Journal articles: 'Derivatives'

1

Jurczak, Janusz, Agnieszka Cholewiak, and Pawel Stepniak. "Linear Neutral Receptors for Anions: Synthesis, Structure and Applications." Synthesis 50, no. 23 (September 19, 2018): 4555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609943.

Full text

Abstract:

A selective digest of linear anion receptors based on different aromatic skeletons is presented. Since the structures of anions vary from one to another, different strategies have been developed over recent years in order to bind anions efficiently and selectively. Rigidity, number of hydrogen bond donors, steric hindrance, and special preorganization of linear receptors are analyzed to shed light on the rational design of anion receptors.1 Introduction2 1,3- and 1,2-Benzene Derivatives3 1,3- and 5,7-Azulene Derivatives4 1,8-Naphthalene Derivatives5 1,8-Anthracene Derivatives6 2,6-Pyridine Derivatives7 2,5-Pyrrole Derivatives8 Diamidoarenodipyrrole Derivatives9 Carbazole Derivatives10 DITIPIRAM Derivatives11 Conclusion

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Reissig, Hans-Ulrich, and Reinhold Zimmer. "Cyclizations of Alkoxyallenes: Mechanisms, Intermediates, Products – A Personal Account on Solved and Unsolved Problems with Unique Allene Building Blocks." Synthesis 49, no. 15 (June 6, 2017): 3291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588846.

Full text

Abstract:

The additions of lithiated alkoxyallenes to electrophiles, such as carbonyl compounds, thioketones, imines, and nitrones, provide the expected primary addition products. These alkoxyallene intermediates undergo ring-closure reactions under quite different conditions. Whereas allenyl hydroxylamine derivatives spontaneously cyclize to 1,2-oxazine derivatives, the related allenyl amines, thiols, and alcohols require, with distinct exceptions, promotion by acids, base, silver(I), or gold(I). The different mechanisms of these processes are discussed in this account. The serendipitous discovery of a novel three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes, nitriles, and carboxylic acids followed by a cyclization to pyridine derivatives is also reported and the mechanism involved is illustrated. This account also compiles exemplary examples of natural products and other compounds prepared by subsequent reactions of alkoxyallene-based cyclization products, but the fascinating ring-closing event of the allenyl intermediates is the main focus of this report.1 Introduction2 Cyclizations of Allenyl Hydroxylamines to 1,2-Oxazine Derivatives3 Cyclizations of Allenyl Amines to Dihydropyrrole Derivatives4 Cyclizations of Allenyl Imines to Pyrroles – Discovery of a New Three-Component Synthesis of Pyridines5 Cyclizations of Allenyl Thiols to Vinylthiiranes and Dihydrothiophene Derivatives6 Cyclizations of Allenyl Alcohols to Dihydrofuran Derivatives7 Conclusions

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Petrini, Marino, and Alessandro Palmieri. "Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bisindolylmethane Derivatives." Synthesis 51, no. 04 (December 13, 2018): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610349.

Full text

Abstract:

This review article summarizes the fundamental synthetic procedures aimed at the preparation of unsymmetrical bisindolylmethanes that have appeared in the literature since 2010. To this goal, reactive electrophilic indole-containing intermediates are mostly generated from indolylmethanols, indolylmethanamines, and indolylmethanthio derivatives and then made to react with simple or functionalized indoles. The asymmetric synthesis of bisindolylmethanes can be also achieved under chiral-catalyzed conditions.1 Introduction2 Direct Three-Component Coupling3 Reaction of Indolylmethanols4 Reaction of Indolylmethanamine Derivatives5 Reaction of 3-Vinylindoles6 Reaction of indolylmethanthio Derivatives7 Bisindolylmethanes by Ring Closure of Alkyne Derivatives8 Miscellaneous Methods9 Conclusion

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Engesser, Tobias, and Reinhard Brückner. "Stereoselective Aldol Additions of Glycolic Acid and Its Derivatives." Synthesis 51, no. 08 (March 25, 2019): 1715–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611721.

Full text

Abstract:

This review gives a comprehensive overview of aldol additions of glycolic acid derivatives to achiral aldehydes and acetals affording α,β-dihydroxycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. The focus is on simple diastereoselectivity. A selection of related aldol additions is also presented: aldol additions of glycolic acid derivatives to ketones with two different substituents and aldol additions of α-substituted glycolic acid derivatives.1 Introduction1.1 Organization of this Review1.2 Outside the Scope of this Review: Aldol Additions Giving α,β-Dihydroxyaldehydes and α,β-Dihydroxyketones Diastereoselectively1.3 Non-Aldol Routes to Diastereomerically Pure α,β-Dihydroxycarboxylic Acid Derivatives2 Aldol Additions of Glycolic Acid (Derivative) Enolates to Aldehydes2.1 Aldol Additions of Glycolate Enolates (‘Glycolic Acid Dianions’)2.2 Aldol Additions of Glycolic Ester Enolates2.3 Aldol Additions of Glycolic Thioester Enolates2.4 Aldol Additions of Glycolimide Enolates2.5 Aldol Additions of Glycolamide Enolates2.6 Mukaiyama Aldol Additions of Silyl Ketene Acetals of Glycolic Esters and Thioesters2.7 Aldol Additions of Glycoloyl Chlorides via Acyl Ammonium Enolates3 Aldol-Providing Substitutions of Glycolimide Enolates in Acetals4 Additions Related to Aldol Additions of Glycolic Acid Derivative Enolates to Aldehydes4.1 Selected Simply Diastereoselective Aldol Additions of Enolates of Glycolic Acid Derivatives to Ketones with Two Different Substituents4.2 Simply Diastereoselective Aldol Additions of Enolates of Glycolic Acid Derivatives with a Methyl Substituent at C-α (Lactic Acid Derivatives)5 Conclusion

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Farid, Ghulam, and Zeeshan Afzal. "Further on quantum-plank derivatives and integrals in composite forms." Open Journal of Mathematical Analysis 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/psrp-oma2022.0118.

