Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Design and construction, 1945'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Design and construction, 1945.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Design and construction, 1945.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Acciai, Guy Francis. "The design and construction of the Reactive Systems Laboratory." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-124856/.
Full text
2
Saffar, Dezfouly Mohsen. "Design d'autobus en France (1905-1988)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040002.
Full textAbstract:
Le design d'autobus est une recherche sur les évolutions et les progrès techniques des autobus en France, comme un moyen de transport en commun. Quatre époques ont été abordées. 1) l'époque de la "substitution" (1905-23), à laquelle l'autobus à moteur à essence apparaissait et créait la première génération d'autobus. Le progrès du moteur à cylindre a bien influencé sur la naissance de cette génération. 2) l'époque du "perfectionnement" (1925-39), à laquelle l'autobus français commençait à spécifier et trouver sa place dans le système de transport collectif. La réalisation des nouveaux chassis et carosseries donnait un nouvel essor aux autobus de sortir de sa phase expérimentale et artisanale. 3) L'époque de la "transition" (1948-60), c'est pendant cette période que se mettaient en place les bases l'autobus standard, durant laquelle l'autobus français était en route vers une unification : moteur diesel, embrayage hydraulique, caisse entièrement fermée. , etc. . . Sont les caractérisitques des autobus de cette époque. 4) l'époque de la "standardisation" et de la" modernisation" (1964-88), à laquelle l'autobus standard voi le jour. A cette époque, l'autobus français entre dans une phase de la standardisation e d'unification des modèles d'autobus. Ce mouvement va jusqu'au monomodèlisme dans l'industrie d'autobus avec l'apparition de l'autobus R312 en 1987. Ces évolutions techniques pour l'autobus français ne pouvaient être réalisées sans une bonne relaion enre les exploitants et les constructeurs d'autobus pour répondre aux exigences des voyageurs.
3
Chin, Shaoan. "MOS-bipolar composite power switching devices." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54275.
Full textAbstract:
Two MOS-Bipolar composite power semiconductor switching devices are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. These devices feature high voltage and high current capabilities, fast switching speeds, simple gate drive requirements, savings in chip area, reverse bias second breakdown ruggedness and large safe operating areas. Application characteristics of the devices for high frequency power inverter circuits are discussed. Monolithic integration of the two composite devices are also proposed.Ph. D.
4
Girard, Laura. "L'architecture en briques en Midi toulousain (1910-1947) : les architectes face au renouvellement technique et culturel." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20032.
Full textAbstract:
Le XXe siècle est un siècle de mutations, à la fois dans la conception des espaces et dans la novation technique. Les matériaux et les procédés de mise en œuvre se développent, issus de recherches scientifiques et d’applications industrielles. Il se joue alors une transformation matérielle et culturelle de la société par l’architecture, où la novation technique cohabite avec les méthodes de construction traditionnelle, où les nouvelles constructions dialoguent avec les édifices du passé. Comment un matériau ancestral, donné par le site, appartenant à l’histoire du lieu, est-il réinvesti dans la conception architecturale nouvelle, dans un contexte culturel, économique et industriel spécifique ? Appliqué au Midi toulousain, comment la brique de terre cuite a-t-elle perduré et a-t-elle été réinvestie dans des projets contemporains durant le XXe siècle ? La thèse de doctorat en architecture se propose de répondre à cette problématique au travers de la novation de la brique de terre cuite en Midi toulousain, dans l’entre-deux-guerres élargi, 1910-1947. Cette période présente des contextes ambivalents voire duels : une production entre industrielle, semi-industrielle et artisanale, un contexte culturel entre aspirations modernes, et nouvelles, et régionalisme, et repli sur soi, et un contexte architectural qui oscille aussi entre nouveaux matériaux, avec l’usage croissant du ciment armé, et matériaux rustiques et bruts hérités de la tradition. La question de recherche que la thèse entend développer est la suivante : dans le Midi toulousain, où la brique est couramment employée depuis l’Antiquité, comment s’exprime, dans l’entre-deux-guerres, les valeurs de modernité et de nouveauté dans les projets des architectes ?The 20th century was a century of change, both in terms of spatial design and in terms of technical innovation. Materials and their utilization processes for evolved through scientific research and industrial application. Overall, a material and cultural transformation was taking place, with technical innovation coexisting with traditional construction methods, and with new constructions in constant dialogue with buildings from the past. Following these observations, a number of questions emerges: How is an ancestral material, given by the site and belonging to the history of the place, reinvested in the new architectural design; more so, in a particular cultural, economic and industrial context? Looking at the context of the Midi Toulousain, how did the terracotta brick persist and get reinvested in contemporary projects during the 20th century? This doctoral thesis in Architecture attempts to respond to these questions through an exploration of the innovation around the terracotta brick in the Midi Toulousain, in the enlarged interwar period between 1910 and1947 – r a period of several contradictions: : a production situated between industrial, semi-industrial and craftsmanship; a cultural context situated between modern aspirations, , and regional, inwards with drawl; , an architectural context that oscillates between new materials, with the increasing use of reinforced cement, and rustic,raw materials inherited from tradition. The research question of the thesis is as follows: in the Midi Toulousain, where the terracotta brick has been widely used since the Antiquity, how is modernity and novelty expressed in architectural projects of the architects in the interwar period?
5
Redstone, Victoria. "Design analysis of the American residential garage, 1900-1940." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260632.
Full textAbstract:
Research on the American residential garage from 1900 to 1940 has demonstrated that the following factors impacted garage design: the practical demands of the automobile, architectural styles, placement on a lot, and the socio-economic status of the garage builder. The shape and function of garages were dictated by the maintenance requirements of automobiles and the fire hazards associated with early cars. Architectural styles affected garage design by influencing the materials, roof shapes, and door designs of a given garage. These effects were more evident in garages designed to match an individual house. Catalog garages were shaped by current architectural styles, but these garages were simpler in order to be compatible with a wide range of house styles. Garage placement affected several aspects of garage design including amenities such as electricity and plumbing. Placement was also determined by external factors such as lot size and local zoning regulations. The socio-economic status of a homeowner molded a garage's appearance significantly. Economic considerations impacted garage design by resulting in anything from a simple wooden box with a roof to a two-story brick garage with an apartment.Department of Architecture
6
Gürdal, Zafer. "Automated design of composite plates for improved damage tolerance." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52291.
Full textAbstract:
An automated procedure for designing minimum-weight composite plates subject to a local damage constraint under tensile and compressive loadings has been developed. A strain based criterion was used to obtain fracture toughness of cracked plates under tension. Results of an experimental investigation of the effects of simulated through-the-thickness cracks on the buckling, postbuckling, and failure characteristics of composite flat plates are presented. A model for kinking failure of fibers at the crack tip was developed - for compression loadings. A finite element program based on linear elastic fracture mechanics for calculating stress intensity factor (SIF) was incorporated in the design cycle. A general purpose mathematical optimization algorithm was used for the weight minimization. Analytical sensitivity derivatives of the SIF, obtained by employing the adjoint variable technique, were used to enhance the computational efficiency of the procedure. Design results for both unstiffened and stiffened plates are presented.Ph. D.
7
Philizot, Vivien. "La construction du champ visuel par le design graphique : une épistémologie du regard." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC035.
Full textAbstract:
Au croisement des champs du design graphique, des visual studies, et de l’épistémologie, cette thèse interroge la dimension politique du regard, au travers d’une histoire critique de la modernité en design graphique. Empruntant à Bruno Latour ou Philippe Descola, cette histoire permet de faire apparaître comment le design graphique s’est constitué, à l’époque moderne, comme discipline consacrée au travail de la représentation. À l’image des sciences, le visible a lui aussi fait l’objet d’un « Grand partage », contribuant à construire et à structurer notre espace visuel, en imprégnant le regard moderne de ses préjugés et de ses inclinations. Les catégories qui se présentent alors sous une forme visuelle semblent bien pouvoir, par la métaphore, recouvrir des distinctions épistémologiques plus fondamentales, permettant d’une certaine manière de considérer que les principes de vision (les manières de voir) sont aussi des principes de division (des manières de comprendre et de connaître)From the intersection of the fields of graphic design, visual studies and epistemology, this thesis explores the political dimension of the gaze through a critical reading of modernity in graphic design. In this history, which borrows from Bruno Latour and Philippe Descola, graphic design emerges as a discipline that, in the modern period, has been devoted to the work of representing. Like the sciences, the visible has been subjected to a “Great Divide,” which has participated in how our visual space is constructed and structured by imbuing the modern gaze with its biases and inclinations. Categories that now appear in visual form seem to be able, through metaphor, to contain more fundamental epistemological distinctions. They also allow us to see how the principles of vision (ways of seeing) are in some sense also principles of division (ways of knowing and understanding)
8
Bolger, Mary Ann. "Designing modern Ireland : the role of graphic design in the construction of modern Ireland at home and abroad (1949-1979)." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2016. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/3543/.
