Academic literature on the topic 'Description and travel, 50 1800'

Abstract Introduction : Daratumumab (DARA), a CD38-targeted human monoclonal antibody, is approved as monotherapy and in combination with bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor; PI) or immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD; lenalidomide or pomalidomide) in pts with RRMM. DARA is administered intravenously (IV) and is associated with infusion related reactions (IRRs) in 46% of pts. We previously reported data from PAVO (NCT02519452), an open-label, multicenter, phase 1b study in RRMM, showing that subcutaneous (SC) delivery of DARA with recombinant human hyaluronidase enzyme (rHuPH20) by SC infusion of a mix and deliver formulation (DARA-MD) was well tolerated with low rates of IRRs (Usmani SZ, et al. ASH 2016; abstract 1149). DARA + rHuPH20 also demonstrated an efficacy profile consistent with IV DARA. We present updated data, including initial safety and efficacy findings from an additional cohort that received DARA co-formulated with rHuPH20 (DARA SC), which was delivered by manual SC injection. Methods : RRMM pts had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2 and received ≥2 prior lines of therapy including a PI and an IMiD. To determine the recommended SC dose for Part 2 of this 2-part study, DARA-MD was administered via SC infusion through a syringe pump from 20 to 30 min in Part 1. Pts were administered DARA 1200 mg + rHuPH20 30000 U (in 60 mL) or DARA 1800 mg + rHuPH20 45000 U (in 90 mL) in 28-day cycles: weekly in Cycles 1-2, every 2 weeks in Cycles 3-6, and every 4 weeks thereafter. The 1,800 mg dose level was selected for Part 2. In Part 2, a concentrated co-formulation of the selected DARA SC (1800 mg in 15 mL) and rHuPH20 (30000 U) dose in a single, pre-mixed vial was administered in 3 to 5 minutes by manual SC injection. In both parts, the primary endpoints were Ctrough of DARA up to Cycle 3 Day 1 and safety. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), rate of complete response (CR), and time to response. Results : At the clinical cut-off of June 30, 2017, 53 pts were enrolled in Part 1 (DARA-MD 1200 mg, n=8; DARA-MD 1800 mg, n=45) and 25 pts were enrolled in Part 2 (DARA SC 1800 mg). 0/8 (0%), 12/45 (27%), and 25/25 (100%) pts receiving DARA-MD 1200 mg, DARA-MD 1800 mg, and DARA SC 1800 mg, respectively, remain on treatment; the median duration of treatment was 2.6 (0.7-12.0), 5.4 (0.7-16.6+), and 1.4 (0.5-2.3+) months, respectively. In Part 1, 100% and 73% of pts discontinued treatment in the DARA-MD 1200 mg and DARA-MD 1800 mg dose cohorts, respectively, due to progressive disease (75% and 58%), physician decision (0% and 9%), death (13% and 2%), withdrawal by pt (13% and 2%), and other (0% and 2%); in Part 2 with shorter follow up, none discontinued treatment. One pt receiving DARA-MD 1200 mg died due to adverse event (aspiration pneumonia) and 2 pts receiving DARA-MD 1800 mg died due to disease progression; no deaths occurred in the DARA SC 1800 mg cohort. IRRs were reported in 13%, 24% and 4% pts receiving DARA-MD 1200 mg, DARA-MD 1800 mg, and DARA SC 1800 mg, respectively. One grade 3 IRR of dyspnea occurred in the DARA-MD 1200 mg cohort; no grade 3/4 IRRs occurred in pts receiving DARA-MD 1800 mg or DARA SC 1800 mg. SC administration was well tolerated in the DARA-MD 1200 mg, DARA-MD 1800 mg, and DARA SC 1800 mg cohorts, with 63%, 29%, and 20% of pts experiencing reversible erythema and 50%, 22%, and 0% of pts experiencing reversible induration at the infusion/injection site, respectively. Among DARA-MD 1200 mg, DARA-MD 1800 mg, and DARA SC 1800 mg cohorts, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 100%, 98% and 84% pts, respectively; 63%, 49% and 32% were grade 3 or 4 (Table). Serious TEAEs occurred in 50%, 31%, and 4% pts. No pts discontinued treatment due to TEAEs. As of August 1, 2017, in the DARA-MD 1800 mg cohort, ORR was 42%, and the rates of ≥VGPR and ≥CR were 20% and 7%, respectively. In the DARA SC 1800 mg cohort, a preliminary ORR of 42% was observed which requires confirmation at follow up. Updated safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions : SC administration of DARA + rHuPH20 was well tolerated, with lower than expected rates of IRRs in all groups, but particularly in those treated with DARA SC 1800 mg administered over only 3-5 minutes. Planned phase 3 studies will use DARA SC at the dose identified in Part 2. Disclosures Chari: Acetylon Pharmaceuticals: Other: Research funding (to AC's institution); Millennium: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Array BioPharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Other: Research funding (to AC's institution); travel; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Research Funding; Onyx: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Biotest: Other: Research funding (to AC's institution); Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Research Funding. Mateos: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Lokhorst: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen, Genmab: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Kaufman: Amgen, Novartis: Research Funding; Amgen, Roche, BMS, Seattle Genetics, Sutro Biopharma, Pharmacyclics: Consultancy. Moreau: Takeda: Honoraria; Celgene, Janssen, Takeda, Novartis, Amgen, Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Onyx Pharmaceutical: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Oriol: Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: sponsored symposia, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: sponsored symposia; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: sponsored symposia, Speakers Bureau. Plesner: Janssen: Research Funding; Janssen, Takeda: Consultancy; Janssen, Genmab: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Benboubker: Takeda, Celgene, Janssen, Amgen: Consultancy. Hellemans: Janssen: Employment. Masterson: Janssen: Employment. Clemens: Janssen: Employment. Liu: Janssen: Employment. San-Miguel: Takeda, Celgene, Novartis, Amgen, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy. Usmani: Skyline: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Array BioPharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Millennium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