Full text

Abstract:

In quantum-plank calculus, q-derivatives and h-derivatives are fundamental factors. Recently, a composite form of both derivatives is introduced and called q−h-derivative. This paper aims to present a further generalized notion of derivatives will be called (q ,p−h)-derivatives. This will produce q-derivative, h-derivative, q−h-derivative and (p,q)-derivative. Theory based on all aforementioned derivatives can be generalized via this new notion. It is expected, this paper will be useful and beneficial for researchers working in diverse fields of sciences and engineering.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Deppman, Airton, Eugenio Megías, and Roman Pasechnik. "Fractal Derivatives, Fractional Derivatives and q-Deformed Calculus." Entropy 25, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25071008.

Full text

Abstract:

This work presents an analysis of fractional derivatives and fractal derivatives, discussing their differences and similarities. The fractal derivative is closely connected to Haussdorff’s concepts of fractional dimension geometry. The paper distinguishes between the derivative of a function on a fractal domain and the derivative of a fractal function, where the image is a fractal space. Different continuous approximations for the fractal derivative are discussed, and it is shown that the q-calculus derivative is a continuous approximation of the fractal derivative of a fractal function. A similar version can be obtained for the derivative of a function on a fractal space. Caputo’s derivative is also proportional to a continuous approximation of the fractal derivative, and the corresponding approximation of the derivative of a fractional function leads to a Caputo-like derivative. This work has implications for studies of fractional differential equations, anomalous diffusion, information and epidemic spread in fractal systems, and fractal geometry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

K. Abdullah, Ebtihal. "Synthesis of New (1-alkylamino-4-phenyldithio-2-bntanol amine) andderivatives." Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 6, no. 1 (April 17, 2023): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjphs.2010.6.1.12.78.82.

Full text

Abstract:

Anew series of(1-alkylamino-4-phenyldithio-2-bntanol amine) and derivatives,containing two functional groups (pheny ring and NCS2) here been prepared from a reaction by 3steps :- 1-In the first step the preparation of n-phenyl dithio carbamate (A) and derivatives from a reaction between Aniline and carbon disulfide in basic medium. 2-Then , preparation N-3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl amine tt 3 )) and derivativel from reaction between N-3-chloro-2-hydroxy propylamine and epichloro hydrine in methanolic a queous.3-In three step :-preparation 1-Alkyi amino -4-phenyl dithio-2-butanol amine ( I-IV) from reaction between A,B,and derivatives in absolute methanol The aim:-preparation of new series of propanol amine derivative, these have effect onblood pressure ' and heart rate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lazopoulos, Anastasios K., and Dimitrios Karaoulanis. "Fractional Derivatives and Projectile Motion." Axioms 10, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms10040297.

Full text

Abstract:

Projectile motion is studied using fractional calculus. Specifically, a newly defined fractional derivative (the Leibniz L-derivative) and its successor (Λ-fractional derivative) are used to describe the motion of the projectile. Experimental data were analyzed in this study, and conclusions were made. The results of well-established fractional derivatives were also compared with those of L-derivative and Λ-fractional derivative, showing the many advantages of these new derivatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Hasanah, Dahliatul. "On continuity properties of the improved conformable fractional derivatives." Jurnal Fourier 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/fourier.2022.112.88-96.

Full text

Abstract:

The conformable fractional derivative has been introduced to extend the familiar limit definition of the classical derivative. Despite having many advantages compared to other fractional derivatives such as satisfying nice properties as classical derivative and easy to solve numerically, it also has disadvantages as it gives large error compared to Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives. Modified types of conformable derivatives have been proposed to overcome the shortcoming. The improved conformal fractional derivatives are declared to be better approximations of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives in terms of physical behavior. In this paper, properties concerning continuity of the improved conformable fractional derivative are investigated. We prove the relation between -differentiable and continuity of a function and corresponding interior extremum theorem. We also prove the properties close to Rolle’s Theorem and Mean Value Theorem for the improved conformable fractional derivatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ortigueira, Manuel D. "A Factory of Fractional Derivatives." Symmetry 16, no. 7 (June 28, 2024): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16070814.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to demonstrate that, beyond the small world of Riemann–Liouville and Caputo derivatives, there is a vast and rich world with many derivatives suitable for specific problems and various theoretical frameworks to develop, corresponding to different paths taken. The notions of time and scale sequences are introduced, and general associated basic derivatives, namely, right/stretching and left/shrinking, are defined. A general framework for fractional derivative definitions is reviewed and applied to obtain both known and new fractional-order derivatives. Several fractional derivatives are considered, mainly Liouville, Hadamard, Euler, bilinear, tempered, q-derivative, and Hahn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Rehman, Hameed Ur, Maslina Darus, and Jamal Salah. "A Note on Caputo’s Derivative Operator Interpretation in Economy." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1260240.

Full text

Abstract:

We propound the economic idea in terms of fractional derivatives, which involves the modified Caputo’s fractional derivative operator. The suggested economic interpretation is based on a generalization of average count and marginal value of economic indicators. We use the concepts ofT-indicatorswhich analyses the economic performance with the presence of memory. The reaction of economic agents due to recurrence identical alteration is minimized by using the modified Caputo’s derivative operator of orderλinstead of integer order derivativen. The two sides of Caputo’s derivative are expressed by a brief time-line. The degree of attenuation is further depressed by involving the modified Caputo’s operator.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Mukherjee, Anurag, and Suhrit Ghosh. "Core-Substituted Naphthalene-Diimides (cNDI) and Related Derivatives: Versatile Scaffold for Supramolecular Assembly and Functional Materials." Organic Materials 03, no. 03 (June 16, 2021): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1530-0476.