Full textAbstract:
As the modernising Irish state sought to project a positive image of post-war Ireland, a paradox emerged: how could the symbolism of national distinctiveness (heretofore synonymous with the past) be reconciled with modernity? This thesis outlines the role which graphic design played in attempts to resolve tensions between the national and the modern. The thesis examines how design was mobilised as a symbol and agent of modernisation in Ireland in the run-up to and immediate aftermath of the 1958 ‘Programme for Economic Expansion’, widely considered to be the manifestation of an explicit state-led programme of modernisation. It examines the gradual replacement of the outward symbols of Republican Nationalism with a pervasive symbolism of modern efficiency, suggesting that this was a visual manifestation of the drive towards ‘organisation’ and rational management that gripped the civil service. It examines the paradoxical situation whereby designers in Ireland sought to present themselves and the nation as modern and professional, while the Irish Trade Board (charged with both design and export promotion) looked to professional designers abroad to present Ireland and her exports as traditional. Central to this discussion is the critique by designers (particularly those associated with Ireland’s first professional body, the Institute of Creative Advertising and Design) of so-called ‘Stage Irish’ versions of national image-making. An examination of their work and writings provides evidence for a series of alternative visual strategies for being Irish and modern —often quoting Celtic and early-Christian artefacts in otherwise modernist settings— which I have termed ‘Celtic modernism.’ From the early 1950s onwards, debates over ‘tradition’ and ‘modernisation’ were given visible form in the contentious issue of which letterform to use for the Irish language: ‘roman’ or ‘Gaelic’. This culminated in 1965 in the decommissioning of the Irish alphabet – at which point typography, that most everyday and habitually overlooked of visual material, became briefly visible and highly charged. The final section of the thesis focuses on the relationship between language, typography and identity. It argues that the debates about language reform in the mid twentieth- century led to a reconsideration of the variety of ways of ‘being Irish’ typographically and that the ‘Celtic’ associations of the uncial letter in particular offered potential for the negotiation of tradition and modernity. The thesis concludes that design in Ireland was presented as a means and a metaphor of modernisation. It attempts through an examination of a range of design examples, to follow Roland Barthes’s injunction to ‘track down in the decorative display of what- goes-without-saying’ the ideological constructions hidden in plain sight.
9
Thibaudeau, Isabelle. ""Catching at the design" : la construction du savoir dans l'oeuvre fictionnelle de Louise Erdrich." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0018.
Full textAbstract:
Ce projet étudie le processus de la construction du savoir dans six romans et quelques nouvelles de Louise Erdrich, écrivain contemporain d’origine amérindienne (Ojibwa). L’analyse des mécanismes par lesquels le texte guide l’activité interprétative permet d’identifier la présence d’un ensemble de stratégies de brouillage qui semblent faire obstacle à l’interprétation. Aussi troublante soit-elle, cette esthétique du dépaysement force le lecteur à s’interroger sur l’état et la pertinence de ses connaissances et de ses méthodes de lecture. Guidée par le regard réaliste magique, l’insolence du discours comique et par un ensemble de figures de fusion, l’activité interprétative est amenée à explorer l’espace hybride qu’est l’écart, et ainsi à comprendre ce qui se joue dans la rencontre de divers codes culturels. La poétique du lien permet alors de discerner la présence d’un vaste réseau de relations fonctionnant sur les principes du rhizome. C’est en effet ce modèle complexe qui régit la mythopoétique mise en place par la fiction d’Erdrich, et permet de saisir la définition de l’identité culturelle amérindienne qu’elle propose. C’est aussi lui qui commande sa réflexion métatextuelle et la définition qu’elle offre de sa propre identité artistiqueThis project analyses the process of the construction of knowledge in some fictional works by Native American (Ojibwa) writer, Louise Erdrich. The study of the mechanisms by which her fictions guide the readers’ interpretative activity underscores the presence of a number of strategies aimed, as it seems, at leading them to question the state and relevance of their knowledge and approach to the text. In the meantime, the use of magic realism, comic discourse and a number of rhetorical and epistemic figures tends to highlight the necessity for readers to draw links in order to have access to the epistemology of the text and of the reality it features. The materialisation of such links helps shape a vast network of relationships functioning on the principles of the rhizome. The rhizome becomes an appropriate epistemological model giving access to the mythopoeic dimension of Erdrich’s fiction, to its conception of Native American cultural identity, and to the definition of its own artistic identity. Theories drawn from pragmatics, semiotics and epistemological criticism nourish this analysis which also implies a reflection on such issues as hybridity, History, myth, orality, intertextuality, metatextuality and postcolonialism
10
Strauch, Gregory J. "Integrated multi-disciplinary design of a sailplane wing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45660.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research is to investigate the techniques and payoffs of integrated aircraft design. Lifting line theory and beam theory are used for the analysis of the aerodynamics and the structures of a composite sailplane wing. The wing is described by 33 - 34 design variables which involve the planform geometry, the twist distribution, and thicknesses of the spar caps, spar webs, and the skin at various stations along the wing. The wing design must satisfy 30 â 31 aeroelastic, structural, aerodynamic, and performance constraints.
Two design procedures are investigated. The first, referred to as the iterative, sequential procedure, involves optimizing the aerodynamic design for maximum average cross-country speed at E1 constant structural weight, and then optimizing the the structural design of the resulting wing geometry for minimum weight. This value is then used in another aerodynamic optimization, and the process continues iteratively until the weight converges. The other procedure, the integrated one, simultaneously optimizes the aerodynamic and the structural design variables for either maximum average cross-country speed or minimum weight.
The integrated procedure was able to improve the value of the objective function obtained by the iterative procedure in all cases. This shows The objective of this research is to investigate the techniques and payoffs of integrated aircraft design. Lifting line theory and beam theory are used for the analysis of the aerodynamics and the structures of a composite sailplane wing. The wing is described by 33 - 34 design variables which involve the planform geometry, the twist distribution, and thicknesses of the spar caps, spar webs, and the skin at various stations along the wing. The wing design must satisfy 30 â 31 aeroelastic, structural, aerodynamic, and performance constraints. Two design procedures are investigated. The first, referred to as the iterative, sequential procedure, involves optimizing the aerodynamic design for maximum average cross-country speed at E1 constant structural weight, and then optimizing the the structural design of the resulting wing geometry for minimum weight. This value is then used in another aerodynamic optimization, and the process continues iteratively until the weight converges. The other procedure, the integrated one, simultaneously optimizes the aerodynamic and the structural design variables for either maximum average cross-country speed or minimum weight.
The integrated procedure was able to improve the value of the objective function obtained by the iterative procedure in all cases. This shows that definite benefits can be gained from taking advantage of aerodynamic/structural interactions during the design process.
Master of Science
11
Giatti, Brandon. "Optical Properties of Nanostructured Dielectric Coatings." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1940.
Full textAbstract:
Solar cells have extrinsic losses from a variety of sources which can be minimized by optimization of the design and fabrication processes. Reflection from the front surface is one such loss mechanism and has been managed in the past with the usage of planar antireflection coatings. While effective, these coatings are each limited to a single wavelength of light and do not account for varying incident angles of the incoming light source. Three-dimensional nanostructures have shown the ability to inhibit reflection for differing wavelengths and angles of incidence. Nanocones were modeled and show a broadband, multi-angled reflectance decrease due to an effective grading of the index.
Finite element models were created to simulate incident light on a zinc oxide nanocone textured silicon substrate. Zinc oxide is advantageous for its ease of production, benign nature, and refractive index matching to the air source region and silicon substrate. Reflectance plots were computed as functions of incident angle and wavelength of light and compared with planar and quintic refractive index profile models. The quintic profile model exhibits nearly optimum reflection minimization and is thus used as a benchmark. Physical quantities, including height, width, density, and orientation were varied in order to minimize the reflectance. A quasi-random nanocone unit cell was modeled to better mimic laboratory results. The model was comprised of 10 nanocones with differing structure and simulated a larger substrate by usage of periodic boundary conditions. The simulated reflectance shows approximately a 50 percent decrease when compared with a planar model. When a seed layer is added, simulating a layer of non-textured zinc oxide, on which the nanocones are grown, the reflectance shows a fourfold decrease when compared with planar models. At angles of incidence higher than 75 degrees, the nanocone model outperformed the quintic model.
12
McBride, William M. "The effect of wing wall geometry and well deck configuration on the stability characteristics of amphibious landing ship dock (LSD) class ships." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101234.