The article features an original excursion tourist route which follows the path of discoverers Semyon Dezhnev and Fedot Popov; it gives a short description of places of interest. The route provides comfortable motorboat conditions for tourists who are physically unprepared to travel in the Northern regions. The paper also features an original map of the mainstream tourist route with travel expenses. The itinerary presupposes lectures and fi that would allow one to learn the details of Semyon Dezhnyov and Fedot Popov’s expedition. The target audience of this tourist route are young people aged 18 - 35, who are always eager to learn new things and travel. However, the route can be adapted for tourists of other age groups, with some modifi According to the author, this tourist product can increase the tourist fl into the Russian Arctic and, in particular, into the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous district.

The 12th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys'21) happened from September 28th through October 1st, 2021. The MMSys conference is an important forum for researchers in multimedia systems. But, due to the ongoing pandemic, the event was held in a hybrid mode - onsite in Istanbul, Turkey, and online. Organizers and chairs (Özgü Alay, Cheng-Hsin Hsu, and Ali C. Begen) worked very hard to make sure the conference was successful, both for the on-site participants (around 50) and the online participants (with a peak of 330 concurrent viewers). For a small description of the event, take a look at the text written by Ali Begen, one of the general chairs. To encourage student authors to participate on-site, SIGMM has sponsored a group of students with Student Travel Grant Awards. Students who wanted to apply for this travel grant needed to submit an online form before the submission deadline. Then, the selection committee chose 7 travel grant winners. The selected students received either 1,000 or 2,000 USD to cover their airline tickets as well accommodation costs for this event. We asked the travel grant winners to share their unique experiences attending MMSys'21. The following are their comments.