Full text

Abstract:

Naphthalene-diimide (NDI)-derived building blocks have been explored extensively for supramolecular assembly as they exhibit attractive photophysical properties, suitable for applications in organic optoelectronics. Core-substituted derivatives of the NDI chromophore (cNDI) differ significantly from the parent NDI dye in terms of optical and redox properties. Adequate molecular engineering opportunities and substitution-dependent tunable optoelectronic properties make cNDI derivatives highly promising candidates for supramolecular assembly and functional materials. This short review discusses recent development in the area of functional supramolecular assemblies based on cNDIs and related molecules.Table of contents1. Introduction2. General Supramolecular Assemblies of cNDI Derivatives3. cNDI-Based Chiral Supramolecular Assemblies and Functional Materials4. Controlled Supramolecular Polymerization with cNDI Derivatives5. Dimeric Naphthalimide-Based Building Blocks6. Conclusions and Outlook

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Manjushree, S. "A Derivative is a Risk Hedging Tool from Investor Perspective." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i3.3131.

Full text

Abstract:

Derivatives products provide certain important economic benefits such as risk management or redistribution of risk away from risk-averse investors towards those more willing and able to bear the risk. Derivatives also help price discovery, i.e., the process of determining the price level for any asset based on supply and demand. These functions of derivatives help inefficient capital allocation in the economy; at the same time, their misuse also poses a threat to the stability of the financial sector and the overall economy. In the mid-1990s, India started reviving the exchangetraded commodity derivatives market. It introduced a variety of instruments in the foreign exchange derivatives market, while exchange-traded financial derivatives were introduced in 2001. Given India’s experience in informal derivatives trading, the exchange-traded derivatives were quick to pick up substantial volumes. This paper presents the concept of derivative and types of derivative products and how the investor perceives the derivative instrument as a risk-hedging tool in shivamooga city. The study is selected 70 respondents and used percentage analysis. The result obtained from the study reveals that the investor prefers a derivative is a risk-hedging tool.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Diethelm, Kai, Roberto Garrappa, Andrea Giusti, and Martin Stynes. "Why fractional derivatives with nonsingular kernels should not be used." Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis 23, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 610–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fca-2020-0032.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn recent years, many papers discuss the theory and applications of new fractional-order derivatives that are constructed by replacing the singular kernel of the Caputo or Riemann-Liouville derivative by a non-singular (i.e., bounded) kernel. It will be shown here, through rigorous mathematical reasoning, that these non-singular kernel derivatives suffer from several drawbacks which should forbid their use. They fail to satisfy the fundamental theorem of fractional calculus since they do not admit the existence of a corresponding convolution integral of which the derivative is the left-inverse; and the value of the derivative at the initial time t = 0 is always zero, which imposes an unnatural restriction on the differential equations and models where these derivatives can be used. For the particular cases of the so-called Caputo-Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu derivatives, it is shown that when this restriction holds the derivative can be simply expressed in terms of integer derivatives and standard Caputo fractional derivatives, thus demonstrating that these derivatives contain nothing new.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Valério, Duarte, Manuel D. Ortigueira, and António M. Lopes. "How Many Fractional Derivatives Are There?" Mathematics 10, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10050737.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we introduce a unified fractional derivative, defined by two parameters (order and asymmetry). From this, all the interesting derivatives can be obtained. We study the one-sided derivatives and show that most known derivatives are particular cases. We consider also some myths of Fractional Calculus and false fractional derivatives. The results are expected to contribute to limit the appearance of derivatives that differ from existing ones just because they are defined on distinct domains, and to prevent the ambiguous use of the concept of fractional derivative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bruckner, A. M., M. Laczkovich, G. Petruska, and B. S. Thomson. "Porosity and Approximate Derivatives." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 38, no. 5 (October 1, 1986): 1149–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1986-058-7.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to questions involving set porosity, particularly as it relates to differentiation theory. We may express the type of question in which we are interested by using the language of path derivatives and sequential derivatives. A path derivative of a function/is defined by writingwhere at each point x a set Ex is given. A special case of the path derivative is the sequential derivative, defined by writingwhere hn is a fixed sequence of nonzero numbers converging to zero.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ortigueira, Manuel Duarte, and Gabriel Bengochea. "Bilateral Tempered Fractional Derivatives." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050823.

Full text

Abstract:

The bilateral tempered fractional derivatives are introduced generalising previous works on the one-sided tempered fractional derivatives and the two-sided fractional derivatives. An analysis of the tempered Riesz potential is done and shows that it cannot be considered as a derivative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Norfield, Tony. "Derivatives, Money, Finance and Imperialism: A Response to Bryan and Rafferty." Historical Materialism 21, no. 2 (2013): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341296.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper contributes to the debate on the role of financial derivatives for capitalism. It responds to Bryan and Rafferty’s defence of their analysis and their critique of my own. The paper argues that their analysis confuses what a financial derivative does, and mixes together different kinds of derivative – and non-derivative – that play very different roles. After detailing these points, the paper discusses the relationship between gold, money and derivatives, rejecting their notion that derivatives are some kind of new ‘commodity money’. An important theme absent from Bryan and Rafferty’s analysis is the relationship of financial trading and derivatives markets to parasitism in the imperialist world economy. To illustrate this, the paper notes advantages enjoyed by the major financial powers – the US and the UK – that are the main centres for the origination of derivatives and for derivatives trading.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Khurshaid*, Adil, and Hajra Khurshaid. "Comparative Analysis and Definitions of Fractional Derivatives." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 4, no. 12 (December 2023): 1684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1852.

Full text

Abstract:

Fractional Calculus (FC) has emerged as a valuable tool in various fields. This study explores the historical development of (FC) and examines prominent definitions regarding Fractional Derivatives (FD), such as the Riemann-Liouville, Grunwald-Letnikov, Caputo Fractional Derivative, Katugampula derivatives, Caputo Fractional Derivative, Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Derivative and as well as Atangana-Baleanu Fractional Derivative. It critically evaluates their strengths, weaknesses and implications on (FD) equations. The findings contribute to establishing a clearer understanding of Fractional Derivatives (FD) and guiding their appropriate use in practical scenarios. It investigates the impact of different definitions on the properties and behaviors of (FD), providing valuable insights for researchers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Mistry, Rakesh N., and K. R. Desai. "Studies on Synthesis of Some Novel Heterocyclic Azlactone Derivatives and Imidazolinone Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activity." E-Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2005): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/542938.