Full textAbstract:
Amphibious ships, configured with floodable well decks, present a unique challenge to the Ship Design Team to incorporate maximum troop, cargo and vehicle capacity, along with sufficient well deck size, to facilitate efficient operation of LCAC (Landing Craft Air Cushion) and other amphibious assault craft in support of power projection operations. Analysis of the various LSD 49 Class alternative designs, revealed significant variance in the stability limits for each design. These variations appeared to be directly attributable to wing wall size, as well as to the geometry of the well deck. In order to better understand the effect of these items, and to develop guidelines for future design efforts, this study concentrated on evaluating the stability limitations for various combinations of beam, well deck configuration, and wing wall size using an LSD 49 Class proposed hull form. The results indicated that the most significant parameter affecting the stability of the LSD 49 Class is the height of the well deck above the baseline. The higher the well deck, the smaller the loss of waterplane inertia caused by the entrance of flooding water into the well deck compartment. For lower well decks, the loss of waterplane inertia is more critical at smaller values of beam, but becomes less critical at the upper values of beam considered. In these cases, off-center wing wall flooding becomes more critical, and it is more advantageous to devote larger percentages of beam to the well deck compartment.M.S.
13
Brinkman, Karen L. "Design of a microcomputer-based open heart surgery patient monitor." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76031.
Full textAbstract:
A patient monitor device for use during open heart surgery has been designed and constructed. The device uses a VIC 20 microcomputer along with some additional circuitry to monitor 3 separate functions. The first patient variable monitored is the blood flow rate through the extracorporeal blood circuit during surgery. The device also continuously monitors and displays 6 separate temperatures. Finally, 3 individual timers are monitored and displayed with the device. Both the hardware and the software used in the design are fully described.Master of Science
14
Dody, Joseph W. "Study of biomass combustion characteristics for the development of a catalytic combustor/gasifier." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43039.
Full textAbstract:
The research reported here explored, a "new" approach to biomass
energy conversion for small-scale process heat-applications. The conversion process uses close-coupled catalytic. combustion to burn combustibles in effluent generated by primary combustion or gasification of biomass fuels. Computer control of primary and secondary air flow rates allow control of the devices output power while maintaining fuel-lean or stoichiometric conditions in the effluent entering the catalytic combustion zone. The intent of the secondary combustion system is to ensure "clean" exhaust (i.e., promote complete combustion).
A small-scale combustor/gasifier was built and instrumented.
Characteristics of combustion were studied for three biomass fuels so
that primary and secondary air flow control strategies could be devised. A bang-bang type controller was devised for primary air flow
control. Secondary air as controlled based on feedback signals from an inexpensive automobile exhaust gas oxygen sensor. The control strategies and catalytic combustion were implemented on prototype combustor/gasifier and the device was tested with good results.
Power turn down ratios of 4 to 1 and 3 to 1 were achieved. The
zitconia-type automobile exhaust gas oxygen sensors adapted well to the combustion environment of biomass fuel, at least for short periods (long term durability tests were not conducted). The secondary air control system was able to maintain fuel-lean flows for the most part and, the secondary combustion system provided reductions of approximately three fourths in carbon monoxide emissions.Master of Science
15
Kim, Kwanghyun. "An interactive design rule checker for integrated circuit layout." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50034.
Full textAbstract:
An implementation of an interactive design rule checker is described in this thesis. Corner-based design rule checking algorithm is used for the implementation. Due to the locality of checking mechanism of the corner-based algorithm, it is suitable for hierarchical and interactive local design rule checking. It also allows the various design rules to be specified very easily.
Interactive operations are devised so that the design rule checker can be invoked from inside the layout editor. All the information about the violation, such as position, type of violation, and symbol definition name are provided in an interactive manner. In order to give full freedom to the user to choose the scope of checking, three options, "Flattening", "Unflattening" and "User-defined window" are implemented in creating the database to be checked. The "User-defined window" option allows hierarchical design rule checking on a design which contains global rectangles. Using these three options, very efficient hierarchical checking can be performed.Master of Science
incomplete_metadata
16
Teeple, Lisa J. "Historical development of selected design amenities in central Indiana rural school buildings, 1875-1915." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865947.
Full textAbstract:
The purposes of this study were: (1) to study the conditions that influenced the construction of early rural schoolhouses in Indiana, (2) to examine how emerging concerns for sanitation and student health surfaced from the construction of early rural schoolhouses, and (3) to provide a data base for individuals who desire to do further research on school buildings and their historic preservation. The research concentrated on the period of 1875 to .1915. Special attention was given to conditions that led to the passage of the Sanitary Schoolhouse Act of 1911.Results revealed that early schoolhouses often were constructed as little more than shelters. Virtually no consideration was given to either educational processes or the health and safety of occupants. As a result, water and other design and care of water and sewage systems resulted insanitary factors became major concerns. The inadequate serious health concerns for students and teachers. These concerns contributed to the passage of laws that eventually led to: (1) the abandonment of early rural schoolhouses, and (2) the construction of more sophisticated structures often designed by professional architects.This study also revealed that some of those early schoolhouses that survived have been converted to residential, business, or civic purposes. Photographs of such buildings in Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Henry, Madison, and Tipton counties in Indiana are included in the thesis. They provide evidence that preservation is a means with which these buildings can continue to serve a useful existence.There is historical value in understanding conditions that led to the rise and fall of early rural school buildings. Collectively, data about the construction and sanitary conditions provide insights into rural culture, expand an appreciation of the uniqueness of design for these buildings, and enhance the importance and desirability of preserving these structures. The net product of this thesis is to provide a view of the construction of buildings in central Indiana of this period.Department of Architecture
17
Oliveira, Paula Maria de. "Hospital de São Sebastião (1889-1905): um lugar para a ciência e um lazareto contra as epidemias." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2005. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/3988.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-07T14:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)
000001.pdf: 630544 bytes, checksum: d8c9825210ded6fd86f6edb0a678713f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005Procura reconstituir a história do Hospital de São Sebastião, que foi fundado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 1889, como um dos últimos atos do Imperador D. Pedro II. O objetivo central foi a análise da relação da criação e estruturação do Hospital de São Sebastião com o debate sobre a causalidade das doenças, em especial a febre amarela, e com o desenvolvimento da medicina pasteuriana. Desta forma reconstitui o processo de criação da instituição, suas características arquitetônicas, e seu papel no processo de estruturação dos aparelhos institucionais, no campo da saúde pública, especialmente no cenário das epidemias. Analisa a arquitetura da instituição, relacionando-a com os debates existentes na época sobre arquiteturas hospitalares e com as correntes médicas hegemônicas na época.
18
Gueraud, Pinet Guylaine. "Musique et industries médiatiques. : Construction et mutations d'une musicalisation médiatisée à la télévision (1949-2015)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL015/document.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse étudie le rapport « musique-média » dans une perspective communicationnelle. Par une recherche centrée sur la musicalisation médiatisée, il s’agit d’analyser les intégrations musicales à la télévision entre 1949 et 2015. Construite sur un héritage intermédiatique et intergénérique, la mise en musique des programmes de télévision français témoigne depuis les années 1980 de l’industrialisation croissante de la production de deux filières des industries culturelles : la filière de l’audiovisuel et la filière de la musique enregistrée. Pour appréhender les enjeux sous-jacents à ces questionnements, une méthodologie inter-dimensionnelle a été mise en place : enquête sur l’activité professionnelle des monteurs (historiographie et entretiens semi-directifs) et analyses de corpus (analyse statistique et analyse de contenu thématique). Majoritairement focalisée sur la télévision de flux (magazine, télé-réalité, journaux télévisés, etc.), l’enquête s’est aussi ouverte à des productions fictionnelles (longs métrages et séries télévisées). Il ressort de ces analyses que dans un contexte de création rationalisée, les intégrations attestent de la prise en considération des valeurs symboliques de la musique dans des stratégies de captations des publics. Visibles au sein même des contenus, les changements remarqués entraînent ainsi une augmentation et une circulation accrue des images musicalisées, ce qui révèle une participation des médias à une culture industrialiséeThis doctoral thesis questions the relationship between music and the media from a communicational perspective. Relying upon the notion of mediatized musicalization, this research work offers an analysis of musical integrations featured on French television from 1949 to 2015. Building upon intermedia and integeneric foundations, the musical setting of French television programs bears witness to the ever increasing industrialization of two sectors of the cultural industries since the 1980’s: the audiovisual sector and the recorded music sector. In order to fully appreciate the issues at stake here, a composite methodology has been adopted mixing investigative research on the work of video editors (historiographical readings, semi-directive interviews) and corpus analyses (statistical analyses and thematically-oriented content analyses). One of the conclusions that can be drawn from these analyses is that, in a context of rationalized creation, musical integrations indicate that the symbolic value of music is taken into consideration as part of a wider strategy aimed at grabbing the attention of the public. These changes, noticeable in the contents, have led to the multiplication and to the growing circulation of musicalized images, thus reveal the involvement of the media in our industrialized culture
19
Campbell, David Scott. "Design and calibration of a rapid-response thin-film heat flux gage." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104303.
Full text
20
Deo, Nitin. "Completion and validation of the design of a reconfigurable image processing board." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53064.
Full textAbstract:
Starting in September 1984, the Telesign project is an extensive and complex project proposed and undertaken by Dr. Nadler at Virginia Tech. The emphasis of this project is to enable the members of the deaf community to communicate visually using sign language or lip reading over the telephone network.
The Image Processing Board (IPB) is the 'Brain' of the whole system. The IPB processes a given frame of an image to transmit only selected data. It uses the pseudo-laplacian operator, invented by Dr. Nadler, for edge detection. According to a recent survey of various edge detection algorithms by D. E. Pearson, [1], the pseudo-laplacian operator is the most efficient one and it produces the most natural pictures.
The whole IPB hosts about one hundred LSI/VLSI chips according to the present hardware description. In the case of such a big system, hardware simulation becomes mandatory in order to ensure reliability of the design and to anticipate any kind of logic or timing errors in the design. This thesis describes the modifications to the original design to make it reconfigurable with proper initialization and the Hardware Simulation of the IPB, using General Simulation Program (GSP), including some comments on the simulators available at Virginia Tech and in particular a critique of the simulator used here. Many improvements to the simulator are suggested. Precautions to be taken while preparing the lay-out and wiring of the IPB, suggestions to simplify the design at some points at the cost of a few more chips, and lastly the instructions to run the models to get the required results, are outlined in this thesis.Master of Science
21
Glanville, Abigail M. 1980. "Conde B. McCullough's Oregon Bridges: A Typological Study of the Designs and the Preservation of His Legacy." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9900.
Full textAbstract:
xiv, 133 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Oregon is recognized nationally for its collection of bridges designed by innovative civil engineer Conde B. McCullough in the 1920s and 1930s. His concern for aesthetic value fostered bridge designs that are unique in their architectural details and enhance their natural surroundings. Unfortunately, several of McCullough's bridges have deteriorated with age requiring the Oregon Department of Transportation to devise solutions which keep these bridges safe for public use and at the same time retain their historic quality. The purpose of this thesis project was to develop a typological study of his bridge designs, investigate the results of strategies applied to maintain them, and provide an analysis of the extent to which they sustain the historic integrity of structures they were applied to. It is hoped this study will help inform future decisions made regarding the effective preservation of McCullough's legacy.
Committee in Charge: Leland M. Roth, Chair; Robert W. Hadlow
22
Loferski, Joseph R. "A reliability based design procedure for wood pallets." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52303.
Full textAbstract:
Pallets are widely used to efficiently store and handle goods and are often subjected to bending and impact loads. The consequences of structural failure of a loaded pallet can include loss of goods, increased labor and equipment costs, and possible severe or fatal injury to humans. - The pallet industry, which annually consumes nearly 20% of all lumber manufactured in the United States, recognized a need for a rational design methodology, based upon engineering principles, to ensure consistent safety and economy in pallets of any geometry. To satisfy this need a cooperative research project between Virginia Tech, the U. S. Forest Service, and the National Wooden Pallet and Container Association was established. The objective of the project was to develop methods to design pallets for strength, stiffness, and durability. A primary expected benefit of the design methodology is to allow comparison of different pallet designs on a performance basis, without the need for extensive physical testing. This dissertation presents the results of this cooperative research project.
The developed methodology was computerized (Pallet Design System (PDS)) and is intended to allow pallet manufactures to obtain estimates of the maximum safe load capacity or the member dimensions required to resist known loads. Additionally, the program produces estimates of the durability and cost-per-use for pallets in specific service environments. PDS is limited in scope to pallets with up to four stringers and a maximum of 15 deckboards. Five different load types and four support modes can be analyzed. These include uniformly distributed and concentrated loads, and racked, stacked, and sling support modes. The techniques for estimating the strength and stiffness are based on matrix structural analysis and classical beam theory. The deckboard-stringer joints are modeled as spring elements, the stiffness of which are based upon characteristics of the fastener. Most fasteners commonly used in pallet construction (i.e. threaded nails or staples) can be analyzed. A probabilistic design technique based on mean value methods was applied in PDS to ensure safety in the resulting designs. The safety index was calibrated to pallet designs associated with warehouse load data. The physical properties of the material are estimated using either a modified clear-wood property approach (ASTM D-245 method), or in·graded testing of pallet lumber. The durability estimates are based upon studies of field data and economic analysis.Ph. D.
23
Vermaak, Elrien. "Development of a low phase noise microwave voltage controlled oscillator." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1940.
Full text
24
Diètre, Stéphanie. "L'émergence du visible interrogée par les architectes : le dessin de note et la construction du regard de Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, Paul Tournon et Jean-Charles Moreux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH012/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'intérêt philosophique pour la « visibilité » – Sichtbarkeit –, à la fin du XIXe siècle, participe d'une interaction nouvelle entre art, science et technique. Le dessin réunit les arts graphiques comme science du « visible ». Vitruve établit déjà que la « science de l'architecte » – Architecti scientia – prend valeur et se renforce par la « science du dessin » – Graphidis scientia. La recherche porte sur l'analyse du dessin que l'architecte utilise et produit lorsqu'il travaille à s'instruire selon son propre arbitre et ses propres moyens, hors les murs des écoles et des ateliers, au tournant du XIXe au XXe siècle. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (1887-1965), Paul Tournon (1881-1964) et Jean-Charles Moreux (1889-1956) voyagent pour leur apprentissage. Ils regardent le monde et transcrivent leur étonnement activé au contact de la réalité. De la même manière, pour se former, alors que leur production architecturale sera très différente, ils notent en dessin. Nous interrogeons la réduction intellectuelle et graphique de la note comme une forme courte de représentation. La forme courte est le travail conscient d'analyse et de recherche synthétique. Chaque trait est pensé et pensé comme matérialité. C'est un acte conceptuel d'abstraction. Comment cette forme courte, que nous interprétons dans sa vocation théorique, participe-t-elle de l'acquisition du « regard instruit » de l'architecte ?The philosophical interest for the « visibility », - Sichtbarkeit -, at the end of the XIXth century, involved a new interaction between art, science and technique. The drawing combines graphic arts as science of « visible ». Vitruve already establishes that the « science of the architect » – Architecti scientia – takes value and is reinforced by the « science of the drawing » – Graphidis scientia. The research relates to the analysis of the drawing which the architect uses and produces when he works to educate himself, according to his own referee and his own means, out of schools and the workshops, in the bend of the XIXth in the XXth century. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret (1887-1965), Paul Tournon (1881-1964) and Jean-Charles Moreux (1889-1956) travel for their learning. They look at the world and transcribe their astonishment activated in contact with reality. In the same way to form, while their architectural production will be very different, they note in drawing. We interview the intellectual and graphical reduction of note drawing, as a short form of representation. The short form is the conscious work of analysis and of synthetic research. Each feature is thought and thought like materiality. It is a conceptual act of abstraction. How this short form, that we interpret in his theoretical vocation, takes part-such of the acquisition of the architect's trained glance ?
25
Dennison, John Robert. "(e,2e) spectroscopic investigations of the spectral momentum densities of thin carbon films." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53869.
Full textAbstract:
An (e,2e) electron scattering spectrometer has been constructed and used for the first time to investigate the spectral momentum density of the valence bands of a solid target. This technique provides fundamental information about the electronic structure of both crystalline and amorphous solids. The three fundamental quantities, the band structure, electron density of states, and electron momentum distribution can be simultaneously derived from the measured (e,2e) cross section.
A review of single electron and (e,2e) scattering theory is given with an emphasis on scattering from solids. The effects of multiple scattering are discussed and a method of deconvoluting those effects from the measured (e,2e) cross section is developed.
There is a detailed description of the spectrometer design and operation with particular attention given to the electron optics and voltage distribution. The algorithms and software for computer aided data acquisition and analysis are also outlined, as is error analysis.
The techniques employed in the preparation and characterization of extremely thin film samples of a-C and single crystal graphite are described.
An analysis of the data taken for a-C samples is given. The data are compared with the results of complementary experiments and theory for graphite, diamond, and a-C which are given in a review of the literature. The existence of a definite dispersion relation ε(q) in amorphous carbon is demonstrated. The a-C band structure appears to be more similar to that of graphite than to that of diamond, however it differs significantly from both in some respects. The measured spectral momentum density seems compatible with a model of a-C based on small, randomly-oriented islands of quasi-2D graphite-like continuous random network structures. However, no definitive interpretations can be made until higher resolution experiments are performed on both a-C and single crystal graphite.Ph. D.
26
Johnson, Pamela Christine. "Bicycle Level of Service: Where are the Gaps in Bicycle Flow Measures?" PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1975.
Full textAbstract:
Bicycle use is increasing in many parts of the U.S. Local and regional governments have set ambitious bicycle mode share goals as part of their strategy to curb greenhouse gas emissions and relieve traffic congestion. In particular, Portland, Oregon has set a 25% mode share goal for 2030 (PBOT 2010). Currently bicycle mode share in Portland is 6.1% of all trips. Other cities and regional planning organizations are also setting ambitious bicycle mode share goals and increasing bicycle facilities and programs to encourage bicycling. Increases in bicycle mode share are being encouraged to increase. However, cities with higher-than-average bicycle mode share are beginning to experience locations with bicycle traffic congestion, especially during peak commute hours. Today, there are no established methods are used to describe or measure bicycle traffic flows.
