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Academic literature on the topic 'Describing particles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Describing particles"

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GONON, P., J. N. FOULC, and P. ATTEN. "A CONDUCTION MODEL DESCRIBING PARTICLE-PARTICLE INTERACTION IN THE CASE OF SURFACE CONDUCTING PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2001): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201005180.

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We propose an analytical conduction model describing particle-particle interactions for the case of electrorheological fluids based on surface conducting particles. The system consisting of two contacting spheres immersed in a dielectric liquid is modeled by a distributed impedances network, from which we derive analytical expressions for the potential at the spheres surface, for the electric field in the liquid phase, and finally for the interaction force. The theoretical interaction force is compared with experimental results obtained on insulating spheres coated with a thin conducting polyaniline film. A good agreement is found between the theory and experiment.

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Djebara, Abdelhakim, Riad Khettabi, Jules Kouam, and Victor Songmene. "Comparison of the Capability of Peak Function in Describing Real Condensation Particle Counter Profiles." Advanced Materials Research 227 (April 2011): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.227.96.

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Accurate measurement of the aerosols concentration is important in many applications of aerosol science. Here we compare the adequacy of a peak function with the profiles distribution given by a particle counter (CPC) classified in the size range 5 to 500 nm, issued in a machine shop. The particle counter uses a laser source and an optical system for the detection of particles. Our experiments lead to some underestimation of the profile. This underestimation corresponds with the parasitic phenomena of air bubbles and water droplets which are recorded by default as particles. The results of this study underscore the compatibility of a function Gaussian modified by exponential with the distribution profile given by the particle counter (99%).

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Yang, Zon-Yee, and Shin-Chen Lo. "Describing the geometrical packing of gravelly cobble deposits using pair-correlation functions." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-065.

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There is a close correlation between the mechanical behavior of gravelly cobbles and their geometrical fabric. In geotechnical engineering, the particle-size distribution curve is used to describe the particle gradation. However, a group of particles with the same particle-size distribution can result in several packing arrangements due to the different sedimentation processes. The particle-size distribution curve does not distinguish this characteristic. This study attempts to employ the pair-correlation function of point field theory for describing the geometric packing of gravelly cobble deposits. In the point field, a single gravel- or cobble-sized particle is represented by a point of its geometric center. The pair-correlation function can statistically illustrate the characteristics of a geometrical point pattern and is helpful in interpreting the neighborhood relationship between particles, such as the frequency of interpoint distances and the dominant particle sizes in a point process. Some examples based on ideal particle shapes and arrangements are analyzed to illustrate the interpretations from the pair-correlation functions. The characteristics of pair-correlation functions of field examples are also explained. It is shown that the pair-correlation function can provide another approach to understanding the geometrical packing characteristics of a gravelly cobble formation.Key words: gravelly cobble deposit, geometrical packing, interpoint distance, particle-size distribution, pair-correlation function, point field theory.

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Zinoun, A., and J. Cortois. "Pertinent statistics for describing a system of particles." Journal of Mathematical Physics 32, no. 1 (January 1991): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529125.

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FILIPPOV, A. T. "A GAUGE MODEL DESCRIBING N RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES BOUND BY LINEAR FORCES." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 05 (March 10, 1989): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389000563.

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A relativistic model of N particles bound by linear forces is obtained by applying the gauging procedure to the linear canonical symmetries of a simple (rudimentary) nonrelativistic N-particle Lagrangian extended to relativistic phase space. The new (gauged) Lagrangian is formally Poincaré invariant, the Hamiltonian is a linear combination of firstclass constraints which are closed with respect to Poisson brackets and generate the localized canonical symmetries. The "gauge potentials" appear as the Lagrange multipliers of the constraints. Gauge fixing and quantization of the model are also briefly discussed.

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CALZADO, L., H. YEPEZ-MARTINEZ, and H. A. CALDERON. "MODELING THE MICROMECHANICAL STATE OF γ′-PRECIPITATES IN Ni-BASED SUPERALLOYS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 21 (August 20, 2007): 3733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207037612.

