Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Design and construction – Europe'
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Strike, Antony John. "Academic staff's career pathway design in English pre-1992 universities : contemporary evolution or systematic de-construction of Homo Academicus?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72564/.
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In twenty-first century England, the emerging knowledge economy requires educated workers and the creation of new knowledge to fuel economic growth. The extension of opportunities in higher education is critical to social equity. Pressures of marketisation, massification and globalisation add to an agenda for change. For Universities to succeed in this pressurised environment, the response of academic staff – the most important resource in any institution – is critical. Against this background, there has been an emphasis from policy bodies and Universities on the need to improve the management of human resources. This research intended to describe what new academic career models were emerging, using field research through case studies. The research sought to examine a sample of higher education institutions’ promotion procedures and interview the authors of those documents. Having understood the formal context, examine through interviews the social reality of academics following careers in higher education. Using this inductive data, it was intended to generate possible career models to extrapolate, deductively using a survey questionnaire, to all English pre-1992 universities, the usage of the emergent models. Finally, explanations were sought for the models using statistical analysis, including secondary data. It was found that academic career models were localised, diversified and inclusive; differentially recognising variant contributions through new career routes. These career paths seemed to provide educationalists and researchers an opportunity to participate on equal terms with those following traditional careers. This conclusion seemed attractive as it recognised the changes observed and viewed them as institutionally strategic and academically benign. However, the trend towards a management-led division of academic labour, basing jobs on elements of a work process, tended to fractionalise the academic role and did not correlate with rank. This specialisation may represent the de-construction, or de-mystification, of the craft of academia by managers without clear performance gains. If what was observed was a varied occupation being broken down into describable elements, then what this study observed was the start of the destruction, rather than the evolution, of the craft profession that was academia. It was not clear the observed fractionalisation of academic roles, breaking apart the research-teaching nexus, was beneficial to the profession.
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Pavan, Kumar Maareddygari Pavan Kumar, and Bharadwaj Yellambalse Prem Kumar Anoop Anoop. "Design and Construction of Chassis for Uniti L7e Vehicle." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32946.
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Chassis is the primary structural component of an automobile. It is the main supporting structure of a vehicle to which all other systems like braking, suspension and differential are attached. In this thesis, a methodology for L7e category vehicle chassis design and structural stability analysis is presented. The present car being developed at Uniti Sweden AB is classified as L7e category vehicle as per the European Union, therefore the chassis developed in this thesis considers the specific characteristics that vehicles under this category demands for. A literature study is carried out to review various existing designs of vehicle chassis, latest innovations and advanced materials used to manufacture the same. The various types of forces and stresses commonly acting on chassis structures are analyzed and their effects on the vehicle is understood. After completing literature study, several findings are listed in a systematic manner, by providing ample arguments to justify each of them. The pro-con analysis is conducted to evaluate merits and demerits of each alternative type of chassis and the material to manufacture it. The most essential design criteria are derived from the QFD (Quality function deployment) which then acts as important guidelines during the actual design process. Structural chassis frame is designed as per the design criteria, using the CAD software CATIAV5R19 and the structural stability of the same is tested and analyzed using ANSYS 15.0 software. From the results of these analysis tests the static structural stability of the design is confirmed.
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Grille, Alexandra. "Les grands navires construits à clin en Europe septentrionale et occidentale du milieu du 14ème au milieu du 16ème siècle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H011.
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Depuis les années 1980, des épaves de grands navires construits à clin de la fin du Moyen-Age ont été découvertes sur les littoraux des mers septentrionales et occidentales. Elles ont régulièrement suscité individuellement un intérêt de la communauté scientifique en regard de leur architecture, puisque la fin du Moyen-Age correspond historiquement à l’apparition puis à la diffusion et à l’adaptation de la construction navale à franc-bord d’origine méditerranéenne en Europe du Nord et de l’Ouest. Pourtant, la comparaison des différentes épaves entre elles pour étudier les développements de la construction navale à clin de cette période est très récente et généralement rattachée à l’analyse des épaves nouvellement trouvées.Cette thèse étudie l’ensemble des navires de plus de 20 m de long susceptibles, par leur architecture, d’avoir évolué en haute mer sur les routes du commerce lointain. En regard du contexte technique et historique, cette étude est limitée géographiquement aux mers nordiques et chronologiquement au Moyen-Age tardif et au début de la période moderne.Le navire résulte à la fois des technique de construction navale et de la demande de ses commanditaires. Durant la période d’étude envisagée dans la thèse, les marchands, qui sont également les affréteurs, constituent les principaux armateurs avec les gens de mer, marins et capitaines, qui régulièrement sont propriétaires en totalité ou en partie des grands bâtiments.De ce fait, le contexte historique, affectant les activités de commerce et de transport, contribue à expliquer les développements de la construction navale. De plus, l’analyse technique des épaves permet de comprendre comment les charpentiers de marine ont pu répondre à la demande de ces propriétaires. Pour cela, la reconstitution des épaves, comme celle de l’Aber Wrac’h 1(France), est essentielle, car les données relatives à la construction, la conception et la forme des navires fournissent des éléments de comparaison scientifique fiables en regard des typologies chronologiques et régionales et permettent de replacer le navire dans son contexte historique et socio-économiqueSince the 1980s, several wrecks of large clinker ships adting from the late Middle Ages were found on the coasts of Northern and Atlantic seas. The scientific community was regularly interested in the architecture of each site as the late Middle Ages historically corresponds to the appearance, dissemination and adaptation of the carvel shipbuilding from the Mediterranean in Northern and Western Europe. Yet the comparison of the different wrecks themselves to study the development of the clinker shipbuilding of this period is recent and usually linked to the analysis of newly found wrecks.This thesis explores all vessels over a length of 20 meters, which were able, according to their architecture, to sail on open seas for long-distance trade. Due to the technical and historical context, this study is limited geographically to the nordic seas and chronologically to the Late Middle Ages and early modern period.The ship results from the shipbuilding technology and the demand of its owners. During the late Middle Ages, the merchant class, which was the principal user, was also the main shipowner with the seafarers, sailors and captains, who regularly owned all or part of large vessels.Therefore, the historical context, affecting trade and transport activities, helps to explain the developments in shipbuilding. Therefore, technical analysis of wrecks allows understanding how the shipwrights and carpenters could meet the demand of those owners. Hence, there construction of the wreck, such as Aber Wrac’h 1 (France), is essential because the data about the building, design and shape of the vessels provide reliable scientific information for comparison in terms of chronological and regional typologies and help to place the ship in its historical, environmental and socio-economic context
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Havard, Sophie. "La construction d'une Europe audiovisuelle : l'adequation des politiques menées." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56812.
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In the 80's, European broadcasting changed dramatically. The rising of new technologies resulted into a growing number of TV programmes' demand while the amount of supply stays unchange.There are two European strategies: (1) A regulation policy, with the European directive "Television without frontiers"; (2) A promotion of European programmes industry, with MEDIA and EUREKA.
The challenge is beyond the means implemented until now. The building of European audiovisual industry is a slow process, since cultural union and economic union are linked.
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Fernandez, Moïse. "La participation des parlements nationaux a la construction europeenne." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR1006.