Full text

Abstract:

p- Methyl benzoic acid on reaction with phosphorus pentachloride gives p - methyl benzoyl chloride derivative which on condensation with glycine gives p - methyl benzoyl glycine derivative. Now, this p - methyl benzoyl glycine derivative on condensation with various substituted aldehydes gives corresponding substituted 4 - [aryl methylidine] - 2 - [p - methyl phenyl] - oxazole - 5 - one derivatives [1(a-j)]. Further, these derivatives [1(a-j)] on condensation with 4 , 4’ - diamino diphenyl sulphone gives corresponding substituted imidazolinone - dibenzsulphone derivatives [2(a-j)], on condensation with 4 , 4’ - diamino diphenyl methane gives corresponding substituted imidazolinone - dibenzmethane derivatives [3(a-j)], on condensation with 4,4’- diamino benzanilide gives corresponding substituted imidazolinone - benzanilide derivatives [4(a-j)] and on condensation with 2 - amino pyridine gives corresponding substituted imidazolinone - pyridine derivatives [5(a-j)] respectively. Structure elucidation of synthesised compounds has been made on the basis of elemental analysis, I.R. spectral studies and1H N.M.R. spectral studies. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesised compounds has been studied against the cultures “Staphylococcus aureus”, “Escherichia coli” and “Candela albicans”.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kobilarev, Mina, and Branko Živanović. "The Offer of Financial Derivatives in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia." Economic Analysis 52, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/ea.19.52.2.pp43-63.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper examines the results of the research conducted in the Serbian banking sector considered the only counterparty to companies in the derivative OTC market given that Serbia’s financial system is bank-based. The primary objective is to assess the total level of derivative instruments demand in Serbia and types of derivatives offered by banks. Besides, we also aim to determine the reasons that limit the most the development of the domestic derivatives market and that impact bank activities aimed at attracting derivative business and its development phases. In addition, we explored the expertise of banking sector employees in the financial derivatives field, most often in the Treasury Department. We endeavoured to ascertain the number of staff working in departments in charge of derivatives trading, their professional skills and expertise, qualifications, training and certificates. We have analysed the reasons that most severely restrict the development of the domestic derivatives market and possibilities and limitations of introducing the derivatives market as an unregulated segment on the Belgrade Stock Exchange. This paper also gives a comparative overview of the use of derivatives from the banks’ viewpoint between the banking sectors in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) so as to determine the level of derivative instruments demand, types of derivatives offered by the banking sector and possibilities and limitations of introducing the derivatives market as a market segment on stock exchanges in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Mistry, Rakesh N., and K. R. Desai. "Studies on Synthesis of Some Novel Heterocyclic Chalcone, Pyrazoline, Pyrimidine - 2 - One, Pyrimidine - 2 - Thione,para-Acetanilide Sulphonyl and Benzoyl Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activity." E-Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2005): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/953107.

Full text

Abstract:

1, 2 - Dichloro benzene on chlorosulphonation by chlorosulphonic acid gives 1, 2 - [dichloro] - benzene sulphonyl chloride which on condensation withp–amino acetophenone gives 1-[acetyl] - 1’ , 2’ - [dichloro] - dibenz sulphonamide derivative. This derivative undergo condensation with 2,4- dichloro benzaldehyde gives 1- [3” - (sub. phenyl) - 2” - propene - 1” - one] - 1’ , 2’ - [dichloro] - dibenz sulphonamide derivative which on reaction with 99% hydrazine hydrate and glacial acetic acid gives 1-[acetyl]-3- [1’ , 2’ - (dichloro) - dibenz sulphonamide] -5 - [2” , 4” - dichloro phenyl] - 2 - pyrazoline derivative. This derivative reacts with various substituted aldehydes to give corresponding substituted chalcone derivatives [1(a-j)]. Now, these chalcone derivatives [1(a-j)] on condensation with urea gives corresponding substituted pyrimidine - 2 - one derivatives [2(a-j)] and on condensation with thio-urea gives corresponding substituted pyrimidine- 2 -thione derivatives [3(a-j)]. Further, these chalcone derivatives [1(a-j)] on reaction with 99% hydrazine hydrate gives 1 - [1’ - (H) - 5’ - (sub. phenyl) - 2’ - pyrazoline]- 3 - [1” , 2” - (dichloro) - dibenz sulphonamide] - 5 - [2’’’ , 4’’’ - dichloro phenyl]-2- pyrazoline derivatives [4(a-j)] as an intermediate compounds, which on condensation with p-acetanilide sulphonyl chloride gives corresponding substituted p - acetanilide sulphonyl derivatives [5(a-j)] and on condensation with benzoyl chloride gives corresponding substituted benzoyl derivatives [6(a-j)]. Structure elucidation of synthesised compounds has been made on the basis of elemental analysis, I.R. spectral studies and 1H N.M.R. spectral studies. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesised compounds has been studied against the cultures “Staphylococcus aureus”, “Escherichia coli” and “Candela albicans”.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Hattaf, Khalid. "A New Mixed Fractional Derivative with Applications in Computational Biology." Computation 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation12010007.

Full text

Abstract:

This study develops a new definition of a fractional derivative that mixes the definitions of fractional derivatives with singular and non-singular kernels. This developed definition encompasses many types of fractional derivatives, such as the Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives for singular kernel types, as well as the Caputo–Fabrizio, the Atangana–Baleanu, and the generalized Hattaf fractional derivatives for non-singular kernel types. The associate fractional integral of the new mixed fractional derivative is rigorously introduced. Furthermore, a novel numerical scheme is developed to approximate the solutions of a class of fractional differential equations (FDEs) involving the mixed fractional derivative. Finally, an application in computational biology is presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Li, Changpin, Deliang Qian, and YangQuan Chen. "On Riemann-Liouville and Caputo Derivatives." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/562494.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, many models are formulated in terms of fractional derivatives, such as in control processing, viscoelasticity, signal processing, and anomalous diffusion. In the present paper, we further study the important properties of the Riemann-Liouville (RL) derivative, one of mostly used fractional derivatives. Some important properties of the Caputo derivative which have not been discussed elsewhere are simultaneously mentioned. The partial fractional derivatives are also introduced. These discussions are beneficial in understanding fractional calculus and modeling fractional equations in science and engineering.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Drašar, Pavel, and Jiří Beránek. "2',3'-O-Carbonyl derivatives of 6-azauridine in the synthesis of its 5-substituted and 5'-deoxy derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 8 (1987): 2070–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872070.