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A simple model for describing the mechanical state associated with γ′-particles in Ni – Al superalloys is presented. The model is based on the properties of the anisotropic elastic Green function. The strain and stress fields produced by a single cubic particle are described. The self-energy for parallelepiped γ′-particles is calculated, finding the cubic geometry as the energetically most favorable particle shape. The anisotropy interaction between γ′-particles is investigated. The computed results are further examined considering the interaction energy between constituting elements of the particles. The configurational force acting on a γ′-particle during a creep test is analyzed.

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Kisiel, Anna. "How to analyze contextuality of metatextual language units? Notes on the relation: TRS – particle semantics." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 11 (November 24, 2015): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2011.018.

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How to analyze contextuality of metatextual language units? Notes on the relation: TRS – particle semanticsThe presented article is devoted to further (after Kisiel 2010) discussion about contextuality of metatextual language units, especially particles. Having selected contextual particles as an example, the author shows how specific structuralisation of TRS is strictly connected with particle meaning. The observation leads to the conclusion that examination of TRS cannot be avoided when analysing particles. Untangling particles meaning has to be based on describing the TRS they work on. Such a procedure has been only recently applied to Polish lexicography.

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YANOVSKY, YU G., V. E. ZGAEVSKII, Z. P. SHULMAN, and E. V. KOROBKO. "ER-FLUID RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN TERMS OF THE MULTIPARTICLE MODEL OF A COMPOSITE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 17n18 (July 20, 2002): 2676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202012839.

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The three-dimensional multi-particle well-ordered model could be considered as an analogy to a crystal body. We use this model for describing rheological properties of concentrated electrorheological fluids (ER fluids). According to this model, the particles of the suspension take their places at sites of a grid with specified type of symmetry and then an electric field is applied to the fluid. Taking into account hydrodynamic couple interaction of particles and forces of electrostatic interaction of particles polarized under the action of an external electric field and employing the mathematical apparatus of the microscopic theory of crystals, we construct the basic relationships for describing viscoelastic electrorheological properties of ER fluids.

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LOUIS-MARTINEZ, DOMINGO J. "A DERIVATION OF THE BREIT EQUATION FROM BARUT'S COVARIANT FORMULATION OF ELECTRODYNAMICS IN TERMS OF DIRECT INTERACTIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 11 (April 10, 2012): 1250064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312500642.

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We study Barut's covariant equations describing the electromagnetic interactions between N spin-1/2 particles. In the covariant formulation each particle is described by a Dirac spinor. It is assumed that the interactions between the particles are not mediated by a bosonic field (direct interactions). Within this formulation, using the Lagrangian formalism, we derive the approximate (semirelativistic) Breit equation for two interacting spin-1/2 particles.

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BARRETT, BRUCE R. "JUSTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE PARTICLE NUMBERS FOR DESCRIBING INTRUDER BANDS." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 16 (May 30, 1992): 1391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392001063.

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The standard theoretical explanation of low-lying, deformed, intruder bands in even-even nuclei near closed shells is in terms of two-particle, two-hole excitations across the major-shell gap. One normally ignores the difference between particles and holes and assumes that the effective proton (or neutron) number has increased by four. We provide a justification of this approximation by comparing two F-spin multiplets having the same F value, where one multiplet is for the ground-band levels of a set of nuclei, while the second multiplet is for the intruder-band levels of another set of nuclei.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Describing particles"

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Wilson, Steven W. "Describing broken particles by applied fractal geometry?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246365.

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Kosmina, Natalya, Lidiya Krichkovskaya, and Sergey Petrov. "The importance of methods and methods in nanotechnology, chemical science and industry." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/46220.

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Books on the topic "Describing particles"

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Morawetz, Klaus. Interacting Systems far from Equilibrium. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.001.0001.