Two years before Johann David Schöpf (1752-1800) published his Beyträge … (1787), Franz Joseph Märter (1753-1827) sent letters from Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, and East-Florida to Ignaz von Born, describing plants, animals, and geological features of the newly independent states. These letters were speedily printed in Physikalische Arbeiten … in Vienna (1785). A last letter sent from the Bahamas appeared in the same periodical in 1786. Märter's geological observations are translated and analyzed here for the first time. His descriptions of various rocks along the Schuylkill River, upstream from Philadelphia (granites, limestones, marble quarries, widespread weathered iron ores), and his interpretation of the fossiliferous sandstones in the Appalachian mountains are very similar to those by Schöpf. So are Märter's observations of shell banks, either exposed in ditches many miles from the sea, or in cliffs at Yorktown, Virginia, and Wilmington, North Carolina, as well as his description of granite and of a large coal mine near Richmond, Virginia. Finally, both travelers noticed that the rocky cliffs in the Bahamas consisted of limestone formed by Muschelsand [beachrock]. We established that Märter and Schöpf traveled together from Philadelphia to the Bahamas (November 1783 to March 1784). But neither acknowledged the influence, or at least the presence of the other, probably for political reasons.

This current study aimed to reveal expert opinions on the development of informative text-writing skills through descriptive writing practices. The methodological design of this study is a case study that is one of the qualitative research types. In the process of data collection, 65 expert opinions were sought, 55 of whom were Turkish Language teachers, 5 English Language teachers, 3 Turkish Literature teachers, and 2 Primary-School teachers. In the formation of the study group, it was ensured that the participants were either Turkish Language teachers or had a master’s degree or doctorate in the field of Turkish Language Education. In the data collection phase, expert opinions were obtained on the development of informative text-writing skills through descriptive writing practices via the expert opinion form and then the data obtained were thematized and divided into categories and codes. As a result of the study, the first five informative text types recommended by the experts were essays, autobiographies, petitions, travel writing, and diaries, respectively. Among the activity suggestions of the experts for the development of informative text writing skills are the use of appropriate materials, frequent writing activities, asking students to do research before the writing activity, and paying attention to the principles of writing. Based on the findings obtained from this study, it was seen that the first five themes chosen by the participants for descriptive writing practices were nature, books, culture, travel, and friendship, respectively. According to the expert opinions, it is recommended to organize trips for descriptive writing practices, to describe the places visited, to have students write travel essays, and to create descriptive writing activities by using objects. In addition, it is also suggested to have a description of people, characters, or anyone else in the class.

The objective in introducing tilting systems for passenger trains is to optimize the service, shortening travel time and improving comfort, while making minimum alterations to existing track layouts and service conditions. The development of the Pendolino system is described in this paper, starting from early tests on bogies and on tilting systems. The author then describes the extensive service experience of Fiat, with more than 50 million train-km produced and 100 trainsets in service or under construction for service in European countries. An outline is presented of current developments and the product strategy, together with a description of available R&D prediction/measuring tools.