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L'edification progressive de l'union europeenne a conduit les parlements nationaux a faire de grands sacrifices. Les pouvoirs de decision ont ete dans des proportions accrues et d'une facon irresistible transferes des etats aux institutions europeennes, notamment au conseil de ministres. Or, comme les identites nationales priment toujours sur la citoyennete europeenne et que la volonte des etats reste le fondement de l'integration europeenne, le dessaisissement des parlements, sans autre compensation que celle d'etre l'executant ou l'agent de liaison en aval de la procedure europeenne, constitue une situation dangereuse. Deux alternatives sont alors concevables. Premierement, en fonction des specificites locales, les parlements nationaux peuvent renforcer leur controle sur la politique europeenne de leur gouvernement. C'est la la voie choisie depuis le debut de la construction europeenne. Ce schema respecte les equilibres poses par les traites mais sa principale limite apparait clairement : les parlements ne peuvent pas se montrer trop exigeants sauf a alourdir le processus decisionnel europeen. Par rapport aux institutions supranationales (pe, commission, bce) dont les membres jouissent d'un statut d'independance vis-a-vis des autorites nationales, les parlements sont dans la situation des groupes de pression a cette nuance pres qu'une cooperation etroite avec le pe pourrait un jour donner naissance a un reseau interparlementaire influent. Deuxiemement, d'un point de vue radicalement reformiste, on peut imaginer la creation d'un organe qui institutionnaliserait la volonte collective des parlements. Or, le probleme est precisemment que les interets des parlements ne se distinguent pas des interets des etats qui sont personnifies via la composition du conseil. En tout les cas, l'etude sur le role des parlements nationaux dans la construction europeenne est un element cle pour pallier au deficit de legitimite et de credibilite de l'integration europeenneThe gradual erection of the european union induced the national parliaments to make great sacrifices. The decision powers has been in growing proportions and in a irresistible manner transfer from the members states to the european institutions, notably to the council of ministers. Well, as the national identities continues to have precedence over the european citizenship and that the states'will stays the base of european integration, the relinquishment of national parliaments, without compensation except that to be a simply executant or a liaison agent downstream the european law-making, is a prejudicial situation. Then, two main alternatives are conceivable. Firstly, according to local specificities, the parliaments do one's best their national controls on the european action of their own government this is the way priviligied since the beginning of european construction. This configuration respect the balances defined by the treaties but his principal limit appears clearly : the parliaments cannot be expect too much during unless to make the european law-making power heavy. With regard to the supranational institutions (e. P. , commission, ecb) whose members have the advantage of statutory independance in relation to national authorities, the parliaments are in the situation of pressure groups with this difference that a close cooperation with the ep. Could one day "give birth" to a influent interparliamentary network. Secondly, in a radically reformy point of view, one may imagine to create a organ which could have the objectif to institutionalize the collective will of the parliaments. The problem is precisely that the interets of parliaments don't set apart from the states'interests as they are personified by the council's composition. In any case, the reflection on the national parliaments' function in the european construction is a key element to put answer in the way of resolving the deficit of legitimacy and credibility of the european integration
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Westerhoff, Kevin M. (Kevin Matthew) 1978. "Construction based design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84827.
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Glauser, Andrea. "Vertical Europe : The Sociology of High-rise Construction / Andrea Glauser." Frankfurt : Campus, 2019.
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Ferron, Julie. "La modernité à l'épreuve de la construction européenne." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020005.
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La modernité est l'âge cosmopolitique, sécularisation de l'Esprit du christianisme. Or, l'Europe semble incapable de se distinguer de l'Occident globalisant qu'elle a rendu possible. L'universel moderne est en effet en voie de réalisation, de San Francisco à Vladivostok, en attendant le reste du monde. Voire en l'espérant puisque l'Un ne serait qu'un impératif de la raison juridique, enté sur un acte philosophique d'espérance. Ces réflexions pré-constitutionnelles permettront alors de dissocier la construction européenne de l'Europe. L'Europe post-moderne sera une hypostase, modalité parmi d'autres, de l'universel moderne. Simplement, la souverainteté n'a pas (encore?) disparu. Ses éléments se sont dissociés en cette néo-féodalité. L'auctoritas, visible dans le dialogue des juges, correspondra à une "rule of law" européenne participant d'une "rule of law" mondiale. Quant à la "potestas" et à l'"imperium", penser le gouvernement en temps ordinaire demandera de connaître les temps exceptionnels. En termes théoriques, c'est la séparation des pouvoirs de l'entendement entre la prévisibilité du droit et les mystères de l'Histoire. En termes constitutionnels, c'est la loi qui anticipe sa propre suspension pour assurer, si nécessaire, le salut de la République. Pour l'instant, l'Union reste une alliance défensive fondée sur une clause de solidarité mutuelle entre Etats et advenir en tant qu'entité politique exigera qu'elle pense ses frontières, visibles et invisibles. Dès lors, il n'existe pas une réponse mais des questions, l'observateur étant condamné à la multiplicité des scenarii.
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Bayo, Emmanuel. "La construction de l'Europe sociale communautaire comme question politique." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081090.
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Malgre une ambition ancienne et des preoccupations actuelles mobilisatrices comme la lutte contre le chomage ou le dumping social, la finalite de la construction sociale n'apparait que difficilement au travers de proclamations floues et d'avancees cahotiques. Cette absence de finalite claire traduit un manque de volonte politique perceptible aussi bien dans la revendication en faveur d'une europe plus democratique et plus sociale que dans la rarete des textes a portee efficiente veritable, la repartition des pouvoirs au sein des institutions communautaires ou le manque d'implication des individus concernes. L'usage du principe de subsidiarite comme garde-fou du pouvoir reglementaire communautaire ne peut masquer l'absence d'une claire repartition des pouvoirs politiques. Malgre les perspectives offertes par le traite de maastricht, les negociations collectives europeennes et le dialogue social, la regulation nouvelle des institutions ou l'internationalisation de l'europe sociale, cette carence du politique en matiere sociale pose non seulement le probleme de la nature politique de l'europe future mais encore celui du role de l'etat-nation ou celui d'une veritable citoyennete europeenneDespite long-standing aspirations and the urgency of current preoccupations such as unemployment and social dumping, the ultimate goal of social construction remains largely obscured by the vague affirmations and somewhat random progress made to date. The lack of a clear purpose reflects an absence of real political will, as witnessed by demands for a more democratic and a more social europe, the paucity of legal texts with meaningful ambition, the existing division of powers within the european institutions, or indeed the detachment of the individuals concerned. The use of the principle of subsidiarity as a safeguard against excessive euro-regulation fails to conceal the absence of a clearly defined division of political power. Despite the prospects afforded by the treaty of maastricht, joint negotiations and social dialogue, greater regulation of the institutions or the globalisation of european social standards, such political shortcomings in matters social raise the problem of the political realities of the europe of the future, the role of the nation-state, and, indeed, the true nature of european citizenship
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Whicher, Anna. "Benchmarking design for innovation policy in Europe." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7999.
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In 2015, 15 of the 28 European Member States had design included in national innovation policy and design action plans were in operation in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France and Latvia. Design is an approach to problem-solving that can be applied across the private and public sectors and is becoming more relevant to policy as part of a paradigm shift towards user-centred innovation. According to the European Commission’s Action Plan for Design-driven Innovation: ‘A more systematic use of design as a tool for user-centred and market-driven innovation in all sectors of the economy, complementary to R&D, would improve European competitiveness.’ Furthermore, the European Commission encourages all European countries and regions to develop design action plans. However, the route to building effective national and regional design capacity is not clear. The rationale for this research was framed as much by a gap in theoretical knowledge among research practitioners as a gap in applied knowledge among policy practitioners for evidence-based policy-making in design. It is widely acknowledged that policy intervention for innovation is justified by systems failure theory. Innovation researchers and policy-makers have been able to quantify and thus benchmark the performance of innovation ecosystems to inform policy actions. Design researchers have also argued that policy intervention for design can be justified by systems failure theory but asserted that design is not well captured in European benchmarking exercises. As such, this research has taken a design-led approach to developing a quantitative framework of 46 indicators to assess the performance of a country’s Design Innovation Ecosystem to inform policy-making. The framework of indicators is called the Design Policy Monitor. The findings from the Design Policy Monitor reveal that between 2012 and 2014 public expenditure on design in Denmark, Estonia, Finland and the UK increased by 34% compared to an increase of 8% for public expenditure on research and development (R&D). In a time of austerity, this funding increase is significant although overall government expenditure on R&D is more than 500 times greater than government expenditure on design. 3 Although the Design Policy Monitor remains theoretical, the Design Innovation Ecosystem construct and the indicators within the framework have been jointly developed and tested with innovation policy-makers, managers in design centres and academics. It has been subject to an iterative process of refinement and peer-review as part of a consensus-building exercise with expert stakeholders. With more data on design becoming available, it would be an ambition of the investigator to review the indicators and collect new data as part of future research. In taking a design-led approach, this research has also sought to explore and operationalise the Double Diamond process as a research framework. The Double Diamond is widely accepted as a process for design practitioners but there is only permissive consensus that the Double Diamond can also be applied as a design research framework. The concepts of design and policy are very closely intertwined; both are concerned with problem-solving and ideally, involving users in solving those problems. This body of work has sought to demonstrate that design is not only a method for user-centred research but also, by extension, a method for user-centred policy-making. This research has been conducted in parallel to leading the SEE Platform (Sharing European Experience in Design Innovation Policy), a network of 11 European partners, led by the investigator at PDR (the International Design and Research Centre) at Cardiff Metropolitan University. SEE was funded by the European Commission to the value of €1.1m between 2012 and 2015. As a result of workshops, research and advocacy the SEE partners successfully integrated design into 18 policies and 48 programmes at regional and national levels across Europe.