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In quantum statistics based on many-body Green’s functions, the effective medium is represented by the selfenergy. This book aims to discuss the selfenergy from this point of view. The knowledge of the exact selfenergy is equivalent to the knowledge of the exact correlation function from which one can evaluate any single-particle observable. Complete interpretations of the selfenergy are as rich as the properties of the many-body systems. It will be shown that classical features are helpful to understand the selfenergy, but in many cases we have to include additional aspects describing the internal dynamics of the interaction. The inductive presentation introduces the concept of Ludwig Boltzmann to describe correlations by the scattering of many particles from elementary principles up to refined approximations of many-body quantum systems. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the understanding of the time-dependent formation of correlations. Within this book an up-to-date most simple formalism of nonequilibrium Green’s functions is presented to cover different applications ranging from solid state physics (impurity scattering, semiconductor, superconductivity, Bose–Einstein condensation, spin-orbit coupled systems), plasma physics (screening, transport in magnetic fields), cold atoms in optical lattices up to nuclear reactions (heavy-ion collisions). Both possibilities are provided, to learn the quantum kinetic theory in terms of Green’s functions from the basics using experiences with phenomena, and experienced researchers can find a framework to develop and to apply the quantum many-body theory straight to versatile phenomena.

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Henriksen, Niels Engholm, and Flemming Yssing Hansen. Introduction to Condensed-Phase Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805014.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses chemical reactions in solution; first, how solvents modify the potential energy surface of the reacting molecules and second, the role of diffusion. As a first approximation, solvent effects are described by models where the solvent is represented by a dielectric continuum, focusing on the Onsager reaction-field model for solvation of polar molecules. The reactants of bimolecular reactions are brought into contact by diffusion, and the interplay between diffusion and chemical reaction that determines the overall reaction rate is described. The solution to Fick’s second law of diffusion, including a term describing bimolecular reaction, is discussed. The limits of diffusion control and activation control, respectively, are identified. It concludes with a stochastic description of diffusion and chemical reaction based on the Fokker–Planck equation, which includes the diffusion of particles interacting via a potential U(r).

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Succi, Sauro. Stochastic Particle Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0009.

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Dense fluids and liquids molecules are in constant interaction; hence, they do not fit into the Boltzmann’s picture of a clearcut separation between free-streaming and collisional interactions. Since the interactions are soft and do not involve large scattering angles, an effective way of describing dense fluids is to formulate stochastic models of particle motion, as pioneered by Einstein’s theory of Brownian motion and later extended by Paul Langevin. Besides its practical value for the study of the kinetic theory of dense fluids, Brownian motion bears a central place in the historical development of kinetic theory. Among others, it provided conclusive evidence in favor of the atomistic theory of matter. This chapter introduces the basic notions of stochastic dynamics and its connection with other important kinetic equations, primarily the Fokker–Planck equation, which bear a complementary role to the Boltzmann equation in the kinetic theory of dense fluids.

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Davidson, Sacha, Paolo Gambino, Mikko Laine, Matthias Neubert, and Christophe Salomon, eds. Effective Field Theory in Particle Physics and Cosmology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855743.001.0001.

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Effective field theory (EFT) is a general method for describing quantum systems with multiple-length scales in a tractable fashion. It allows us to perform precise calculations in established models (such as the standard models of particle physics and cosmology), as well as to concisely parametrize possible effects from physics beyond the standard models. EFTs have become key tools in the theoretical analysis of particle physics experiments and cosmological observations, despite being absent from many textbooks. This volume aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to many of the EFTs in use today, and covers topics that include large-scale structure, WIMPs, dark matter, heavy quark effective theory, flavour physics, soft-collinear effective theory, and more.

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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Lagrangian mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0008.

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This chapter shows how the Newtonian law of motion of a particle subject to a gradient force derived from a ‘potential energy’ can always be obtained from an extremal principle, or ‘principle of least action’. According to Newton’s first law, the trajectory representing the motion of a free particle between two points p1 and p2 is a straight line. In other words, out of all the possible paths between p1 and p2, the trajectory effectively followed by a free particle is the one that minimizes the length. However, even though the use of the principle of extremal length of the paths between two points gives the straight line joining the points, this does not mean that the straight-line path is traced with constant velocity in an inertial frame. Moreover, the trajectory describing the motion of a particle subject to a force is not uniform and rectilinear.

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Blundell, Katherine. 2. Navigating through spacetime. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199602667.003.0002.

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Mathematics is the perfect language needed for describing how the theory of relativity applies to the physical Universe and all of spacetime, and that description includes the strange behaviour that occurs near black holes. ‘Navigating through spacetime’ explains some of the complicated mathematical language using spacetime diagrams. It describes world-lines—the path left behind as an object journeys through spacetime—and light cones. Black holes profoundly affect the orientations of the light cones. As a particle approaches a black hole, its future light cone tilts more and more towards the black hole. When the particle crosses the event horizon, all of its possible future trajectories end inside the black hole.

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Levin, Frank S. Quantum Boxes, Stringed Instruments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 illustrates the results obtained by applying the Schrödinger equation to a simple pedagogical quantum system, the particle in a one-dimensional box. The wave functions are seen to be sine waves; their wavelengths are evaluated and used to calculate the quantized energies via the de Broglie relation. An energy-level diagram of some of the energies is constructed; on it are illustrations of the corresponding wave functions and probability distributions. The wave functions are seen to be either symmetric or antisymmetric about the midpoint of the line representing the box, thereby providing a lead-in to the later exploration of certain symmetry properties of multi-electron atoms. It is next pointed out that the Schrödinger equation for this system is identical to Newton’s equation describing the vibrations of a stretched musical string. The different meaning of the two solutions is discussed, as is the concept and structure of linear superpositions of them.

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Kirchman, David L. Predation and protists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0009.

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Protists are involved in many ecological roles in natural environments, including primary production, herbivory and carnivory, and parasitism. Microbial ecologists have been interested in these single-cell eukaryotes since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek saw them in his stool and scum from his teeth. This chapter focuses on the role of protozoa (purely heterotrophic protists) and other protists in grazing on other microbes. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates, 3–5 microns long, are the most important grazers of bacteria and small phytoplankton in aquatic environments. In soils, flagellates are also important, followed by naked amoebae, testate amoebae, and ciliates. Many of these protists feed on their prey by phagocytosis, in which the prey particle is engulfed into a food vacuole into which digestive enzymes are released. This mechanism of grazing explains many factors affecting grazing rates, such as prey numbers, size, and composition. Ingestion rates increase with prey numbers before reaching a maximum, similar to the Michaelis–Menten equation describing uptake as a function of substrate concentration. Protists generally eat prey that are about ten-fold smaller than they are. In addition to flagellates, ciliates and dinoflagellates are often important predators in the microbial world and are critical links between microbial food chains and larger organisms Many protists are capable of photosynthesis. In some cases, the predator benefits from photosynthesis carried out by engulfed, but undigested photosynthetic prey or its chloroplasts. Although much can be learnt from the morphology of large protists, small protists (<10 μ‎m) often cannot be distinguished by morphology, and as seen several times in this book, many of the most abundant and presumably important protists are difficult to cultivate, necessitating the use of cultivation-independent methods analogous to those developed for prokaryotes. Instead of the 16S rRNA gene used for bacteria and archaea, the 18S rRNA gene is key for protists. Studies of this gene have uncovered high diversity in natural protist communities and, along with sequences of other genes, have upended models of eukaryote evolution. These studies indicate that the eukaryotic Tree of Life consists almost entirely of protists, with higher plants, fungi, and animals as mere branches.

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Book chapters on the topic "Describing particles"

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Kaye, Brian H. "Describing Filters and Filtration Processes Using the Concepts of Fractal Geometry." In Particles in Gases and Liquids 2, 51–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3544-1_4.

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Mingos, D. M. P., and Lin Zhenyang. "A group theoretical paradigm for describing the skeletal molecular orbitals of cluster compounds. Part 3." In Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters, 53–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74913-1_12.

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Briggs, John S. "Quantum or Classical Perception of Atomic Motion." In Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry, 195–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_11.

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AbstractAn assessment is given as to the extent to which pure unitary evolution, as distinct from environmental decohering interaction, can provide the transition necessary for an observer to perceive quantum dynamics as classical. This has implications for the interpretation of quantum wavefunctions as a characteristic of ensembles or of single particles and the related question of wavefunction “collapse”. A brief historical overview is presented as well as recent emphasis on the role of the semi-classical “imaging theorem” in describing quantum to classical unitary evolution.

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Walschaers, Mattia. "Describing Many-Particle Quantum Systems." In Statistical Benchmarks for Quantum Transport in Complex Systems, 199–263. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93151-7_7.

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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Longitudinal Optics Measurement and Correction." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 149–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_7.

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AbstractLongitudinal focusing for a bunched beam is provided by both the change in path length with particle energy and by the time-dependent accelerating voltage. Usually one employs a smooth approximation, i.e., one ignores the discrete locations of the rf cavities, in describing the particle motion. The longitudinal motion can then be modelled by second order differential equations. For small oscillation amplitudes these equations simplify to those of harmonic oscillators.

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Goldstein, David. "Discourse Particles in LSJ." In Liddell and Scott, 268–87. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810803.003.0015.

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This chapter contrasts the Liddell and Scott (LSJ) account of the particle γε‎ with an approach that takes advantage of some of the conceptual tools of twenty-first century semantics and pragmatics. It begins by discussing the question of why describing the meaning of discourse particles is so challenging. From here, it homes in on the particle γε‎, ‘one of the subtlest and most elusive particles’, according to Denniston (1954). After critically reviewing its article in LSJ, it presents the results of a fresh examination of the particle in two Platonic dialogues, Meno and Cratylus, focusing on the most salient aspects of its meaning, especially phenomena that LSJ does not mention. It argues that γε‎ is characterized by two semantic properties: scalar interpretation and non-at issue semantics.

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"Prepositions, Prepositional Adjectives/Adverbs, and Particles." In Describing and Explaining Grammar and Vocabulary in ELT, 169–82. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203085608-20.

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Kolanoski, Hermann, and Norbert Wermes. "Interactions of particles with matter." In Particle Detectors, 23–88. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858362.003.0003.

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Particles are sensed through their interactions with matter. To begin with, the chapter introduces the terms cross section and absorption. Then successively the most important interactions that are employed for the detection of the various particle types are discussed: energy loss of charged particles by ionisation and bremsstrahlung, multiple Coulomb scattering of charged particles, interactions of photons and hadrons with matter. The interactions leading to the development of electromagnetic and hadronic showers are treated in more detail in chapter 15 (Calorimeters), while energy loss by Cherenkov and transition radiation are discussed in chapters 11 and 12, respectively. When describing the interaction processes an attempt is made to address the theoretical background in a way that the derivations ought to be comprehensible.

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Hovenier, Joop W., and Cornelis V. M. van der Mee. "Basic Relationships for Matrices Describing Scattering by Small Particles." In Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles, 61–85. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012498660-2/50030-6.

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"3: A Framework For Describing The Diachronic Evolution Of Phasal Adverbs." In Particles at the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface, 53–83. BRILL, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9780080556819_004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Describing particles"

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Mihu, Denisa-Andreea, and Marina-Aura Dariescu. "Mathieu functions describing particles evolving in electromagnetic waves." In TIM17 PHYSICS CONFERENCE. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5017426.

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LAZKOZ, RUTH, and J. A. VALIENTE KROON. "THE NEWTONIAN LIMIT OF THE SPACETIMES DESCRIBING UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED PARTICLES." In Proceedings of the MG10 Meeting held at Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704030_0245.

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Xiong, H., L. L. Zheng, S. Sampath, and Jim Fincke. "Melting/Oxidation Behavior of In-Flight Particles in Plasma Spray Processes." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32519.

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A comprehensive model describing the melting and oxidation of in-flight particles during plasma spray has been presented which includes the models for heat, momentum and mass transfer of carrier gas, and particle heating, acceleration and evaporation. The effect of evaporation-induced mass transfer on heat flux to the particle surface has been taken into consideration along with the effect of oxidation-induced evaporation due to the production of volatile oxides on the particle surface, and effects of variable plasma properties and non-continuum effects under plasma conditions. Computational results on molybdenum and zirconium particles in an argon-hydrogen DC plasma spray system have been obtained and discussed. The temperature and melting formation of particles with different sizes along their trajectories are depicted as well as other particle parameters such as velocity, evaporation rate and oxide content, which manifests that the behavior of particles are diverse due to particle size distribution in the spray coating operation. The effects of gun power on the heating, acceleration, melting, evaporation and oxidation of particles have also been discussed.

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Sa´nchez, J. H., and C. Rinaldi. "Simulations of Magnetoviscosity of Dilute Suspensions of Magnetic Ellipsoids." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66833.

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We studied the rotational Brownian motion of magnetic triaxial ellipsoidal particles (orthotropic particles) suspended in a Newtonian fluid, in the dilute suspension limit, under applied shear and magnetic fields. The algorithm describing the change in the particle magnetization has been derived from the stochastic angular momentum equation using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and a quaternion formulation of orientation space. Results are presented for the response of dilute suspensions of ellipsoidal particles to constant magnetic and shear flow fields.

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Sugiyama, Kazuyasu, Satoshi Ii, Shintaro Takeuchi, Shu Takagi, and Yoichiro Matsumoto. "A Full Eulerian Finite Difference Method for Hyperelasic Particles in Fluid Flows." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-04001.

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A full Eulerian finite difference method has been developed for solving a dynamic interaction problem between Newtonian fluid and hyperelastic material. It facilitates to simulate certain classes of problems, such that an initial and neutral configuration of a multi-component geometry converted from voxel-based data is provided on a fixed Cartesian mesh. A solid volume fraction, which has been widely used for multiphase flow simulations, is applied to describing the multi-component geometry. The temporal change in the solid deformation is described in the Eulerian frame by updating a left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor, which is used to express constitutive equations for incompressible hyperelastic materials. The present Eulerian approach is confirmed to well reproduce the material deformation in the lid-driven flow and the particle-particle interaction in the Couette flow computed by means of the finite element method. It is applied to a Poiseuille flow containing biconcave neo-Hookean particles. The deformation, the relative position and orientation of a pair of particles are strongly dependent upon the initial configuration. The increase in the apparent viscosity is dependent upon the developed arrangement of the particles.

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Sobolev, V. V., J. M. Guilemany, and A. J. Martín. "Engineering Formulas for Flattening of Composite Powder Particles during Thermal Spraying." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0653.

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Abstract Engineering analytical formulas describing variations of the final values of the splat thickness and radius during flattening of composite particles in thermal spraying are obtained. The effective values of the droplet parameters (impact velocity and viscosity) and the Reynolds number are introduced taking into account a composition of the composite particles. Analytical results obtained agree well with the experimental data available.

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Wu, Xinyu, and Huiying Wu. "A Numerical Study on Separation Characteristics of Magnetic Particles in Magnetophoretic Chip Microchannels." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18528.

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In this paper, a two-dimensional dynamic model describing the separation behaviors of magnetic particles in magnetophoretic chip microchannels integrated with double-side symmetric and asymmetric soft magnets is proposed and solved with the combining use of the finite element method and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The dynamic characteristics of magnetic particles during the separation process, including the trajectories of magnetic particles, the capture time and capture efficiency are analyzed. The impacts of the geometrical configurations, fluid velocity and magnetic field intensity are also studied. The results show that the trajectories of the magnetic particles in microchannels are oscillatory because of the alternative magnetic force and this oscillation is more obvious for asymmetric positions of the soft magnets. The oscillatory motion of the particle leads to the increase of the moving distance and delay of the capture time. The capture time depends on the geometrical configurations, the initial positions and the dynamic characteristics of the particles. It is also found that under the same strength of magnetic fields there is nearly no difference on the capture efficiency for symmetric and asymmetric configurations. With the increase of fluid velocity, the capture efficiency drops drastically at low flow rates and decreases slowly at high flow rates. The distance between soft magnets and microchannel walls has the similar influence on capture efficiency. It is expected that the results presented in this paper are helpful for the design and optimization of magnetophoretic separation microsystems.

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Zhu, Qinsheng, and Peter E. Clark. "Settling and Interactions of Spheres in Non-Newtonian Fluids." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0471.

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Abstract Settling of particles in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids has been the subject of a number of studies. In Newtonian fluids, the settling process is well understood. The process is less well understood in non-Newtonian fluids. Multiple particle settling in non-Newtonian fluids has not received a great deal of attention, but it is important in a number of industrial processes. In this study, we have examined the behavior of multiple spheres falling in non-Newtonian fluids. For two spheres of different diameters dropped sequentially, we find that the spheres will aggregate and fall together under certain well defined conditions. Both the diameter of the spheres and the rheological properties of the fluid determine settling behavior. Data will be presented for settling of multiple particles (up to five). Interactions between more than two particles settling together are complex. Our experiments indicate that the relationship between settling velocity and the number of the spheres follows some regular pattern. Theoretical work describing the mechanism and conditions under which the two particles with different sizes will settle together in non-Newtonian fluids is also discussed in this paper.

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Darbandi, Masoud, and Alireza Setayeshgar. "Flow Past Confined Nano Cylinder in Microscale Channels." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82222.

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Simulations of flow through microchannels over nano particles are widely encountered in solid particle transportation. In these simulations, the rarefaction phenomenon will affect the microflow behavior and subsequently the aerodynamics coefficients such as the drag coefficient derived for the suspended particles in the flow stream. This is why we use the Lattice Boltzmann method LBM to study the flow past a confined cylinder placed in a microchannel. The LBM is a mesoscopic method capable of solving flow in macro and micro scales. Applying the Maxwellian scattering kernel, the slip velocity is modeled on the channel and cylinder walls appropriately. To validate our formulations, we firstly obtain the results for solving flow in a pressure driven microchannel and the macroflow past a square cylinder and compare our results with the other available numerical and analytical solutions. Next, we study the microflow over nano cylinder model describing nano suspended particles. The results show that the drag coefficient of the nano particle reduces in all ranges of blockage ratio due to the rarefaction domination. To appraise the effect of blockage ratio on the rarefaction effect, we define an effective parameter. The study indicates that the drag coefficient reduction due to rarefaction effect is higher for lower blockage ratios.

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Hendijanifard, M., M. H. Saidi, and M. Taeibi-Rahni. "The Step Effect and Particle Removal From an Enclosure." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95291.

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This paper reports the results of a study of the transient removal of contaminant particle from enclosures containing an obstacle. We study specially a phenomena occur sometimes called the step effect. This phenomenon may occur if the size of the obstacle is small enough in comparison with the length or height of the enclosure. These results are the basic instruments for finding a model for contaminant particle removal from an enclosure containing an obstacle. A numerical CFD code is developed and validated with different cases, and then proper two- and three-dimensional cases are modeled. The size of the obstacle affect the order of magnitude of the convection-diffusion terms in the Navier-Stokes equations, hence results in different phenomena while removing the particles. It may end to a simple removal of the particles from the enclosure or it may contain two or three steps in removal, which is due to increase in scale of magnitude of the convection terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. The results of this paper and Ref. [3] may be compacted into one whole theory, describing the particle removal efficiency from an enclosure as a function of obstacle position and size.

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