In the 1960s, the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) introduced Level of Service (LOS) measurements to describe traffic flow and capacity of motor vehicles on highways using an A-to-F grading system; "A" describes free flow traffic with no maneuvering constraints for the driver and an "F" grade corresponds to over capacity situations in which traffic flow breaks down or becomes "jammed". LOS metrics were expanded to highway and road facilities, operations and design. In the 1990s, the HCM introduced LOS measurements for transit, pedestrians, and bicycles. Today, there are many well established and emerging bicycle level of service (BLOS) methods that measure the stress, comfort and perception of safety of bicycle facilities. However, it was been assumed that bicycle traffic volumes are low and do not warrant the use of a LOS measure for bicycle capacity and traffic flow. There are few BLOS methods that take bicycle flow into consideration, except for in the case of separated bicycle and bicycle-pedestrian paths.
This thesis investigated the state of BLOS capacity methods that use bicycle volumes as a variable. The existing methods were applied to bicycle facility elements along a corridor that experiences high bicycle volumes in Portland, Oregon. Using data from the study corridor, BLOS was calculated and a sensitivity analysis was applied to each of the methods to determine how sensitive the models are to each of the variables used. An intercept survey was conducted to compare the BLOS capacity scores calculated for the corridor with the users' perception. In addition, 2030 bicycle mode share for the study corridor was estimated and the implications of increased future bicycle congestion were discussed. Gaps in the BLOS methods, limitations of the thesis study and future research were summarized.
In general, the existing methods for BLOS capacity are intended for separated paths; they are not appropriate for existing high traffic flow facilities. Most of the BLOS traffic flow methods that have been developed are most sensitive to bicycle volumes. Some of these models may be a good starting point to improve BLOS capacity and traffic flow measures for high bicycle volume locations. Without the tools to measure and evaluate the patterns of bicycle capacity and traffic flow, it will be difficult to monitor and mitigate bicycle congestion and to plan for efficient bicycle facilities in the future. This report concludes that it is now time to develop new BLOS capacity measures that address bicycle traffic flow.
27
Shankar, Sanjeev. "Analysis of microprocessor based vehicular instrumentation and automatic passenger counting systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41570.
Full textAbstract:
Information on transit ridership and operations is a
necessary condition as far as efficient management is considered.
Transit managements on the acquisition of such a
data base can confirm predictions about scheduling, receive
warnings about potential dangers and plan future operations
on a much broader and precise base. Data from passenger counts provide essential information to marketing and scheduling
personnel by identifying peak load-points and the such.
Using manual collection methods for such data is expensive
and prone to human errors. Automatic Passenger Counting
(APC) systems are viewed as an improved and economical technique
for data collection. Such systems monitor the progress
of a particular vehicle -- its position, number of passengers
getting on and off, times and distances between stops -- and
make this data available for processing. These are state of
the art systems, mostly microprocessor based and often embracing
a modular structure. The Red Pine system is such a system with different dedicated modules for each bank of
tasks. Multitasking software is seen to be an powerful tool
for such systems and simplify the architecture of the system
hardware. A CHMOS hardware design, suited for multitasking
softwares is provided. Interfacing software for the Red Pine
system has been developed and is explained. Debugging testing
and simulation of the Red Pine hardware is detailed.
Modifications have been recorded and improvements suggested.Master of Science
28
Seth, Ernest L. "FASPEC, a program to determine group constants for up to 47 groups in a fast neutron spectrum." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45665.
Full textAbstract:
In reactor core design, a gap exists between the manual calculation of few-group constants and the many-group calculation, by large computer programs. A method is needed by which group constants may be calculated easily and quickly. The FASPEC program is designed to reduce the amount of manual calculation and to complement the large program by reducing the number of times the large program must be run to achieve desired results.
The program calculates group constants from 940 microgroups, collapsing to any user-specified number of macrogroups up to 47. FASPEC is based on group-averaged flux calculations by a solution of the Infinite medium neutron transport equation. Flux contributions from inelastic scatter are included while those from neutron upâ scatter are not. The energy spectrum considered is from 10 MeV to 0.625 eV. Required input is the atomic number density of each isotope, the number of macrogroups desired and the upper and lower microgroup numbers of each macrogroup. Input is facilitated by prompting in each case. Cross section look-up tables were provided by the Very Improved Monte Carlo code (VIM) for a mid-range Infinite hexagonal lattice. Self-shielding effects are included indirectly. A brief user's guide is provided.
Group constants calculated and stored for either terminal display or printed output are group number, lowest energy of the group, macroscopic removal cross section, macroscopic absorption cross section, diffusion coefficient, flux, macroscopic fission cross section, v, the average number of neutrons emitted per fission, and vΣf.
Master of Science
29
Kwiatkowski, Terese Marie. "The miniature electrical cone penetrometer and data acquisition system." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90934.
Full textAbstract:
The static cone penetrometer is an in-situ testing tool which was originally developed to derive information on soil type and soil strength. More recently, it has found application in liquefaction assessment. Typical cone penetrometers are heavy duty devices which are operated with the assistance of a drill rig. However, this capacity is not necessary in the case of field studies of liquefaction, since liquefaction usually occurs at relatively shallow depths. This thesis is directed to the goal of the development of a miniature, lightweight cone penetrometer which can be used in earthquake reconnaissance studies related to liquefaction problems.
The research for this thesis involved four principal objectives:
1. Development of procedures to automatically acquire and process measurements from a miniature electrical cone;
2. Develop and perform tests in a model soil-filled bin to calibrate the cone;
3. Evaluate the utility and accuracy of the cone results as a means to assess conventional soil properties; and,
4. Conduct a preliminary evaluation of the cone results in the context of recently developed methods to predict liquefaction potential.
The work in regard to the first objective involved assembling and writing software for a microcomputer based data acquisition system. Successful implementation of this system allowed data from the tests to be rapidly processed and displayed. Calibration tests with the cone were carried out in a four foot high model bin which was filled ten times with sand formed to variety of densities. The sand used is Monterey No. 0/30, a standard material with well known behavioral characteristics under static and dynamic loading.
The test results showed the cone to produce consistent data, and to be able to readily distinguish the varying density configurations of the sand. Using the results in conventional methods for converting cone data into soil parameters yielded values which were consistent with those expected. Liquefaction potential predictions were less satisfying, although not unreasonable. Further research is needed in this area both to check the reliability of the prediction procedures and the ability to achieve the desired objectives.M.S.
30
Bergès, Michel. "Corporatisme et construction de l'État." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10029.
Full textAbstract:
Pour la période 1852-1940, l'étude analyse le phénomène des grands corps dans la police, à leur date de constitution sous le Second Empire, puis le corporatisme syndical du tournant du siècle à 1940, montrant le lien étroit entre le corporatisme et le processus de construction de l'État administratif.
31
Penteado, Ana Paula Bonini. "Análise dos efeitos das variações das características do ambiente construído na percepção dos usuários." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1943.
Full textAbstract:
A percepção consciente e inconsciente do indivíduo tem um peso determinante no conforto do usuário em relação ao ambiente construído. Quando se diz respeito à percepção humana, estudos mostram que 75% daquilo que o indivíduo percebe, referem-se ao sistema visual, 20% relaciona-se a percepção sonora e somente 5% provém dos outros sentidos, como tato e olfato. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar como as variações das características do ambiente construído, associadas à visão e a audição, influenciam a percepção do indivíduo, traduzidas em sentimentos negativos ou positivos. Dessa maneira, será possível avaliar como as características percebidas do ambiente construído podem influenciar os usuários em relação ao ambiente. Ao perceber um ambiente, cada indivíduo o faz de maneira distinta. A pesquisa visa à identificação de como a percepção do usuário influencia a maneira de observar e sentir o ambiente e de que forma esses aspectos impactam nas características do projeto. Através da identificação de algumas características de projeto e de alguns sons relacionados com os ambientes construídos, foi elaborado um experimento composto por um questionário, contendo nove imagens e quatro sons que abrangem essas características. O questionário foi aplicado em estudantes dos cursos de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 2014. Com a aplicação do experimento, associando as imagens e os sons, com afetos positivos e negativos da escala PANAS (Escala de Afeto Positivo e Negativo), concluiu-se que, a percepção do indivíduo em determinadas características do ambiente, proporcionam um aumento de sentimentos ligados aos afetos positivos e em outros casos, aos afetos negativos. Sendo que a variação observada foi em relação a intensidade de sentimentos de afeto negativo. Foi analisado ainda a percepção em relação aos sentimentos e as características de projeto, em relação à orientação profissional e em relação ao gênero. Através dessa pesquisa, pôde-se perceber que o uso de maior incidência de iluminação natural, a utilização de pé-direito alto, a utilização de cor “fria” são características, que para a maioria dos entrevistados, trouxeram maior conforto e sentimentos relacionados aos afetos positivos, quando comparadas às outras características.The conscious and unconscious perception of the individual has a significant influence on the user's satisfaction with the built environment. When it comes to human perception, studies show that 75% of what the individual perceives refer to the visual system, 20% is related to sound perception and only 5% come from other senses such as touch and smell. In this sense, the objective of this work is to show how variations in built environment characteristics, associated with sight and hearing, influence the individual's perception, translated into positive or negative feelings. In this way, it will be possible to assess how the perceived characteristics of the built environment can influence users towards the environment. When perceiving an environment, each individual makes it in a distinct way. The research aims to identify how the user perception influences the way to observe and feel the environment and how these aspects impact the design features. By identifying some design features and some sounds related to the built environment, a composed experiment with a questionnaire was elaborated, contending nine images and four sounds that enclose these characteristics. The questionnaire was applied in students of the courses of Civil Engineering and Architecture and Urbanism of the Federal Technological University of the Paraná, in the months of November and December of 2014. With the application of the experiment, by associating the images and the sounds, with positive and negative affection of the PANAS Scale (Scale of Positive and Negative Affection), it was concluded that the individual's perception in certain environmental characteristics, provide increased feelings connected to the positive affects and in other cases, the negative affects. It was also analyzed the perception of the feelings and design features in relation to vocational guidance and in relation to gender. Through thisresearch, , it could be perceived which features have more impact on positive and negative feelings and which guarantee and provide comfort to the users of built environments.