Full text

Abstract:

Preparation of 2',3'-O-carbonyl derivatives of 5'-deoxy-6-azauridine and 6-azauridine using 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole has been elaborated. 5'-Chloro and 5'-bromo derivatives were prepared by treatment of the 5'-O-mesyl derivative with quaternary ammonium halides, 5'-chloro derivatives also by direct halogenation with thionyl chloride in hexamethylphosphortriamide or with tetrachloromethane, triphenyl phosphine, and dimethylformamide. Derivatives of 5'-bromo-6-azauridine were reduced with tributyltin hydride to 5'-deoxy-6-azauridine compounds. 6-Azauridine 2',3'-carbonate (IVa) and its 5'-derivatives IVc and IVe on treatment with imidazole in dimethylformamide afforded 2,2'-anhydronucleosides IIIa-IIIc. The 2,2'-anhydro-5'-deoxy compound IIIc underwent alkaline hydrolysis to 5'-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl-6-azauracil (VIa). Treatment of 2,2'-anhydro-5'-deoxy-5'-chloro derivative IIIb with hydrogen chloride led to 2',5'-dichloro derivative If.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Pandey, Shikha, Dragan Obradovic, Lakshmi Narayan Mishra, and Vishnu Narayan Mishra. "Second Order Partial Derivatives." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS 20 (September 8, 2021): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jam.v20i.9097.

Full text

Abstract:

The rules for calculating partial derivatives and differentials are the same as for calculating the derivative of a function of one variable, except that when finding partial derivatives per one variable, the other variables are considered as constants

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ahmed, Anwer S., Emre Kilic, and Gerald J. Lobo. "Does Recognition versus Disclosure Matter? Evidence from Value-Relevance of Banks' Recognized and Disclosed Derivative Financial Instruments." Accounting Review 81, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 567–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.3.567.

Full text

Abstract:

We provide evidence on how investor valuation of derivative financial instruments differs depending upon whether the fair value of these instruments is recognized or disclosed. Expanded disclosures and accounting practices prior to SFAS No. 133 and mandatory recognition of derivative fair values after SFAS No. 133 provide a natural setting for comparing the valuation implications of recognized and disclosed derivative fair value information. This unique setting mitigates many of the research design problems with recognition versus disclosure studies. Using a sample of banks that simultaneously hold recognized and disclosed derivatives prior to SFAS No. 133, we find that the valuation coefficients on recognized derivatives are significant, whereas the valuation coefficients on disclosed derivatives are not significant. Further, using a sample of banks that have only disclosed derivatives prior to SFAS No. 133, which are recognized after SFAS No.133, we find that while the valuation coefficients on disclosed derivatives are not significant, the valuation coefficients on recognized derivatives are significant. These results are consistent with the view that recognition and disclosure are not substitutes. Our findings suggest that SFAS No. 133 has increased the transparency of derivative financial instruments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Shi, Da, Ghulam Farid, Bakri Adam Ibrahim Younis, Hanaa Abu-Zinadah, and Matloob Anwar. "A Unified Representation of q- and h-Integrals and Consequences in Inequalities." Axioms 13, no. 4 (April 22, 2024): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13040278.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to unify q-derivative/q-integrals and h-derivative/h-integrals into a single definition, called q−h-derivative/q−h-integral. These notions are further extended on the finite interval [a,b] in the form of left and right q−h-derivatives and q−h-integrals. Some inequalities for q−h-integrals are studied and directly connected with well known results in diverse fields of science and engineering. The theory based on q-derivatives/q-integrals and h-derivatives/h-integrals can be unified using the q−h-derivative/q−h-integral concept.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Easton, CJ, and SC Peters. "Synthesis of Novel Cross-Linked Amino Acid Derivatives." Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 1 (1990): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9900087.

Full text

Abstract:

Reactions of the derivatives of cysteine (6), serine (7) and lysine (8a), with the bromide (1), afforded the corresponding cross-linked amino acid derivatives (11), (12) and (13). Of the linked species (11)-(13), the cysteine derivative (11) was found to be the most stable under a variety of conditions. A mixture of the cross-linked serine derivative (12) and the cysteine derivative (6) in chloroform containing triethylamine reacted to give the cross-linked cysteine derivative (11) and the serine derivative (7). Similarly, a mixture of (13) and (6) in chloroform reacted to give (11).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Farayola, Musiliu Folarin, Sharidan Shafie, Fuaada Mohd Siam, Rozi Mahmud, and Suraju Olusegun Ajadi. "Mathematical modeling of cancer treatments with fractional derivatives: An Overview." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n4.2062.

Full text

Abstract:

This review article presents fractional derivative cancer treatment models to show the importance of fractional derivatives in modeling cancer treatments. Cancer treatment is a significant research area with many mathematical models developed by mathematicians to represent the cancer treatment processes like hyperthermia, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, many of these models were based on ordinary derivatives and the use of fractional derivatives is still new to many mathematicians. Therefore, it is imperative to review fractional cancer treatment models. The review was done by first presenting 22 various definitions of fractional derivative. Thereafter, 11 articles were selected from different online databases which included Scopus, EBSCOHost, ScienceDirect Journal, SpringerLink Journal, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. These articles were summarized, and the used fractional derivative models were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the merit of modeling with fractional derivative, the most used fractional derivative definition, and the future direction for cancer treatment modeling were presented. From the results of the analysis, it was shown that fractional derivatives incorporated memory effects which gave it an advantage over ordinary derivative for cancer treatment modeling. Moreover, the fractional derivative is a general definition of all derivatives. Also, the fractional models can be applied to different cancer treatment procedures and the most used fractional derivative is the Caputo as well as its non-singular kernel versions. Finally, it was concluded that the future direction for cancer treatment modeling is the adoption of fractional derivative models corroborated with experimental or clinical data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Renuka*, Dr N. "Investors Perception towards Investments in Derivatives." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (October 30, 2019): 5421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l379181219.

