Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Design de synthèse'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Design de synthèse.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Côté, Simon. "Design, synthèse et caractérisation de molécules peptidiques fonctionnelles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38055.pdf.
Full textPaquet-Côté, Pierre-Alexandre. "Design, synthèse et caractérisation de nanostructures peptidiques bioactives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30750/30750.pdf.
Full textParent, Manuel. "Nanosondes pour l'imagerie multiphotonique : design, synthèse et caractérisation." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S056.
Full textMultiphotonic excitation methods have attracted increased attention in relation to their convenient advantages regarding selectivity, 3‑D localisation and penetration depth. Non‑linear microscopies are one of the most promising techniques which allow a softer and higher‑performance biological imaging, only if high-performance adequate markers and probes are developed. In the first part of this work we present different existing probes and general concepts about two‑photon absorption induced fluorescence and second harmonic generation. Secondly, we present our work about the strategy used to create new molecular tools in order to probe, in real time, three important biological local parameters: pH, membrane potential, and microenvironment. The molecular engineering which has been developed allowed synthesis and study of several families of probes that show, besides a large non linear response, a great dependence of their photophysical characteristics to the probed parameter
Chappuit, Lucrezia. "Design, synthèse et évaluation biochimique d’inhibiteurs des ADN Méthyltransférases." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS372.
Full textThis manuscript presents the development of novel DNMT1 (DNA Methyltransferase) inhibi- tors. This enzyme is involved in epigenetic modification of DNA and its deregulation may lead to epigenetic cancers. The first part of this work focused on the design by molecular modeling of new prolino-homo-tryptophan compounds which can interact with both pockets of DNMT1. In a second time, molecular modeling allows us to design several pyrazole compounds as po- tential new DNMT1 inhibitors. Following these studies, all designed compounds were synthe- tized and tested on a recombinant human DNMT1enzyme thanks to a biochemical inhibition test. Biological evaluation bright to light two lead compounds which totally inhibit DNMT1 at high concentration (500 μM)
Bogdan, Niculina Daniela. "Design, synthèse, analyse structurale et réactivité de nouveaux cyclophanes." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES030.
Full textWe reported here the synthesis and the structural analysis of [7. 7]pyridinophanes, [4. 4]cyclophanes diethers and [4. 4]cyclophanes diesters which exhibit 1. 3-dioxanes rings and mono and di ketones. The structural analysis was carried out using X-ray diffractometry, NMR and mass spectrometry. These investigations revealed the conformational behaviour of the molecules. Due to their dynamics the [7. 7]cyclophanes and some of the [4. 4]cyclophanes were considered molecular rotors. The formation of supramolecular aggregates for some of the macrocycle compounds with molecules of solvent, the intra and intermolecular interactions (π-stacking, CH-π and C=O-π) and the formation of the channels which embed (or not) molecules of solvents was also revealed
Aupic, Clara. "Design, synthèse et réactivité de nouvelles plateformes borocationiques chirales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0633.
Full textIn a context of sustainable development, research on new eco-compatible systems has become a necessity in organic synthesis. Nowadays, lots of chemical reactions still require the use of metal complexes. Despite being efficient lots of transition metals are costly and not abundant. Thus, the design of innovating metal-free catalytic systems would permit the development of an economical and environmentally-friendly chemistry. Recently a new class of cationic boron-derived compounds called borenium have been the subject of intensive research. Due to their high lewis acidity, boreniums have proved to perform as catalysts in various reactions. Nevertheless, the lack of stereoselective applications show the need to improve those platforms. In this study, we developped a new class of chiral borocationic compounds starting from chiral cyclic boranes stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes. This work aims to synthesize series of catalysts of which the stereoelectronical properties can be modulated and to study their reactivity through several stereoselective transformations. In the first part, the diastereoselective mono-functionalization of chiral and cyclic NHC-boranes have been achieved, leading to the formation of B-stereogenic compounds. Then, new chiral NHC-boreniums have been synthesized using hydride or halide abstraction strategies. As part of this work, the electrophilic properties of the NHC-borenium have been evaluated by mesuring their lewis acidity. Finally, reactivity of borocations have been explored as catalysts in cycloaddition reactions and hydride-source activation
Aupic, Clara. "Design, synthèse et réactivité de nouvelles plateformes borocationiques chirales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0633.
Full textIn a context of sustainable development, research on new eco-compatible systems has become a necessity in organic synthesis. Nowadays, lots of chemical reactions still require the use of metal complexes. Despite being efficient lots of transition metals are costly and not abundant. Thus, the design of innovating metal-free catalytic systems would permit the development of an economical and environmentally-friendly chemistry. Recently a new class of cationic boron-derived compounds called borenium have been the subject of intensive research. Due to their high lewis acidity, boreniums have proved to perform as catalysts in various reactions. Nevertheless, the lack of stereoselective applications show the need to improve those platforms. In this study, we developped a new class of chiral borocationic compounds starting from chiral cyclic boranes stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes. This work aims to synthesize series of catalysts of which the stereoelectronical properties can be modulated and to study their reactivity through several stereoselective transformations. In the first part, the diastereoselective mono-functionalization of chiral and cyclic NHC-boranes have been achieved, leading to the formation of B-stereogenic compounds. Then, new chiral NHC-boreniums have been synthesized using hydride or halide abstraction strategies. As part of this work, the electrophilic properties of the NHC-borenium have been evaluated by mesuring their lewis acidity. Finally, reactivity of borocations have been explored as catalysts in cycloaddition reactions and hydride-source activation
Girard, Anick. "Design et synthèse d'une chimiothèque de cyclopeptides et d'analogues de la Shepherdine pour l'inhibition de l'interaction HSP90-Survivine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29940/29940.pdf.
Full textChénard, Sylvain. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux modèles de canaux anioniques artificiels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0001/MQ43800.pdf.
Full textProvencher, Marie-Eve. "Design, synthèse et caractérisation de nanostructures peptidiques à visée antimicrobienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26792/26792.pdf.
Full textMany, Véronique. "Synthèse et design de nanorésonateurs optiques actifs dans le visible." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0325.
Full textOver the last decade, the field of self-assembled metamaterials exhibiting unusual properties such as a magnetic response in the visible range represents a challenging and attracting area. Many simulations reported that a dense arrangement of specific plasmonic sub-units called “meta-atoms”, may lead to a material with a negative refractive index. It was reported by computational modelling that a dodecapod clusters made of a central dielectric core and surrounded by a controlled number of satellites (12 satellites, here) with a specific size can exhibited some interesting properties. Here, the purpose was to fabricate such clusters from colloidal particles, which are perfectly symmetrical, made of a silica core and 12 polystyrene nodules. Subsequently, those polystyrene nodules can be dissolved to get silica particles with a specific number of “patches” or “dimples”. Those objects were synthesized in a large quantity. We were able to make those dimples sticky to tiny gold seed of 2-3 nm size and to grow then for a specific size. Optical measurements reported the strong magnetic coupling in-between the plasmonic nanoparticles around the dielectric core. We also reported that growing silver on tiny gold seeds generates stronger magnetic responses than those observed from gold clusters
Yavari, Keihann. "Design et synthèse de phosphahélicènes chiraux. Application en catalyse asymétrique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112276.
Full textIn the first part of the manuscript, we have demonstrated the importance of helicenes by recalling their application fields, thus highlighting the interest of the scientific community to this class of compounds. We have summarized then the main results of our work. Our objective was the synthesis of phosphahelicene where the phosphorus moiety is included in the terminal aromatic ring of the helical framework. Following a photocyclisation approach, we developed a synthetic pathway starting from olefines substituted by1H-phosphindoles. A [2+2] dimerisation reaction between the terminal double bonds of two helicenes was also observed, which led to the first dimers of helicenes reported in the literature. The photocyclisation being highly diastereoselective, we were able to obtain enantiopur phosphahelicenes by using a chiral substituent on the phosphorus atom. We then used dibenzophospholes, as starting materials, instead of 1H-phosphindoles that resulted in the formation of a new series of phosphahelicenes in improved yields. The corresponding phosphahelicenes were used to form gold and iridium complexes. The Au-phosphahelicene complexes were tested in cycloisomerisation reactions of 1,6 aza-enynes and showed good activity but very poor asymmetric induction.To increase the chiral induction, we chose to come back to phosphindoles as a phosphorus core but we improved their design: aryl substituents were added in alpha position to the phosphorus atom. After formation of the new helicenes and their corresponding gold complexes, investigation of their catalytic properties highlighted the correct geometry and structural features needed for a good asymmetric induction.Enantiomeric excesses up to 86% were obtained. This work allowed the design of a new family of efficient gold catalysts for enantioselective cycloisomerisation
Provencher, Marie-Ève. "Design, synthèse et caractérisation de nanostructures peptidiques à visée antimicrobienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21989.
Full textFerry, Angélique. "Design et synthèse stéréocontrôlée d’oligoglycomimétiques de type phostone et hydroxylamine." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112264/document.
Full textThe importance of oligosaccharides in biological processes and particularly β-glucanes and mannanes, gives to these families of biomolecules numerous properties. These natural polymers may find potential applications in many areas, particularly in the case of major public health problems such as cardiovascular disease, cancer or infections.Despite many advances in this field, many challenges remain particularly pertaining to the assembly of higher oligosaccharides. The synthesis of glycomimetics, structurally close to natural sugars and accessible via an efficient chemistry could be an alternative. Inspired by the known glycomimetics, we have elaborated the synthesis of two new mimetics of the anomeric center: cyclic phosphonate (phostone) and hydroxylamine. The phosphonate linkage was chosen because it contains a stereogenic center on the anomeric position, with the possibility to create the two configurations α and β via a stereoselective synthesis. The linkage was built by a stereoselective coupling step between a diastereopure phosphonite-borane and a phostone-type alcohol, followed by a stereospecific oxidation of the phosphonite-borane function into phosphonate. The phosphonite-boranes were obtained in five steps from D-glucal (Scheme 2). The mechanism of the key coupling step involves two successive activations of the phosphorus function for the alcohol attack. Different stereoselectivities were obtained depending on the reaction conditions and the protecting group on the position 2. However, only primary alcohols can be introduced. Three phostone-phostone dimers possessing a (1→6) linkage were synthesized.The choice of the hydroxylamino linkage was motivated by the fact that the nitrogen barrier of inversion in this type of function is low, which means that the nitrogen is not stereogenic. This characteristic avoids a stereoselective synthesis of the anomeric center. Moreover, hydroxylamines being weakly basic, they won’t be protonated in physiological conditions and could be good mimetics of natural glycans. The linkage was built via a double reductive amination between a dialdehyde and a hydroxylamine carried by a polyhydroxylated piperidine. These two compounds were obtained by a diastereo- and enantioselective process from sodium cyclopentadienylide. The combinaison of two Boc protecting groups on the hydroxylamine proved to be the most appropriate for the key double reductive amination. This process consists in a « one-pot » two-steps sequence consisting in the formation of a dioxime, followed by its reduction to form the heterocycle. This process could be successfully reiterated for dimer and trimer synthesis
Qu, Yangyang. "Design, synthèse et caractérisation de dérivés aromatiques et hétérocycliques électrodéficitaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN051/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the design, synthesis and characterization of novel electron-acceptor derivatives. It is focused on the study of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivatives, but also involves the study of benzonitrile derivatives which are the typical precursors for the preparation of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines, and pyridazine derivatives which are the products derived from Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction of tetrazine derivatives. Moreover, 1,2,3,4-thiatriazole derivatives, as unpredicted products from modified Pinner synthesis, are also elaborately investigated. Due to the charge-transfer (CT) states introduced in the donor-acceptor system, the prepared electron-acceptor derivatives exhibit interesting photophysical and electrochemical properties, and therefore are of particular interest in organic electronics.The highlight of this thesis is the development of synthetic methodologies in each chapter. To sum up, Chapter 2 demonstrates a novel metal-free synthetic approach to 3-monosubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazines, which are highly useful for bioorthogonal click chemistry. Chapter 3 describes an elaborative synthetic strategy for novel donor-acceptor benzonitrile derivatives which exhibit TADF, AIE and mechanochromism. Chapter 4 presents a detailed study of Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction as an important synthetic methodology in the synthesis of tetrazine molecules. Chapter 5 described the study of IEDDA reaction as a useful synthetic tool to prepare pyridazine derivatves. Chapter 6 presented a novel convenient one-pot synthesis of 1,2,3,4-thiatriazoles directly from nitrile compounds
Pierrot, David. "Etude de nouveaux agents antipaludiques innovants : design, synthèse et bioactivité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4365.
Full textSpeciophyllin (or Uncarine D) is a natural product extracted from the endemic African plant Mitragyna inermis. It is active against Plasmodium falciparum’s chloroquine-resistant strain W2 which is one of the malaria responsible parasites. Speciophyllin’s action pathway remains unknown and more important amounts that cannot be provided by plant extraction are required to go on with the biologic activity studies. The aims of this work were to develop an enantioselective synthetic methodology to access speciophyllin’s spiranic core to be able to achieve its total synthesis. Through substructures synthesis and antiplasmodial activity evaluation we could study speciophyllin’s pharmacophore
Pierrot, David. "Etude de nouveaux agents antipaludiques innovants : design, synthèse et bioactivité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4365.
Full textSpeciophyllin (or Uncarine D) is a natural product extracted from the endemic African plant Mitragyna inermis. It is active against Plasmodium falciparum’s chloroquine-resistant strain W2 which is one of the malaria responsible parasites. Speciophyllin’s action pathway remains unknown and more important amounts that cannot be provided by plant extraction are required to go on with the biologic activity studies. The aims of this work were to develop an enantioselective synthetic methodology to access speciophyllin’s spiranic core to be able to achieve its total synthesis. Through substructures synthesis and antiplasmodial activity evaluation we could study speciophyllin’s pharmacophore
Mnasri, Taha. "Synthèse enzymatique de lysophosphatidylcholines." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1017.
Full textThe Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), amphiphilic molecules, can act as a carrier for fatty acids of interest. These molecules can be synthesized enzymatically. This work aims to synthesize LPCs containing mono or poly unsaturated fatty acids enzymatically. Sn-3-glycerophosphatidylcholine (GPC), oleic acid (C18: 1, 9ω), linoleic acid (C18: 2, 6ω) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6, 3ω) were used as substrates. These syntheses were performed by esterification without solvent using an immobilized lipase. From kinetic point of view, optimization of conditions for synthesis of oleoyl-LPC was carried out by studying each factor independently. The obtained optimal conditions are : Lipozyme RM-IM (10% w/w), a molar ratio of 20 (oleic acid / GPC), neither addition or elimination of water was applied to the reaction mixture, a temperature at 50° C and stirring at 750rpm. These conditions allow to obtain 75% oleoyl-LPC within 24 hours. The oleoyl-LPC was purified on a silica cartridge and analyzed by MS to confirm its identity. The optimization of linoleoyl-LPC synthesis was made using a design of experiments. This is an approach that can simultaneously vary the parameters studied. Among the 17 combinations studied, one combination allows to obtain 93% of linoleoyl-LPC in 6 hours. This result was confirmed by repeating this manipulation 4 times. Like oleoyl-LPC linoleoyl-LPC was purified and characterized by MS. Preliminary trials have shown that the syntheis of DHA-LPC is feasible. 30% of DHA-LPC was obtained after 72h of reaction. Finally, it should be noted that the produced amount of di-acyl-PC is always low compared to that of the acyl-LPC. This latter is explained by a low appearance of the phenomenon of acyl migration
Skarbek, Charles. "Synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique d’analogues préactivés de l’ifosfamide : prodrogues et nanoparticules à visée antitumorale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS247/document.
Full textIfosfamide (IFO) and cyclophosphamide (CPM) are oxazaphosphorines, prodrugs requiring bioactivation to be active. Regarding IFO, its biotransformation leads to a low release of the active hydroxylated compound with associated toxic side effects. Preactivated IFO analogs with saturated or unsaturated C1-C30 chains have been developed to circumvent these toxicities related to the toxicogenic pathway of metabolism. As part of IFO's pharmaco-modulation strategy, the cytotoxic evaluation of these compounds, synthesized by engraftment of poly-isoprenyloxy chains, was carried out in vitro on human cancer cell lines. In vivo study of the lead shows the better pharmacokinetic profile of Geranyloxy-IFO compared to IFO. These analogs were then vectorized as nanosystems, either by self-assembly or by lipidic encapsulation leading to 1st generation nanosystems. They are still under investigation in order to bring specificity by passive or active targeting.Furthermore, CPM is known for having an activity on the immune system at low dose. Due to the structural proximity of IFO and CPM, we fulfilled studies to highlight the effect of IFO on the immune system at low dose in comparison to the immunomodulatory dose of CPM.The combination of these two strategies (preactivation & immunomodulatory effect) could lead to the development of novel derivatives showing an antitumor synergy of the antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects of these oxazaphosphorines
Hueber, Damien. "Design, synthèse et application de nouveaux catalyseurs d'or (I) et d'or (III)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF015/document.
Full textIn organic synthesis, the research of new catalysts is an essential issue to improve reactional conditions and to discover new reactions, especially in gold chemistry. To contribute to this development, we were interested in the nature of the counter-ion, which impact the reactivity of the gold catalyst, with the polyoxometalates. These polyanions, thanks to their nature, allowed to obtain new efficient, polyvalent, multi-functional and heterogeneous catalysts, which could be applied to a wide scope of gold catalyzed reactions.We also studied another essential parameter of the composition of gold catalysts: the ligand. We focused our attention on the N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), whose modularity of their electronic and steric properties confer important activities to gold catalysts. Thus we developed different kind of NHC, by functionalizing them so they can be involved in the reactivity, or by attributing them very bulky groups to influence the reactivity and selectivity
Misdariis, Nicolas. "Synthèse - Reproduction - Perception des Sons Instrumentaux et Environnementaux : Application au Design Sonore." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0955/document.
Full textThis dissertation presents a composition of studies and research works articulated around three main topics : synthesis, reproduction and perception of sounds, considering both musical and environmental sounds. Moreover, it focuses on an application field, the sound design, that globally involves the conception of intentional everyday sounds. The document is based on a rather uniform structure and contains, for each part, a general presentation of the topic which brings theoretical elements together with an overview of the state-of-the-art, followed by more precise developments in order to focus on the specific matters related to each topic – in detail, modal formalism in sound synthesis by physical modeling, for the "Synthesis" section ; measurement and control of musical instruments directivity, for the "Reproduction" section ; timbre and sound sources identification, for the "Perception" section – and then followed by a detailed presentation of the personal works related to each matter, in some cases, in the form of published papers. Then, these several elements of knowledge and experience offer a personal and original contribution, deliberately put in a broad, multidisciplinary and applied framework
Arseneault, Mathieu. "Nouvelles méthodologies pour le design et la synthèse de nano-objets dendritiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29347/29347.pdf.
Full textRacine-Berthiaume, Charles. "Design, synthèse et caractérisation de nouvelles nanostructures peptidiques pour la détection protéique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30306/30306.pdf.
Full textThis manuscript reports our results in the design, synthesis and characterization of novel helical peptide nanostructures to be used for the detection of proteins. The work is divided in two parts. The first part deals with the synthesis of peptide-based nanotransducers used for the functionalization AFM tips to perform single molecule recognition force spectroscopy. The second part reports the synthesis of peptide-based artificiel ion channels to be used as sensing elements in fluorescence protein detection assays. A special emphasis is put on our synthetic efforts leading to the terminal functionalization of peptides with glycosidic species for use as a protein recognition elements using a copper catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition coupling.
Blanchette, Jean-Philippe. "Design et synthèse de peptides macrocycliques pour le développement de nanopores moléculaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25320/25320.pdf.
Full textVézina-Dawod, Simon. "Design, synthèse et criblage de chimiothèques peptidomimétiques pour la découverte d'agents antinéoplasiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28267.
Full textTargeting protein-protein interactions represents an innovative and under-exploited therapeutic approach by the pharmaceutical industry and biomedical research. Because of their physicochemical nature, protein-protein interactions represent a major challenge for conventional screening methods with small molecule libraries. Indeed, the chemical space covered by the molecular structures found in the available libraries is poorly adapted to the reality of protein-protein interactions. In order to develop privileged and better adapted structures, the medicinal chemist must understand the nature of these interactions and move away from the traditional dogma of the so-called drug-like molecules. Peptides are excellent candidates for studying these interactions, nevertheless their pharmacological properties are generally disappointing in vivo. Peptidomimetism is then a more than relevant concept to combine the selectivity and efficiency of interaction against proteins with the concepts of bioavailability and metabolic stability. Many peptidomimetic platforms are available or emerging, and several major challenges are on the horizon. Indeed, the incorporation of a large molecular diversity and the adaptation of these platforms with the high throughput biological screening methods are only a few examples of the challenges that chemists and biochemists will have to meet. This work deals with the development and exploitation of different peptidomimetic molecular diversities, either macrocyclic or heterocyclic, but which serve the same purpose: to exploit privileged structures to discover new modulators of protein-protein interactions or simply innovative bioactive agents with advantageous pharmacological properties.
Florian, Maria Carmen. "Design, synthèse et analyse structurale de nouvelles molécules hôtes : Macrocycles et cyclophanes." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES034.
Full textIn the first part, we reported the synthesis of new dispiro-1. 3-dioxane compounds as syn and anti isomers. The synthesis of new macromolecules embedding semiflexible dispiro-1. 3-dioxane units was performed by high-dilution technique and using the template effect. The design of these macrocyclic compounds is based on the stereochemistry of the precursors which show a favourable pre-organization for the incorporation in macrocycle systems. In the second part, we reported the synthesis and the stereochemistry of new 1. 3. 5-triacetylbenzene derivatives and the attempts to obtain new “cage” molecules from these derivatives
Chardin, Charline. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux sels organiques pour le développement de polyélectrolytes." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC278/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 21th century, Ionic liquids (ILs) have been an important source of innovation in chemical academic and industrial research because they can be synthesized, modulated and used then in many applications. Because of their advantages, ILs are of great interest in the field of polymer materials. Thus, this work describes the synthesis of original organic salts to develop innovative polyelectrolytes. For this, we have developed new routes to access to imidazolium salts functionalized by reactive epoxide functions thanks to the development of an effective and flexible oxidative methodology, feasible on a large scale. The thermal analysis of this salts revealed a very good thermal stability up to 400°C and a low glass transition temperature between -60 °C and -26 °C generally. Following these results, the study was extended to anions to provide epoxides associated with novel sulfonimides. During this second phase, the insertion of epoxide functions on the sulfonimide anion was successfully carried out allowing access to different prepolymers such as a triepoxide cation/anion. In a second part, we carried out a mechanistic study using a monoepoxide salt in the presence of different amines to identify the main active sites during the polymerization. According to this information, we have confirmed the stability of the imidazolium and the very good reactivity of the epoxide with various amines leading to a better understanding of the overall architecture of the network. From this work, a novel epoxy network was prepared in collaboration with the polymer materials engineering laboratory (IMP) of INSA of Lyon. For this, a diepoxide salt was selected and copolymerized in the presence of a diamine hardener (Jeffamine D230) in order to design flexible epoxy/amine networks having very interesting properties in comparison with conventional epoxy networks
Vo, Duc Duy. "Design, synthèse et évaluation de l'activité biologique d'analogues de polyphénols biaryliques bioactifs." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S076.
Full textThis thesis is a part of the medicinal chemistry programme developed in the laboratory. Our first goal is the research of new inhibitors of Bcl-2 protein, compounds which are apoptosis inducers for cancer cells. We have designed new carbo- and heterocyclic compounds – analogs of bioactive biarylic polyphenol (gossypol and Wang���s compound). Chapters 1, 2 and 3 describe synthetic and biological results obtained for this cancer part, where new hits have been discovered and first structure activity relationships have been established. The second goal is the synthesis of new small molecules with neurotrophic properties, ie able to induce neuronal cell growth. Such derivatives could be of use for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, Huntington. Therefore, we have designed new carbo- and heterocyclic compounds, analogs of bioactive biarylic polyphenol (honokiol and magnolol). The results are described in chapter 4. A complete series of 24 honokiol analogs, as well as a first series of magnolol analogs have been prepared. First biological results in serie of honokiol analogs showed that our compounds were, at best, weakly active compared to honokiol
Chou, Yajie. "Complexes de palladium-NHC atropisomériques : design, synthèse et applications en catalyse asymétriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDM0012.
Full textThe performances of palladium-based catalysts in various cross-coupling reactions have attracted an ever-growing attention since the seventies and the development of enantioselective versions was the subject of intensive research. In this field, monodentate auxiliary N-heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) ligands possessing robust σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting properties confer to the metal excellent reactivities. NHCs ligands are referred as smart ligands, because their electronic and steric properties can be finely tuned to specific catalytic transformations. Therefore, chiral NHC-Pd complexes are a class of chiral catalysts that have developed rapidly in the recent decades. Nevertheless, new catalysts with enhanced reactivity and enantioselectivities are required as only few applications are actually developed in the industry. The goal of my Ph.D. was the investigated of a new design of chiral NHC-Pd complexes and their application to explore new catalytic transformations. The first chapter is focused on carbene chemistry as ligands of transition metals with main achievements reported in the literature. Chemical properties of NHCs have been also reviewed. In this chapter, the different designs of chiral NHC ligands for palladium-based catalysis reported in the literature as well as their applications in enantioselective catalysis have been also surveyed. Finally, previous studies on chiral NHC-palladium complexes in our laboratory are presented in order to define the objectives and issues of my Ph.D. work. In the second chapter of this manuscript, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the catalysts developed in our group, with the goal of simplifying the synthesis steps and improving the catalytic activity. As a result, some novel NHC-Pd complexes with axial chirality were designed and synthesized by known synthetic methods. The synthesized C2-symmetric NHC-Pd complexes were first attempted to separate diastereomers by silica gel column chromatography to remove meso compounds. Subsequently, heterochiral complexes were resolved in enantiomerically pure form by preparative-scale chiral HPLC. Finally, the catalytic reactivity and enantiomeric inductions of these highly enantiomerically pure chiral NHC-Pd catalysts were evaluated in the benchmark reaction: α-amide arylation of amides. Up to good chiral inductions were reached.In the third chapter, novel palladium-catalyzed transformations were investigated and developed with the new chiral Pd-NHC complexes previously established in the laboratory. After the optimization of reaction conditions and the screening of several catalysts, we found that these new catalysts can achieve good chiral induction in the α-arylation of ketones. We also tried NHC-Pd catalyzed hydrogenation, although the reaction did not lead to noticeable results. Kumada coupling reactions were also studied to synthesize planar-chiral metacyclophanes. Various chiral metacyclophanes have been prepared and their configurational stabilities have been investigated. Finally, optimal reaction conditions have been identified allowing to carry this asymmetric reaction with good results in terms of both reactivity and enantioselectivity
Swirk, Katarzyna. "Design of new catalysts for chemical CO2 utilization." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS367.
Full textReforming of methane, belonging to the Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies, is considered an attractive route for syngas production. Double-layered hydroxides (DLHs) with Ni, Al2O3, MgO components were reported to have promising properties. Promotion with yttrium, zirconium or cerium also positively influence the catalytic performance. Thus, the goal of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the catalytic behavior of Ni/Mg/Al DLHs promoted with Y, and Zr or Ce in dry reforming of methane (DRM), partial oxidation of methane (POM), partial oxidation combined with methane reforming (CRPOM), and tri-reforming of methane (TRM). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XRF, N2 sorption, TPR-H2, TPD-CO2, H2 chemisorption, TEM, HRTEM, TGA and Raman spectroscopy and tested in TPSR from 600 to 850°C, and at 700°C for 5h. In DRM, the Y promotion increased Ni dispersion and SBET, especially with 2 wt.%. Zr and Y co-impregnation resulted in the YSZ phase formation leading to better stability. The Zr and Y introduction during co-precipitation step increased the Ni dispersion and the total basicity, similarly as for Ce and Y promoted materials. In the oxidative reforming, HTNi and HTNi-Y2.0 were tested. In POM, both were active and stable with H2/CO≈2.0. CRPOM tests showed higher CH4 conversion, but lower for CO2 as compared to DRM. Addition of O2 in the gas feed greatly contributed to the C removal. The carbon formation was inhibited when CO2/H2O=1 during TRM tests. However, with CO2/H2O=0.5, a high amount of C was formed, and the structural stability of Y-catalyst was negatively influenced as periclase was transformed into hydroxides
Tiger, Guillaume. "Synthèse sonore d'ambiances urbaines pour les applications vidéoludiques." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0968/document.
Full textIn video gaming and interactive media, the making of complex sound ambiences relies heavily on the allowed memory and computational resources. So a compromise solution is necessary regarding the choice of audio material and its treatment in order to reach immersive and credible real-time ambiences. Alternatively, the use of procedural audio techniques, i.e. the generation of audio content relatively to the data provided by the virtual scene, has increased in recent years. Procedural methodologies seem appropriate to sonify complex environments such as virtual cities.In this thesis we specifically focus on the creation of interactive urban sound ambiences. Our analysis of these ambiences is based on the Soundscape theory and on a state of art on game oriented urban interactive applications. We infer that the virtual urban soundscape is made of several perceptive auditory grounds including a background. As a first contribution we define the morphological and narrative properties of such a background. We then consider the urban background sound as a texture and propose, as a second contribution, to pinpoint, specify and prototype a granular synthesis tool dedicated to interactive urban sound backgrounds.The synthesizer prototype is created using the visual programming language Pure Data. On the basis of our state of the art, we include an urban ambiences recording methodology to feed the granular synthesis. Finally, two validation steps regarding the prototype are described: the integration to the virtual city simulation Terra Dynamica on the one side and a perceptive listening comparison test on the other
Vézina-Dawod, Simon. "Design et synthèse de macrocycles pseudopeptidiques pour le développement d'inhibiteurs d'interactions protéine-protéine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26046.
Full textLamotte, Yann. "Design, synthèse et évaluation biologique de mimes du paclitaxel dérivés de la proline." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066608/document.
Full textAmong the many therapeutic agents used in oncology, paclitaxel (Taxol®) is probably the one that generated the most interest. It is used clinically for the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers and acts as a mitotic spindle poison by promoting the assembly of tubulin into microtubules and stabilizing the polymer formed. Initially extracted from the Pacific yew (Taxus Brevifolia) and obtained by semi-synthesis from 10-deacetylbaccatin III, it is now produced by a biotechnological process of cell plant fermentation. Paclitaxel has a complex chemical structure based on a tetracyclic taxane skeleton. A process to replace the taxane skeleton with a simpler chemical structure was undertaken to identify paclitaxel mimics. The identification of a chemical fragment (fragment based drug design) derived from proline by a molecular modeling study has led to the design of a new series of paclitaxel mimics. Meanwhile, replacing the taxane skeleton by a cyclic peptide scaffold using proline derivatives was performed. Molecular modeling studies, synthesis of paclitaxel mimics and biological evaluation will be presented
Allard, Nicolas. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux polymères pi-conjugués et optimisation de dispositifs photovoltaïques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25936.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and the study of a new family of π-conjugated polymers based on the thieno[3,4-d]thiazole (TTz) moiety for their applications in photovoltaic devices. Complementary to this study, we also investiguated the scope of a new polymerization reaction, the direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP). First of all, a first series of conjugated polymers was synthesized by using the TTz moiety in combination with the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophène (BDT) moiety as comonomer. The optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic characterization of those polymers led to interesting results regarding eventual applications in photovoltaic devices. Then, the study focused on the effet of the addition of aromatic lateral groups on the TTz moiety and the utilization of diffent electron-poor or electron-rich moieties as comonomers on the polymer optical and electrochemical properties. Even though a large diversity of optical and electrochemical properties were obtained, most polymers were not good candidate for photovoltaic applications. Then the study focuses on the firsts polymers synthesized based on the BDT and the TTz moieties. From this polymer structure, we develop a new series of polymers of the same family by adding thiophene spacers between the two comonomers and by using different alkyl chain at different positions in the optic to modify the morphologie obtained once the active layer is formed in the photovoltaic device. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated from those six polymers and, by a systematic optimization process, efficiencies reaching 4.89 % have been obtained with the polymer TTz-19. Finally, during this work, a new polymerization method allowing the reduction synthetic steps for the fabrication of polymers have been used. Following studies already started in our group, we investiguated the scope of the reaction by using two new electron-poor unit never used in DHAP, the furo[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (FPD) and the selenopheno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (SePD). This study showed that the DHAP reaction can be easily and efficiently applied to those two new electron-poor moities to obtain polymers with high yields and high molecular weights.
Bédard, François. "Design, synthèse et étude structure-activité d’analogues synthétiques du peptide antimicrobien Microcine J25." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25864.
Full textThe increasing and alarming spread of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria have become an important public health problem. To overcome this worrying situation, there is a growing need for new antimicrobial agents with innovative modes of action. The vast majority of bacterial species use peptides to defend and protect themselves against other microorganisms in their environment. These antimicrobial peptides possess a wide range of activity spectra and modes of action and are a very good source to discover and develop effective antimicrobial agents. The objective of this project was to design and synthesize analogues of the antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 to perform structure-activity studies for a better understanding of its modes of action. As the microcin J25 has a particular lasso structure that is extremely difficult to replicate synthetically, the strategy was to design by computational approach analogues capable of mimicking the microcin J25’s structure without the lasso topology. After synthesis, these analogs were used in a structure-activity study to better understand the impact of the structure on the mode of action and identify parts of the microcin J25 that are involved in the transport and interactions with bacterial targets.
Zoete, Vincent. "Design, synthèse et étude des propriétés antooxydantes de 4-mercaptoimidazoles dérivés des ovothiols." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-167.pdf.
Full textDaveau, Jean-Marc. "Spécifications systèmes et synthèse de la communication pour le co-design logiciel/matériel." Grenoble INPG, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002996.
Full textAs the system complexity grows there is a need for new methods to handle large system design. One way to manage that complexity is to rise the level of abstraction of the specifications by using system level description languages. On the other side, as the level of abstraction rise the gap between the concepts used for the specification at the system level (communication channels, interacting processes, data types) and those used for hardware synthesis becomes wider. Although these languages are well suited for the specification and validation of complex real time distributed systems, the concepts manipulated are not easy to map onto hardware description languages. It is thus necessary to defines methods for system level synthesis enabling efficient synthesis from system level specifications. The subject of this thesis is the presentation of a new approach of generation of C and VHDL code from system level specifications in SDL. This approach solves the main problem encountered by previous approach : inter process communications. SDL communication can be translated in VHDL for synthesis. This is achieved by the use of a powerful intermediate form that support the modelling for synthesis of a wide range of communication schemes. This intermediate form allows to apply to the system a set of transformations in order to obtain the desired solution. The main refinement step, called communication synthesis is aimed at fixing the protocol and interface used by the different processes to communicate. The refined specification can be translated in C and VHDL and synthesised by commercial tools. We illustrate the feasibility of this approach through an application to a telecommunication example : the TCP/IP over ATM protocol
Tiger, Guillaume. "Synthèse sonore d'ambiances urbaines pour les applications vidéoludiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0968.
Full textIn video gaming and interactive media, the making of complex sound ambiences relies heavily on the allowed memory and computational resources. So a compromise solution is necessary regarding the choice of audio material and its treatment in order to reach immersive and credible real-time ambiences. Alternatively, the use of procedural audio techniques, i.e. the generation of audio content relatively to the data provided by the virtual scene, has increased in recent years. Procedural methodologies seem appropriate to sonify complex environments such as virtual cities.In this thesis we specifically focus on the creation of interactive urban sound ambiences. Our analysis of these ambiences is based on the Soundscape theory and on a state of art on game oriented urban interactive applications. We infer that the virtual urban soundscape is made of several perceptive auditory grounds including a background. As a first contribution we define the morphological and narrative properties of such a background. We then consider the urban background sound as a texture and propose, as a second contribution, to pinpoint, specify and prototype a granular synthesis tool dedicated to interactive urban sound backgrounds.The synthesizer prototype is created using the visual programming language Pure Data. On the basis of our state of the art, we include an urban ambiences recording methodology to feed the granular synthesis. Finally, two validation steps regarding the prototype are described: the integration to the virtual city simulation Terra Dynamica on the one side and a perceptive listening comparison test on the other
Prost-Boucle, Adrien. "Génération rapide d'accélerateurs matériels par synthèse d'architecture sous contraintes de ressources." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT039/document.
Full textIn the field of high-performance computing, FPGA circuits are very attractive for their performance and low consumption. However, their presence is still marginal, mainly because of the limitations of current development tools. These limitations force the user to have expert knowledge about numerous technical concepts. They also have to manually control the synthesis processes in order to obtain solutions both fast and that fulfill the hardware constraints of the targeted platforms.A novel generation methodology based on high-level synthesis is proposed in order to push these limits back. The design space exploration consists in the iterative application of transformations to an initial circuit, which progressively increases its rapidity and its resource consumption. The rapidity of this process, along with its convergence under resource constraints, are thus guaranteed. The exploration is also guided towards the most pertinent solutions thanks to the detection of the most critical sections of the applications to synthesize, for the targeted execution context. This information can be refined with an execution scenarion specified by the user.A demonstration tool for this methodology, AUGH, has been built. Experiments have been conducted with several applications known in the field of high-level synthesis. Of very differen sizes, these applications confirm the pertinence of the proposed methodology for fast and automatic generation of complex hardware accelerators, under strict resource constraints. The proposed methodology is very close to the compilation process for microprocessors, which enable it to be used even by users non experts about digital circuit design. These works constitute a significant progress for a broader adoption of FPGA as general-purpose hardware accelerators, in order to make computing machines both faster and more energy-saving
Toybou, Djadidi. "Nanofils d'argent à dimensions maîtrisées : synthèse, toxicité et fabrication d'électrodes transparentes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU039/document.
Full textThe market for flexible transparent optoelectronic devices (displays, touch screens, solar cells, etc.) is expanding rapidly. Traditionally indium tin oxide (ITO) is used as a transparent conductive layer material, but its high mechanical fragility coupled with an uncertain future availability of indium (material classified as critical by the European Commission) requires alternatives material to be found. Metal nanowires, especially silver-based, are among the most advanced developments with excellent optoelectronic performances, as well as simple processing and printing techniques compatible with flexible substrates. At the dawn of a probable massive use of this nanomaterial, questions are emerging regarding to their potential toxicity, in particular because of their shape factor reminiscent of that of asbestos. This thesis is based on three axes: synthesis, properties and toxicity. The optimization of the polyol process for the synthesis of silver nanowires led to the independent control of dimensions (diameter and length). The determination of the optoelectronic performances allowed to determine the targeted performances, by identifying the morphologies adapted to each field of application. Since dermal contact and inhalation were identified as the main routes of exposure for silver nanowires during their implementation, toxicity studies on fibroblasts and macrophages were conducted. This allowed the identification of different biological mechanisms according to nanowire morphology but also according to cell type. These nanowires appear to have a low toxicity, especially when compared to other known nanomaterials. This "safer by design" approach makes possible to orient the selection of the safer nanowires according to the required performances of targeted application
Ding, Hong. "Synthèse architecturale interactive et flexible." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0053.
Full textThis thesis presents an interactive High Level Synthesis environment called AMICAL. The synthesis process is decomposed into a set of refinement steps. The user can execute these steps automatically, manually or in interactive mode when needed. The synthesis scheme is flexible; it allows several architectural models for the generated data-path ( bus model, multiplexer model) and controller (hardwired, programmable). The main issues developed in this thesis are: The models and steps used for refinements in a synthesis process. Several architectural models are defined for bridging gap between two synthesis steps. The interactive synthesis model. It includes a performance model allowing to estimate the synthesized results, and allows the designer to be a real actor of the synthesis process. The generation of different architectures and their algorithm issues. These architectures are usable as inputs for lower synthesis tools
Aichouchi, Mohamed. "Étude des liens entre la synthèse architecturale et la synthèse au niveau transfert de registres." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0047.
Full textFasse, Isabelle. "Simulation d'illumination d'édifices architecturaux en image de synthèse : expérimentations." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10148.
Full textThe lighting design of interior or exterior architectural buildings or urban spaces in general, is a recent activity that nowadays undergoes profound changes from the conception to the realization. In this work, it is shown that computer aided simulations of the principals of light propagation as well as their visualization by image systhesis can provide precious support to lighting design. In particular, the novelty of this PhD work is two fold: - First, for an application point of view. The lighting design of the "Cour Carrée du Louvre" was the first project in its kind where a new lighting concept and a unique technology were invented and simulated before the in-situ realization. Through this application, it is shown how complex a lighting design can be, not only for a technical point of view by also for an architectural point of view. - Second, from an engineering point of view. Part of this work, contributed to the developpement of the first image systhesis software with which several lighting concepts were tested. The theorical background upon which this software is based as well as its functionalities are described
Pichavant, Loïc. "Design, synthèse et réactivité de monomères issus de ressources renouvelables pour la polymérisation radicalaire." Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001124.pdf.
Full textThe use of biomass as a source of renewable raw material is an economically and environmentally promising alternative for new synthetic polymers. Numerous ways are possible for the same. These ways shall be explored and evaluated in detail in order to retain the most relevant options. The synthesis of vinyl and allyl ether monomers from carbohydrates has been proposed to upgrade agro-resources. The knowledge on the reactivity of simple models is essential for designing new nonconventional monomers. To begin with the study of monofunctional monomers in a photoinitiated donor-acceptor radical copolymerization was performed by using simple alkylated monomers. This was followed by gradually modifying the structure of these monomers to study the corresponding sugar derivatives. The good reactivity of these chemical moeties and the relationship between the structure and reactivity has been demonstrated. An increased copolymerization rate due to presence of physical interactions was also observed. The copolymers thus obtained, have been characterized in terms of their microstructure (i. E. Composition, chaining, chain-endings) to investigate the reaction mechanisms. A good knowledge of the reactivity of these models allowed the study of the reactivity of the polyfunctional allyl monomers and obtains organic materials by formation of threedimensional networks. Physical properties of these materials have been characterized and the results are promising to enable their role in possible applications
Paunescu, Emilia. "Design, synthèse, analyse structurale et activité antipaludique des nouveaux analogues de l'amodiaquine et l'amopyroquine." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S013.
Full textBoyer, Aurélie. "Design de nouveaux synthons dérivés de l'acide oléique : application à la synthèse de polyuréthanes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14168/document.
Full textAbstract
Sodreau, Alexandre. "Design de précurseurs organométalliques et synthèse contrôlée de nano-objets de germaniure de fer." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30290/document.
Full textControlled synthesis of nano-alloys of iron germanide has gained a renewed interest thanks to the recent discovery of new applications in the field of information storage. However, the chemistry of the iron-germanium pair is a complex chemistry that remains little studied. The work presented in this thesis combines molecular chemistry and nano-object chemistry to explore the potential of single-source precursors for solution synthesis, in soft conditions, of iron germanium NPs. First, we focused on the formation of new complexes with an amidinatogermylene-type architecture offering a balance between the stabilization of complexes and their decomposition temperatures, for example mono-germylene iron complexes {[iPrNC(tBu)NiPr]GeCl}Fe(CO)4 and {[iPrNC(tBu)NiPr]GeHMDS}Fe(CO)4 or the bis-germylene iron complex {[iPrNC(tBu)NiPr]GeCl}2Fe(CO)3. In a second step, we show that this method represents a path of choice to reach the formation of nano-alloys of iron germanide and that the architecture of the mono-source precursors allows to control the final nanoparticles. In particular, the decomposition at 200°C. of the {[iPrNC(tBu)NiPr]GeHMDS}Fe(CO)4 complex leads to the formation of Fe3,2Ge2 spherical nanoparticles, with a mean diameter of 6.5 ± 0.8 nm, exhibiting a ferromagnetic behavior
Savchuk, Mariia. "Complexes atropisomériques d'or-NHC : design, synthèse et applications dans des réactions de cycloisomérisation asymétriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0571.
Full textThe first chapter of this manuscript is dedicated to survey the design of chiral NHC and their applications as ligand in gold-catalyzed enantioselective transformations. This presentation clearly showed the importance of new ligand designs, because only poor enantioselectivities have been reached up to date. A new concept of atroipsomeric transition metal-NHC complexes has been devised and developed in our group. Its application to prepare chiral transition metal complexes bearing C1-symmetric NHC ligand containing a satured backbone was investigated during my Ph.D. work and will be presented in the second chapter. Various chiral complexes were obtained, separated by chiral HPLC at preparative scale and their configurational stabilities were investigated in depth. The gold (I) containing complex was tried in the 1,6-enyne cycloisomerization, giving a promissing enantioselectivity (70% ee). In the third chapter of this manuscript, the concept of atroipsomeric transition metal-NHC complexes was extended to C2-symmetric NHC ligands and applied to the asymmetric Au(I)-catalyzed transformations. Diisopropyl malonate-tethered 1,6-enynes were identified as excellent substrates for cycloisomerization reactions and resulting alkoxycyclization products were isolated with excellent enantiopurities (7 examples with 51-92% yield, 56-99% ee). The cyclization without external nucleophiles led also to excellent results a (6 examples with 72-99% yield, 86-93% ee)
Cuny, Fabien. "Synthèse d'observateurs et développement de capteurs intelligents pour la maintenance prédictive." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC212.
Full textThis thesis is part of the CIFRE agreement between the company Robert Bosch and the University of Caen Normandy in the laboratory GREYC then LAC. It consists of two parts, one which is of a fundamental nature and concerns the synthesis of observers. For the other part, it is more applied and concerns the implementation of a sensors network and ensure the routing of information from them. This is done through the network, whether wired or wireless.In the first part of the study, we looked at a fairly general class of time-varying and affine systems as they are, whose output is measured with a delay and sampled. The novelty in this class of systems is twofold:(i) the state equation is subject to an output signal injection and is therefore dependent on future outputs that are unavailable;(ii) future outputs occur at the state equation not only in the usual form of a stateindependent function, but also through the state matrix itself, which fact, appears as an unknown quantity of the model.These two novelties of the model cause in fact the loss of the "affine in the state" character of this last one, and make that one is confronted with a synthesis problem of observers never resolved previously. The solution we propose is a "Kalman filter" type observer augmented by an inter-sample predictor and saturation operators. We analyze the exponential stability of the state estimation error system by using the small gain theorem and tools of Lyapunov stability. The analysis highlights the existence of eligibility intervals in which the allowable values of the delay and the sampling period must be located in order to ensure the exponential convergence of the observer.In the second part, we are interested in predictive maintenance through practical applications via the installation of a sensor network. The purpose of this network is to perform predictive maintenance on sensitive equipment. The latter is an essential component for the implementation of IoT and Industry 4.0 applications.The purpose of this sensor network is to perform predictive maintenance on sensitive equipment. The latter is an essential component for the implementation of IoT and Industry 4.0 applications. Moreover, an observer of sampled data for affine systems in the state with output injection was studied on the basis of observers.Applications of IoT and Industry 4.0 on the Robert Bosch site in Mondeville are discussed as well as the development of a network disturbance simulator to stress the robustness of the communication of a sensor to a client
Jullien, Eva. "Design de dérivés de s-tétrazines à haut potentiel de réduction." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0026/document.
Full textThis Ph-D work focuses on the design and study of novel s- tetrazine derivatives, with a high reduction potential for pollutant detection by fluorescence quenching. The first part of this thesis describes the different physico -chemical and electrochemical phenomena that have been studied during these three years, reported on new compounds derived from s- tetrazine core, whose properties are presented in Chapter 2 of the first part. The second part presents the influence of substituents on the intrinsic properties of s-tetrazine through the synthesis of new tetrazine derivatives functionalized by sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen substituants and electrochemical and spectroscopic studies. Applications of tetrazine derivatives are developed in the last part especially the detection of electron rich pollutants, such as benzene derivatives and bisphenol A, by fluorescence quenching. Furthermore, s-tetrazine derivatives have been grafted on the surface of silica nanoparticles of monodisperse size, previously synthesized by the Stöber method. The ability of the tetrazine ring to keep its properties once immobilized on the surface of the nanoparticle have been studied and optimized. This may allow the design of a solid sensing device capable of detecting electron rich pollutants