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pathology is a common etiologic cause for 10 – 27% of cases of mechanical low back pain (LBP) below the L5 level. In the absence of definite clinical or radiologic diagnostic criteria, controlled blocks of the SIJ have become the choice assessment method for making the diagnosis of SIJ pain. The SI joint is most often characterized as a large, auricular-shaped, diarthrodial synovial joint. In reality, its synovial characteristic is limited only to the distal third and anterior third. In SIJ interventions, the lateral view has been underutilized. In our technique, we used the lateral view to create a three-dimensional view of the SIJ to aid in gauging the accurateness of the contrast spread and to obtain a precise block. After obtaining appropriate fluoroscopic images, a curved tip spinal needle was directed into the inferior aspect of the SIJ using a posterior approach. As the needle contacts firm tissues on the posterior aspect of the joint, position of the needle tip is checked using lateral fluoroscopy. In the lateral view, the needle tip position is manipulated to keep it in the anterior third of the SIJ and contrast is injected. Our criteria for accurate SIJ block, in posteroanterior (PA) view, is the injection of the contrast medium should outline the joint space and the contrast medium should be seen to travel cephalad along the joint line. In the lateral view, the contrast medium most densely outlines the parameter of the joint. We have utilized this method with good effect in approximately 30 cases over one year. Out of 30 cases, needle position and contrast spread was satisfactory in 28 and 27 cases, respectively. So satisfactory needle placement and contrast spread was in 93% and 87% cases. Pain relief of 80% or more after intra-articular injection of local anaesthetic was seen in 50% (15 of 30) patients; pain relief of 50 – 79% was witnessed in 30% (9 of 30) patients. Thus, pain decreased 50% or more in 80% (24 of 30) of the joints. Out of 24 joints where we got satisfactory needle position and contrast spread, 23 joints got more than 50% relief. Thus, if needle position and contrast spread is satisfactory as per the criteria, pain relief of 50% or more was in 96% (23 of 24) of joints. There are few possible limitations with this study like difficulty to go up to the anterior third of the SIJ, it may be more painful as a narrow joint line has to be travelled in depth, sciatic numbness due to drug leak, or injuring the pelvic structure. Advantages of this method are that depth and level of the needle tip for a SIJ block is described for the more precise block. This will reduce false positive and false negative results, i.e., sensitivity and specificity of SIJ blocks and results for diagnostic blocks become more reliable. It will also reduce the chances of a case getting abandoned due to inappropriate contrast spread obscuring the fluoroscopic landmarks. As we know the depth of the needle, the chances of injuring pelvic structures become less and safety improves. Key words: Sacroiliac joint, low back pain, contrast dye, fluoroscopy, lateral view, pain management, SI joint block, modified technique

This research is based on widespread use of social media as an image for all people and as well as provides benefits for a company. The large number of social media users makes an American travel site provides reviews about travel related content and this includes reviews of restaurants. Hence, this study discusses the case study of TripaAdvisor's review of the five best restaurants in Bali. With various forms of benefits regarding the benefits of information from TripAdvisor, online reviews from consumers in promoting restaurants and consumer reviews in enhancing the image of a restaurant. The research method used is content analysis method to review from five restaurants, the variables were the value of Food, Service, Value and Atmosphere from these five restaurants and ranked five restaurants through an assessment of consumer reviews on TripAdvisor. The data source is through primary data and secondary data, namely through TripAdvisor. The description of this research is to look at every consumer online review on TripAdvisor, by choosing five of the best TripAdvisor restaurants in Bali and taking 50 consumer reviews from the top five TripAdvisor restaurants in Bali to see the benefits of these consumer reviews in promoting and improving the image of these five restaurants. The results of this study indicate that TripAdvisor is very useful in providing information to restaurants and with consumer reviews can be a tool for restaurant's promotion and able to enhance the image of a restaurant. Keywords : TripAdvisor, Consumer reviews, Restaurants, Bali

IntroductionNumerous studies have found associations between characteristics of urban environments and risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline, such as physical inactivity and obesity. However, the contribution of urban environments to brain and cognitive health has been seldom examined directly. This cohort study investigates the extent to which and how a wide range of characteristics of urban environments influence brain and cognitive health via lifestyle behaviours in mid-aged and older adults in three cities across three continents.Methods and analysisParticipants aged 50–79 years and living in preselected areas stratified by walkability, air pollution and socioeconomic status are being recruited in Melbourne (Australia), Barcelona (Spain) and Hong Kong (China) (n=1800 total; 600 per site). Two assessments taken 24 months apart will capture changes in brain and cognitive health. Cognitive function is gauged with a battery of eight standardised tests. Brain health is assessed using MRI scans in a subset of participants. Information on participants’ visited locations is collected via an interactive web-based mapping application and smartphone geolocation data. Environmental characteristics of visited locations, including the built and natural environments and their by-products (e.g., air pollution), are assessed using geographical information systems, online environmental audits and self-reports. Data on travel and lifestyle behaviours (e.g., physical and social activities) and participants’ characteristics (e.g., sociodemographics) are collected using objective and/or self-report measures.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Australian Catholic University, the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong and the Parc de Salut Mar Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Government of Catalonia. Results will be communicated through standard scientific channels. Methods will be made freely available via a study-dedicated website.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000817145.