32
Westerhoff, Kevin M. (Kevin Matthew) 1978. "Construction based design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84827.
Full text
33
Sewell, William Shaw. "Japanese imperialism and civic construction in Manchuria, Changchun, 1905--1945." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ48709.pdf.
Full text
34
Depondt-De, Ruidiaz Anne-Charlotte. "La construction métallique : le parcours de Paul Depondt, architecte." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010711.
Full textAbstract:
Paul Depondt, né en 1926, figure parmi les architectes français de la seconde moitié du XXème siècle fervents utilisateurs du métal dans la construction. Cet attrait résulte d'une formation aux Etats-Unis à l'Institut de Technologie de l'lllinois (1951-1954) encore sous la direction de Mies Van der Rohe, puis à Harvard (1955-1956) dirigé par Walter Gropius. En 1957, il est embauché dans l'agence de Marcel Lods à Paris. Il s'associe en 1964 (agence Lods Depondt Beauclair) en créant le Groupement d'Etude pour une Architecture Industrialisée (G. E. A. I. ). Architecte indépendant à Cergy-Pontoise (France) depuis 1974, ses recherches en matière d'architecture et de technologie concernent la stabilité périphérique (siège social 3M France réalisé en acier auto patinable. . . ), la construction sèche (immeuble de la D. D. A. S. S. . . . ), l'utilisation des produits à base d'acier plat. Il apparaît comme pionnier en France dans la réalisation de bâtiments à patios à usage industriel et tertiaire.
35
Riondel, Bruno. "Maurice Faure : un artisan de la construction européenne." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010501.
Full textAbstract:
Élu député du Lot en 1951, Maurice Faure rencontre l'idée européenne et s'agrège aux milieux fédéralistes. Nommé secrétaire d'état aux affaires étrangères dans le gouvernement très européen de Guy Mollet, il s'engage d'abord avec succès dans les discussions concernant la rétrocession de la Sarre à l'Allemagne, puis prend la tête de la délégation française qui négocie le marché commun et l'Euratom. Sommet de sa carrière, les traités de Rome vont constituer par la suite, l'objet de toute l'attention de Maurice Faure. Il les défendra avec pugnacité en exigeant, contre l'acceptation française du projet britannique de création d'une zone de libre-échange, des garanties égales à celles obtenues pour le marché commun et en s'opposant à la conception conféderale que tenteront d'imposer les gaullistes dans les années soixante. À la fin de celles-ci, deçu par les difficultés que connait la construction européenne et moins influent par la perte de la direction du parti radical qu'il contrôlait depuis 1961, il se replie sur ses mandats locaux, sans pour autant renoncer complètement à la construction européenne, en faveur de laquelle il s'engage encore sporadiquementElected member for Lot in 1951, Maurice Faure discovered the european idea and joined the federalist circles. Appointed secretary of state at foreign affair in Guy Mollet's very european government, he fist began the talks concerning the retrocession of Sarre to Germany, with success; then he took the head of the French delegation negotiating the commom market and Euratom. At the top of his carreer, the treaties of Rome will then be the object of all Maurice Faure's attention. He will support them with pugnacity, by demanding in exchange of the French acceptation of the british project to create a free-trade zone, equal guarantees to those obtained for the common market and by standing in opposition to the confederal conception the Gaullists will try to impose in the sixties. At the end of that period, disappointed by the difficulties met by the European building and less influent because he had lost the head of the radical party he had controlled since 1961, he turned to his local mandates, without completely abandonning the European building for witch he still sporadically gets involved
36
Xie, Xiaoling. "Communications in construction design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7571.
Full textAbstract:
Construction design has become an increasingly complex synthesis activity for which effective solutions depend upon co-operative participation by a number of people. Thus communication, including the integration of specialised knowledge and negotiation of differences between team members, is a vital process for collaborative design. A questionnaire survey was initially conducted to investigate communication issues and problems, which had been highlighted from a review of the literature, in current construction design. The results confirmed that communication among the different construction team members is often difficult although of paramount important to design outcomes. Based on these results, case studies have been carried out to gain further insights into communication issues and problems, and explore why and how they are caused. Through the application of multiple approaches, a model has been developed, which suggests strategies that may help participants communicate more effectively and ultimately improve the quality of construction design outcomes.
37
Didry, Claude. "La construction juridique de la convention collective en France : 1900-1919." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0083.
Full textAbstract:
Le but de cette thèse est de retracer le travail juridique qui a conduit au vote de la première loi sur les conventions collectives. Ce travail juridique prend la forme de débats contradictoires au sein d'organismes tels que la société d'études législatives. Un premier chapitre présente l'hypothèse d'une pluralité des mondes possibles du droit. Cette hypothèse permet d'évaluer la signification des analyses sur les groupes professionnels auxquels arrivent differentes écoles sociologiques. En reprenant cette hypothèse, un troisième chapitre est consacre a la construction du "contrat collectif" qui résulte de l'accumulation d'une jurisprudence autour de la question du droit d'esyer en justice des syndicats professionnels. Un quatrième et un cinquième chapitres montrent comment la "convention collective" se dégage, au cours de débats juridiques, d'une critique des limites du contrat collectif, pour intégrer sous une même notion contrats syndicaux et accords conclus en l'absence de tout syndicat, par exemple, pour mettre fin a une grève dans le cadre de l'application de la loi sur l'arbitrage et la conciliation. Le retour sur la loi de mil neuf cent dix neuf nous permet alors d'apprécier les ruptures que les lois ultérieures ont introduites, en limitant la convention collective aux seuls accords syndicauxThis thesis aims at entlighting the legal work that led to the vote of the first law on collective agreelments in france. This legal work consists in contradictory debates in organisations such as societe d'etudes legislatives. The first chapter presents the hypothesis of a plurality of possible worlds of law. This hypothesis then allows us to asess the significance of sociological analysis about the "groupes professionnels". The third chapter is dedicated to the construction of the "contrat collectif" from the jurisprudence on the "syndicats professionnels". The fourth and the fifth chapters show how collective agreements emerge from the criticism of the "contrat collectif" and its integration in a larger set. Such an emphasis ont he first law on collective agreements offers new insights on the ruptures which later laws led to
38
Fritsche, Maria. "(Re)construction of masculinities in post-war Austrian cinema 1945-1955." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494137.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis attempts to examine the relation between film and society in Austria 1945-1955. Cinema as a popular mass medium provided a forum in which issues of major concern, such as masculinity and national identity, could be debated and worked through. The thesis argues that through its representations of masculinities, the films helped to debate notions of Austrian identity, absolve Austrian men from responsibility for their actions in the war and readjust the position of men within the gender order by promoting specific ideals of masculinity. Neither the issue of masculinity nor post-war Austrian film production has received much scholarly attention in Austria, so this thesis provides an important evaluation of post-war cinema and sheds light on a period that was formative for modem Austria. Genre provides the lens through which the representations of masculinity are analysed in this thesis. The first three chapters establish the structures of Austrian post-war society and its film industry and discuss theories of masculinity that underpin the analysis. The ensuing chapters focus on the films themselves and analyse the specific tasks each genre fulfils.
39
Talamoni, Jean-Guy. "Littérature et construction politique : l'exemple du Primu Riacquistu corse (1896-1945)." Corte, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0033.
Full text
40
Soto, Leticia S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Construction design as a process for flow : applying lean principles to construction design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42995.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111).
Delays and cost overruns are the rule rather than the exception in the construction industry. Design changes due to lack of constructability late in the construction phase generating costly ripple effect which create delay and disruption throughout the entire organization, are the largest contributors to the stated rule. In the building construction industry, of increased competitiveness, demand from many companies continued effort to develop new methods and tools, in which the design for quality, cost, construability and reliability play an important role. The planning and management of building design has historically focused upon traditional methods of planning such as Critical Path Method (CPM). Little effort is made to understand the complexities of the design process; instead design managers focus on allocating work packages where the planned output is a set of deliverables. This current design method forces design teams to manage their work on a discipline basis, each working on achieving their deliverable as dictated by the design program with little regard of the relationship with other disciplines and organizations. In addition, because Architect and Engineering firms view design and construction as two separate independent phases of work in project it makes it difficult to verify constructability in a design and create flow in the overall process. The goal of this study is to look at how aligning interests, objectives and practices based on lean fundamentals, during the earliest stages of a project, as a method of improving construction performance.
by Leticia Soto.
S.M.
41
Hosseinabadi, Shahram. "Une histoire architecturale de cinémas : genèse et métamorphoses de l'architecture cinématographique à Paris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG021/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse étudie la naissance et l’évolution de cinéma comme type architectural en examinant deux-cent projets soumis, entre 1907 et 1939, à l’administration parisienne pour le permis de construire. Ceux-ci sont analysés selon quatre critères : l’implantation, les protagonistes, la conception architecturale et la réception des œuvres. Le parc cinématographique parisien, à la veille de la Seconde Guerre, est le résultat de trois vagues de constructions à la suite des événements marquants : la naissance du cinéma narratif (1907-1913), l’Armistice (1919-1920), l’avènement du parlant (1931-1938). Ces trois vagues riment avec trois phases successives dans la genèse du nouveau type : l’expérimentation, la théorisation et la modernisation. Ainsi est mise en évidence la constitution, dès 1907, d’un type originel architecturalement caractérisé par la triade projection-visibilité-publicité. Il en dérive, par la suite, différentes espèces qui, malgré leurs variations, restent « un hangar noir » plus ou moins judicieusement disposés et décorés pour un spectacle projeté sur écran, hangar doublé extérieurement d’une façade parlante et peu ou prou attrayanteThis thesis explores the emergence and the evolution of the cinema as a building type. It examines two hundred projects submitted to the Parisian administration for obtaining construction permits, from 1907 to 1939. These projects are analyzed according to four major criteria: localization, protagonists, architectural design and their reception. At the beginning of the Second World War, Parisian cinemas were mostly built through three waves of constructions subsequent to historical events: emergence of narrative cinema (1907-1913), end of the First World War (1919-1920), arrival of talkies (1931-1938). These three waves correspond with three successive phases in the rise of the new building type: experimentation, theorization, modernization. This study demonstrates that an original building type has been created since 1907, which is architecturally characterized by the trio of projection- visibility-appeal. From this original type different pieces are derived, that despite their variations are all a blind shed less or more judiciously designed and decorated for a show projected on the screen, a blind box covered by an attractive and expressive façade
42
Besson, Arnaud. "Les syndicats français et européens à l'épreuve de la construction européenne." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT4018.
Full textAbstract:
Le debut de la guerre froide, le compromis politique fordiste et les besoins de la reconstruction incitent les partisans du dirigisme economique et les federalistes a creer la ceca. La haute autorite consacre momentanement l'idee supranationale. La majorite des syndicats europeens accueillent avec enthousiasme ce projet. Les annees 50 seront pourtant celles d'une insatisfaction syndicale qui grandira jusqu'au traite de rome et bien plus encore apres. La c. E. E. N'a pas prevu l'europe sociale dans ce qui est devenu le processus de construction europeenne. La politique sociale et le droit social europeens prennent forme vers les annees 70. Le fordisme, qui permit une exceptionnelle croissance economique, s'effrite. La crise bouleverse le marche du travail : flexibilite, precarite, feminisation et tertiarisation en sont devenus les maitres-mots. L'etat social et le "modele social europeen" sont menaces. L'adaptation du syndicalisme europeen aux mutations, qui sapent sa finalite et son identite-meme, s'avere delicate. L'apres-fordisme annonce reste obscur mais le travail n'aura sans doute plus sa centralite actuelle. L'identification reciproque de la classe ouvriere et du syndicalisme amena celui-ci a elaborer un projet d'organisation economique et sociale depassant la simple sphere marchande. Un "nouveau syndicalisme" peut-il revendiquer pour son compte plus d'europe sociale susceptible de fonder un projet syndical europeen? l'etablissement d'un dialogue social communautaire, en 1985, a donne lieu a bien des deceptions syndicales. L'europe sociale est dans une impasse. Aucun traite ou texte n'empechera les delocalisations dans une union europeenne synonyme d'ouverture des marches. L'objectif syndical d'une plus grande cohesion economique et sociale est affirme a l'epreuve du chomage de masse. Les experiences syndicales italiennes, anglaises, allemandes et francaises montrent la primaute de l'ancrage national et la possibilite d'engager des interventions communesThe begining of the cold war, the fordist political compromise and the requirements of the reconstruction encouraged the supporters of economic state interventionism and the federalists to create the ceca. The high authority ratifies the supranational idea for a certain period of time. Most european unions, except the french c. G. T. And the t. U. C. Welcome the project enthusiastically. However the fifties will be the years of union dissatisfaction wich will grow till the rome treaty and even more after it. The e. E. C. Did not anticipate social europe within what is now called the process of european construction. Social policy and social european law take shape in the seventies. Fordism, which enabled an exceptional economic growth, is dwindling. The crisis shatters the labour market : flexibility, job insecurity, feminization, "tertiarization" are the key words. The welfare state and the "european social model" are threatened. European unionism finds it difficult to adapt itself to the changes which undermine its finality and its identity. The heralded "post-fordism" remains obscure but labour may no longer be the centre of preoccupations. The reciprocal identification of the workin class and of the unions led the latter to create a project of economic and social organisation exceeding the mere market field. Can a "new unionism" claim on its own behalf such social europe as to generate a union project? the building of a social and community dialogue, in 1985, gave rise to many union disappointements. Social europe has reacted a dead end. No treaty, no texts, will prevent relocations in the european union symbolizing the opening of the markets. The union project for a greater economic and social cohesion is confirmed when put to the test of mass unemployment. Italian, british, german and french union experiments show the pre-eminence of national anchorage and. . . The possibility of starting up joint actions
43
Noll, Maria Izabel. "La construction du varguisme : l'ordre pour principe, le progrès comme fin." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0023.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse se rapporte à l'histoire de la construction de l'Etat national brésilien entre 1930 et 1945 et aux tensions qui sont apparues dans cette période entre la volonté de centralisation politique et le fédéralisme oligarchique de la vieille république (1889-1930). La recherche s'est concentré d'une part sur la construction politique du varguisme au niveau national, d'autre part sur les sources idéologiques qui ont fondé sa politique. Il fallait étudier tant la formation intellectuelle de Getulio Vargas que son expérience politique régionale. Il avait fait ses études à la faculté libre de droit de Porto Alegre, avant de s'engager dans une carrière politique dans le parti républicain du Rio Grande del Sul (PRR) dont la base idéologique était le positivisme comtien. En analysant ses discours, ainsi que son journal, il a été possible d'approcher les traits les plus marquants de sa stratégie politique après la Révolution de 1930. Vargas a engagé les processus qui ont abouti à la nationalisation de la politique, au contrôle des oligarchies régionales, à la valorisation de la corporation militaire comme un facteur de l'unification nationale, sans oublier une politique d'industrialisation que l'Etat a coordonné notamment cooptant le patronat et l'incorporation du prolétariat par des syndicats d'Etat dans le propos d'une intégration socialeThis thesis deals with the history of the construction of the brazilian national state between 1930 and 1945 and of the tensions which had appared during this period between the project of plitical centralization and the oligarchic federalism of the old republic (1889-1930). The research had concentrated, ont the one hand, on the political construction of the "varguismo" or national level and, on the other hand, the ideology sources that founded this politics. It deals both with Getulio Varga's intelectual upbringing and his experience in regional politics. He has gratuated from the free faculty of law of Porto Alegre before he had gone into politics through the republican political party from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (PPR) whose ideology base was the positivism of Augusto Comte. Going over his speeches, as well as his diary, it had been possible to disover the most outstanding traits of his political strategy after the Revolution of 1930. Vargas started the processes which led to nationalization of the politics, to the regional oligarchy control, the valorization of the military corporation as the factor of national unification without forgetting the politics of industrialization which the state had coordinated and the incorporation of the proletarian through the syndicates of the State owing to social integration
44
Emmanouil, Marina. "Graphic design and modernisation in Greece, 1945-1970." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2012. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/1349/.
Full textAbstract:
The primary aim of this work is to give voice to the silent history of graphic design in Greece, long uncharted and undocumented in both the international forum and the local design community. This study focuses on the professional modernisation of graphic design and its role in providing the means for change in Greek society. The research is supported by interdisciplinary analysis of commercial advertisements, posters, leaflets and magazines, as well as other supporting documentation, in the historical and cultural context of Athens, Greece from 1945 to 1970. The time examined was a transitional and vociferous period in the history of Greece, one of intense and rapid economic modernisation during the post-Second World War decades from the mid-1940s to 1970. This was a time when, along with broader changes in the social, economic and political life of Greece, important developments in design education, print technology, and professional organisation marked a new age for graphic design, as a profession emerging from the broader ‘graphic arts’ field (inclusive of both technological and creative processes) and claiming autonomy over the more established fine arts sector. All four chapters deal with modernisation in relation to the assumed divisions of traditional/modern, continuity/change, centre/periphery. Main areas of investigation are: trade organisation, graphic design education, advertising and urbanisation, electricity and tourism promotion. This research offers a view of the ways the ‘modern’ and the condition of modernity were experienced in the case of Greece through certain applications of graphic design and its agents of influence: graphic designers, artists, managers, publishers, the state and private entrepreneurs. The research benefited significantly from a number of interviews with design professionals and related individuals. The present endeavour has a modest aim: to enable understanding of how and why Greek graphic design at the time came to be, and to stress the validity of the visual as a means of historical documentation.
45
Hook, Jonathan David. "Interaction design for live performance." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1945.
Full textAbstract:
The role of interactive technology in live performance has increased substantially in recent years. Practices and experiences of existing forms of live performance have been transformed and new genres of technology-‐mediated live performance have emerged in response to novel technological opportunities. Consequently, designing for live performance is set to become an increasingly important concern for interaction design researchers and practitioners. However, designing interactive technology for live performance is a challenging activity, as the experiences of both performers and their audiences are shaped and influenced by a number of delicate and interconnected issues, which relate to different forms and individual practices of live performance in varied and often conflicting ways. The research presented in this thesis explores how interaction designers might be better supported in engaging with this intricate and multifaceted design space. This is achieved using a practice-‐led methodology, which involves the researcher’s participation in both the investigation of, and design response to, issues of live performance as they are embodied in the lived and felt experiences of individual live performers’ practices during three interaction design case studies. This research contributes to the field of interaction design for live performance in three core areas. Understandings of the relationships between key issues of live performance and individual performers’ lived and felt experiences are developed, approaches to support interaction designers in engaging individual live performers’ lived and felt experiences in design are proposed and innovative interfaces and interaction techniques for live performance are designed. It is anticipated that these research outcomes will prove directly applicable or inspiring to the practices of interaction designers wishing to address live performance and will contribute to the ongoing academic discourse around the experience of, and design for, live performance.
46
Rouadjia, Ahmed. "La construction des mosquées à Constantine (1962-1984)." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070035.
Full text
47
Sebille, Michel. "Design :construction, automorphisms and colourings." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211428.
Full text
48
Chew, En Phin. "Superconducting Transformer Design and Construction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4977.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis first outlines the testing undertaken on a partial core superconducting
transformer under open circuit, short circuit, full load and endurance test conditions.
During the endurance test, a failure occurred after 1 minute and 35 seconds. During the
failure, voltage dipping and rapid liquid nitrogen boil off was observed. This prompted
a failure investigation which concluded that the lack of cooling in the windings was the
most probable cause to the failure.
Full core transformer and superconductor theories are then introduced. A copper
winding transformer model, based on a Steinmetz equivalent circuit and a reverse
design method, is described. A superconductor loss model which outlines the different
types of losses experienced under AC conditions is used to determine the resistance
of the windings in the Steinmetz equivalent circuit. This resistance changes with the
magnitude of current and the strength of the magnetic field that is present in the gaps
between each layer of the windings. An alternative leakage flux model is then presented,
where the flux is modelled based on the combination of the reluctance of the core and
the air surrounding the windings. Based on these theories, an iterative algorithm to
calculate the resistance of the superconductor is developed.
A new design of a 15kVA single phase full core superconducting transformer, operating
in liquid nitrogen, is presented. The issues with building the superconducting
transformer are outlined. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer
was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions
as the superconducting transformer, which means the same core can be used for two
different sets of windings. This led to designing a core that could be easily taken apart
as well as reassembled. Construction of the core, the copper windings and the superconductor
windings ensued. The process of cutting the core laminations, insulating the
copper and superconductor tapes, and making the steel fasteners and terminations are
described.
The copper mockup and superconducting transformers was then tested under open
circuit, short circuit, different load and endurance conditions at both liquid nitrogen
and room temperatures. These test results were then compared with the those from
two models. The comparison showed a significant inaccuracy in the reactances in
the models. This introduced a correction factor into the superconductor model which
ii
made it more accurate. However, further work is required to explain and quantify the
correction factors for the copper transformer model under different load conditions.
49
Palaoro, Stefania. "Arch bridges: Design - Construction - Perception." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367845.
Full textAbstract:
The arch bridges have an historical development, that is rooted in their ancient tradition, yet are also very successful to this day, a rediscovery of the earliest arched forms can be seen in the most recent innovations. After millennia of masonry arch bridges and almost two centuries of relentless development of iron, steel and concrete arch bridges, with different structural schemes and constructive shapes, there was a moment that this type of structure was bound to disappear.
The scope of traditional arch bridges, which refers mainly to the ones of small and medium span, was to become the uncontested role of the girder bridges. The reuse and the assertion of the arch bridge has been accompanied by a strong architectural emphasis on their structural design and constructive details. This relation, increasingly important during the design phase between the concept of FORM and of STRUCTURE, has ensured that many new projects link the strong relationship between TRADITION and technological and constructive INNOVATION.
I ponti ad arco sono quelli che presentano un’evoluzione storica che fonda le sue radici nella tradizione più antica, ma anche quelli che ricevono all’oggi il maggior successo, una riscoperta delle prime forme arcuate che ritornano quasi come una moda ma con l’impiego delle recenti innovazioni: dopo millenni di ponti ad arco in muratura e quasi due secoli di inarrestabile sviluppo di ponti ad arco in ghisa, di ferro, acciaio e di cemento armato, accompagnato da diversi schemi strutturali e di forme costruttive, sembrava che questa tipologia fosse destinata a scomparire. Infatti il campo tradizionale dei ponti ad arco che si riferiva soprattutto ai ponti di media luce era divenuto oramai dominio incontrastato dei soli ponti a travata. Il riuso e il riaffermarsi del ponte ad arco è stato accompagnato da una forte accentuazione architettonica della loro concezione strutturale e dei loro dettagli costruttivi. Il rapporto sempre più importante in fase progettuale di correlare il concetto di FORMA con quello di STRUTTURA ha fatto in modo che molte nuove opere d’arte di nuova realizzazione unissero in sé il forte rapporto tra TRADIZIONE e INNOVAZIONE tecnologica e costruttiva.
50
Palaoro, Stefania. "Arch bridges: Design - Construction - Perception." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/504/1/Stefania_Palaoro_Arch_bridges%2Cdesign-construction-perception.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The arch bridges have an historical development, that is rooted in their ancient tradition, yet are also very successful to this day, a rediscovery of the earliest arched forms can be seen in the most recent innovations. After millennia of masonry arch bridges and almost two centuries of relentless development of iron, steel and concrete arch bridges, with different structural schemes and constructive shapes, there was a moment that this type of structure was bound to disappear.
The scope of traditional arch bridges, which refers mainly to the ones of small and medium span, was to become the uncontested role of the girder bridges. The reuse and the assertion of the arch bridge has been accompanied by a strong architectural emphasis on their structural design and constructive details. This relation, increasingly important during the design phase between the concept of FORM and of STRUCTURE, has ensured that many new projects link the strong relationship between TRADITION and technological and constructive INNOVATION.
I ponti ad arco sono quelli che presentano un’evoluzione storica che fonda le sue radici nella tradizione più antica, ma anche quelli che ricevono all’oggi il maggior successo, una riscoperta delle prime forme arcuate che ritornano quasi come una moda ma con l’impiego delle recenti innovazioni: dopo millenni di ponti ad arco in muratura e quasi due secoli di inarrestabile sviluppo di ponti ad arco in ghisa, di ferro, acciaio e di cemento armato, accompagnato da diversi schemi strutturali e di forme costruttive, sembrava che questa tipologia fosse destinata a scomparire. Infatti il campo tradizionale dei ponti ad arco che si riferiva soprattutto ai ponti di media luce era divenuto oramai dominio incontrastato dei soli ponti a travata. Il riuso e il riaffermarsi del ponte ad arco è stato accompagnato da una forte accentuazione architettonica della loro concezione strutturale e dei loro dettagli costruttivi. Il rapporto sempre più importante in fase progettuale di correlare il concetto di FORMA con quello di STRUTTURA ha fatto in modo che molte nuove opere d’arte di nuova realizzazione unissero in sé il forte rapporto tra TRADIZIONE e INNOVAZIONE tecnologica e costruttiva.