute an official LDBC Benchmark Result - only audited results can use this trademarked term.
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Ma, Jun. "The modern transformation of family governance: co-evolve of family authority and family formal institution." Nankai Business Review International 12, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 313–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-07-2020-0036.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the co-evolve relationship between informal relational governance (i.e. family involvement and personal authority) and family formal governance system in the process of growth and transformation. This co-evolve relationship is especially affected by the external institutional environment and market competition power. Thus, in the comprehensive process of deepening the reform and changing market, the modern transformation of family business means that rediscovery of unique superiority of family business and the core of this transformation is the governance of status privileges and private interests. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypotheses, this paper uses the 9th Chinese Private Enterprise Survey in 2010. A total of 4,900 questionnaires are issued, 4,614 are recovered and the total recovery rate is 94.16%. After clean the data, the study obtained 1,239 samples. To overcome the possible existence of heteroscedasticity, this study uses the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) to estimate the model. Besides, as for dummy dependent variables, this study uses logistics regression. Findings This paper makes an empirical test for the evolution of family governance driven by institutional change and organizational growth willingness in the process of growth and transformation, including a co-evolve relationship between family involvement and governance institution. Meanwhile, the empirical analysis comes to the conclusion that the institutional constraint to relational governance improves firm performance, which further promotes the modern transformation of family business governance. Practical implications It is the key to transformation to the modern corporate organization that family business could beyond the intervention of the traditional nepotism, patriarchal authority and family will. The fundamental of this process is to take advantage of formal institutions to manage family power. Originality/value This paper discusses the modern transformation of the formal organization from the perspective of modern ideal dominant type proposed by Max Weber. Modern organization is a hybrid system of the non-personified and personified institution. The primary reason why modern organization suffered erosion and destruction is that informal institution (status and relationship network) were endowed with legal privileges and private interests in modern organization including family business. The governance of privileges and private interests has become the core issue that whether the family business could play an instrumental value and realize modern transformation successfully.
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Yang, Lei, Hong Lin, Chang Han, Hassan Karampour, Haochen Luan, Pingping Han, Hao Xu, and Shuo Zhang. "A Data-Driven Intelligent Prediction Approach for Collision Responses of Honeycomb Reinforced Pipe Pile of the Offshore Platform." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030510.
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The potential collision between the ship and the pipe piles of the jacket structure brings huge risks to the safety of an offshore platform. Due to their high energy-absorbing capacity, honeycomb structures have been widely used as impact protectors in various engineering applications. This paper proposes a data-driven intelligent approach for the prediction of the collision response of honeycomb-reinforced structures under ship collision. In the proposed model, the artificial neural network (ANN) is combined with the dynamic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm to predict the collision responses of honeycomb reinforced pipe piles, including the maximum collision depth (δmax) and maximum absorption energy (Emax). Furthermore, a data-driven evaluation method, known as grey relational analysis (GRA), is proposed to evaluate the collision responses of the honeycomb-reinforced pipe piles of offshore platforms. Results of the case study demonstrate the accuracy of the DPSO-BP-ANN model, with measured mean-square-error (MSE) of 5.06 × 10−4 and 4.35 × 10−3 and R2 of 0.9906 and 0.9963 for δmax and Emax, respectively. It is shown that the GRA method can provide a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of a honeycomb structure under impact loads. The proposed model provides a robust and efficient assessment tool for the safe design of offshore platforms under ship collisions.
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Wang, Chao, Longfeng Zhao, André L. M. Vilela, and Ming K. Lim. "The evolution of Industrial Management & Data Systems over the past 25 years." Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 2–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-11-2018-0506.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine publication characteristics and dynamic evolution of the Industrial Management & Data Systems (IMDS) over the past 25 years from volume 94, issue 1, in 1994 through volume 118, issue 9, in 2018, using a bibliometric analysis, and identify the leading trends that have affected the journal during this time frame. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric approach was used to provide a basic overview of the IMDS, including distribution of publication and citations, articles citing the IMDS, top-cited papers and publication patterns. Then, a complex network analysis was employed to present the most productive, influential and active authors, institutes and countries/regions. In addition, cluster analysis and alluvial diagram were used to analyze author keywords. Findings This study presents the basic bibliometric results for the IMDS and focuses on exploring its performance over the last 25 years. And it reveals the most productive, influential and active authors, institutes and countries/regions in IMDS. Moreover, this study detects the existence of at least five different keywords clusters and discovers how themes have evolved through the intricate citation relationships in IMDS. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is the use of multiple analysis techniques from a complex network paradigm to emphasize the time evolving nature of the co-occurrence networks and to explore the variation of the collaboration networks in the IMDS. For the first time, the evolution of research themes is revealed with a purely data-driven approach.
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Orduña-Malea, Enrique, Emilio Delgado López-Cózar, Jorge Serrano-Cobos, and Nuria Lloret Romero. "Disclosing the network structure of private companies on the web." Online Information Review 39, no. 3 (June 8, 2015): 360–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-11-2014-0282.
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Purpose – It is common for an international company to have different brands, products or services, information for investors, a corporate blog, affiliates, branches in different countries, etc. If all these contents appear as independent additional web domains (AWDs), the company should be represented on the web by all these web domains, since many of these AWDs may acquire remarkable performance that could mask or distort the real web performance of the company, affecting therefore on the understanding of web metrics. The purpose of this paper is to determine the amount, type, web impact and topology of the AWDs in commercial companies in order to get a better understanding on their complete web impact and structure. Design/methodology/approach – The set of companies belonging to the Spanish IBEX-35 stock index has been analysed as testing bench. The authors proceeded to identify and categorise all AWDs belonging to these companies, and to apply both web impact (web presence and visibility) and network metrics. Findings – The results show that AWDs get a high web presence but relatively low web visibility, due to certain opacity or less dissemination of some AWDs favoring its isolation. This is verified by the low network density values obtained, that occur because AWDs are strongly connected with the corporate domain (although asymmetrically), but very weakly linked each other. Research limitations/implications – The categories used to classify the various AWD, although they are clearly distinguishable conceptually, have certain limitations in practice, since they depend on the form adopted by companies to publish certain content or to provide certain services or products. Otherwise, the use of web indicators presents certain problems of accuracy that could be softened if applied with caution and in a relational basis. Originality/value – Although the processes of AWDs creation and categorisation are complex (web policy seems not to be driven by a defined or conscious plan), their influence on the web performance of IBEX 35 companies is meaningful. This research measures the AWDs influence on companies under webometric terms for the first time.
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Vahidy, Farhaan, Stephen L. Jones, Mauricio E. Tano, Juan Carlos Nicolas, Osman A. Khan, Jennifer R. Meeks, Alan P. Pan, et al. "Rapid Response to Drive COVID-19 Research in a Learning Health Care System: Rationale and Design of the Houston Methodist COVID-19 Surveillance and Outcomes Registry (CURATOR)." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): e26773. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26773.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges of meaningful health care digitization. The need for rapid yet validated decision-making requires robust data infrastructure. Organizations with a focus on learning health care (LHC) systems tend to adapt better to rapidly evolving data needs. Few studies have demonstrated a successful implementation of data digitization principles in an LHC context across health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective We share our experience and provide a framework for assembling and organizing multidisciplinary resources, structuring and regulating research needs, and developing a single source of truth (SSoT) for COVID-19 research by applying fundamental principles of health care digitization, in the context of LHC systems across a complex health care organization. Methods Houston Methodist (HM) comprises eight tertiary care hospitals and an expansive primary care network across Greater Houston, Texas. During the early phase of the pandemic, institutional leadership envisioned the need to streamline COVID-19 research and established the retrospective research task force (RRTF). We describe an account of the structure, functioning, and productivity of the RRTF. We further elucidate the technical and structural details of a comprehensive data repository—the HM COVID-19 Surveillance and Outcomes Registry (CURATOR). We particularly highlight how CURATOR conforms to standard health care digitization principles in the LHC context. Results The HM COVID-19 RRTF comprises expertise in epidemiology, health systems, clinical domains, data sciences, information technology, and research regulation. The RRTF initially convened in March 2020 to prioritize and streamline COVID-19 observational research; to date, it has reviewed over 60 protocols and made recommendations to the institutional review board (IRB). The RRTF also established the charter for CURATOR, which in itself was IRB-approved in April 2020. CURATOR is a relational structured query language database that is directly populated with data from electronic health records, via largely automated extract, transform, and load procedures. The CURATOR design enables longitudinal tracking of COVID-19 cases and controls before and after COVID-19 testing. CURATOR has been set up following the SSoT principle and is harmonized across other COVID-19 data sources. CURATOR eliminates data silos by leveraging unique and disparate big data sources for COVID-19 research and provides a platform to capitalize on institutional investment in cloud computing. It currently hosts deeply phenotyped sociodemographic, clinical, and outcomes data of approximately 200,000 individuals tested for COVID-19. It supports more than 30 IRB-approved protocols across several clinical domains and has generated numerous publications from its core and associated data sources. Conclusions A data-driven decision-making strategy is paramount to the success of health care organizations. Investment in cross-disciplinary expertise, health care technology, and leadership commitment are key ingredients to foster an LHC system. Such systems can mitigate the effects of ongoing and future health care catastrophes by providing timely and validated decision support.