Full text

Abstract:

The most significant aspect of derivatives is risk management not about the elimination of risk. For Conducting ordinary mode of business operations financial derivatives affords a powerful tool for limiting risks to the investors. There are various derivative instruments like index futures. Stock futures, index option, stock options, interest rate futures, currency option, currently traded in these exchanges. The derivative investors ought to perceive the market trend, market reforms, government policies, market regulations; factors influencing derivatives investment [Motivating Factors], return, investment opportunities obviously and adequately take prudent investment decisions. The present study investigates the investors perception towards investments in the derivatives market at Hyderabad region. The data were collected through questionnaire survey from 322 respondents in Hyderabad region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Attou, Samira, Ludovic Mignot, and Djelloul Ziadi. "Bottom-Up derivatives of tree expressions." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 55 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2021008.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we extend the notion of (word) derivatives and partial derivatives due to (respectively) Brzozowski and Antimirov to tree derivatives using already known inductive formulae of quotients. We define a new family of extended regular tree expressions (using negation or intersection operators), and we show how to compute a Brzozowski-like inductive tree automaton; the fixed point of this construction, when it exists, is the derivative tree automaton. Such a deterministic tree automaton can be used to solve the membership test efficiently: the whole structure is not necessarily computed, and the derivative computations can be performed in parallel. We also show how to solve the membership test using our (Bottom-Up) partial derivatives, without computing an automaton.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Smith, Mark R. "Basic Derivatives for the Oil and Gas Company." Alberta Law Review 39, no. 1 (August 1, 2001): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr511.

Full text

Abstract:

This article provides a general overview of some of the basic derivatives available to oil and gas companies. The author begins by defining what a derivative is and briefly summarizing four basic kinds derive, of derivatives. The author offers other examples of derivative products and illustrates how oil and gas companies can design and utilize these products to meet their individual needs. The article includes a discussion of the 1SDA master agreement, which is used for most over-the-counter derivative contracts. As well, the article outlines some of the key regulatory provisions governing and affecting derivatives, with particular emphasis on Alberta.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Ojha, Bhuwan Prasad. "Different Concepts of Derivatives." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 3 (January 10, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v3i0.18809.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, different concept of derivatives with some properties has been introduced. In differential calculus, the partial derivative, directional derivative and total derivative are studied. Their generalization for Banach spaces are the Gateaux differential and Freshet derivative.Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol.3, 2017, Page: 11-14

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Hashemi, Mir, Mustafa Inc, and Dumitru Baleanu. "On fractional KdV-burgers and potential KdV equations: Existence and uniqueness results." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 6 (2019): 2107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190101400h.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently a new kind of derivatives, namely the conformable derivative is introduced which have not many drawbacks of other fractional derivatives. Two types of KdV equations with conformable derivative are investigated in this paper. Ex-istence and uniqueness of two different equations of KdV class with conformable derivatives are investigated. It is also shown that the invariant subspace method can be extended to find the exact solutions of these equations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Rezbaev, A. V. "On logarithmic derivatives of probability densities." Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Mathematics. Computer Science. Mechanics Series 136, no. 3 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/bulmathenu.2021/3.2.

Full text

Abstract:

We construct two examples connected with the integrability of logarithmic derivatives of probability densities on the real line, in particular, with the Fisher information number. These examples show that the Fisher information of a probability density cannot be estimated in terms of L^1 -norms of its first and second derivatives and the maximum of the absolute value of the second derivative. In addition, the norm of the logarithmic derivative of the density in L^3 cannot be estimated in terms of the norms in L^1 of the derivatives of the density of any order.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Arsianti, Ade, Chie Aoki Utsubo, Fadilah Fadilah, Anton Bahtiar, Dadan Ramadhan Apriyanto, Surya Dwira, Novia Arinda Pradisty, et al. "SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-HEPATITIS C VIRUS ACTIVITY OF GALLIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH CHIRAL CENTER." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18162.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: In this work, we aim to synthesize gallic acid derivatives with chiral center and to evaluate its anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) activity.Methods: Synthesis of the target derivatives was started from esterification of commercially available boc deprotection (Boc)-L-threonine with allyl bromide, followed by Boc with HCl/EtOAc, amidation, and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation with (DHQ)2PHAL or (DHQD)2PHAL as a ligand to give desired gallic acid derivatives. The synthesized gallic acid derivatives were then evaluated for anti-HCV activity and cytotoxicity.Results: The target derivatives were successfully synthesized in ranging from 20% to 30% of yield. Anti-HCV activity of the derivatives is greatly improved by the presence of chiral center, hydroxyl group, and monomethoxy group on the aromatic ring, with showed no cytotoxicity. This fact revealed that the chiral center, hydroxyl group, and monomethoxy group on the aromatic ring of gallic acid derivatives are responsible for its anti-HCV activity. Moreover, gallic acid derivative which possesses a chiral center of bottom facial stereochemistry was found to have a stronger anti-HCV activity than gallic acid derivative with chiral center of top facial stereochemistry. Suggesting that, bottom facial stereocenter in gallic acid derivative was more effective for anti-HCV activity than the top facial stereocenter.Conclusion: Gallic acid derivatives with chiral center exhibited a greater antiviral activity against HCV than gallic acid. Thus, the derivatives should be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of HCV infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