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Lombard, Karine. "La dimension culturelle de la construction européenne : recherches sur l'action des réseaux européens de centres culturels à Paris." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H024.
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L'idée européenne, depuis ses origines, s'avère être une notion d'ordre "culturel". Héritée du contexte socio-historique d'appartenance et transformée quotidiennement dans le processus de vie sociale, la "culture" des individus - et des groupes - façonne les visons du monde, dans l'espace et dans le temps. Le processus de construction des institutions européennes n'échappe pas à cette règle au point que la notion de "culture" ait couramment servi de référence aux projets européen, comme instance légitimatrice. Si les notions de "culture", de "valeurs" de "sentiments" européens ont jalonné l'histoire des discours sur l'Europe, leurs applications demeurent les mal aimées des Traités et budgets communautaires. Les Européens vivent ce paradoxe au nom du respect de la "subsidiarité" et de la "diversité culturelle". Ainsi à l'heure du passage d'une "Europe technocratique" à une "Europe démocratique" et de la désaffection populaire pour le vote européen notamment, nous avons observé que seuls les réseaux culturels européens, mi-institutionnels, mi-spontanés généraient auprès des Européens confiance et participation. A partir de l'observation de dix centres culturels issus de pays européens à Paris et ayant formé deux réseaux culturels (1, 2, 3 Cultures et Le Forum des Langues Européennes), nous tenterons de démontrer comment une action (inter)culturelle européenne fondée sur la communication et la (re)connaissance mutuelle peut aujourd'hui favoriser la construction d'une citoyenneté européenne cohérente et durable, dans une "Europe des cultures"The very notion and idea of Europe has, since its very beginnings, always been of a "cultural" nature. Derived from the socio-historical context of belonging and undergoing daily transformations through the processes of socialising, the "culture" of individuals -and indeed groups - shapes our visions of the world, both in time and space. The process of building European institutions is not immune to this rule, to the point that the notion of "culture" has repeatedly been referenced by European projects as a legitimising device. Even if the notions of European "culture", values, and "sentiments" have historically marked the discourse on Europe, European Treaties and budgets remain reticent to apply them. Europeans live this paradox in the name of "subsidiarity" and "cultural diversity". Hence, amidst the shift from a "technocratic Europe" to a "democartic Europe", as well as the popular disaffection towards the European vote, we have observed that it is only those European cultural networks which, semi-institutional and semi-spontaneous in nature, foster trust and generate participation amongst Europeans. Drawing on the observation of ten Paris-based cultural centres pertaining to European countries (1, 2, 3 Cultures and the European Language Forum), we will attempt to demonstrate how an (inter)cultural European movement based on communication and mutual recognition can today favour the construction of a coherent and durable European citizenship, within a "Europe of Cultures"
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Palabiyik, Mustafa Serdar. "Contributions Of The Ottoman Empire To The Construction Of Modern Europe." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606224/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to analyze the contributions of the Ottoman Empire to the construction of modern Europe in the early modern period. Conventional historiography generally argues that the Ottoman Empire contributed to the emergence of the modern European identity only through acting as the ‘
other&
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of Europe. This thesis, however, aims to show that such an analysis is not enough to understand the Ottoman impact on the European state system. Moreover, it argues that the Ottoman Empire contributed to the construction of this system both politically and economically. By depriving the Habsburg Empire of dominating whole continent, Ottoman Empire helped the proto-modern centralizing states, i.e. England, France and the Netherlands, and Protestantism to survive the suppression of the Habsburgs. On the other hand, by granting capitulations to these European states, it contributed to the economies of these states in a way that they could be able to develop their emerging capitalist economies. In all, this thesis concludes that the Ottoman Empire was not a passive actor and an outsider to the European system, acted only as a counter-reference point in the formation of the European identity
rather, it actively involved in the European politics and economics as an active actor.
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Lee, Ho-Yeong. "La construction de l'identité culturelle européenne : autour du débat sur l'exception culturelle." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H013.
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Le présent travail a pour but de montrer, à travers une analyse des débats sur l'<
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Yun, Ji-Young. "Nouveaux réseaux de communication dans la construction du lien socio-politique en Europe." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H089.
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Notre étude débute sur l'observation de l'affaiblissement de l'espace symbolique de l'état qui remet ainsi en cause l'identité citoyenne. Le lien socio-politique, qui à été fondé sur une structure pyramidale du temps copernicien et dans une logique fondée sur des relations contractuelles et rationnelles, n'est plus à même d'expliquer les rapports sociaux de notre temps. Partant de cette réflexion, notre hypothèse se fonde sur l'observation de l'augmentation de phénomènes socio-politiques lies à l'émergence des nouveaux réseaux de communication et de medias. La manière dont ceux-ci s'impliquent dans notre société nous offrirait ainsi une lecture de nouvelles formes de relations socio-politiques qui s'inscrivent dans un ordre structurel de la société, et que nous appellerons << réticulaires >>. De ce point de vue, nous avons voulu comprendre dans quelle mesure, et sous quelles formes, s'articulent les problèmes que posent la société en réseaux, et les problèmes que posent la reconstitution de nouvelles entités. Nous avons privilégies deux terrains de recherches, l'émergence symptomatique des << réseaux citoyens (community network(ing)) >>, et la politique européenne de la société de l'information en ce qu'elle montre la difficulté à créer une territorialité symbolique par les moyens des NTIC. Nous proposons une compréhension de notre société par les phénomènes corrélatifs de mondialisation et de << communautarisation >>. Ici, l'enjeu identitaire se traduit par la recherche de l'individualité collective, celle qui se manifeste par de nouveaux types d'<< être-ensemble >> et de << vivre-ensemble >>. La relation intersubjective transversale qui s'impose se situe entre le nous et le moi ; la frontière qui sépare ce qui est de l'intérieur et ce qui est de l'extérieur n'est plus fixe, prédéfinie, mais est désormais brouillée par les formes de réseaux. Nous avons appelé ce nouvel ordre de relation << structures réticulaires >>. Les nouvelles technologies de la communication, quant à elles, interviennent dans ce contexte pour accélérer ces nouveaux liens socio-politiques. Aujourd'hui, ceux-ci qui se concrétisent de manière réticulaire nécessiteraient donc d'être compris dans une nouvelle interprétation de la citoyenneté, de l'espace public et de la proximité. Notre étude propose ainsi de ne pas se limiter à l'étude de la société de la communication, mais de l'appréhender dans le
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Xie, Xiaoling. "Communications in construction design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7571.
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Construction design has become an increasingly complex synthesis activity for which effective solutions depend upon co-operative participation by a number of people. Thus communication, including the integration of specialised knowledge and negotiation of differences between team members, is a vital process for collaborative design. A questionnaire survey was initially conducted to investigate communication issues and problems, which had been highlighted from a review of the literature, in current construction design. The results confirmed that communication among the different construction team members is often difficult although of paramount important to design outcomes. Based on these results, case studies have been carried out to gain further insights into communication issues and problems, and explore why and how they are caused. Through the application of multiple approaches, a model has been developed, which suggests strategies that may help participants communicate more effectively and ultimately improve the quality of construction design outcomes.
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Soto, Leticia S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Construction design as a process for flow : applying lean principles to construction design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42995.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111).
Delays and cost overruns are the rule rather than the exception in the construction industry. Design changes due to lack of constructability late in the construction phase generating costly ripple effect which create delay and disruption throughout the entire organization, are the largest contributors to the stated rule. In the building construction industry, of increased competitiveness, demand from many companies continued effort to develop new methods and tools, in which the design for quality, cost, construability and reliability play an important role. The planning and management of building design has historically focused upon traditional methods of planning such as Critical Path Method (CPM). Little effort is made to understand the complexities of the design process; instead design managers focus on allocating work packages where the planned output is a set of deliverables. This current design method forces design teams to manage their work on a discipline basis, each working on achieving their deliverable as dictated by the design program with little regard of the relationship with other disciplines and organizations. In addition, because Architect and Engineering firms view design and construction as two separate independent phases of work in project it makes it difficult to verify constructability in a design and create flow in the overall process. The goal of this study is to look at how aligning interests, objectives and practices based on lean fundamentals, during the earliest stages of a project, as a method of improving construction performance.
by Leticia Soto.