The results of an experimental assessment of the functional characteristics of gel-type traction batteries (AGBT) for small-sized transport and technological vehicles (TVT), depending on various load modes and temperature conditions, are presented. Experimental assessment of the battery life of AGBT in operation and their discharge type characteristics at various storage and operating temperatures. An assessment of changes in the voltage level of an AgBT sample of type RuTrike 6-EVF-32 at room temperature and in a freezer (from -7.8 to -20.2 °C) with a connected electrical load and in storage mode was carried out at the first stage. Temperature fluctuations were set randomly to simulate real operating conditions of the TTS in the cold season. At the second stage of testing, the continuous operation time of a set of five battery packs as part of a small-sized vehicle, the D4 1800 tricycle, was assessed. The tests were carried out in the early spring on the territory of the Federal National Research Center VIM. Both batteries were discharged by only 0.05 V during four days of studying self-discharge characteristics at different temperatures. After removing the load, the batteries are regenerated to a voltage of 12 V (50% charge). A cold battery discharges faster by 2-3 hours, but when the load is removed it is regenerated faster. The tricycle can travel 22.21 km at a speed of 13.3 km/h on a single AkBg charge. The voltage drop across the batteries has an almost linear dependence on the distance traveled and the test time. Timely charging of the battery, as well as the provision of design and technological measures for insulating the battery pack, is recommended for operation in the cold season. Tests with cycles of movement and stopping to assess the influence of the battery’s ability to self-recovery to increase the duration of movement needs to be continued, as well as testing for the duration of recovery after turning on/removing the load, depending on the magnitude of the residual stress.

As a large-scale international cultural phenomenon, the Jerusalem pilgrimage must be approached comparatively. This project compares the pilgrimage accounts of two Germans and two Englishmen who travelled to Jerusalem in the second half of the long fifteenth century. The texts are those of William Wey, (written c.1470), Bernhard von Breydenbach (printed 1486), Arnold von Harff (written 1499) and the 'Pylgrymage of Sir Richard Guylforde', composed by his anonymous chaplain (printed 1511). Each chapter focuses on a pilgrim, and one of four thematic topics: genre, the religious other, curiosity and print. This project treats these works as literary texts which can be approached from the perspective of cultural history, rather than as historical sources. The project, therefore, is more a consideration of how the pilgrimage is represented than it is about the events of each pilgrimage, and so it looks at the pilgrimages created in writing. Pilgrimage writings tend to focus on Jerusalem's spiritual significance, rather than its worldly position. In this sense, textual representations of travel to Jerusalem represent something of a disconnect with travel to other physical destinations, and the conceptual space of pilgrimage will be of key significance to this thesis. This has implications for practice as well as writing, and therefore the thesis will address how the writers consider their journeys, as well as the idea of virtual pilgrimage. The thesis engages with questions of identity, and how it is presented, as well as the authors' relationship with their audiences. This necessitates analysing collective identity, as well as the different audiences for printed and manuscript texts. The most important research question, bringing together these issues, considers whether the authors' different geographical origins affect their self-presentation and understanding of pilgrimage. This leads to my central contention: that pilgrimage must be portrayed as a single, unified experience.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-395).
Starting from the premise that maps are essentially about visualizing space, this dissertation examines what the Ottoman maps of Istanbul reveal about the city's perception, as it evolved in connection to urban development after the conquest. The maps that form the subject of this study appear as illustrations in three manuscript books. The Istanbul maps contained in Mecmu'-i Menazil (1537-8) and HiinernAme (1584) respectively mark the beginning and the accomplishment of the city's architectural elaboration. The other twenty maps, featuring in manuscript copies of Kitab-i Bahriye (1520s), roughly span the period between 1550 and 1700. The variants of a design fixed around 1570 offer an image that fulfills its topographic elaboration in the late-seventeenth century. While the making of this map's design relates to Istanbul's sixteenth century urban development, its topographical elaboration reflects a new perception of the city. These picture-maps, produced in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, form a unique group of documents as the only known Ottoman pictorial representations showing the city as a whole. As revealed by the context of the books containing them, their making relates both to Ottoman Empire's territorial expansion and to the appropriation of Constantinople as its new capital. Their cartographic language combines, in different manners, the familiar conventions of Islamic miniature painting with artistic forms encountered and assimilated during territorial expansion, particularly in contact with Venice.
(cont.) Especially the making of the Istanbul maps in Kitfb-i Bahriye copies illustrates the crucial role of the Mediterranean seafaring culture, its navigation manuals, nautical charts and island books. These images of Istanbul can be related to the development of the urban landscape and its symbolic function. Their study as cartographic representations pays attention to both accuracy and emphasis in their topographic contents. Supported by contemporary European visual sources and travel accounts as well as Ottoman topographic and poetic descriptions of Istanbul, the viewing directions, the depictions of buildings, and the overall cartographic composition in these maps are interpreted as features shaping a symbolic landscape that developed from an ideal vision to an actual garden-like urban environment, structured by land, water, and architecture.
by İffet Orbay.
Ph.D.

If the years 1849–50 brought a degree of disappointment in the Americas in the wake of the French revolution of 1848, they also brought a new love into Marmier's life. The first section of this chapter describes his journey from Paris to the Balkans, along with romantic encounters with Mme Panckoucke and Louise-Adelaïde Amélie Viéz-Lefebvre-Gineau (Ebba). Marmier completed his narrative with surveys of the topography, administration, judiciary, statistics, and ethnography of the Balkans, and with a description of the life and customs of the country, including sections on marriage, the position of women, and an analysis of the total annual transactions made by Montenegrins at the Cattaro market. The second section describes his journey to the Baltic. The last section cites Marmier's contributions as a novelist.

This chapter begins with a discussion on the volume of travelers who passed through Argos. Almost all travelers were well versed in ancient literature but, in traversing the urban palimpsest created by the multiple reconfigurations of the town in previous centuries, they invariably experienced a profound disconnect between what they were predisposed to expect and what they actually encountered on the ground. The chapter then analyzes the estimates that these travelers offer for the population of Argos in the decades either side of 1800. It then shifts to contextualize ancient travel writer Pausanias's description of Argos within his overall project, which was to embark on a type of pilgrimage to the sacred centers of Greece and to resurrect its once-glorious past. The chapter argues that the Description of Greece by Pausanias was invariably the text with which Western travelers were most familiar. In its juxtaposition of monuments and sights of different historical periods or its occlusion of any distinction between the historical and legendary past, Pausanias's account of Argos is thoroughly heterotopic and heterochronic and it was this perspective that was to condition—and be reproduced by—the experience of Western travelers to the town.

Theoretical techniques used to study time dependent electron transport in heterostructures use one or more of the following approximations: i) In Monte Carlo methods the electron is described as a point particle whose transport properties (such as effective mass, scattering rates, etc.) change abruptly when it moves across a boundary. As the electron moves across a boundary, the role of central cell symmetries (i.e., Γ, X, L character) is suppressed; ii) In time dependent quantum description, once again the electron wavepacket is assumed to abruptly see different material properties across a discontinuity. Moreover, the quantum description usually employs a one band effective mass equation that implicitly assumes that the character of the Bloch function is not significantly altered across the regions. The first approach is valid for heterostructures where electrons travel ≈ 1000 Å in each region and where the valley order is not altered across the heterostructure. The second approach is required in heterostructures of dimension ≈ 50 Å where the effects of quantum confinement are important, but where the central cell symmetry is again unchanged across the heterostructure.

Historically, a network of roadside sensors and cameras have been used to monitor freeway conditions. Although these systems are effective, they are typically not operational in and around work zones. Furthermore, it is often not financially viable to deploy in-road sensors and cameras in rural areas. Connected vehicle trajectory data has emerged as a viable source of data and provides a unique opportunity for monitoring freeways. This monograph describes how these connected vehicles can be used to directly measure queue lengths and travel times and this description is summarized in a graphical format easily used by agencies to make management decisions. Approximately 50 use cases are described to demonstrate these techniques under diverse conditions, such as lane reductions, short term closures, rolling slowdowns, work zone set up, work zone removal and inclement weather. A number of the use cases were selected from Indiana locations that had good ITS camera coverage to provide context-sensitive information to help the reader understand the graphics. In addition, several case studies are presented from selected states around the country to demonstrate the scalability of these techniques.

Linear city bus services are facing increased challenges from city growth. Increased number of inhabitants on increasing acres of built-up areas, makes it demanding to maintain adequate bus services within reasonable catchment areas. Number of departures per hour give a partial description of the bus service quality. Number of departures give reference to the time aspect of bus service quality, but say nothing about the geographical aspect. What part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service when frequencies are limited? To address the geographical aspect of bus service quality, the term network ratio is introduced. The term Network Ratio (NR) signifies what part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service to or from a certain place in the network. Network Ratio is given as a mathematical term whereby direct bus lines are calculated as a percentage of the entire network. The character and development of Network Ratio in a specific city is illustrated through an analysis of the urban growth of line network and built-up areas in the twin cities of Stavanger and Sandnes. The analysis is covering the period 1920 – 2000 in intervals of 20 years from the first bus lines were established in the urban area. Year 2010 is also included due to major changes implemented right after the turn of the millennium. Development show there is a close relation between bus network and built-up areas. When areas are being built, bus lines follow. The initial fase 1920 – 40 with extensive development of bus lines combined with some areal growth, is followed by a fase of consolidation 1940 – 60. The latter period is characterized by moderate areal growth, extended lines reducing network ratios, and increasing frequencies on the best bus lines. Extensive areal growth in the following period 1960 – 80, implies increased number of bus lines. As a consequence network ratios as well as frequencies are falling in the entire network. In 1960 certain lines had developed as much as 6 departures per hour, while maximum bus line frequency in 1980 has diminished to 2. New bus service development is introduced in the following period between 1980 and 2000. Numerous bus companies are united, and a more comprehensive planning of bus services are applied. The number of bus lines is stabilized at about 40, the fall in network ratio is reduced, and certain lines develop 4 departures per hour. Parallell to the bus development, growth of built-up areas is slowing down due to increased urban renewal with higher densities within built-up areas. In the period 2000 – 2010 new efforts are given to the development of bus services. Development of Network Ratio takes a new direction: The length of network links with high NR is increasing, while links with very low NR are diminishing. Number of bus lines is decreasing, and by 2010 almost 50% of the bus lines are served with 4 departures or more. Passenger comfort is improved in buses as well as on bus stops, and low floor buses are introduced to ease accessibility. Bus service quality is further developed after 2010. Digital services are introduced including digital ticketing, bus service information and real-time information on internet. In addition real-time information is presented at high frequency bus stops through visual screen and auditory speaker. Inside the buses name of next stop is given on screen and through loudspeaker. Further development of the bus services, should include improved Network Ratios in the entire network, as well as increased frequencies on major bus corridors. The latter is a task not only for the bus service planners, but just as well for the city planners and politicians in collaboration with the developers implementing urban density and allocation of important destinations. A last, but not least, objective for bus service development will be to improve punctuality and total travel time. Today a considerable proportion of city bus services are delayed in car traffic congestions. This is occurring especially on main streets and during rush hours. A set of different solutions are needed to address this question: 1. Dedicated bus streets (including car access to limited addresses) 2. Bus lines through local streets in concentrated housing, office and shopping areas. 3. Dedicated bus lane on main streets where possible. 4. Car traffic regulations on main streets without space for extra bus lane. As an overall vision, we need to cultivate the word of Flemming Larsen: urban growth as pearls on a string, as shown in fig. 13 and fig. 14.