El-hashash, Maher A., Amira T. Ali, Rasha A. Hussein, and Wael M. El-Sayed. "Synthesis and Reactivity of 6,8-Dibromo-2-ethyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one Towards Nucleophiles and Electrophiles and Their Anticancer Activity." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666190201145221.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The genetic heterogeneity of tumor cells and the development of therapy-resistant cancer cells in addition to the high cost necessitate the continuous development of novel targeted therapies. Methods: In this regard, 14 novel benzoxazinone derivatives were synthesized and examined for anticancer activity against two human epithelial cancer cell lines; breast MCF-7 and liver HepG2 cells. 6,8-Dibromo-2- ethyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one was subjected to react with nitrogen nucleophiles to afford quinazolinone derivatives and other related moieties (3-12). Benzoxazinone 2 responds to attack with oxygen nucleophile such as ethanol to give ethyl benzoate derivative 13. The reaction of benzoxazinone 2 with carbon electrophile such as benzaldehyde derivatives afforded benzoxazinone derivatives 14a and 14b.The structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed with spectroscopic tools including IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Results: Derivatives 3, 9, 12, 13, and 14b exhibited high antiproliferative activity and were selective against cancer cells showing no toxicity in normal fibroblasts. Derivative 3 with NH-CO group in quinazolinone ring was effective only against breast cells, while derivative 12 with NH-CO group in imidazole moiety was only effective against liver cells probably through arresting cell cycle and enabling repair mechanisms. The other derivatives (9, 13, and 14b) had broader antiproliferative activity against both cell lines. These derivatives enhance the expression of the p53 and caspases 9 and 3 to varying degrees in both cell lines. Derivative 14b caused the highest induction in the investigated genes and was the only derivative to inhibit the EGFR activity. Conclusions: The unique features about derivative 14b could be attributed to its high lipophilicity, high carbon content, or its extended conjugation through planar aromatic system. More investigations are required to identify the lead compound(s) in animal models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Babenko, V. F., and M. S. Churilova. "On inequalities of Kolmogorov type for fractional derivatives of functions defined on the real domain." Researches in Mathematics 16 (February 7, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/240804.

Full text

Abstract:

We obtain new inequalities that generalize known result of Geisberg, which was obtained for fractional Marchaud derivatives, to the case of higher derivatives, at that the fractional derivative is a Riesz one. The inequality with second higher derivative is sharp.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Prodanov, Dimiter. "Generalized Differentiability of Continuous Functions." Fractal and Fractional 4, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract4040056.

Full text

Abstract:

Many physical phenomena give rise to mathematical models in terms of fractal, non-differentiable functions. The paper introduces a broad generalization of the derivative in terms of the maximal modulus of continuity of the primitive function. These derivatives are called indicial derivatives. As an application, the indicial derivatives are used to characterize the nowhere monotonous functions. Furthermore, the non-differentiability set of such derivatives is proven to be of measure zero. As a second application, the indicial derivative is used in the proof of the Lebesgue differentiation theorem. Finally, the connection with the fractional velocities is demonstrated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

El-Essawy, Farag A., Wael A. El-Sayed, Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Asmaa S. Morshedy, and Adel-H. Abdel-Rahman. "Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of New 1,2,4-Triazol-2-yl- and 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl-2-pyridinone Derivatives." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2008): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-9-1010.

Full text

Abstract:

A number of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 3 - 9, and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, 13 - 15, were synthesized starting form the acid hydrazide 1. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 12 was prepared from the substituted phenylthiosemicarbazide derivative 11 by treatment with sulfuric acid. The aryl hydrazone derivatives 10a - c were synthesized by reaction of the hydrazide 1 with the corresponding ketones. The thioalkyl derivatives 16a - e were prepared by akylation of the thiol derivatives 3 and 13 with different alkylating agents. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-HBV activity and some of these compounds showed high antiviral activity

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Al-Harbi, Reem A. K. "Synthesis of New Coumarin Scaffold Bearing 2-Iminochromene Moiety." Acta Chimica Slovenica 70, no. 3 (September 20, 2023): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2023.8016.

Full text

Abstract:

Coumarin is classified as one of interesting therapeutic starting research points to obtain remarkable compounds with high efficacy. So, during this research, new 2-iminochromene derivatives bearing coumarin moiety were synthesized. At first, cyanoacetohydrazone of 3-acetylcoumarin was prepared and used as the starting material. The 2-iminochromene derivatives were synthesized through the ring closure of cyanoacetohydrazone derivative with 4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde, 5-aryldiazosalicylaldehydes, 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and 7-hydroxychromone-6-carboxaldehyde derivative. All of the newly synthesized coumarin derivatives were obtained in excellent yields; so, the new synthesized coumarin derivatives will participate in the enrichment of the chemical libraries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Gao, Kun, Yukun Qin, Song Liu, Ronge Xing, Huahua Yu, Xiaolin Chen, Kecheng Li, and Pengcheng Li. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Phytopathogen Evaluation of 6-Oxychitosan Derivatives Containing N-Quaternized Moieties in Its Backbone." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3970142.

Full text

Abstract:

The structure modification of chitosan has great application potential. 6-Oxychitosan was prepared by specially oxidizing the C6-OH of chitosan, then 6-oxychitosan was reacted with three kinds of aldehydes to prepare N-quaternized 6-oxychitosan derivatives in this paper. The derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of these derivatives was tested against two common plant-threatening fungi and three plant disease bacteria. The results showed that N-quaternized 6-oxychitosan derivatives had good water-solubility and excellent antimicrobial activity. Moreover, derivative 3 which connected 8-hydroxyquinolines had the highest antimicrobial activity than the other derivatives. The inhibitory indices of derivative 3 against V. albo-atrum and P. hibernalis are 89.1% and 72.8% at 0.4 mg/ml. The MICs of 3 against X. oryzae, P. syringae, and E. rhapontici were 625, 625, and 156 mg/l, respectively. All the results indicate that derivative 3 has the potential of becoming an alternative to harmful agricultural chemicals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Garrappa, Roberto, Eva Kaslik, and Marina Popolizio. "Evaluation of Fractional Integrals and Derivatives of Elementary Functions: Overview and Tutorial." Mathematics 7, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7050407.