S.M.
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Adams, Jonathan. "Ships, innovation & social change : aspects of carvel shipbuilding in northern Europe 1450-1850 /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, Department of archaeology, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39918145j.
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Lacroix-Lanoë, Cécile. "Les pays du Norden face à la construction européenne." Grenoble : IEP, 2006. http://iepdoc.upmf-grenoble.fr/memoires/pdf/2006/Z7310.pdf.
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Mémoire IEP : Science politique : Grenoble, IEP : 2006.Séminaire : "Géopolitique du monde contemporain" sous la direction de Jean-William Dereymez. Titre provenant de la page de titre numérisée. Bibliogr. p. 277-293.
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Crochemore, Kevin. "Syndicalisme international et régionalisation du monde: l'ITF face à la construction de l'Europe, 1943-2013." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209079.
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La Fédération internationale des travailleurs des transports figure parmi les syndicats internationaux les plus anciens et les plus puissants. Aussi, lors des étapes de la reconstruction de l'Europe, elle envisage d'y prendre part activement afin de s'imposer comme un interlocuteur incontournable dans l'Europe à venir. Toutefois, les inflexions géopolitiques, le développement d'une Europe sociale de plus en plus institutionnalisée et la mises en place d'organisations d'experts dans le domaine des transports la contraint à repenser ses plans ainsi que son rapport à l'Europe. Par ailleurs, tiraillée entre son appartenance au mouvement syndical international et le développement de l'Eurosyndicalisme, elle doit articuler l'échelle internationale et l'échelle européenne sans oublier qu'elle reste avant tout l'émanation de l'ensemble des volontés nationales. Sur une période longue de soixante-dix années, nous avons étudié les relations entre représentations sociales et répertoires d'actions syndicaux, en les insérant dans une trame historique reprenant les grandes évolutions de l'histoire des relations internationales. Ce travail met en avant l'articulation de deux échelons syndicaux, international et européen, encore très faiblement étudié, dans une perspective historique se réclamant de l'histoire sociale et politique. Il permets de comprendre le rôle singulier des transports dans le mouvement syndical international et de rendre compte des nouvelles stratégies de celui-ci à l'oeuvre aujourd'hui
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Fjeldheim, Ek Dan, Anes Mulisic, and Filip Syta. "Entry barriers on the training simulator market for construction vehicles in Europe." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11240.
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The research question, which we will answer in this paper, is following: What are the four entry barriers that are most difficult to overcome when entering the training simulator market for construction vehicles in Europe? To answer this research question we performed a study on nine companies in the training simulator market for construction vehicles and asked them to rank 25 entry barriers on a Likert scale in order of importance. The results of our research study show us the barriers of importance. The top four barriers are: R&D expenses in entering a market, access to distribution channels, selling expenses and costumer loyalty advantage held by incumbents. There are several factors affecting the barriers importance on the market. Product type, market characteristics’ and the competitors are some of the most important factors. These factors make the market unique and difficult to generalize. The specific combination of factors creates entry barriers that are unique to the specific market.
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Knight, Dayanna. "Identity construction and maintenance in the North Atlantic c. AD800-1250." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14078/.
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This study is a multivalent investigation of Scandinavian identity formation and cultural structures within the north Atlantic that looks specifically at the construction and maintenance of island identities circa AD800-1250. This not only includes consideration of the Norse settlers but also the effects of contact between the emerging island cultural identities and continental Europe. In order to do this zones of settlement have been defined to better compare the expansion of medieval Scandinavian populations in terms of microscale practices and interactions within family groups and the macroscale vectors of social, economic and political change. It employs a wide variety of material that makes use of aspects of both prehistoric and historic sources. The variety of enabling conditions ultimately provided for a time the circumstances necessary for the long-term success of a number of the settlements established during this period. The evidence is considered in as subjective manner as possible with the sources available also reflecting the conditions of initial region excavation and publication.
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Maury, Jean-Pierre. "La construction européenne, la sécurité et la défense." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020197.
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Le projet de construction d'une europe unie est fonde sur la transposition du pacte hobbesien ; appuye sur des representations geopolitiques et historiques, il est ainsi inseparable des idees de paix et de securite. Mais le pacte d'union propose au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale s'est heurte au projet d'un pact de defense dirige par les etats-unis, capable d'assurer la defense de l'europe occidentale face a la menace sovietique. Ainsi, la construction europeenne a d'abord avance dans le domaine, economique. Les tentatives d'incorporation des questions de securite et de defense dans cette construction n'ont pu se developper qu'a la suite de la mise en oeuvre de la cooperation politique en matiere de politiqsue etrangere, dans les annees soixante-dix, au prix d'une distinctioin entre les aspects politiques et economiques de la securite d'une part, que les membres de la communaute evoquent entre eux, et les aspects militaires d'autre part, reserves a l'alliance atlantique ou a l'ueo. La cooperation politique europeenne, inscrite dans l'acte unique europeen en 1986, est directement a l'origine de la politique etrangere et de securite commune (pesc) developpee par le traite de maestricht. Mais, selon ce traite, une politique de defense commune n'est envisageable qu'a terme, ainsi s'annonce un nouveau debat sur la poursuite de la construction europeenne, il pourrait deboucher sur une crise de regime mettant fin a la periode de transition et de confusion des competences que vit l'union europeenne.
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Kouassivi, Noah Benissan Emmanuel. "Les étapes ignorées de la construction européenne." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082749.
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Le modèle du fédéralisme américain apparaît comme le moyen pour les Européens, de surmonter leurs oppositions séculaires. L’Europe, au contraire, est composée de nations d’Etats différents, qui disposent de leur propre unité interne et qui établissent entre eux des relations de nature diplomatique. Les citoyens de ces Etats forment des groupes distincts, marqués par des siècles d’histoire antagonistes, mais qui aujourd’hui entretiennent de nombreuses relations politiques, commerciales, culturelles et amicales, sans souhaiter une confusion des nations et des Etats. L’unité européenne signifie aujourd’hui la réunion des Etats et leurs peuples qui restent distincts, dans une organisation juridique, sans pour cela constituer un peuple européen au sens du peuple américain. L’unité européenne surmonte les divisions nationales et étatiques sans les supprimer, elle ne fait que les atténuer. C’est donc une unité dans la diversité comme la pu préciser Edgar MORIN. C’est pourquoi : le principe de la subsidiarité et le principe de la proportionnalité deviendront dès l’abord une technique juridique et politique obligée pour l’Europe pour harmoniser ses divergences dans l’Europe de demainThe American pattern of federalism appears to be the means for the Europeans to overcome their secular arguments. On the contrary, Europe is composed of different State nations having their own internal unity and establishing between themselves their specific diplomatic relations. The citizens of these nations form some specific groups marked by centuries of antagonist history. But today, they exchange and have political, cultural, trading, friendly relationships, without wishing to mix up and make confusion of nations and States. The European unity overcomes the national and state machine divisions without deleting them. It only softens them. So it is a unity within the diversity as Edgar MORIN has mentioned. That is why: the principle of subsidiarity and the principle of proportionality will become from the first a necessary judiciary and political technique for Europe in the aim of harmonizing the differences of opinions for the Europe of tomorrow
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Sebille, Michel. "Design :construction, automorphisms and colourings." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211428.
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Chew, En Phin. "Superconducting Transformer Design and Construction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4977.
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This thesis first outlines the testing undertaken on a partial core superconducting
transformer under open circuit, short circuit, full load and endurance test conditions.
During the endurance test, a failure occurred after 1 minute and 35 seconds. During the
failure, voltage dipping and rapid liquid nitrogen boil off was observed. This prompted
a failure investigation which concluded that the lack of cooling in the windings was the
most probable cause to the failure.
Full core transformer and superconductor theories are then introduced. A copper
winding transformer model, based on a Steinmetz equivalent circuit and a reverse
design method, is described. A superconductor loss model which outlines the different
types of losses experienced under AC conditions is used to determine the resistance
of the windings in the Steinmetz equivalent circuit. This resistance changes with the
magnitude of current and the strength of the magnetic field that is present in the gaps
between each layer of the windings. An alternative leakage flux model is then presented,
where the flux is modelled based on the combination of the reluctance of the core and
the air surrounding the windings. Based on these theories, an iterative algorithm to
calculate the resistance of the superconductor is developed.
A new design of a 15kVA single phase full core superconducting transformer, operating
in liquid nitrogen, is presented. The issues with building the superconducting
transformer are outlined. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer
was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions
as the superconducting transformer, which means the same core can be used for two
different sets of windings. This led to designing a core that could be easily taken apart
as well as reassembled. Construction of the core, the copper windings and the superconductor
windings ensued. The process of cutting the core laminations, insulating the
copper and superconductor tapes, and making the steel fasteners and terminations are
described.
The copper mockup and superconducting transformers was then tested under open
circuit, short circuit, different load and endurance conditions at both liquid nitrogen
and room temperatures. These test results were then compared with the those from
two models. The comparison showed a significant inaccuracy in the reactances in
the models. This introduced a correction factor into the superconductor model which
ii
made it more accurate. However, further work is required to explain and quantify the
correction factors for the copper transformer model under different load conditions.
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Fabre, André. "Le temps dans la construction des courbes de dérive apparente du pôle paléomagnétique : Application à l'Europe du Permien au Jurassique." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES2016.
Full textAbstract:
Pour tenir compte de l'incertitude sur le temps dans la construction des courbes de derive apparente du pole, une distribution de probabilite est affectee a l'age de chaque pole utilise. La loi de distribution depend de la methode de datation appliquee: on associe aux ages stratigraphiques une distribution uniforme entre deux limites et, en general, aux ages radiometriques une distribution gaussienne dont la largeur est fonction de l'incertitude. Les donnees paleogeomagnetiques proviennent d'une base de donnees remise a jour et de donnees nouvelles du jurassique
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Leung, Chi-ming. "Design consultancy vs design and build consultancy : present trends in the construction industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14038869.
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Gaxie, Louise. "La construction des services publics en Europe : contribution à l’élaboration d’un concept commun." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100175/document.
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Contribuer à l’élaboration d’un concept européen commun de service public implique de dégager, dans une perspective historique, les principales convergences et divergences dans la construction quatre secteurs d'activités (police, éducation obligatoire, distribution d’eau et assainissement, transports collectifs), dans six pays (Allemagne, Angleterre, Belgique, Italie, France, Espagne et Suède). Si chaque pays a ses spécificités historiques et culturelles, ils ont tous été confrontés à des problèmes et enjeux analogues, auxquels ils ont apporté des réponses comparables. De l’étude monographique de la construction sociale des différents services publics étudiés, il est possible de repérer la constitution de mondes d’objets matériels et symboliques, notamment juridiques similaires, ainsi qu’une histoire sociale tendanciellement commune. L’institutionnalisation juridique de services publics accessibles à toutes les catégories de la population a nécessité une intervention publique massive. Dans ce processus, se dégagent des constantes de l’encadrement juridique, quelles que soient les époques et les lieux, tant dans la maîtrise publique de l’établissement des services (décisions préalables d’habilitation, déterminations de conditions de réalisation, concours financier public), que dans leur exploitation (fixations d’obligations envers le public, réglementation des modalités de financement, moyens de surveillance et contrôle). Des variantes apparaissent également qui dépendent davantage des époques que des secteurs d'activité ou des pays. Elles portent essentiellement sur le degré d’intervention publique directe dans la fourniture des services et sur le degré de concurrence effective dans les secteurs de service. Ces différents éléments constituent les composantes d’un concept commun européen, appréhendé dans sa complexité. Les profondes transformations en cours impulsées par l’orientation néolibérale de l’Union européenne posent la question du devenir de ce concept communThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the elaboration of a common European concept of public service. Adopting an historical perspective, this research tries to identify the main similarities and differences in the processes of construction of four areas of activity - police, compulsory education, water supply and sanitation, and public transports - in seven countries: Belgium, England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. Even though each country has its own historical and cultural specificities, they have all faced analogous problems and issues and they have brought similar responses. Relying on monographic studies of social and historical construction of various public services, we may describe the formation of worlds of very different material and symbolic social "objects", including legal ones, through a relatively similar social history. The legal institutionalization of public services available to everyone has required massive public intervention. Whatever the times, areas, and countries, constants of legal regulation have emerged. They relate to public control of the establishment of services (preliminary empowerment decisions, definitions of conditions of implementation, public financial supports), as well as to their operation (institutions of obligations towards the public, regulation of financing, introduction of monitoring and control means). Variants have also appeared. They are more often linked to historical than national or sectorial contexts. These variants mainly relate to the degree of direct public intervention in the provision of services and to the degree of effective competition in the service sectors. The various constant elements are the core component of a common European concept of public service defined in all its complexity. The deep ongoing transformations driven by European Union's neoliberal orientations raise questions about the future of this concept
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Wormald, Roy. "Solar energy in construction : an assessment of solar wall thermal performance in Europe." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5059/.
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Mangenot, Michel. "Une Europe improbable : les hauts fonctionnaires français dans la construction européenne, 1948-1992." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30026.
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Ce travail entend répondre à la question : <>. L'étude d'un groupe - les hauts fonctionnaires français - apparaît comme le moyen de dépasser les oppositions qui structurent habituellement le discours sur l'Europe en saisissant la dynamique européenne à un double niveau : celui des institutions communautaires et celui des administrations nationales. L'étude des années 1948 à 1954 permet d'abord de restituer la configuration spécifique des hauts fonctionnaires vis-à-vis des enjeux européens. Si, en suivant F. G. Bailey, elle donne à voir une structuration en équipes, cette pré-histoire met surtout au jour les origines brouillées, concurrentielles et souvent endogènes de la construction européenne, construction qu'il faut bien mettre au pluriel. Les engagements initiaux de ces premières équipes apparaissent ensuite contrariés par le développement de l'Europe communautaire, l'investissement dans la CEE se faisant par les marges. En décalage ou dans des positions secondes, ces nouveaux fonctionnaires n'en vont pas moins, en donnant à l'administration bruxelloise son <>, contribuer à créer de véritables <> (path dependence). A partir du milieu des années 1980 suivra une génération plus légitime qui mènera à son terme le projet <> du traite de Rome, permettant alors à l'ENA de se revendiquer comme <>. C'est donc la vision d'une européanisation linéaire comme celle d'une brusque conversion qui s'estompe. On observe plutôt une pluralité de processus autonomes, des tournants avant le tournant néo-libéral décrit par B. Jobert. Enfin, l'Europe prend forme à Paris dans des concurrences préexistantes entre différents pôles de la haute administration, principalement les <>, les diplomates et les membres du conseil d'état, la construction européenne provoquant une reformulation de l'excellence administrativeThis work aims to answer the question :"what does it mean to construct Europe?". The study of one group, french top civil servants, offers the opportunity to transcend the conflicting positions which typify the discourse on Europe, allowing for the analysis of the european dynamic at a twofold level : that of community institutions and that of national administrations. Studying the years 1948-54 provides, in the first place, a means of restoring the specific configuration of top civil servants with respect to issues at stake in the construction of Europe. If, as bailey has proposed, it brings to light a structuring in terms of working-groups, this pre-history reveals, most strikingly, the cloudy beginnings, competing and often endogenous, of the construction of Europe, a process which should really be considered in the plural. The initial commitment of these first working-groups appeared to be subsequently thwarted by the development of Europe as a community, investment in the EEC was now becoming more marginal. Out of step with the times, or as actors playing a secondary role, these new civil servants would nevertheless give the administration in Brussels its "french style", and so contributing to creating true path dependence. From the mid-1980s, a more legitimate generation was to carry through the "liberal" treaty of Rome project, enabling the ENA to portray itself as "european". From then on, the vision of a linear process of europeanisation, just as depicting it as an abrupt change, recedes into the background. One finds instead a plurality of autonomous processes, taking divergent directions, up until the neo-liberal turn-around described by Jobert. Finally, Europe takes form in Paris, the form reflecting pre-existing rivalries between different poles of the top administration, principally financiers, diplomats and the members of Conseil d'état. European construction thereby generated a new conception of administrative excellence
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Riondel, Bruno. "Maurice Faure : un artisan de la construction européenne." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010501.
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Élu député du Lot en 1951, Maurice Faure rencontre l'idée européenne et s'agrège aux milieux fédéralistes. Nommé secrétaire d'état aux affaires étrangères dans le gouvernement très européen de Guy Mollet, il s'engage d'abord avec succès dans les discussions concernant la rétrocession de la Sarre à l'Allemagne, puis prend la tête de la délégation française qui négocie le marché commun et l'Euratom. Sommet de sa carrière, les traités de Rome vont constituer par la suite, l'objet de toute l'attention de Maurice Faure. Il les défendra avec pugnacité en exigeant, contre l'acceptation française du projet britannique de création d'une zone de libre-échange, des garanties égales à celles obtenues pour le marché commun et en s'opposant à la conception conféderale que tenteront d'imposer les gaullistes dans les années soixante. À la fin de celles-ci, deçu par les difficultés que connait la construction européenne et moins influent par la perte de la direction du parti radical qu'il contrôlait depuis 1961, il se replie sur ses mandats locaux, sans pour autant renoncer complètement à la construction européenne, en faveur de laquelle il s'engage encore sporadiquementElected member for Lot in 1951, Maurice Faure discovered the european idea and joined the federalist circles. Appointed secretary of state at foreign affair in Guy Mollet's very european government, he fist began the talks concerning the retrocession of Sarre to Germany, with success; then he took the head of the French delegation negotiating the commom market and Euratom. At the top of his carreer, the treaties of Rome will then be the object of all Maurice Faure's attention. He will support them with pugnacity, by demanding in exchange of the French acceptation of the british project to create a free-trade zone, equal guarantees to those obtained for the common market and by standing in opposition to the confederal conception the Gaullists will try to impose in the sixties. At the end of that period, disappointed by the difficulties met by the European building and less influent because he had lost the head of the radical party he had controlled since 1961, he turned to his local mandates, without completely abandonning the European building for witch he still sporadically gets involved
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Onder, Oytun. "Corruption And Internal Fraud In Turkish Construction Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613508/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to develop an understanding about internal fraud and corruption problem in Turkish construction industry. During the research, the reasons behind the internal fraud and corruption problem, types of internal fraud and prevention methods for internal fraud and corruption were investigated and various recommendations were developed. Moreover, fraud risk awareness questionnaire was implemented to understand the likelihood occurrence of internal fraud types in construction sector and proactive and reactive measures against these problems. Moreover, types of fraud incidences experienced by Turkish construction companies were also investigated with the questionnaire. The questionnaire reached to 89 respondents and, recommendations to prevent internal fraud and corruption problem were developed by detailed statistical analyses.
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Rambour, Muriel. "Post-nationalisme et intégration politique communautaire : réflexions sur l'avenir de l'Etat-Nation face à la construction européenne." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR30018.
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Le processus d'intégration communautaire et la définition de ses perspectives politiques conduisent à examiner la place qu'occupent les États dans cette configuration nouvelle Cette thèse se propose de mobiliser l'optique post-nationale - développée notamment par le philosophe allemand Jürgen Habermas - pour explorer ce mouvement simultané de construction européenne et de mutations internes à l'État-nation. Une telle posture offre un double intérêt. Elle permet d'appréhender de maniére critique la problématique de la structure politique et institutionnelle de l'Union. Elle peut aussi être employée dans l'analyse de l'identification et de l'implication des citoyens dans la discussion du projet européen, qui reste marquée par la prégnance des histoires et des cultures nationales La pertinence du cadre conceptuel post-national est alors appréciée au prisme des positions défendues dans ce débat par différents acteurs, qu'il s'agisse des responsables politiques nationaux, des institutions européennes et de leurs représentants, des groupes de réflexion ou d'autres membres de la "société civile". Cette confrontation avec la pratique du politique au sein de l'Union européenne montre que l'optique théorique post-nationale peut finalement faire figure d'idéal-type dans le commentaire des débats sur la finalité de l'intégration communautaire, et dans la réflexion sur les adaptations du principe démocratique à la fois induites et requises par la construction européenneThe process of European integration and the discussion of its political prospects lead to examine the place of the states in this new configuration. This thesis aims at mobilizing the post-national view, mainly inspired by the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas, in order to explore this simultaneous movement of European construction and internal changes in the nation-state. Such a scientific posture offers two major interests. It makes it possible to focus, in a critical manner, on the problematic of the political and institutional structure of the European Union. Post-national theory can also be used in order to study citizens' implication in the current debale about the European project. The relevance of this conceptual framework can then be evaluated according to the assertions defended by various actors, such as national political leaders, European institutions and thelr representatives, "think tanks" and other members of the "civil society". This analytical confrontation shows that post-national theory is quite a guideline in the debates about the purposes of the European integration, as weil as in the way ta conceive the democratic adaptations induced - and at the same time required - by this process
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Boissy, Xavier. "L'apport de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle à la construction de la séparation des pouvoirs : l'expérience des pays européens en transition démocratique-postcommuniste." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40033.
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Les cours constitutionnelles post-communistes ont accompli une oeuvre considérable dans la construction du régime de la séparation des pouvoirs, à travers le respect de son "esprit" et dans le respect de sa cohérence. Malgé les références formelles de textes, réduites ou presque et toujours implicites, les cours ont mis en oeuvre une règle d'opérationnalité des pouvoirs. Cette tâche était d'autant plus difficile qu'il s'agissait d'un contexte transitionnel fragile, par définition, et encore marqué par quelques récurrences culturelles où la place du droit et du juge était loin des exigences actuelles. Il s'agit de démontrer, concrètement, comment le juge a fait passer l'exigence virtuelle de la séparation des pouvoirs en "droit vivant" et en facilitant, par là, la bonne gouvernance des nouvelles institutions. Les cours ont instauré un véritable pouvoir législatif en tant que tel, en veillant aux conditions d'un travail parlementaire de qualité et à la cohérence de la pyramide normative ; mais surtout en donnant une assise juridique au statut de l'opposition, en construction, dont le noyau dur est parlementaire. . .
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Réveillard, Christophe. "Tentatives de construction d'une Europe fédérale (1940-1954) : les premières communautés ou le fédéralisme européen contre les nations." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040059.
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Le problème des premières communautés européennes a toujours résidé dans l'opposition entre la constitution d'une communauté supranationale, puis fédérale et le maintien de politiques nationales souveraines. Pendant la guerre avec la résistance, puis dans les années d'immédiat après-guerre, c'est essentiellement doctrinalement que se constituera une pesée fédéraliste européenne. Le concept de supranationalité transférant dans un mécanisme commun des pouvoirs ressortant de la souveraineté nationale fut développé. Ce fut l'addition des traites de CECA en 1951, de CED en 1952 et de la CPE en 1953 qui devait permettre la création d'une authentique fédération. Mais l'échec de la CED en août 1954 provoqua également la fin du processus communautaire supranational à vocation fédéraleThe main problem of the first European communities was always in the opposition between the creation of a supranational concept, which was going to be a federal concept, and the preservation of national policies. During the Second World War, with the resistance, and in the post war years (1945 - 1950), the federal ideology was born and it grew in federal organizations. After addition of European coal and steel community (1951), European defense community (1952) and European politic community (1953) could afford to create a true European federation. However, the defeat of the European defense community, in august 54, was the defeat of the attempt of the federal Europe’s creation
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Theodoropoulos, Petros. "L'union de l'Europe occidentale et la construction européenne de sécurité." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21026.
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L'ueo a ete creee en octobre mille neuf cent cinquante-quatre dans le cadre des accords de paris afin de resoudre deux problemes etroitement lies : le rearmement de l'allemagne et le renforcement de la securite de l'europe occidentale. Pendant les trente premieres annees, l'ueo reste un spectateur engage de la construction europeenne. En etant la premiere organisation de controle des armements, elle permet l'instauration d'un climat de confiance entre les europeens de l'ouest. Elle est utilisee comme un instrument pour faciliter le deblocage de la construction europeenne pendant les annees soixante et contribue a l'adhesion de la grande-bretagne aux communautes europeennes. Pendant les annees soixante-dix le conseil de l'ueo ralentit son activite. En revanche son assemblee se penche sur les questions de securite et de defense europeenne et souligne la specificite de l'organisation dans ce domaine. Apres mille neuf cent quatre-vingt-quatre l'ueo est reactivee et devient un acteur de la construction europeenne de securite. Au debut elle reste un forum a l'interieur duquel les questions de securite sont abordees entre europeens. Avec l'effondrement du bloc de l'est la construction europeenne de securite s'accelere et l'ueo devient l'acteur central de la reorganisation du systeme de securite occidental. Elle est une organisation autonome de compromis qui permet a la fois le renouvellement de l'otan et la mise sur pied d'une politique de defense europeenneThe weu was created in october nineteen fifty-four within the context of the paris agreements in order to resolve two problems closely connected : the rearmament of west germany and the consolidation of western european security. During the first thirty years weu did not develop its activities unlike the other european organizations. It remained a committed spectator of european construction. The weu was the first organization in the domain of arms control and contributed to the establishment of a climate of trust between the western european countries after the two world wars. It also became a framework within which great britain tried to approach the six european community members which were at the same time its partners in the weu. After great britain's membership to the european communities the assembly of the weu took charge of its essential activity. It forced the council to reaffirm the competence of the weu in the domain of european defence and security. The weu has become an actor of european security construction since its revitalization, in october nineteen eighty-four. Over the course of five years it has been a forum within which europeans discuss questions concerning security. Since the collapse of communism the weu has been the central actor in the reorganization of the western security system. The wey is the organization that allows the renovation of nato and at the same time, the establishment of a european defence policy
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Ferguson, A. J. L. "Dilution refrigerator : Design, construction and performance." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378638.
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Batzer, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth). "Design and construction of a dynamometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68827.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011."June 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 20).
Access to a dynamometer is a useful tool for any electrical system where the motors must be selected from various suppliers and fully characterized. Motor suppliers usually provide a torque, speed, efficiency curve, but it frequently lacks complete motor characterization and includes motor controller losses in the total system loss. The dynamometer presented in this thesis is primarily designed for testing of high efficiency motors and motor controllers in the power and speed range requires for competition in the World Solar Challenge, a transcontinental race for solar electric vehicles. The testing specifications of a solar electric vehicles are uncommon among motor testing needs because it requires high torque, low power, high efficiency, and the only a small operating range. This thesis covers the design and construction of the dynamometer.
by Rachel E. Batzer.
S.B.
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Bibby, Lee. "Improving design management techniques in construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/793.
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Recent years has seen a significant drive away from traditional procurement routes with contractors finding themselves with an increasing responsibility for control of design - a process they have had little experience in managing. They now have to adapt accordingly. The learning curve is steep, not least because many projects must now be delivered fast track while co-ordinating increasingly complex fabric and content of buildings without a platform of accepted good practice to manage the design process. This is a major factor preventing the UK construction industry from delivering projects on time, to budget and to the specified quality. There is a need to educate an increasing number of people in design management techniques to equip them to manage today's fast moving and demanding projects. However, many current design management tools are insufficiently developed for industry application. Therefore, to improve design management in the industry, current techniques must be modified to align them with the needs of the modern design manager. This research has developed and tested a training initiative aimed at improving design management practice within a major UK Design and Construct Contractor. It comprises a Design Management Handbook, Design Management Training, Team Support and Project Monitoring. The Design Management Handbook is the core of the training initiative. It addresses critical aspects of design management practice and provides design management tools. Training provides guidance to project teams on the tools and practices. In Team Support project teams are supported in the implementation of the new practices and tools to help embed new ways of working in company practice. Project Monitoring establishes the impact of the new practices on project performance to demonstrate that they are working and thus reinforce change. To establish the training initiative's effectiveness and key findings, the impact of the initiative on design management performance has been explored. The research has established which practices and tools were used, which were not, as well as an understanding the applicability and performance of each Handbook practice and tool. From this, barriers to implementing new design management tools in industry were identified and strategies developed in order to overcome such barriers.
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Jeffries, James R. "Construction implications of photolithography equipment design /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Gonzalez, Alvaro Eduardo. "Organisational Design & Mirroring in Construction." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15086.
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The mirroring hypothesis posits that an intrinsic connection exists between the architecture of a product and that of the organisation which produces it, which can influence operational efficiency. The mirroring hypothesis is applicable to construction wherein organisational design is concerned with the establishment of governance frameworks for the procurement of projects and product design is that of buildings and engineering structures. This thesis investigates the hypothesis that design data architecture mirrors component architecture in a construction project. A general procedure has emerged to investigate the mirroring hypothesis, consisting of three steps: the capturing of product architecture, the capturing of organisational architecture, and comparison of the two. The subject project is a completed building. The capturing of architecture is achieved by modelling functional dependency between components in the form of a node-link network structure. It was found that the subject project did not exhibit a high degree of visible or otherwise mirroring, hence the hypothesis is concluded to be false in this case. An explanation is that two architectures within one have been identified in the model. This makes senses because design data is structured into packages associated with design disciplines which are associated with sub-systems, which in turn corresponds to design team structure. On the other hand, the components model was prepared principally on the basis of physical connectivity. The result implies for organisational design in construction that the design management role should either be carried out by the architect for mirroring alignment, or, to mitigate misalignment, by a third party with design background as opposed to a construction background.
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Tisaj, David. "Design and construction of a tachometer." Thesis, Tisaj, David (2014) Design and construction of a tachometer. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25564/.
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The purpose of this report is to provide a guided tour of how everything was achieved by choosing the right parts, implementation and building, testing, results and of course to inspire future projects and students into making student level tachometers because they all come in different shapes and sizes. A microcontroller programmed using the Arduino software on Microsoft Windows in a combination of C and C++ was used to control various circuitry and brought the device to life with the Arduino software and a few external libraries. Various alterations and upgrades could be made to this device as this thesis only explores a fraction of the endless possibility of technologies, methods, programs, and electrical components.
This thesis paper contains extensive research and will explore where tachometers came from and the current sensor technology used today such as the Hall Effect, generator, light reflected from a laser or an optical encoder that can determine position of a rotating device. The different technologies’ advantages and disadvantages will be looked into because in differing circumstances one might be better than the other. The specifications for this thesis are to measure and display the movement of a rotating machine in revolutions per minute or radians per second. The idea of the project was to make all the parts fit into a box and make it portable so getting the right battery was a cost versus function compromise.
Tachometers are essentially used for measuring speed and can be in turn, control manually or automatically some aspect of the measured machine. Tachometers can be used for scheduling maintenance after certain mileage and therefore reducing costs over a machine’s lifetime.
The basis for measurement is by using the Arduino’s interrupt function which will take quick and accurate time based measurements. The internal pull up resistor built into the Arduino’s board will ensure no false positives are recorded when a falling edge is present on the interrupt pin. Specifications from data sheets are examined in great detail to prevent damage to any of the components and part of the method is testing along the way and looking for problems and solutions.
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Ajayi, Saheed O. "Design, procurement and construction strategies for minimizing waste in construction projects." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/30123/.
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The construction industry contributes the largest portion of waste to landfill, and it consumes a significant proportion of mineral resources excavated from nature. Due to adverse environmental impacts of waste generation, as well as financial gains associated with its minimization, waste intensiveness of the industry has remained a major concern across nations. This study investigates the design, procurement and construction strategies for waste minimization, using a dynamic approach. Apart from an investigation of the key and underlying measures for construction waste mitigation, the study considers the interrelationship between stages of projects' lifecycle. This is as activities carried out at an earlier stage are capable of engendering occurrences at later stages of the dynamic project delivery processes. Following the tenets of critical realism philosophy and exploratory sequential mixed method, the study combined qualitative and quantitative approaches at intensive and extensive stages respectively. At the early stage of the study, data were collected through literature review and focus group discussions with industry experts. Results of the qualitative study were used to develop a questionnaire, which was analysed using statistical approach and structural equation modelling. As a means of investigating the key drivers of waste minimization at a holistic level, a system dynamic model was developed to simulate the interplay and effects of different strategies that were confirmed through the previous process. The study suggests that design stage has the most decisive impacts on construction waste minimization. At this stage, the key dimensions for designing out waste include design for modern methods of construction, collaborative design process, design for standardisation and waste-efficient design documentation. Error-free design and involvement of contractors at early design stage are part of the critical success factors for designing out waste. With design being much important for waste minimization, competencies of design in terms of waste behavioural competency, design task proficiency, construction-related knowledge and inter-professional collaborative competency are essential for designing out waste. Materials procurement process could enhance waste minimization by considering its key dimensions for driving waste-efficient projects, which includes waste-efficient materials purchase management, suppliers' alliance and waste-efficient bill of quantity. Efficient materials take-off and take back scheme are confirmed as critical success factors for driving waste minimization through materials procurement processes. During construction activities, waste could be reduced through prefabrication and offsite technology, contractual requirements, maximisation of materials reuse and improved collaboration, among others. Prefabrication, supply chain alliance and collaborative procurement routes are confirmed as the critical success factors for reducing waste during construction process. Dynamic interplay among these sets of strategies suggests that notwithstanding the significance of the different measures during design, procurement and construction processes, prefabrication technology and collaborative procurement route are the holistic drivers of construction waste minimisation. The study implies that designers could effectively drive waste minimization through dimensional coordination and standardisation of design in line with standard materials supplies. In addition to the need for prefabrication and offsite technologies, increasing collaboration among project team is requisite to reducing waste generated by construction activities. By implementing the strategies suggested in the study, substantial proportion of construction waste would be diverted from landfill.
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Sinclair, Anthony Gerard Meehan. "Technology, design and the division of labour in Solutrean Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251516.
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Unger, Brigitte, and Van Waarden Frans. "A Comparison of the Construction Industry in Europe, Characteristics, Governance, Performance and Future Perspectives." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1993. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6293/1/WP_18.pdf.
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Dethier, Guy. "Les mutations de la sidérurgie française face à la mondialisation : (concurrence et développement de la construction européenne)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040030.
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La sidérurgie française, base de nombre d'activités économiques, pouvait difficilement échapper à la globalisation des échanges et à la mondialisation de son développement. Restée longtemps une activité nationale par la nature de ses productions, elle le restera aussi dans sa gestion patrimoniale. Les deux grands conflits mondiaux vont mettre l'activité sidérurgique au centre de l'idée de construction européenne, idée qui s'était jusqu'alors surtout développée autour de projets politiques. Le besoin de paix de l'après-deuxième guerre mondiale et la nécessité d'assurer le développement de la production d'acier français conduisent Jean MONNET à proposer une solution à ces problèmes. L'Europe sidérurgique issue du Traité CECA allait donc être la base d'un développement des échanges et permettre un élargissement à d'autres domaines et à d'autres partenaires que les six pays fondateurs. Cette nouvelle donne n'allait pas engendrer rapidement de mutations significatives pour la sidérurgie française du fait de la forte demande du marché, qui prévaudra jusque la crise de 1974. Cette crise allait mettre sur le devant de la scène de nouveaux acteurs sidérurgiques et de nouvelles filières de production très compétitives conduisant les sidérurgies traditionnelles à une situation de faillite. Les nécessaires restructurations découlant de cette situation, appuyées par des dispositions communautaires, après la nationalisation, puis la privatisation du secteur en France, allaient conduire à la restauration de la rentabilité des entreprises, à un fort développement externe et à une mondialisation des activités ; cette évolution conduira la sidérurgie française à participer à la création du leader mondial de la professionThe French steel industry, as a basis of numerous economical activities, could hardly avoid trade globalization and its worldwide development. For long a national activity by the nature of its production, its patrimonial management will be as well. The two major world conflicts will thrust the steel industry activity into the heart of the idea of European construction, idea that had mainly been developed around political projects. The urge for peace after World War II and the need to ensure the development of the French steel production brought Jean MONNET to propose a solution to these issues. The European steel community resulting from the CECA treaty would thus be the basis of development of trade and allow an enlargement to other fields and other partners than the six founding countries. This new deal would not yield rapidly any significant mutations for the French steel industry due to the strong market demand which will prevail until the 1974 crisis. This crisis would push forward new steel protagonists and new highly competitive fields of production leading traditional steel industries to the bankruptcy. The necessary restructuring resulting from this situation, backed by Communauty measures, after nationalization, then privatization of the sector in France, would lead to the restoration of profitable business, high external development and activity globalization. This evolution will lead the French steel industry to take part in the creation of the world leader in the profession
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Scandella, Julie. "L' Union européenne et l'Iran entre crises et dialogues : l'école européenne" à l'épreuve du "laboratoire iranien" (1992-2005) : construction de deux diplomaties et processus de décision." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0006.
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Petras, James P. "Prefabrication and the Construction Industry: An Examination of Design, Construction, and Efficiency." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277120331.
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De, Angelis Emma. "The political discourse of the European Parliament, enlargement, and the construction of a European identity, 1962 - 2004." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/188/.
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This thesis explores the European Parliament's construction of European identity in enlargement discourse between 1962 and 2004. It focuses on the idea of "Europe" a constructed by the European Parliament over the past 50 years, analysing both the way which MEPs discuss the idea of Europe and European identity and also looking through the lens at the development of what has so far been a largely neglected institution in the historiography of European integration. The European Parliament is a common subject of political science studies, which often focus on the dynamics of party politics and elections. European identity is also a ubiquitous subject of many political science, sociological, and historical works. Historians of European integration, however, have dedicated little attention to either. This work thus places itself at the intersection of the literature on the idea of European identity, the European Parliament, and European enlargement. The thesis makes a contribution to the understanding of the historical development of a European identity discourse with the enlargement context, showing how one amongst the Community institutions attempted to legitimise the expansion and continuation of the process of European integration through the discursive construction of a European idea. It traces the main themes that emerge over the years out of this construction, from political identity to historical narratives and cultural elements, analysing how MEPs develop these different bases if identity in different enlargement contexts. It then looks at Turkey as a special case study of an enlargement that is still underway and explores the identity themes that emerge from the discourse surrounding this open-ended process. Ultimately, the thesis also shows that the European Parliament, thus far overlooked in the historiography of European integration, is in fact worthy of closer scrutiny as an institution in its own right.
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Siehler, Bernd Andreas. "European construction companies as global players towards the new millennium." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/european-construction-companies-as-global-players-towards-the-new-millennium(9d040882-a009-4f45-8923-d8173a88da62).html.
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In the 1990s, globalisation became the 'Zeitgeist', with commercial companies striving to become "global players". Under these globalising influences, European construction companies have to respond to a significant reorientation of their markets, which range from the Domestic to the European and the Global markets. They have, therefore, to formulate global strategies to create and sustain competitive positions. This thesis reviews organisation and management theory on global strategies, and applies this theory to examine how a sample of European contractors has approached this strategic challenge. In this thesis "global player" is defined qualitatively as a firm that regards the whole world as a playing field, and shows that some European contractors are leading global players. This research study determines the global position, applied global strategies and competitive advantage of the top European international contractors, for three market levels (Domestic, European and Global) and also for individual international markets. For this, a research model has been developed to illustrate a logical relationship of the factors and markets which influence the position of a company, via global strategies, to a proposed global organisation based on the principles of "glocalisation". In part inspired by Porter's (1990) work, competitive advantage of contractors has also been examined in relation to home country specific characteristics. Furthermore Michael Porter's (1980) 'five forces model' has been developed to the special characteristics of the construction industry, from a contractors perspective, into a 'seven forces model'. The study is carried out by means of in-depth interviews with executives from 11 UK and 11 German top international contractors. In addition, 68 interviews were conducted with European contractors in South East Asia (Indonesia 21; Laos 3; Malaysia 11; Singapore 3; Thailand 14; Vietnam 5); and the United Arab Emirates 11). Comparative analysis between the two contracting nations (UK and Germany), market levels, individual overseas markets and European contracting nations (France, Holland, Italy, Sweden) is carried out using quantitative and qualitative measurements. This information was supplemented by semi-structured qualitative case studies of European contractors as global players, so the applying a holistic approach to the research methodology. The study reveals that the power of the seven competitive forces is similar in each market, whilst the competition structure among contractors differed between each market, which is partly explained due to contractors' nationality. The study shows that successful strategies and operational performance of European global contractors in international contracting are especially dependent on certain markets and certain time periods, which makes them distinct global players. This non-homogenous market behaviour is proven by the underlying theory that positioning factors, global strategies in part and competitive advantage differ between markets and contractors. It is suggested that the top European contractors are global players. In their search for sustainable global, regional and local competitive advantage, towards the new millennium, they may be able to alleviate national barriers and differences among the markets from a superior global position in the ideal form of a global organisation. The realisation of glocalisation might then replace nation-specific advantages by global ownership.