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Rincón-Gallardo, Santiago, and Michael Fullan. "Essential features of effective networks in education." Journal of Professional Capital and Community 1, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpcc-09-2015-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advance clarity and precision around effective action in networks, understood as collaboration that: first, deepens the learning and engagement of students and adults; second, enhances the professional capital of teachers and leaders; and third, becomes a positive force of whole system improvement. It distills eight essential features of effective networks by fleshing out key lessons from existing research and from emerging education network developments in the English-speaking world and Latin America. It then discusses three shifts required for a new partnership between networks and central leadership to turn networks into forces of educational system renewal. Design/methodology/approach – Two sources of evidence were identified and reviewed: first, literature reviews and studies aimed at identifying characteristics of effective networks in education; and second, network case studies and R & D initiatives that used networks as their improvement strategy and had demonstrated positive impact on student outcomes or on one or more professional capital variables often associated with improved student outcomes. To distill the eight essential features of effective networks and three required shifts in the relationship between networks and central leadership, the authors engaged in an iterative process of thematic analysis (Boyatzis, 1998) deliberately searching for key characteristics and processes describing effective collaboration. The list was revised for completeness and parsimony. Findings – The eight essential features of effective networks identified are: first, focussing on ambitious student learning outcomes linked to effective pedagogy; second, developing strong relationships of trust and internal accountability; third, continuously improving practice and systems through cycles of collaborative inquiry; fourth, using deliberate leadership and skilled facilitation within flat power structures; fifth, frequently interacting and learning inwards; sixth, connecting outwards to learn from others; seventh, forming new partnership among students, teachers, families, and communities; and eighth, securing adequate resources to sustain the work. The three required shifts in the relationship between networks and central leadership are: first, from supply driven to demand driven; second, from compliance oriented to learning oriented; and third, from bureaucracy to movement. Research limitations/implications – The key limitation derives from the scarce available evidence to date causally – or even co-relationally – connecting network activities with improved student learning. This paper summarizes what is known to date about effective collaboration in networks and advance a theory of action that causally links network activities with improved student outcomes and enhanced professional capital. This theory of action, summarized in eight essential features, simultaneously offers key hypotheses for social network theory in education and actionable guidelines to develop effective networks. Practical implications – The eight essential features of effective networks and the three required shifts in the relationship between networks and central leadership presented here were intentionally framed as action oriented. They offer a clear and actionable set of guidelines to develop effective networks. Social implications – The power of networks as vehicles to dramatically improve schools and entire educational systems is yet to be realized. This paper offers guidelines to enhance the effectiveness of networks, and thus contributes to the realization of the yet unfulfilled promise of networks. Originality/value – This work adds originality and value in three ways: first, it draws from both existing studies on effective networks and successful and promising education networks; second, its findings apply to multiple configurations of networks, across multiple contexts – existing publications place their focus on specific network configurations or a specific network case or initiative; third, it looks at effective collaboration in networks from the dual perspective of local problem solving and whole system improvement.
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Moloney, Niamh. "I. REFORM OR REVOLUTION? THE FINANCIAL CRISIS, EU FINANCIAL MARKETS LAW, AND THE EUROPEAN SECURITIES AND MARKETS AUTHORITY." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 60, no. 2 (April 2011): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589311000145.
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Since the outset of the financial crisis, the EU financial markets regime1 has been undergoing a period of turbulence which contrasts sharply with the period of relative stability which it briefly enjoyed over 2005–2007 and post-FSAP (Financial Services Action Plan2). The FSAP reforms had been adopted. The Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) had emerged as an influential actor, driving some degree of supervisory coordination and co-operation and constructing a significant soft law ‘rule-book.’ And the 2007 Lamfalussy Review suggested broad political, institutional and stakeholder satisfaction with the Lamfalussy process. There was little enthusiasm for grand adventures in institutional design, albeit that supervision, an institutionally-driven concern, was presciently if belatedly emerging as a concern of the EU institutions. The Review's main concern, however, was with strengthening the pragmatic, if somewhat haphazard, network-based, ‘supervisory convergence’ model as the means for supervising the integrating EU financial market. With respect to regulation, reflecting the wider international zeitgeist pre-crisis,3 ‘Better Regulation’ and the need for a ‘regulatory pause’ were the watchwords of a Commission which, once the massive FSAP regime was safely in place, espoused the benefits of self-regulation and highlighted the risks of intervention without impact assessment, extensive consultation and evidence of market failure.4 This was most apparent with respect to credit rating agencies,5 debt market transparency,6 hedge funds,7 and clearing and settlement.8 Institutionally, a relatively sophisticated law-making apparatus, in the form of the Lamfalussy structures, a plethora of advisory bodies and stakeholder bodies (notably FIN-NET which represents the consumer and SME interest), had been established.
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Ahmetoglu, Alper, M. Yunus Seker, Justus Piater, Erhan Oztop, and Emre Ugur. "DeepSym: Deep Symbol Generation and Rule Learning for Planning from Unsupervised Robot Interaction." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 75 (November 6, 2022): 709–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.13754.
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Symbolic planning and reasoning are powerful tools for robots tackling complex tasks. However, the need to manually design the symbols restrict their applicability, especially for robots that are expected to act in open-ended environments. Therefore symbol formation and rule extraction should be considered part of robot learning, which, when done properly, will offer scalability, flexibility, and robustness. Towards this goal, we propose a novel general method that finds action-grounded, discrete object and effect categories and builds probabilistic rules over them for non-trivial action planning. Our robot interacts with objects using an initial action repertoire that is assumed to be acquired earlier and observes the effects it can create in the environment. To form action-grounded object, effect, and relational categories, we employ a binary bottleneck layer in a predictive, deep encoderdecoder network that takes the image of the scene and the action applied as input, and generates the resulting effects in the scene in pixel coordinates. After learning, the binary latent vector represents action-driven object categories based on the interaction experience of the robot. To distill the knowledge represented by the neural network into rules useful for symbolic reasoning, a decision tree is trained to reproduce its decoder function. Probabilistic rules are extracted from the decision paths of the tree and are represented in the Probabilistic Planning Domain Definition Language (PPDDL), allowing off-the-shelf planners to operate on the knowledge extracted from the sensorimotor experience of the robot. The deployment of the proposed approach for a simulated robotic manipulator enabled the discovery of discrete representations of object properties such as ‘rollable’ and ‘insertable’. In turn, the use of these representations as symbols allowed the generation of effective plans for achieving goals, such as building towers of the desired height, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach for multi-step object manipulation. Finally, we demonstrate that the system is not only restricted to the robotics domain by assessing its applicability to the MNIST 8-puzzle domain in which learned symbols allow for the generation of plans that move the empty tile into any given position.
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Lee, Jihwan, and Yoo S. Hong. "Design freeze sequencing using Bayesian network framework." Industrial Management & Data Systems 115, no. 7 (August 10, 2015): 1204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2015-0095.
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Purpose – Change propagation is the major source of schedule delays and cost overruns in design projects. One way to mitigate the risk of change propagation is to impose a design freeze on components at some point prior to completion of the process. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model-driven approach to optimal freeze sequence identification based on change propagation risk. Design/methodology/approach – A dynamic Bayesian network was used to represent the change propagation process within a system. According to the model, when a freeze decision is made with respect to a component, a probabilistic inference algorithm within the Bayesian network updates the uncertain state of each component. Based on this mechanism, a set of algorithm was developed to derive optimal freeze sequence. Findings – The authors derived the optimal freeze sequence of a helicopter design project from real product development process. The experimental result showed that our proposed method can significantly improve the effectiveness of freeze sequencing compared with arbitrary freeze sequencing. Originality/value – The methodology identifies the optimal sequence for resolution of entire-system uncertainty in the most effective manner. This mechanism, in progressively updating the state of each component, enables an analyzer to continuously evaluate the effectiveness of the freeze sequence.
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Devet, Annelys. "Disarming Design from Palestine: An interview with Annelys Devet." Art Libraries Journal 47, no. 3 (June 21, 2022): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2022.11.
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Annelys Devet is the co-founder of Disarming Design from Palestine, a non-profit organization with a mission to contribute through design to international solidary and social justice surrounding the Palestinian cause. Although the organization performs as a design label that promotes Palestinian voices, it also functions as a network that collects and archives “the traces of exchange.” The organization opened a physical “relational library” when it was operated a facility, Hosh Jalsa, in the Old City of Birzeit. The space had to close due to Covid, but the organization and the (now digital) library have continued the overall mission. The organization's website can be found at www.disarmingdesign.com.
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Alberti, Fernando G., and Emanuele Pizzurno. "Knowledge exchanges in innovation networks: evidences from an Italian aerospace cluster." Competitiveness Review 25, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 258–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-01-2015-0004.
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Purpose – This paper aims at investigating the multifaceted nature of innovation networks by focusing on two research questions: Do cluster actors exchange only one type of innovation-related knowledge? Do cluster actors play different roles in innovation-related knowledge exchange? Design/methodology/approach – This paper builds on data collected at the firm level in an Italian aerospace cluster, that is a technology-intensive industry where innovation is at the base of local competitiveness. A questionnaire was used to collect both attribute data and relational data concerning collaboration and the flows of knowledge in innovation networks. The authors distinguished among three types of knowledge (technological, managerial and market knowledge) and five types of brokerage roles (coordinator, gatekeeper, liaison, representative and consultant). Data analysis relied on social network analysis techniques and software. Findings – Concerning the first research question, the findings show that different types of knowledge flow in different ways in innovation networks. The different types of knowledge are unevenly exchanged. The exchange of technological knowledge is open to everyone in the cluster. The exchange of market and managerial knowledge is selective. Concerning the second research question, the authors suggest that different types of cluster actors (large firms, small- and medium-sized enterprises, research centers and universities and institutions for collaboration) do play different roles in innovation networks, especially with reference to the three types of knowledge considered in this study. Research limitations/implications – The present paper has some limitations. First of all, the analysis focuses on just one cluster (one industry in one specific location), cross- and comparative analyses with other clusters may illuminate the findings better, eliminating industry and geographical biases. Second, the paper focuses only on innovation-related knowledge exchanges within the cluster and not across it. Practical implications – The results have practical implications both for policy makers and for managers. First, this research stresses how innovation often originates from a combination of different knowledge types acquired through the collaboration with heterogeneous cluster actors. Further, the analysis of brokerage roles in innovation-driven collaborations may help policy makers in designing programs for knowledge-transfer partnerships among the various actors of a cluster. Social implications – The paper suggests a clear need of developing professional figures capable of operating at the interface of different knowledge domains. Originality/value – The data illuminate several aspects of how innovation takes place in a cluster opening up intriguing aspects that have been overlooked by extant literature. The authors believe that this may trigger several lines of further research on the topic.
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Hassan, Ibn-e., and Noraini Abu Talib. "State-led cluster development initiatives: a brief anecdote of multimedia super corridor." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 5 (May 11, 2015): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-02-2014-0011.
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Purpose – The Malaysian Government through the interventionist stance created an enabling environment for SMEs. Deliberate efforts for economic development started in the form of Industrial Estates and Export Processing Zones since early 1990s. This paper is a brief account of government efforts and its result for cluster development, in the light of recent literature. It is found that despite consistent efforts, the Malaysian answer to Silicon Valley – Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) – could not become an industrial cluster in a strict manner of the term used in the industrial cluster literature. This review highlights an array of bottlenecks that impede the competitiveness of MSC. The critical observation is that the SME firms in this “constructed cluster” are not enjoying the benefits of co-location externalities rather consider government’s financial support as an important factor affecting their co-location decision. In the absence of the significant qualitative research in the Malaysian cluster milieu, the purpose of this paper is the unique attempt to compile the previous results of significant work on the MSC and proposes future directions of research on policy-led clusters. Design/methodology/approach – This paper synthesized and arranged most recent literature on economic development efforts made by Malaysian Government. Furthermore, it highlights the issues faced by policy-led cluster of MSC. Findings – There is scant research on policy-led clusters like MSC where government plays an instrumental role from conception of this ICT cluster to development of programs and initiatives for the sustainability of it. However, the review of recent studies indicates that MSC faces some limitations to perform as cluster. There is a strong evidence that firms are not enjoying the benefits of clustering rather are attracted toward the financial incentives offered by the government in return of the firms co-location decision. Research limitations/implications – The theoretical contribution of the review is that it signals the scarcity of both breadth and depth of literature on policy-driven cluster. Although, few notable attempts indicated how cluster initiatives influence the clusters, yet various dimensions need to be explored in order to reach the conclusive findings. The current review provides a strong foundation for further empirical research. For example, the other possible avenues could be, cluster evaluation practices in policy-led clusters; enablers and barriers to innovation in policy-led clusters; development of comprehensive indicators for principled engagement, shared motivation and joint actions in collaborative initiative development and the relational dimension of networks like technological distance between the focal firms and local SMEs. Practical implications – The review highlights that government agencies and the firms in the policy-led clusters perceive the cluster initiatives differently. For government an initiative may be a success but for firms it may be just eyewash. This perceptual difference can disrupt the government efforts for this cluster. Firms are dependent on Multimedia Development Corporation. They consider themselves as a guest in the cluster and expect that government will provide everything. Mere presence/attendance of firms in the programs may not indicate the effectiveness of the initiative. Originality/value – The prime objective of the review was to highlight an array of bottlenecks that impede the competitiveness of MSC to become an ICT cluster. Since there is a dearth of significant qualitative research in the Malaysian cluster milieu particularly with respect to cluster initiatives taken in MSC, this review therefore is a unique attempt that compiles the previous results of significant work on a policy-driven MSC (ICT cluster) and proposes future direction of research on policy-led clusters.
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Ferguson, Ronald, Kaspar Schattke, and Michele Paulin. "The social context for value co-creations in an entrepreneurial network." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 22, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2015-0100.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study micro-level research into the social dimensions of entrepreneurial partnerships assessed by the influences of: the degree of interpersonal attraction, the strength of relational norms and the level of partner trustworthiness on value co-creations in an emerging biotechnology network. Design/methodology/approach – Financial and scientific partnerships were investigated by structured interviews with entrepreneurs. Financial partnerships were also studied using interviews with lead investors. Research design and analyses were based on a Conditional Process Model. Findings – Partner trustworthiness was found to be critical for the co-creation of value in both types of partnerships. In financial partnerships, the level of interpersonal attraction and relational norms strength acted independently as antecedents of partner trustworthiness. Only the entrepreneur linked interpersonal attraction directly to value co-creation. Both entrepreneurs and lead investors perceived the association between interpersonal attraction and co-created value to be mediated through partner trustworthiness. Only the lead investor perceived this mediation to be moderated by relational norms strength. However, in scientific partnerships, relational norms strength, but not interpersonal attraction, contributed to partner trustworthiness that subsequently effected value co-creation. The entrepreneur’s trustworthiness perception in both types of partnerships was mainly due to a partner’s reputation, whereas for lead investors it was primarily the perceived reliability of the entrepreneur. Originality/value – This research points out the challenges of measurement and interpretation of network research. Theoretical conclusions based on only one partner’s perspective and in one context would not be sufficient to describe the complexity of value co-creations in entrepreneurial networks. Also, the cooperative social, rather than competitive opportunistic nature of entrepreneurial knowledge-intensive networks was confirmed.
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Faraon, Montathar. "Concept-driven Design for Democracy: Advancing Co-creative Media to Support Citizen Participation and Democratic Engagement." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 10, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v10i1.490.
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This article elaborates a concept of co-creative media that aims to support citizens’ democratic engagement by facilitating participatory and co-creative processes. The research adopts a concept-driven design approach to theoretically underpin and empirically inform the concept. This was accomplished by adopting theoretical resources from the framework of actor-network theory (ANT), identifying criteria in an analysis of existing socio-technical systems for democratic engagement, and building on the results from four research studies. The main contribution of the article, namely the concept of co-creative media, could serve as a basis for further theoretical reflections and a point of departure to support future participatory design processes where relevant stakeholders collectively contribute to the practical implementation and evaluation of co-creative media. Co-creative media have the potentials to provide citizens with a new approach to democracy and could broaden citizens’ democratic engagement by means of creating virtual spaces in which new ideas, initiatives, knowledge, and solutions could emerge.
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Koivisto, Juha, and Pasi Pohjola. "Doing Together." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 7, no. 3 (July 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijantti.2015070101.
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This article examines a systemic innovation model into which the relational approach of actor-network theory (ANT) has been incorporated. The article examines what the relational approach can contribute to the conceptualization of services and to the co-development and co-design activities of them. The article operates in the context of public welfare and health services, but its analysis might be applied in any other sector and with any other object of development as well. The article presents the systemic innovation model developed in a national Innovillage project in 2009-2013 in Finland. Further, the article studies how the model has been translated into practice in the design activities of a strategic development program of social and health sector run by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland. In the discussion analytical and practical challenges of the model are specified and its further development is discussed.
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Hindrichson, Patricia Hartmann, and Airton Cattani. "Memories of the Future: a design technology by scenarios." Strategic Design Research Journal 15, no. 1 (September 5, 2022): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2021.151.06.
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Scenario Planning allows the investigation of alternative futures being useful in contexts characterized by high volatility and uncertainty. Particularly within the boundaries of Design, the way of thinking through scenarios has been incorporated into design methods to explore future contexts at certain points in the design process. However, we question whether scenario thinking could be an integral approach during the project's lifetime structuring a design technology through comprehensive and systemic mechanisms. Therefore, the present work aimed to share the research of a Design Technology by Scenarios and its application in a design workshop entitled Memories of the Future. The project network was formed by the “Protagonists of the Future,” a group movement orchestrated by the Santa Maria Development Agency supported by UN-Habitat to promote urban development in a sustainable and collaborative way. The results indicate that the co-creation of scenarios as a design technology resignified the actions of the protagonists in the local ecosystem encompassing multiple dimensions: the history and purpose of the project (story); the path necessary to achieve the goals of sustainable development in the city (path); the roles to be performed by the different protagonists involved (actors); and tangible results in the participating communities (evidences).Keywords: design methods, scenario thinking, design-driven innovation, participatory design.
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Lavanderos, Leonardo P. "From Manufacture to Cognofacture." International Journal of Project Management and Productivity Assessment 9, no. 1 (January 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpmpa.2021010103.
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This paper aims to contribute to developing a new approach related to the viability concept. This paper also demonstrates the relevance of change from the 'object' concept to the concept of 'relation' for organizational design. A system, or a viable unit in a relational sense, cannot be separated from its circumstances: what surrounds it must remain with it. What is referred to as external is not an entity apart from the unit, and, for that reason, the definitions of 'medium' and 'environment' that are being used do not correspond to these criteria. In the present context, the value generation process is mainly located in the strategic role of intangibles; as noted earlier, value propagation necessarily implies the understanding that this process is distanced from traditional physical rules whenever there emerges a relational field that allows its implementation. Emergent design or warp network is fundamentally a relational process developed from co-autonomy upon a heterarchical operational structure.
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Fortunato, S., C. T. Bergstrom, K. Börner, J. A. Evans, D. Helbing, S. Milojević, A. M. Petersen, et al. "Science of science." Bibliosphere, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2021-1-25-42.
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BACKGROUND. The increasing availability of digital data on scholarly inputs and outputs – from research funding, productivity, and collaboration to paper citations and scientist mobility – offers unprecedented opportunities to explore the structure and evolution of science. The science of science (SciSci) offers a quantitative understanding of the interactions among scientific agents across diverse geographic and temporal scales: It provides insights into the conditions underlying creativity and the genesis of scientific discovery, with the ultimate goal of developing tools and policies that have the potential to accelerate science. In the past decade, SciSci has benefited from an influx of natural, computational, and social scientists who together have developed big data–based capabilities for empirical analysis and generative modeling that capture the unfolding of science, its institutions, and its workforce. The value proposition of SciSci is that with a deeper understanding of the factors that drive successful science, we can more effectively address environmental, societal, and technological problems.ADVANCES. Science can be described as a complex, self-organizing, and evolving network of scholars, projects, papers, and ideas. This representation has unveiled patterns characterizing the emergence of new scientific fields through the study of collaboration networks and the path of impactful discoveries through the study of citation networks. Microscopic models have traced the dynamics of citation accumulation, allowing us to predict the future impact of individual papers. SciSci has revealed choices and trade-offs that scientists face as they advance both their own careers and the scientific horizon. For example, measurements indicate that scholars are risk-averse, preferring to study topics related to their current expertise, which constrains the potential of future discoveries. Those willing to break this pattern engage in riskier careers but become more likely to make major breakthroughs. Overall, the highest-impact science is grounded in conventional combinations of prior work but features unusual combinations. Last, as the locus of research is shifting into teams, SciSci is increasingly focused on the impact of team research, finding that small teams tend to disrupt science and technology with new ideas drawing on older and less prevalent ones. In contrast, large teams tend to develop recent, popular ideas, obtaining high, but often short-lived, impact.OUTLOOK. SciSci offers a deep quantitative understanding of the relational structure between scientists, institutions, and ideas because it facilitates the identification of fundamental mechanisms responsible for scientific discovery. These interdisciplinary data-driven efforts complement contributions from related fields such as scientometrics and the economics and sociology of science. Although SciSci seeks long-standing universal laws and mechanisms that apply across various fields of science, a fundamental challenge going forward is accounting for undeniable differences in culture, habits, and preferences between different fields and countries. This variation makes some cross-domain insights difficult to appreciate and associated science policies difficult to implement. The differences among the questions, data, and skills specific to each discipline suggest that further insights can be gained from domain-specific SciSci studies, which model and identify opportunities adapted to the needs of individual research fields.Abstract. Identifying fundamental drivers of science and developing predictive models to capture its evolution are instrumental for the design of policies that can improve the scientific enterprise – for example, through enhanced career paths for scientists, better performance evaluation for organizations hosting research, discovery of novel effective funding vehicles, and even identification of promising regions along the scientific frontier. The science of science uses large-scale data on the production of science to search for universal and domainspecific patterns. Here, we review recent developments in this transdisciplinary field.
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Christensen, Poul Rind, Kristin B. Munksgaard, and Anne Louise Bang. "The wicked problems of supplier-driven innovation." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 32, no. 6 (July 3, 2017): 836–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-06-2015-0110.
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Purpose Suppliers stand in the wake of a new diversified strategic momentum in the global production network, where innovation is growing in importance. The term “supplier-driven innovation” is coined in contrast to the current hype on user-driven innovation; this paper aims to discuss the wicked problems for suppliers to actively engage in customers’ innovations. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study of eight Danish suppliers. Findings The wicked problem of supplier-driven innovation is generated by two intertwined constraints: the ability to engage customers in the co-creation of attractive offers and the ability to include technological knowledge and capabilities residing in the upstream network of suppliers. Research limitations/implications This research combines an industrial network approach with perspectives generated through design management literature aiming to develop an innovative space for co-creation across diverse organizational, technological and managerial domains in the global production system. Practical implications To participate in supplier-driven innovation, partners need to co-create an innovative space for joint development. Originality/value Co-creation enriches the understanding of the diversity of forms of interaction, ranging from information and knowledge exchange and mutual adaptation processes to experimentation with processes of co-creation. Through a complementary view on how suppliers co-create innovative spaces of action in the upstream spaces of technical knowledge as well as the downstream spaces of preferential needs, the research contributes insights about the characteristics of the wicked problems that suppliers need to handle in bridging and expanding these spaces for innovative actions.
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Yu, Jinghua, and Feng Luo. "A Systematic Approach for Cybersecurity Design of In-Vehicle Network Systems with Trade-Off Considerations." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (August 5, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7169720.
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With the increasing connectivity of modern vehicles, protecting systems from attacks on cyber is becoming crucial and urgent. Meanwhile, a vehicle should guarantee a safe and comfortable trip for users. Therefore, how to design a cybersecurity-critical system in vehicles with safety and user experience (UX) considerations is increasingly essential. However, most co-design methods focus on safety engineering with attack concerns and do not discuss conflicts and integration, and few contain the UX aspect. Besides, most existing approaches are abstract at a high level without practical guidelines. This paper presents a literature review of existing safety and security design approaches and proposes a systematic approach for cybersecurity design of in-vehicle network systems based on the guideline in SAE J3061. The trade-off analysis is performed by using association keys and the proposed affecting map. The design process of an example Diagnostic on Internet Protocol (DoIP) system is reported to show how the approach works. Compared with the existing approaches, the proposed one considers safety, cybersecurity, and UX simultaneously, solves conflicts qualitatively or quantitatively, and obtains trade-off design requirements. This approach is applicable to the cybersecurity-driven design of in-vehicle network systems in the early stage with safety and UX considerations.
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Zhou, Chunxu. "Algorithm Design of Early Warning Seatbelt Intelligent Adjustment System Based on Neural Network and Big Data Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 20, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7268963.
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With the purpose to guarantee the safety of drivers and passengers as well as lower the death rate collision, the early warning seatbelt intelligent adjustment system is designed by using big data analysis technology based on the aspects of hardware equipment, database, and software program. In the hardware system, microcontroller AT89C52 is applied as the control core. By means of the sensor detection and drive control, the early warning safety belt tightening, locking and lifting, and other functions are realized. Meanwhile, various components of the hardware system are coordinated through debugging several modules in the hardware system and using the modified circuit to connect them together. We determine the relational rules of the database and create the corresponding database table, to provide sufficient data support for the realization of software functions. Using the big data analysis method to process the real-time detection data received by the sensor, the software functions such as timely tightening of safety belt, humidity relaxation, and over-rolling prevention can be realized according to different driving conditions of drivers and vehicles, respectively. The conclusion is drawn through the system test experiment: compared with the traditional regulation system, the design system has a higher degree of regulation, and the application of the design results to the actual vehicle can reduce the crash fatality rate of about 22.4%.
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Pietron, Jeremy, Paul A. DeSario, Catherine L. Pitman, Todd Brintlinger, Adam Dunkelberger, Olga A. Baturina, Rhonda Stroud, Jeffrey C. Owrutsky, and Debra R. Rolison. "(Invited) Nanoscale Design and Modification of Plasmonic Aerogels for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 31 (April 13, 2018): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1871.
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Composite catalytic aerogels comprise a highly-flexible design motif for the creation of solar fuels photocatalysts. We exploit the compositional and interfacial design flexibility of catalytic aerogels to couple surface plasmon resonant (SPR) guests to nanometric oxidation and reduction catalysts in one hierarchical photocatalytic composite architecture. In our composite aerogels, the nanoscale TiO2 aerogel acts as a 3D-interconnected network of nanowires that couples all of the functional elements required to photogenerate molecular hydrogen from visible light and water: visible light sensitization, electron and ion transport, and oxidation and reduction catalysis. We investigate the effects of synthetically modifying the TiO2 aerogel network and the nanoparticulate Au||TiO2 interfaces in plasmonic Au–TiO2 aerogels on light sensitization, carrier (electron–hole pair) generation, and photocatalytic H2 evolution under both broadband (i.e., UV + visible) and visible excitation. We also introduce oxidation and reduction co-catalyst nanoparticles into the plasmonic aerogels, creating composite aerogels that perform visible light SPR–driven photocatalytic reduction of water to generate H2. The nanostructured high surface–area network in the aerogel spatially and effectively separates charge while electrochemically connecting plasmonic nanoparticle sensitizers and metal nanoparticle all in one mesoscale architecture and at length scales compatible with the kinetics of each reaction. Reference: "Plasmonic aerogels as a 3D nanoscale platform for solar fuels photocatalysis.” P. A. DeSario, J. J. Pietron, A. Dunkelburger, T.H. Brintlinger, O. Baturina, R. M. Stroud, J. C. Owrutsky, and D. R. Rolison, Langmuir, 2017, 33, 9444–9454; doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01117 This work is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research.
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Mulder, Ingrid, and Alberto Magni. "A collaborative learning infrastructure to build capacity for urban transformations." Interaction Design and Architecture(s), no. 52 (June 10, 2022): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-052-007.
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An increasing number of social innovators are leveraging cities as urban learning ecosystems in order to experiment with design approaches to tackle societal challenges at a local level. However, the scale and complexity of these challenges force them to constantly acquire new capabilities to advance the local experimentation towards systemic change. We introduce co-design as a transformative community-driven design method to facilitate innovators to continuously identify, connect, co-define, and share with other peers their learning journeys to build capacity over time for addressing societal challenges. The current article elaborates upon a capacity-building framework that not only resulted in elaborate training activities for urban transformations, but also fostered a community of practice that was instrumental to self-sustain a learning network. Results highlight the importance of developing a collaborative learning infrastructure capable of expanding the pool of societal actors contributing to the further diffusion and co-creation of knowledge for urban transformations.
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Haydon-Laurelut, Mark Andrew, and Karl Nunkoosing. "Commentary on “Who’s Challenging Who?: a co-produced approach for training staff in learning disability services about challenging behaviour”." Tizard Learning Disability Review 24, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-08-2019-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on the article by Flynn et al. Design/methodology/approach In this commentary, the authors will develop some further thoughts about the importance of empathy, its relational nature and place in practice. The authors use some examples from systemic practice to illustrate. Findings Social psychological research underlines the importance of empathy in practice. Systemic practice and other collaborative approaches that ask about the experiences and abilities of people with a learning disability and their networks can support new possibilities as network members are listened to, included and respected. Originality/value The relational nature of empathy and its connection with practice is explored in this paper.
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Agostino, Deborah, Michela Arnaboldi, and Martina Dal Molin. "Critical crossroads to explain network change: evidence from a goal-directed network." International Journal of Public Sector Management 30, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-04-2016-0078.
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Purpose Public networks studies have widely diffused in recent years, but scant attention has been devoted to network change. By endorsing the notion of critical crossroads to describe a crucial turning point for the network survival, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how and why a goal-directed network changes, considering both the benefits and the constraints of the change. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a longitudinal case study based upon an interventionist research approach (Jönsson and Lukka, 2006), with the researchers being immersed in the network life of a group of Italian public universities over a period of 17 years. Findings This paper proposes an empirical derived framework about network evolution that identifies two different types of crossroads (i.e. resource-driven crossroads and management driven) as drivers for network evolution. The main determinant behind these crisis situation were found in the heterogeneity of the network actors and, while overcoming the crossroads, informal sub-networks were found emerging. Originality/value This study enlarges current public network literature by focusing specifically on how and why networks change, an aspect underinvestigated by current literature.
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Qiu, Xinlu, Marcelo Cano-Kollmann, and Ram Mudambi. "Competitiveness and connectivity in design innovation: a study of Norwegian furniture industry." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 27, no. 5 (October 16, 2017): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-03-2017-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how firms achieve competitiveness by implementing design-driven innovation. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a detailed longitudinal analysis of the design innovation underpinning the Norwegian furniture industry. Using a data set spanning 40 years (1976-2015) of design patents by both Norwegian firms and inventors, the authors map the coinventor connectivity of the design-innovation clusters of Norway, both within the country and with foreign locations. Findings Using network analysis, the authors find that most of the rise of co-inventor connectivity within Norwegian furniture industry’s design innovation is occurring within the country. More surprisingly, the leading firms and star inventors are less likely to collaborate internationally, i.e. they are characterized by greater innovative “lock-in”. Research limitations/implications The exploration of all the potential reasons for the “lock-in” in design innovation of the Norwegian furniture industry is beyond the scope of this paper. A particularly interesting avenue for future research would be to compare the coinventor connectivity of traditional sectors like furniture with more high technology sectors within Norway. Originality/value By assessing a detailed and historical context of the evolution of Norwegian furniture industry, the paper provides a fairly comprehensive study of design innovation as a source of firms’ competitiveness, which has been rarely explored. The authors suggest that innovative “lock-in” may be more likely to arise in the traditional sectors of an economy and the forces may be particularly strong for those firms and individuals that have the highest domestic connectedness and status.
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Huang, Yi-Ching (Janet), Yu-Ting Cheng, Rung-Huei Liang, Jane Yung-jen Hsu, and Lin-Lin Chen. "Thing Constellation Visualizer: Exploring Emergent Relationships of Everyday Objects." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479866.
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Designing future IoT ecosystems requires new approaches and perspectives to understand everyday practices. While researchers recognize the importance of understanding social aspects of everyday objects, limited studies have explored the possibilities of combining data-driven patterns with human interpretations to investigate emergent relationships among objects. This work presents Thing Constellation Visualizer (thingCV), a novel interactive tool for visualizing the social network of objects based on their co-occurrence as computed from a large collection of photos. ThingCV enables perspective-changing design explorations over the network of objects with scalable links. Two exploratory workshops were conducted to investigate how designers navigate and make sense of a network of objects through thingCV. The results of eight participants showed that designers were actively engaged in identifying interesting objects and their associated clusters of related objects. The designers projected social qualities onto the identified objects and their communities. Furthermore, the designers changed their perspectives to revisit familiar contexts and to generate new insights through the exploration process. This work contributes a novel approach to combining data-driven models with designerly interpretations of thing constellation towards More-Than Human-Centred Design of IoT ecosystems.
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KINNE, BRANDON J. "Network Dynamics and the Evolution of International Cooperation." American Political Science Review 107, no. 4 (October 8, 2013): 766–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055413000440.
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Cooperation helps states realize mutual gains, but mistrust and disagreements over institutional design inhibit cooperation. This article develops a network explanation for how states achieve cooperation in the face of persistent coordination and collaboration problems. The analysis focuses on bilateral cooperation agreements, a vast body of treaties spanning multiple issue areas. Bilateral agreements constitute an evolving network of cooperative ties. This network defines the strategic environment in which states bargain over new agreements, endogenously influencing subsequent bilateral endeavors by revealing strategically valuable information about states’ trustworthiness and preferences over institutional design, while also generating externalities that incentivize bilateral partnerships. Inferential network analysis shows that states are more likely to create bilateral agreements if they (1) share agreements with common third parties, (2) accede to more agreements in general, and/or (3) share important exogenous characteristics with current bilateral partners. These network dynamics drive bilateral cooperation in everything from commodities to cultural exchange to fisheries.
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Eloranta, Ville, and Taija Turunen. "Seeking competitive advantage with service infusion: a systematic literature review." Journal of Service Management 26, no. 3 (June 15, 2015): 394–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-12-2013-0359.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the service infusion literature explains competitive advantage through services. The four strategic management theories – competitive forces, the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities, and relational view – are applied in the analysis. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review analyzes the links between the service infusion and strategy literature. Findings – The review reveals that although discussion of service infusion applies strategic management concepts, the stream lacks rigor with respect to construct definition and justification. Additionally, contextual variables are often missing. The result is an over-emphasis of contextually bound measures, such as technology, and focal actors. Research limitations/implications – The growing trends toward social networks, co-specialization, actor dependency and shared resources encourage service infusion scholars to focus on network-related and relational capabilities, co-opetition, open business models, and relational rent extraction. Furthermore, service infusion research would benefit from considering strategy-based theoretical discussions, constructs, and constraints that would improve the scientific rigor, impact and contribution. Originality/value – This paper represents a systematic attempt to link the service infusion literature with strategic management theories and thoroughly analyzes the knowledge gaps and possible misconceptions.
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DOOLEY, LAWRENCE, and DAVID O'SULLIVAN. "MANAGING WITHIN DISTRIBUTED INNOVATION NETWORKS." International Journal of Innovation Management 11, no. 03 (September 2007): 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919607001801.
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Business competitiveness and sustainability depends on the effective management of innovation. To be effective, innovation needs to take place within every area of an organisation and by association within organisational networks that include key suppliers, customers and other strategic partners. Distributed innovation management is the process of managing innovation both within and across networks of organisations that have come together to co-design, co-produce and co-service the needs of customers. As innovation collaboration spreads outside the reporting structures of any one organisation, its management faces new challenges that must be addressed if collaboration is to be successful. This paper presents a discussion on the relational capabilities that need to be nurtured if distributed innovation management is to occur. It introduces an integrated framework and tools to support innovation from the individual employees to the distributed network level. Finally, it presents a case study of distributed innovation between a consortium of six organisations within the biotechnology area.
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Purdy, E., D. Mclean, C. Alexander, M. Scott, A. Donahue, D. Campbell, M. Wullschleger, G. Berkowitz, D. Henry, and V. Brazil. "P045: Doing our work better, together: a relationship-based approach to defining the quality improvement agenda in trauma care." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.251.
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Background: Trauma care represents a complex patient journey, requiring multi-disciplinary coordinated care. Team members are human, and as such, how they feel about their colleagues and their work affects performance. The challenge for health service leaders is enabling culture that supports high levels of collaboration, cooperation and coordination across diverse groups. Aim Statement: We aimed to define and set the agenda for improvement of the relational aspects of trauma care at a large tertiary care hospital. Measures & Design: We conducted a mixed-methods collaborative ethnography using the Relational Coordination survey – an established tool to analyze the relational dimensions of multidisciplinary teamwork – participant observation, interviews, and narrative surveys. Findings were presented to clinicians in working groups for further interpretation and to facilitate co-creation of targeted interventions designed to improve team relationships and performance. Evaluation/Results: We engaged a complex multidisciplinary network of ~500 care providers dispersed across seven core interdependent clinical disciplines. Initial findings highlighted the importance of relationships in trauma care and opportunities to improve. Narrative survey and ethnographic findings further highlighted the centrality of a translational simulation program in contributing positively to team culture and relational ties. A range of 16 interventions – focusing on structural, process and relational dimensions – were co-created with participants and are now being implemented and evaluated by various trauma care providers. Discussion/Impact: Through engagement of clinicians spanning organizational boundaries, relational aspects of care can be measured and directly targeted in a collaborative quality improvement process. We encourage health care leaders to consider relationship-based quality improvement strategies, including translational simulation and relational coordination processes, in their efforts to improve care for patients with complex, interdependent journeys.
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Vinberg, Stig, Gunnar Gelin, and Karl W. Sandberg. "Networks, ICT Level and Social Consequences - An Integrated Model for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 12 (July 2000): 2–567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401233.
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This paper focus on conditions and relationships between factors in small and medium sized enterprises related to organizational change and information technology level using an integrated and empirically founded model. Data comes from a study of small and medium sized enterprises in the northern part of Sweden. The design combines a quasi-experimental approach with ideas on concept-driven development and network building research. Concepts and data analysis are multi-level - an individual level with leaders and co-workers in the enterprises as units, and an organizational level, with the enterprises as units. Empirical results of network activities, ICT-level, change competencies, ergonomic and psychosocial tension are presented and related to other relevant research.
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Bludau, Isabell. "Discovery–Versus Hypothesis–Driven Detection of Protein–Protein Interactions and Complexes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094450.
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Protein complexes are the main functional modules in the cell that coordinate and perform the vast majority of molecular functions. The main approaches to identify and quantify the interactome to date are based on mass spectrometry (MS). Here I summarize the benefits and limitations of different MS-based interactome screens, with a focus on untargeted interactome acquisition, such as co-fractionation MS. Specific emphasis is given to the discussion of discovery- versus hypothesis-driven data analysis concepts and their applicability to large, proteome-wide interactome screens. Hypothesis-driven analysis approaches, i.e., complex- or network-centric, are highlighted as promising strategies for comparative studies. While these approaches require prior information from public databases, also reviewed herein, the available wealth of interactomic data continuously increases, thereby providing more exhaustive information for future studies. Finally, guidance on the selection of interactome acquisition and analysis methods is provided to aid the reader in the design of protein-protein interaction studies.
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Cantù, Chiara, Juho Ylimäki, Charlotta Agneta Sirén, and David Nickell. "The role of knowledge intermediaries in co-managed innovations." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 30, no. 8 (October 5, 2015): 951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2014-0032.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how technological hubs (THs), defined as knowledge intermediaries, can assist companies in creating successful partnerships to develop innovations. Specifically, the authors ask how THs can help firms connect with horizontal networks and how THs can assist firms on finding suppliers and customers from the vertical network with whom to collaborate. By answering these two main questions, the paper sheds light on the important role of THs and its incubators as knowledge intermediaries in innovation co-creation. Design/methodology/approach – The research is founded on a longitudinal case study of an Italian technologic hub, ComoNExT, that aims to improve the competitiveness of its local economy. Specific attention is given to the role of the incubator that was formed as a joint effort in the technology hub. Findings – The authors find that THs can facilitate networking among tenants and among tenants and external actors within the same epistemic network. The TH that the authors studied is characterized by a new business model that is founded on providing value-added services and networking. The TH sustains the networking at different levels: within tenants, with local actors, extra-local and international actors. The authors’ analysis suggest that THs become knowledge intermediaries who allow firms to identify innovation parties and transform them into innovation partners and, thus, outline the shift from outsourced innovation to co-managed innovation. Originality/value – The paper shows how knowledge intermediaries facilitate the intermediation between heterogeneous organizations who are located at different network positions and characterized by relational proximity that is the basis for reaching effective innovation. The research depicts how knowledge intermediaries reinforce the drivers of a co-membership network to co-create innovation to improve the strength of a relationship characterized by a shared vision.
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Manulak, Michael W. "The Networked Diplomacy of Informal International Institutions." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 27, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 410–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02703006.
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Abstract The rise of informal international institutions has been one of the most significant developments in institutional design and choice since the 1990s. While states have increasingly opted for informal governance, little is known about the character of intergovernmental relations in these settings. Scholars, for instance, debate whether great powers dominate such institutions, or whether influence can be exercised by a wider array of players. Drawing from the author’s experience as a government representative within the Proliferation Security Initiative, a leading informal institution, this article provides a theory-driven analysis of intergovernmental interactions within such bodies. It demonstrates that diplomacy within informal institutions tends to assume a decentralized, networked quality that favors actors positioned at the center of intergovernmental networks. In doing so, the article highlights clear means through which central network positions confer influence. The article also sheds new light on the Proliferation Security Initiative and on counterproliferation cooperation more generally.
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Ponce, Pedro, J. Antonio Rosales, Arturo Molina, Hiram Ponce, and Brian MacCleery. "Designing a Robust Controller Using SMC and Fuzzy Artificial Organic Networks for Brushed DC Motors." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 3091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123091.
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Electric direct-current (DC) drives based on DC motor are extremely important in the manufacturing process, so it must be crucial to increase their performance when they are working on load disturbances or the DC motor’s parameters change. Usually, several load torque suddenly appears when electric drives are operating in a speed closed-loop, so robust controllers are required to keep the speed high-performance. One of the most well-known robust strategies is the sliding mode controller (SMC), which works under discontinue operation. This controller can handle disturbances and variations in the plant’s parameters, so the controller has robust performance. Nevertheless, it has some disadvantages (chattering). Therefore, this paper proposed a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) that includes an artificial organic network for adjusting the command signal of the SMC. The proposed controller gives a smooth signal that decrements the chattering in the SMC. The stability condition that is based on Lyapunov of the DC motor is driven is evaluated; besides, the stability margins are calculated. The proposed controller is designed using co-simulation and a real testbed since co-simulation is an extremely useful tool in academia and industry allows to move from co-simulation to real implementation in short period of time. Moreover, there are several universities and industries that adopt co-simulation as the main step to design prototypes. Thus, engineering students and designers are able to achieve excellent results when they design rapid and functional prototypes. For instance, co-simulation based on Multisim leads to design directly printed circuit boards so engineering students or designers could swiftly get an experimental DC drive. The experimental results using this platform show excellent DC-drive performance when the load torque disturbances are suddenly applied to the system. As a result, the proposed controller based on fuzzy artificial organic and SMC allows for adjusting the command signal that improves the dynamic response in DC drives. The experimental response using the sliding-mode controller with fuzzy artificial organic networks is compared against an auto-tuning, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), which is a conventional controller. The PID controller is the most implemented controller in several industries, so this proposal can contribute to improving manufacturing applications, such as micro-computer numerical control (CNC) machines. Moreover, the proposed robust controller achieves a superior-speed response under the whole tested scenarios. Finally, the presented design methodology based on co-simulation could be used by universities and industry for validating and implementing advanced control systems in DC drives.
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Sánchez-Franco, Manuel J., Mirian Muñoz-Expósito, and Ángel F. Villarejo-Ramos. "A knowledge structures exploration on social network sites." Kybernetes 46, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 818–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2016-0013.
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Purpose This paper aims to describe a method for combining perceived community support, relationship quality and the extended technology acceptance model in the same empirically derived associative network. The research also examines the moderating role of accumulation of knowledge (based on beliefs and opinions) derived from social interactions. Design/methodology/approach The Pathfinder algorithm is a valid approach for determining network structures from relatedness data. Such a graphical representation provides managers with a comprehensible picture of how social behaviours relate to loyalty-based dimensions. Findings As the benefits of community participation and integration might be differently evaluated by new and long-term users, the research examines the associative network by levels of user familiarity. This study indeed contributes to the analysis of enduring social bonds with respect to individuals’ decision-making processes, as it provides details representing specific relationships between diverse concepts based on true-loyalty. Practical implications The application of Pathfinder to the study of online social services and user behaviour appears to have potential for unveiling the structures of social network sites members and designing successful strategies for prospective community managers. Originality/value This is the first study to the author’s knowledge that empirically tests a theory-grounded framework for integrating individual characteristics and relational driver and focuses on associative structures evidenced as a representation of the most salient loyalty-based concepts by also studying the moderating effects of familiarity.
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Capone, Francesco, and Niccolò Innocenti. "Open innovation and network dynamics. An analysis of openness of co-patenting collaborations in Florence, Italy." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 30, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-10-2019-0101.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relational dynamics for innovation and, in particular, the impact of the openness of innovation process on the innovation capacity of organisations in restricted geographical contexts. Design/methodology/approach Through a negative binomial regression, the work analyses how the characteristics of the openness of the organisation’s innovation process in the period 2004-2010 influence the firm’s patent productivity in the following period (2011-2016). Findings The breadth of the open innovation (OI) process, here measured by the number of external network ties that an organisation realises for the realisation of its patents, has a positive effect on patent productivity. The depth of the openness, that is, the intensity of external network ties, has an equally positive influence on the innovative performance. However, after a tipping point, the patent productivity tends to decrease, underlining the costs and problems of OI practices. Research limitations/implications This study considers only patent collaborations in the city of Florence. Therefore, it focusses on codified innovations and on a single territorial case study. Practical implications The results underline the importance of the adoption of OI practices in restricted geographical contexts (such as cities, clusters or industrial districts) but with several limitations. Only collaborating more with others does not foster the organisation’s invention productivity, but different types of evidence are found here. Originality/value An original database has been created, containing all the information on patents realised in the area of Florence from 2004 until 2016, and a social networks analysis was applied to identify the local innovation networks.
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Haniruzila Hanifah, Hasliza Abd Halim, and Ali Vafaei-Zadeh. "Social Capital as Innovative Performance Driver in SMEs: Leveraging on Innovation Culture and Government Support." global journal al thaqafah SI (February 28, 2022): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi022022-5.
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Innovation creates value for customers and helps companies to stay competitive in the market. It is however found that little attention has been given in previous studies in looking at innovation culture among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Given that innovation provides a competitive advantage for SMEs, they hence need to inculcate innovation culture within themselves in order to achieve their business performance objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of innovation culture towards innovation performance and the influence of social capital (relational capital and social network) on innovation culture. Additionally, government support will also be investigated as it mediates between innovation culture and performance in the growth of SMEs in Malaysia. A quantitative method design was employed in this research to produce interesting findings. Research findings indicate that social capital has a significant impact on innovation culture, but an indirect impact on innovation performance. Government support also plays an important role in strengthening the link between innovation culture and performance. This study contributes to our understanding of the factors that promote the innovation culture within business organizations. As such, it is hoped that this study will encourage researchers to establish more definitive evidence on the culture of innovation among Malaysian SMEs, thereby creating the basic framework for further investigation.
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Scribani, Melissa B., Pamela J. Tinc, Erika E. Scott, Julie A. Sorensen, Nancy H. Tallman, and Anne M. Gadomski. "Evaluating the Evolution of Social Networks: A Ten-Year Longitudinal Analysis of an Agricultural, Fishing and Forestry Occupational Health Research Center." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 12889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412889.
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As part of our evaluation of the NIOSH-funded Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (NEC), we present methodology, findings and the potential implications of a sequential social network analysis (SNA) conducted over ten years. Assessing the effectiveness of the center’s scientific projects was our overarching evaluation goal. The evaluation design employed SNA to (a) look at changes to the center’s network over time by visualizing relationships between center collaborators annually, (b) document collaborative ties and (c) identify particularly strong or weak areas of the network. Transdisciplinary social network criteria were applied to the SNA to examine the collaboration between center personnel, their partners and the industry groups they serve. SNA participants’ perspectives on the utility of the SNA were also summarized to assess their interest in ongoing SNA measures. Annual installments of the SNA (2011–2020) showed an expansion of the network with a 30% increase in membership from baseline, as well as an increase in total relational ties (any type of contact). SNA measures also indicated significant increases in co-publication, cross-sector and transdisciplinary ties. Overall, SNA is an effective tool in visualizing and sustaining an occupational safety and health research and outreach network. Its utility is limited by how ties are characterized, grant cycle timeframes and how SNA metrics relate to productivity.
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Torkkeli, Lasse, Olli Kuivalainen, Sami Saarenketo, and Kaisu Puumalainen. "Network competence in Finnish SMEs: implications for growth." Baltic Journal of Management 11, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-02-2015-0032.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how network competence is related to the growth of domestic and international SMEs originating from the Nordic region. Business networks have been found to drive internationalization of SMEs in the Nordic context, but the impact of network-related organizational competencies on them has not been considered. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply regression analysis on a sample of 298 Finnish SMEs across five industry sectors, gathered via an online survey in 2008, and with the data having been updated for its financial indicators up to 2010. Findings – The authors find that cross-relational network competence is a significant predictor of growth in internationally operating SMEs. This result is robust across measures among the firms. In comparison, the network competence of domestically operating SMEs is not related to their growth, and relationship-specific competence does not influence growth. Research limitations/implications – The study does not account for longitudinal aspect of competence development. Growth is measured by the growth in sales and assets, and there are other ways to measure organizational growth. A single-country context also extends some restrictions on the generalizability of the results, although they could be expected to hold across small, open economies similar to Finland and the Nordic area. Practical implications – The results imply that the strategic aims of SMEs determine their need for network competence, those SMEs seeking internationalization and growth through geographic expansion come to benefit from developing certain types of network competence. Social implications – Policy implications arise where governments in Finland and in the Nordic area may aid SMEs’ internationalization efforts by enabling the growth-seeking firms with increased resources for competence development. Originality/value – This is the first study to examine how the organizational competencies to develop and manage business networks, in particular dyadic and network-level competencies, come to determine realized growth outcomes in domestic and international SMEs. It contributes to the theory of SME internationalization and international entrepreneurship from the business network point of view, while providing further knowledge on internationalization of SMEs originating from the Nordic area.
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Qin, Wei, Huichun Lv, Chengliang Liu, Datta Nirmalya, and Peyman Jahanshahi. "Remaining useful life prediction for lithium-ion batteries using particle filter and artificial neural network." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 312–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2019-0195.
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Purpose With the promotion of lithium-ion battery, it is more and more important to ensure the safety usage of the battery. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the battery operation data and estimate the remaining life of the battery, and provide effective information to the user to avoid the risk of battery accidents. Design/methodology/approach The particle filter (PF) algorithm is taken as the core, and the double-exponential model is used as the state equation and the artificial neural network is used as the observation equation. After the importance resampling process, the battery degradation curve is obtained after getting the posterior parameter, and then the system could estimate remaining useful life (RUL). Findings Experiments were carried out by using the public data set. The results show that the Bayesian-based posterior estimation model has a good predictive effect and fits the degradation curve of the battery well, and the prediction accuracy will increase gradually as the cycle increases. Originality/value This paper combines the advantages of the data-driven method and PF algorithm. The proposed method has good prediction accuracy and has an uncertain expression on the RUL of the battery. Besides, the method proposed is relatively easy to implement in the battery management system, which has high practical value and can effectively avoid battery using risk for driver safety.
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Dooley, Lawrence, and Claire Gubbins. "Inter-organisational knowledge networks: synthesising dialectic tensions of university-industry knowledge discovery." Journal of Knowledge Management 23, no. 10 (December 9, 2019): 2113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-06-2018-0343.
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Purpose Despite growth in use of inter-organisational relationships for knowledge co-creation, many collaborations struggle to realise the synergistic benefits of these networks. This paper aims to explore the evolving dialectic tensions evident within an inter-organisational relationship and the governance consideration to optimise the knowledge process. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal case of a university-industry knowledge network is selected for study. The single case analysis aligns with the dialectical epistemology, which dismisses the expectation of homogeny or constancy across network cases. Findings The research highlights the circular condition between dialectic tensions evident within inter-organisational relations and the governance mechanisms developed to synthesis the network knowledge discovery capability. The research shows that these tensions are a natural part of the network existence and often advantageous to knowledge creation. The research also highlights that governance is required at multiple levels within the network entity to optimise knowledge exchange and discovery. Originality/value The research adds to the limited application of dialectical thinking to inter-organisational networks. It highlights the structural and relational governance mechanisms that interplay to optimise their knowledge process capability. The research also highlights the multiple levels within networks at which tensions can originate, requiring knowledge governance at the micro, meso and macro level to address the complexity of the inter-organisational relationship. This research provides a better understanding of how knowledge within inter-organisational relations can be managed for mutual benefit and value creation.
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El-Kazaz, Sarah. "Building “Community” and Markets in Contemporary Cairo." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 476–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000129.
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AbstractThis paper interrogates the political economy of re-regulation in market-driven economies through the lens of transformations in contemporary Cairo. Focusing on property markets, the paper demonstrates that rather than reveling in the “freeing” of real estate through the reversal of rent control laws, private sector actors were working to re-regulate the real estate market. They were not turning to legal mechanisms or patronage networks, but invested in the production of local “community” in central Cairo as they worked to re-regulate the market. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork from 2011–2012, the paper compares how two private sector actors with varying relationships to the market reacted to the reversal of rent control. The paper demonstrates that both actors were mobilizing urban planning and architectural design as modes of societal engineering to foster local particularistic communities as they worked to corner real estate markets both upward toward a high-end clientele and downwards towards low-income residents. In unpacking how these actors mobilized community as they worked to intervene in markets, and their interventions’ contradictions, the paper challenges the idea thattrustor relational networks are the most valued facets of community in market-transitioning economies. It shows that actors value the spatial boundary-setting and particularism of communities as they work to re-regulate markets, and accentuatedifferencerather than trust in those contexts.
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Leunis, Sofie, Marieke Vandecruys, Véronique Cornelissen, Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck, Sabina De Geest, Diethard Monbaliu, and Stefan De Smet. "Physical Activity Behaviour in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Proposal of Theory-Driven Physical Activity Interventions." Kidney and Dialysis 2, no. 2 (June 7, 2022): 298–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial2020029.
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Physical inactivity is highly prevalent after solid organ transplantation and leads to unfavourable outcomes. This review aimed to understand posttransplant physical activity behaviour and propose physical activity interventions. Michie’s Behavioural Change Wheel was applied, in which the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions framework, the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation and Behaviour model, and the Theoretical Domains Framework were embedded. Various contextual factors were found to modulate physical activity behaviour. Promising strategies to promote long-term physical activity included (i) tailoring of physical activity programs to patients’ abilities and preferences; (ii) incitement of intrinsic and autonomous motivation to change; (iii) SMART goals setting (e.g., Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timebound), (iv) autonomy-supportive co-design of action plans; (v) foster new habit formation; (vi) self-monitoring of physical activity; (vii) follow-up opportunities for evaluation and adjustment; (viii) education of transplant recipients, healthcare providers, and the patients’ social network; (iv) improvement of self-efficacy through incremental successes, verbal persuasion, peer modelling, and awareness of exercise-related bodily signals; (x) providing physical activity opportunity within patients’ social and environmental setting; (xi) encouragement and support from patients’ social network and healthcare providers; and (xii) governmental action that alleviates financial barriers and restructures the physical environment to promote physical activity. These new insights may contribute to physical activity program development for transplantation recipients.