Full text

Abstract:

Several fractional-order operators are available and an in-depth knowledge of the selected operator is necessary for the evaluation of fractional integrals and derivatives of even simple functions. In this paper, we reviewed some of the most commonly used operators and illustrated two approaches to generalize integer-order derivatives to fractional order; the aim was to provide a tool for a full understanding of the specific features of each fractional derivative and to better highlight their differences. We hence provided a guide to the evaluation of fractional integrals and derivatives of some elementary functions and studied the action of different derivatives on the same function. In particular, we observed how Riemann–Liouville and Caputo’s derivatives converge, on long times, to the Grünwald–Letnikov derivative which appears as an ideal generalization of standard integer-order derivatives although not always useful for practical applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Khan, Khalid A., Hassan M. Faidallah, and Abdullah M. Asiri. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New N,N′-Bis(1-substituted-ethylidene)-ethane1,2-diamine and Their Acetyl and Trifluoroacetyl Derivatives as Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Agents." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/478635.

Full text

Abstract:

Several Schiff bases2have been prepared by the condensation of various methyl ketones1with 1,2-ethylenediamine. Subsequent acylation of these Schiff bases with trifluoroacetic anhydride in THF yields the corresponding trifluoroacetyl derivatives3. However,o-hydroxy- ando-methoxy-substituted derivatives yielded substituted-trifluoromethylchroman-4-ones. Additionally, Schiff bases when reacted with acetic anhydride afforded the C-acetylated derivatives4. The structures of the isolated compounds were fully determined by spectral methods. Preliminary biological screening of the prepared compounds revealed significant cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Moloi, Tankiso. "The nature of the derivative market transactions traded in the Johannesburg securities exchange." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 3 (2014): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i3c1art3.

Full text

Abstract:

The main objective of the study was to assess and understand the nature of derivative products traded in the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) by analysing daily transactions consisting of deals and contracts concluded, as well as notional values of derivatives traded in the review period. Analysed data found that the South African derivative market continues to grow and evolve with the consistent introduction of new derivative products such as the “can do” derivatives, IDX derivatives that are now being traded at the JSE. The evolvement and growth is confirmed by the fact that the total derivative deals in the JSE has also grown by 16.6% (CAGR) from 2006. The study further found that the equity index remains the largest derivative for both options and futures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Emmons, Brad, and Xiao Xiao. "A generalization of arithmetic derivative to p-adic fields and number fields." Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 30, no. 2 (May 27, 2024): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2024.30.2.357-382.

Full text

Abstract:

The arithmetic derivative is a function from the natural numbers to itself that sends all prime numbers to 1 and satisfies the Leibniz rule. The arithmetic partial derivative with respect to a prime p is the p-th component of the arithmetic derivative. In this paper, we generalize the arithmetic partial derivative to p-adic fields (the local case) and the arithmetic derivative to number fields (the global case). We study the dynamical system of the p-adic valuation of the iterations of the arithmetic partial derivatives. We also prove that for every integer n \geq 0, there are infinitely many elements with exactly n anti-partial derivatives. In the end, we study the p-adic continuity of arithmetic derivatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Heterocyclic Compounds from 2, 5- dimercapto -1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole and Their Resins." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2016): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.2.275-288.

Full text

Abstract:

In this research, a new 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized by many heterocyclic reactions. Starting from (2, 5 – dimercapto -1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole) a variety of derivatives have been synthesis. Compound (1) was synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with carbon disulphide in absolute ethanol. The compound (1) was reacted with 1, 2-dibromoethane in presence of alkali ethanol to give the compound (2). The compound (3) was formed from the reaction of compound (2) with hydrazine hydrate. Schiff base (4) was obtained by reacting of compound (3) with the compound (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde) in absolute ethanol. A variety of phenolic Schiff base (Methylolic, Etheric, and Epoxy) derivatives have been synthesized. Methylolic derivative was synthesized by the reaction of Schiff base (4) with formaldehyde in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Etheric derivative was formed from the reaction of a methylolic Schiff base (5) with saturated alcohol (Methanol).Epoxy derivative was synthesized by the reaction of epichlorohydrine with etheric derivative (6) .The last step of this research was the preparation of a composite material from mixing the Epoxy resin derivative(7), TiO2and morpholine via ring opening. All these derivatives were verified by using (FT-IR, UV) spectra photometer and 1H-NMR spectra. Also, these derivatives were characterized using elemental analysis (C.H.N.S) .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Easton, CJ, and SC Peters. "Reactions of α-Substituted Glycine Derivatives With Stannanes in the Presence of Disulfides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 5 (1994): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9940859.

Full text

Abstract:

Reactions of α- bromo -, α- benzoyloxy - and α- methoxy -substituted glycine derivatives with stannanes afforded the corresponding α- centred glycinyl radical, which reacted with di -t-butyl disulfide and diphenyl disulfide by homolytic substitution to give the corresponding α-t- butylthio- and α-phenylthio -substituted glycine derivatives, respectively. The glycinyl radical reacted with dibenzyl disulfide by displacement of benzyl radical to give a mixed disulfide, which was subsequently reduced to the corresponding α- benzylthio-substituted glycine derivative. In related reactions of a cystine derivative the corresponding S-glycinylcysteine derivative was produced, indicating that, while the chemical integrity of disulfide bonds in cystine derivatives is likely to be affected in radical reactions of peptides, the reactions are suitable for exploitation in the synthesis of cross-linked amino acid derivatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Holman, Glen, Carlos Correia, Lucian Pitt, and Akios Majoni. "The corporate use of derivatives by listed non-financial firms in Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 671–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c7art5.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the results of an extensive analysis of derivative use by 692 companies in 20 countries across the African continent. The results show that 29% of non-financial companies in Africa use derivatives but that derivative use is dominated by firms within South Africa. The study finds that 54% of firms in South Africa use derivatives but only 5% of non-financial firms in Africa (excluding South Africa) use derivatives for hedging purposes. The majority of derivative use is directed toward the management of currency risks and the derivative instrument of choice is OTC forwards. Swaps are used to hedge interest rate risk and minimal use is made of OTC or exchange traded options and futures

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Derivatives'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles