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Journal articles on the topic 'Derivative action'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Yap, Ji Lian. "Whither the Common Law Derivative Action?" Common Law World Review 38, no. 3 (September 2009): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/clwr.2009.38.3.0185.

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The common law derivative action was developed as a result of decades of case law in common law jurisdictions. Hong Kong and Singapore continue to retain the common law derivative action within their respective legal frameworks, despite both having enacted statutory derivative actions. This paper considers the situations in which the common law derivative action continues to have practical application in each of these jurisdictions. It then considers whether the common law derivative action should be abolished in these jurisdictions, and if so, what consequential changes should be made to the statutory derivative action framework concurrent with this proposed abolition.

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2

PAYNE, JENNIFER. "“CLEAN HANDS” IN DERIVATIVE ACTIONS." Cambridge Law Journal 61, no. 1 (March 7, 2002): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197302001538.

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THIS article challenges the commonly expressed view that shareholders wishing to bring a derivative action on behalf of the company must have “clean hands” ie that there must be nothing in the shareholders behaviourwhich renders it unjust to allow the derivative action to proceed. While minority shareholders’ misbehaviour might well have consequences for themselves, such as requiring the repayment of dividends known to have been paid unlawfully, those actions ought, in the normal course of events, to be irrelevant for the purpose of deciding whether to allow a derivative action to proceed. This article suggests some circumstances in which a minority shareholder’s situation or actions may affect the decision to allow a derivative action brought by that particular shareholder to proceed, but these do not spring from the clean hands doctrine, but rather from the particular factual circumstances of the case or from an entirely proper desire on the court’s part to use the derivative action only where it is necessary to achieve justice for the company

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3

Blomberg, Olle. "From Simple to Composite Agency: On Kirk Ludwig’s From Individual to Plural Agency." Journal of Social Ontology 5, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2019-0023.

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AbstractAccording to Kirk Ludwig, only primitive actions are actions in a primary and non-derivative sense of the term ‘action’. Ludwig takes this to imply that the notion of collective action is a façon de parler – useful perhaps, but secondary and derivative. I argue that, on the contrary, collective actions are actions in the primary and non-derivative sense. First, this is because some primitive actions are collective actions. Secondly, individual and collective composites of primitive actions are also actions in the primary and non-derivative sense. Hence, individual action and collective action are ontologically on a par. Ludwig also exaggerates the contrast between individual and collective action by introducing a “sole agency requirement” in his account of the semantics of singular action sentences. However, sole agency is merely typically pragmatically implicated by singular action sentences, not entailed by them. If I say, “I turned on the light”, after we each flipped one of two switches that together turned on the light, then I might be misleading the audience, but what I say is true. Finally, I argue that, contra Ludwig, individuals often have “I-intentions” to bring about an event that can be satisfied even if there are co-agents who bring about the event in the same way.

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4

SHIMA, KAZUNARI, and MOTOMU TSUDA. "LINEARIZING N=1 NONLINEAR SUPERSYMMETRY WITH HIGHER DERIVATIVE TERMS OF A NAMBU–GOLDSTONE FERMION." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 18 (June 14, 2004): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304013994.

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We investigate for N=1 supersymmetry (SUSY) the relation between a scalar supermultiplet of linear SUSY and a nonlinear (NL) SUSY model including apparently pathological higher derivative terms of a Nambu–Goldstone (N-G) fermion besides the Volkov–Akulov (V-A) action. SUSY invariant relations with higher derivative terms of the N-G fermion, which connect the linear and NL–SUSY models, are constructed at leading orders by heuristic arguments. We discuss a higher derivative action of the N-G fermion in the NL–SUSY model, which apparently includes a (Weyl) ghost field. By using this relation, we also explicitly prove an equivalence between the standard NL–SUSY V-A model and our NL–SUSY model with the pathological higher derivatives as an example with respect to the universality of NL–SUSY actions with the N-G fermion.

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5

Quach, Quynh Thuy. "Transplantation of Derivative Actions to Vietnam - Tip-offs from Absence of Academic Debate." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 7 (2012): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2194607800000636.

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AbstractDerivative actions have just been newly introduced into Vietnamese company law in 2010. The adoption of the derivative action is a striking signal of Vietnam's affiliation with the litigation bandwagon of East Asian countries. Unlike those Asian countries where the issue of the transplanting and functioning of derivative actions are well-discussed topics in the corporate governance literature, such discussions have not yet begun in Vietnam. In fact, the derivative action was adopted without a domestic academic debate to pave the way for its introduction. The lack of discussion on the one hand is troublesome to those who want to review the transplantation of the derivative action to Vietnam. On the other hand, this absence also detaches the Vietnamese academic debate from the on-going international debate on the subject.Seeking possible explanations for the absence of such debate is the first aim of this article. Towards this end, the article proposes three explanation which help to explain why the derivative action had never been widely discussed in Vietnam before its introduction. Such explanations enable us to better understand the context in which the action was introduced. Moreover, the explanations provide us with hints to predict the feasibility of the derivative action in the jurisdiction. The second aim of this article is to give some suggestions to improve the newly-adopted regulations on derivative actions. For this purpose, some of the ambiguities and deficiencies of the regulations are discussed. Based on the understanding of its surrounding context and its own deficiencies, the article comes up with conclusions on the future of the derivative action in Vietnam.

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6

CHEN, Vivien. "The Statutory Derivative Action in Malaysia: Comparison with an Australian Judicial Approach." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 12, no. 2 (October 19, 2017): 281–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2017.19.

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AbstractThis article examines the operation of the Malaysian statutory derivative action through an analysis of Malaysian judicial decisions from 2008 to 2015. It considers the extent to which the statutory derivative action has achieved its underlying objective of facilitating better shareholder access to redress. The analysis focuses on applications for leave to bring derivative actions for breaches of directors’ duties, considering the manner in which the courts have interpreted and applied the criteria for granting leave and the rate of success in obtaining leave. The findings are compared with an analysis of Australian statutory derivative actions and situated in a broader comparative context. The article considers the effectiveness of the Malaysian statutory derivative action in facilitating better shareholder access to redress and canvasses possible explanations for the Malaysian approach.

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7

Zhao, Jingchen. "A more efficient derivative action system in China: challenges and opportunities through corporate governance theory." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 64, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v64i2.344.

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The derivative action is an exception to the rule in Foss v Harbottle1 that was introduced with high expectations during a Chinese company law (CCL) reform that came into effect in 2006. It is vital to combat the abuse of derivative action in China, a country with an emerging corporate governance model, a weak legal system and inefficient enforcement measures. This article examines several deficiencies in derivative actions, with the purpose of arguing for a more effective and positive derivative action rule for the benefit of shareholders and their companies, and also for the development of CCL and the reconstruction of the Chinese corporate governance system. Corporate governance theories will be discussed as theoreticalsupports for a more efficient and enforceable derivative action system in China.

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8

Tomboulis, E. T. "Renormalization and unitarity in higher derivative and nonlocal gravity theories." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 03n04 (January 30, 2015): 1540005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315400052.

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We review and discuss higher derivative and nonlocal theories of quantum gravity focusing on their UV and unitarity properties. We first consider the general fourth-order gravitational action, then actions containing derivatives up to any given fixed order, and discuss their UV divergences, fixed points and concomitant unitarity issues. This leads to a more general discussion of "asymptotic safety" and unitarity, which motivates the introduction of nonlocal theories containing derivatives to all orders arising from the expansion of entire functions. For such theories good UV behavior is visible at any finite truncation, but unitarity emerges only when derivatives to all orders are included.

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9

Goo, S. H. "Multiple Derivative Action and Common Law Derivative Action Revisited: A Tale of Two Jurisdictions." Journal of Corporate Law Studies 10, no. 1 (April 2010): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735970.2010.11419826.

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10

Bilousenko, Рetro. "Lexico-word-forming types of nulsufixal nouns in the Ukrainian language of the XI-XIII centuries (male derivatives)." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2020.03.003.

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The relevance of the study of the history of null suffix derivation as an important component of the Ukrainian word-forming system is substantiated. The origin of Proto-Slavic derivatives is revealed with the help of thematic vowels *a, *ŏ, *and, *ŭ, which originally served as a means of noun word formation, their original meaning is no longer restored. It was found that the materially expressed suffixes in the Proto-Slavic language had a specific character, they combined two functions: word-forming and inflectional, which gave rise to call them suffixes-inflections or protonulsuffixal forms. Subsequent common language changes (phonetic, morphological) caused the loss of the material index of origin, while preserving the structural and semantic connections of creative and derivative formations. The description of lexical-word-forming types of null suffix masculine deverbatives in the ancient Russian-Ukrainian language of the XI–XIII centuries is carried out. based on the materials of the first written monuments of the Ukrainian language and lexicographical works that reflect the vocabulary of this period. The selected derivatives have a general word-forming meaning “carrier of a procedural feature” or “objectified action or state”. These groups of derivatives represent lexical-word-forming types of names of persons by permanent or temporary occupation or profession, names of persons-bearers of procedural attribute (behavior, views, family relations, social status, etc.), names of subjects of action as a collective concept. Several attributive names of animals, less often of plants, have been documented. Lexical-word-forming types of null-suffix derivatives in the word-forming field of inanimate objects are described: natural phenomena, natural disasters, names of natural objects, locatives, structures, tools, results of physical or intellectual action, etc. In the group of derivatives with the general word-forming meaning “objectified action or state” groups of derivatives are analyzed, which name the action of greater or lesser intensity as an object, names of human actions (positive or negative) human feelings, desires, inner state, names of intellectual action processes. Selected linguistic facts give grounds to assert that the zero-suffix creation of masculine nouns in the ancient Russian-Ukrainian language was a common phenomenon, which laid a strong foundation for further activation of the zero formant in the noun derivation. Keywords: history of null-suffix derivation, pro-noun suffix formants, general word-forming meaning, lexical-word-forming types, carrier of procedural feature, objectified action or state.

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11

Colombaro, Ivano, Josep Font-Segura, and Alfonso Martinez. "An Exterior Algebraic Derivation of the Euler–Lagrange Equations from the Principle of Stationary Action." Mathematics 9, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 2178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9182178.

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In this paper, we review two related aspects of field theory: the modeling of the fields by means of exterior algebra and calculus, and the derivation of the field dynamics, i.e., the Euler–Lagrange equations, by means of the stationary action principle. In contrast to the usual tensorial derivation of these equations for field theories, that gives separate equations for the field components, two related coordinate-free forms of the Euler–Lagrange equations are derived. These alternative forms of the equations, reminiscent of the formulae of vector calculus, are expressed in terms of vector derivatives of the Lagrangian density. The first form is valid for a generic Lagrangian density that only depends on the first-order derivatives of the field. The second form, expressed in exterior algebra notation, is specific to the case when the Lagrangian density is a function of the exterior and interior derivatives of the multivector field. As an application, a Lagrangian density for generalized electromagnetic multivector fields of arbitrary grade is postulated and shown to have, by taking the vector derivative of the Lagrangian density, the generalized Maxwell equations as Euler–Lagrange equations.

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12

Thompson, Robert W., Scott T. Jeffers, and Codie L. Chisholm. "The Limits of Derivative Actions: The Application of Limitation Periods to Derivative Actions." Alberta Law Review 49, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr110.

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Limitation periods are an integral and significant aspect of the litigation process in Canada. Although the application of limitation periods may often seem harsh, they are generally considered to be beneficial by bringing stability to society and by providing an incentive to plaintiffs not to “sleep on their rights.” However, in corporate derivative actions (actions brought by a shareholder against directors or officers of the corporation on the corporation’s behalf), the application of a limitation period presents certain issues that could result in such goals not being advanced. Specifically, two main issues arise, namely; who is the claimant for the purposes of limitation periods, and how do limitation periods apply to leave applications? The authors propose that the Canadian judiciary should adopt the adverse domination doctrine, applying the majority test, and explicitly hold that the filing of the leave application is sufficient to bring the derivative action within the limitation period. This approach would be consistent with the separate corporate existence principle and the purposes underlying limitation periods, as well as providing certainty and predictability to the adjudication of derivative action claims.

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13

Sullivan, G. R. "Restating the Scope of the Derivative Action." Cambridge Law Journal 44, no. 2 (July 1985): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300115387.

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By equitable concession a shareholder may bring a representative action, ostensibly on behalf of himself and fellow shareholders, but in reality for the company, to permit corporate recovery against persons in a position of control who have perpetrated a fraud on the company. Such “derivative” actions form an exception to the axiom, expressed as one aspect of the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, that in matters of corporate recovery the proper plaintiff is the company itself.

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14

FUJINAKA, Toru, and Hiroshi SHIBATA. "Simplified Adaptive Control with Derivative Action." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 30, no. 5 (1994): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.30.562.

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15

Zolotareva, G. N., L. P. Akin'shina, and L. U. Radchenko. "Genotoxic action of nitrofuran derivative drugs." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 26, no. 7-8 (1993): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00777129.

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16

Ito, Takumi, and Hiroshi Handa. "Another action of a thalidomide derivative." Nature 523, no. 7559 (July 2015): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14628.

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17

Cheyette, Oren. "Derivative Expansion of the Effective Action." Physical Review Letters 55, no. 22 (November 25, 1985): 2394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.55.2394.

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18

Je, Jae-Young, and Se-Kwon Kim. "Antimicrobial action of novel chitin derivative." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1760, no. 1 (January 2006): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.09.012.

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19

Asorey, M., J. L. López, and I. L. Shapiro. "Some Remarks on High Derivative Quantum Gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 32 (December 30, 1997): 5711–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97002991.

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We analyze the perturbative implications of the most general high derivative approach to quantum gravity based on a diffeomorphism-invariant local action. In particular, we consider the superrenormalizable case with a large number of metric derivatives in the action. The structure of ultraviolet divergences is analyzed in some detail. We show that they are independent of the gauge-fixing condition and the choice of field reparametrization. The cosmological counterterm is shown to vanish under certain parameter conditions. We elaborate on the unitarity problem of high derivative approaches and the distribution of masses of unphysical ghosts. We also discuss the properties of the low energy regime and explore the possibility of having a multiscale gravity with different scaling regimes compatible with Einstein gravity at low energies. Finally, we show that the ultraviolet scaling of matter theories is not affected by the quantum corrections of high derivative gravity. As a consequence, asymptotic freedom is stable under those quantum gravity corrections.

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20

Gadaffi, Yohanna, and Miriam Tatu. "Derivative Action Under the Companies Act 2015: New Jurisprudence or Mere Codification of Common Law Principles?" Strathmore Law Journal 2, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slj.v2i1.16.

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One of the salient features of Kenya’s Companies Act 2015 is the codification of derivative action (the rule in Foss v Harbottle and its exceptions). While the statutory provision for derivative action is aimed at addressing the challenges that arose from common law derivative action, the statutory derivative action fails to achieve this outcome. At best, it is a restatement of the common law principles flowing from the rule in Foss v Harbottle and its exceptions.

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21

Bøgesø, Klaus P., and Michael Bech Sommer. "The effect of aromatic substitution on neuroleptic activity in 1-piperazino-3-phenylindans. A comparison based on a new D-2 receptor model with corresponding 10-piperazino-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 11 (1991): 2456–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19912456.

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The validity of a new dopamine D-2 receptor interaction model based on conformational analysis and least-squares superimposition studies of the indan derivative tefludazine and the thiepin derivative octoclothepin was further tested by comparison of the effect of aromatic substitution on D-2 antagonistic activity in two series of indan and thiepin derivatives. The indan series include new derivatives substituted in the 4-, 7-, 2’- and 3’-position. The substitution effects were largely parallel with one important exception: Only 6-substituted indans have significant neuroleptic activity while both 8- and 7-substituted thiepin derivatives have neuroleptic activity. In indans additional fluorination in the 2’- or 4’-position is demanded to give potent neuroleptic activity, while a 3’-fluoro-substituted derivative was inactive. Fluorination is not necessary in thiepins although 3-fluoro derivatives have a significant prolonged duration of action. Considering the differences in physico-chemical properties, metabolism and pharmacokinetics between the two series, the largely parallel substitution effects support the new D-2 receptor model.

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22

Kim, Sangsoo. "Shareholder"s Derivative Action and Civil Enforcement." Sogang Journal of Law and Business 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35505/sjlb.2015.12.5.3.167.

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23

Garousi, Mohammad R., and Hanif Golchin. "On higher derivative corrections of tachyon action." Nuclear Physics B 800, no. 3 (September 2008): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2008.03.005.

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24

Dong, Xi, and Rong-Xin Miao. "Generalized gravitational entropy from total derivative action." Journal of High Energy Physics 2015, no. 12 (December 2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2015)100.

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25

Odintsov, S. D., and V. M. Shakhmatov. "Effective action in higher derivative (Super)gravities." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 40, no. 2 (February 1990): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01597726.

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26

Garrappa, Roberto, Eva Kaslik, and Marina Popolizio. "Evaluation of Fractional Integrals and Derivatives of Elementary Functions: Overview and Tutorial." Mathematics 7, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7050407.

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Several fractional-order operators are available and an in-depth knowledge of the selected operator is necessary for the evaluation of fractional integrals and derivatives of even simple functions. In this paper, we reviewed some of the most commonly used operators and illustrated two approaches to generalize integer-order derivatives to fractional order; the aim was to provide a tool for a full understanding of the specific features of each fractional derivative and to better highlight their differences. We hence provided a guide to the evaluation of fractional integrals and derivatives of some elementary functions and studied the action of different derivatives on the same function. In particular, we observed how Riemann–Liouville and Caputo’s derivatives converge, on long times, to the Grünwald–Letnikov derivative which appears as an ideal generalization of standard integer-order derivatives although not always useful for practical applications.

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27

Dunne, Gerald. "An All-Orders Derivative Expansion." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 06 (March 10, 1997): 1143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97000876.

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We evaluate the exact QED2+1 effective action for fermions in the presence of a family of static but spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field profiles. This exact result yields an all-orders derivative expansion of the effective action, and indicates that the derivative expansion is an asymptotic, rather than a convergent, expansion.

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28

Faquire, Razaul Karim. "Nominalization and Its Role in the Formation of Noun Phrase in Japanese." Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics 5, no. 2 (August 26, 2021): PRESS. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jjlel.v5i2.11407.

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This study sheds light on the yields of nominalization and their role in the formation of Noun Phrases in Japanese in an envisaged framework which considers nominalization to be a morphosyntactic process. Nominalization operates on the linguistic constituent to transform it into a derivative/transformed constituent. It brings forth derivative nouns by operating on the words other than nouns involving the process of derivation as well as action nominal constituent and nominal clause respectively involving the simultaneous process of desententialization and transformation, and the process of reduction of clausal properties from a finite clause. It fundamentally differs from the prevalent nominalizer approach, which derives bound-noun-headed nominals by juxtaposition of a dependent constituent with the nominalizers, e.g. no and koto. The derivative noun, bound-noun-headed constituent, action nominal constituent as well as nominal clause together form a grammatical category called nominals, which partake both as the head or the adnominal in the formation of NP involving certain grammatical rules.

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29

Liu, Xu, Wei Liu, and Yun Fei Zhao. "Research Progress and Prospects for Vehicle Dynamic Stability Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 729 (January 2015): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.729.95.

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Dynamic stability parameters (dynamic derivatives) are important indicators for the control system design, orbit design and longitudinal and horizontal dynamic stability analysis of aircrafts. Methods that evaluate the quality and dynamics of an aircraft typically include flight experiment, wind tunnel testing and theoretical calculation, with one of the most important part of them being the obtainment of dynamic derivatives. Project estimation method derivative action is not considered suitable for boundary layer transition, flow separation and re-attached and the complex situation leeward area vortex small angle of attack linear range. Frequency domain is a dynamic non-scheduled periodic invariant system to get moving derivative calculation method, but the accuracy of the unsteady flow is much lower than the time-domain calculations. Currently, unsteady CFD approach represents a time-domain nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics predicted the most advanced level. Derivative prediction efficiency and adaptability under conditions of high angle of attack of the development trend of nonlinear dynamic derivatives were analyzed. As a global trend, obtaining dynamic parameters through numerical calculation is becoming a prevailing approach to dynamic parameter research.

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Tarasov, Vasily E., and Elias C. Aifantis. "Toward fractional gradient elasticity." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 23, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2014-0006.

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AbstractThe use of an extension of gradient elasticity through the inclusion of spatial derivatives of fractional order to describe the power law type of non-locality is discussed. Two phenomenological possibilities are explored. The first is based on the Caputo fractional derivatives in one dimension. The second involves the Riesz fractional derivative in three dimensions. Explicit solutions of the corresponding fractional differential equations are obtained in both cases. In the first case, stress equilibrium in a Caputo elastic bar requires the existence of a nonzero internal body force to equilibrate it. In the second case, in a Riesz-type gradient elastic continuum under the action of a point load, the displacement may or may not be singular depending on the order of the fractional derivative assumed.

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Hishmat, O. H., S. S. Mabrouk, A. M. M. Nasef, N. M. A. Shayeb, and S. A. Ismail. "Derivatives of Khellinonequinone and their Aflatoxigenic Activity." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-0318.

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Nitration of khellinone leads to the formation of a small amount of 3-nitrokhellinone and 5-acetyl-6-hydroxybenzofuran-4.7-dione (khellinonequinone) as a main product. The latter compound reacts with primary amines to give the corresponding imino compounds. Reaction of khellinone with o-phenylenediamine involves condensation followed by cyclisation. While on the other hand treating with phenyl hydrazines gives the phenyl hydrazone. The pyrazolobenzofuran derivative was obtained by the action of hydrazine hydrate on khellinonequinone. Finally the reaction with malononitrile leads to the formation of the ylidene derivative. Two quinone derivatives showed a weak effect on mycelial growth and aflatoxin formation.

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32

LI, TIANJUN, YAN LIU, and DAN XIE. "MULTIPLE D2-BRANE ACTION FROM M2-BRANES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 16n17 (July 10, 2009): 3039–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09044590.

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We study the detailed derivation of the multiple D2-brane effective action from multiple M2-branes in the Bagger–Lambert–Gustavsson (BLG) theory and the Aharony–Bergman–Jafferis–Maldacena (ABJM) theory by employing the novel Higgs mechanism. We show explicitly that the high-order F3 and F4 terms are commutator terms, and conjecture that all the high-order terms are commutator terms. Because the commutator terms can be treated as the covariant derivative terms, these high-order terms do not contribute to the multiple D2-brane effective action. Inspired by the derivation of a single D2-brane from a M2-brane, we consider the curved M2-branes and introduce an auxiliary field. Integrating out the auxiliary field, we indeed obtain the correct high-order F4 terms in the D2-brane effective action from the BLG theory and the ABJM theory with SU(2) × SU(2) gauge symmetry, but we cannot obtain the correct high-order F4 terms from the ABJM theory with U(N) × U(N) and SU(N) × SU(N) gauge symmetries for N > 2. We also briefly comment on the (gauged) BF membrane theory.

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33

Rudell, David, James Mattheis, and John Fellman. "Diphenylamine and Diphenylamine Derivative Content of `Granny Smith' Peel: Influence of Ethylene Action and Regular or Controlled Atmosphere Storage Duration." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1144B—1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1144b.

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Diphenylamine (DPA) is used for superficial scald control in apple fruit. A number of DPA derivatives resulting from C-nitration, C-hydroxylation, O-methylation, and N-nitrosation can be present in DPA-treated apple fruit after storage. The presence of the compounds may be indicative of metabolic processes that lead to scald development. Therefore, apple peel DPA and DPA derivative content in fruit treated at harvest with DPA or DPA plus 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was assayed upon removal of fruit from controlled atmosphere (CA) and regular atmosphere (RA) storage and during a 14-d post-storage ripening period. Apples were also treated at harvest with different concentrations of DPA and assayed after 6 months CA storage to confirm recovery of DPA and DPA derivatives is linear over a wide concentration range. Harvest maturity notably affected peel DPA and 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (4OHDPA) content. Post-storage ripening, 1-MCP treatment, and CA storage had varied affects on DPA derivative content, suggesting reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, such as •OH, •NO, and •NO2, or enzyme catalyzed reactions may be generated during ripening and senescence related physiological processes. Consistent correlations between scald incidence and content of specific derivatives were not observed.

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34

Sultan, Mohammed Ibrahim, Ahmed M. Abdula, Rana I. Faeq, and Mahdi F. Radi. "New Pyrazoline Derivatives Containing Imine Moiety: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 32, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v32i3.955.

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A new series of pyrazoline derivatives (3-10) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and Mass techniques. 1-(4-Aminophenyl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (1) as a starting material was prepared by the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in ethanol, using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Pyrazoline derivatives 2 was obtained via the cyclization reaction of compound 1 by the action of hydrazine hydrate 80% in ethanol. The target derivatives (3-8) were obtained by the reaction of pyrazoline derivative (2) with the corresponding aldehyde in ethanol. The novel pyrazoline derivatives 9 and 10 were synthesized by the reaction of pyrazoline derivative 2 with the corresponding anhydride (maleic or phthalic anhydride) in presence of anhydrous sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid. The synthesized derivatives were screened against several bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus espidermididis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Candida albicans. The synthesized compounds showed promising bio-activity compared with amoxicillin.

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35

Kim, Yon Mi. "Class Action and Dispute over Derivative-Linked Securities." Korea Financial Law Association 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 271–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.15692/kjfl.16.3.9.

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Kim, Jae-Hyeong, and Hyeong-Ho Kim. "On the recognition range of multiple derivative action." Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University 24, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 365–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18189/isicu.2017.24.1.365.

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37

SAFAEVA, N. R. "DERIVATIVE ACTION ON CORPORATE DISPUTES. FEATURES OF PROOF." Herald of Civil Procedure 9, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2019-9-1-369-381.

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38

Massó, Eduard, and Francesc Rota. "Summing the derivative expansion of the effective action." Nuclear Physics B 620, no. 3 (January 2002): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(01)00537-5.

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39

Moss, Ian G. "Derivative expansions of the non-equilibrium effective action." Nuclear Physics B 631, no. 3 (June 2002): 500–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(02)00148-7.

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40

Kim, ChungKu. "Derivative expansion of the one-loop effective action." Physical Review D 51, no. 8 (April 15, 1995): 4415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.51.4415.

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41

Łącka, Izabela, Marek T. Konieczny, Anita Bułakowska, Tomasz Rzymowski, and Sławomir Milewski. "Antifungal action of the oxathiolone-fused chalcone derivative." Mycoses 54, no. 5 (July 18, 2010): e407-e414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.01936.x.

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42

Sergeeva, Vasilina, Olga Kraevaya, Elizaveta Ershova, Larisa Kameneva, Elena Malinovskaya, Olga Dolgikh, Marina Konkova, et al. "Antioxidant Properties of Fullerene Derivatives Depend on Their Chemical Structure: A Study of Two Fullerene Derivatives on HELFs." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (January 17, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4398695.

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Oxidative stress is a major issue in a wide number of pathologies (neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, immune diseases, and cancer). Because of this, the search for new antioxidants is an important issue. One of the potential antioxidants that has been enthusiastically discussed in the past twenty years is fullerene and its derivatives. Although in aqueous solutions fullerene derivatives have shown to be antioxidants, their properties in this regard within the cells are controversially discussed. We have studied two different water-soluble fullerene C60 and C70 derivatives on human embryonic lung fibroblasts at a wide range of concentrations. Both of them cause a decrease in cellular ROS at short times of incubation (1 hour). Their prolonged action, however, is fundamentally different: derivative GI-761 causes secondary oxidative stress whereas derivative VI-419-P3K keeps ROS levels under control values. To gain a better understanding of this effect, we assessed factors that could play a role in the response of cells to fullerene derivatives. Increased ROS production occurred due to NOX4 upregulation by GI-761. Derivative VI-419-P3K activated the transcription of antioxidant master regulator NRF2 and caused its translocation to the nucleus. This data suggests that the antioxidant effect of fullerene derivatives depends on their chemical structure.

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43

Mironov, S., and V. Volkova. "Properties of perturbations in beyond Horndeski theories." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 27 (September 27, 2018): 1850155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18501555.

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We study whether the approach of Deffayet et al. (DPSV) can be adopted for obtaining a derivative part of quadratic action for scalar perturbations in beyond Horndeski theories about homogeneous and isotropic backgrounds. We find that even though the method does remove the second and higher derivatives of metric perturbations from the linearized Galileon equation, in the same manner as in the general Horndeski theory, it gives incorrect result for the quadratic action. We analyze the reasons behind this property and suggest the way of modifying the approach, so that it gives valid results.

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44

Jovanovic-Santa, Suzana, Vjera Pejanovic, and Julijana Petrovic. "A novel route to 3-hydroxy-16,17-seco-estrone derivatives." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 64, no. 5-6 (1999): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc9906391j.

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Starting from 3-benzyloxy-17-hydroxy-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile (1b), 17-tosylate 2b and also 17-chloro-, 17-bromo- and 17-iodo-derivatives 4b, 5b, and 6b, were obtained. The fluoro-derivative 3b was obtained from2b in the reaction with tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride. The deprotection of the 3-hydroxyl group was achieved by action of hydrogen in presence of Pd/C as a catalyst, yielding six new 3-hydroxy-16,17-seco-estrone derivatives.

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45

Yahya, Mohamed Hameed Salem, Nikolay Kurganov, Ekaterina Blinova, Elena Semeleva, Arkadiy Lebedev, Dmirty Blinov, and Andrei Novikov. "On mechanism of antiarrhythmic action of some dimethylphenylacetamide derivatives." Research Results in Pharmacology 4, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.4.25112.

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Abbreviations: AC – acetylcholyne; AF – atrial fibrillation; AP – action potential; BLM – bi-lipid membrane; DPA – Dimethylphenylacetamide; VA – ventricular arrhythmia Introduction: The study aim was to identify essential elements of the antiarrhythmic action mechanism of tertiary and quaternary derivatives of Dimethylphenylacetamide. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in albino rats and mice of both sexes; isolated neurons of mollusc Limneastagnalis; and strips of rats’ right ventricle myocardium. Two compounds of Dimethylphenylacetamide LKhT-3-00 and LKhT-12-02 were studied. The cholynolytic property of the compounds was investigated by using a Schallek method in the authors’ modification. The adrenotropic activity of the derivatives was explored by Moore and Spear (1984), as well a by the method of catecholamine level detection in heart tissue. The permeability of derivatives through BLM was evaluated experimentally and theoretically. The derivatives’ influence on Na+-current was studied directly and indirectly. Results and Discussion: Neither tertiary nor quaternary derivatives possess the cholynolytic property. LKhT-3-00 prevented an increase in the adrenaline concentration in the left ventricle myocardium. The compounds prevent catecholamine arrhythmia and conductivity disorders. LKhT-3-00 like Lidocaine passes through the BLM of the cardiac cell in an ionised form, whereas the quaternary derivative permeates cardiac cell membrane in an electro-neutral form. Lidocaine derivatives restrain acute ischemia-induced oxidative process growth in the cardiac muscle. Simultaneously, the LKhT-3-00 compound can activate antioxidant mechanisms and prevent acidosis and optimise the balance between [O2] and [CO2] concentrations in coronary dark blood. At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, although the derivatives reduce the amplitude of the leading edge of AP and its rate of increase, they do not, however, affect the duration of AP. Conclusions: The compounds possess the Na+-blocking and cell-protecting properties. They do not affect K+-current through Kv4.3-channels.

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SAWADO, NOBUYUKI, NORIKO SHIIKI, and SHINGO TANAKA. "HOPF SOLITON SOLUTIONS FROM LOW ENERGY EFFECTIVE ACTION OF SU(2) YANG–MILLS THEORY." Modern Physics Letters A 21, no. 15 (May 20, 2006): 1189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306020627.

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The Skyrme–Faddeev–Niemi (SFN) model which is an O(3) σ-model in three-dimensional space up to fourth-order in the first derivative is regarded as a low-energy effective theory of SU(2) Yang–Mills theory. One can show from the Wilsonian renormalization group argument that the effective action of Yang–Mills theory recovers the SFN in the infrared region. However, the theory contains another fourth-order term which destabilizes soliton solutions. We find the stable soliton solutions in this extended action, introducing a second derivative term as a stabilizer. A perturbative technique for the second derivative term is applied to exclude (or reduce) the ill behavior of the action. A new topological energy bound formula is inferred for the action.

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47

Swelam, Samira, Abd El-Salam, and Magdi Zaki. "Synthesis of some pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines and their fused triazole and tetrazole derivatives." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 64, no. 11 (1999): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc9911655s.

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Reaction of 2 with different reagents, namely formic acid, acetic anhydride and trichloroacetonitrile, yielded pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 3, 5 and 6, respectively. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine m-thiazine(7) and 2,4-(1H,3H)dithione (8) derivatives were formed by the action of carbon disulfide on 2, depending on the reaction medium. Interaction of 7 with hydrazine hydrate yielded the aminoimino derivative 9 which reacted with acetic anhydride, triethyl orthoacetate and/or appropriate aldehydes to give 11, 12 and 13a,b, respectively. Methylation of compound 8 gave 14, which reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford the monohydrazino derivative 15. Reaction of 15, with formic acid and nitrous acid afforded pyrazolo[4,3-e]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (16) and pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo-[1,5-c]pyrimidine (17) derivatives, respectively. The structures of products 3-17 were identified in light of their elemental analyses and spectra data.

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48

Shalai, Ya R., M. V. Popovych, S. M. Mandzynets, V. P. Hreniukh, N. S. Finiuk, and A. M. Babsky. "Prooxidant and antioxidant processes in lymphoma cells under the action of pyrazolopyrimidine derivative." Studia Biologica 14, no. 4 (December 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1404.635.

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Background. The influence in vitro of thiazole derivative 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoromethyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (PP2) on the level of lipid peroxidation products, superoxide anion radical and antioxidant system activity in lymphoma cells was studied. A pronounced cytotoxic action of the thiazole derivative on the tumor cells in vitro was reported earlier, however, no cytotoxicity of this substance was detected toward non-cancerous cells. In addition, it was shown that the scavengers of active forms of Oxygen significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of the studied compound. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoromethyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one on the content of lipid peroxidation products, superoxide radical and the activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense in the lymphoma cells. Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Ascites tumor cells were passaged by the intreperitoneal inoculation to mice. Abdominal drainage with ascites was performed with a sterile syringe under ether anesthesia. PP2 was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. The product content and enzymatic activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Statistical analysis of obtained results was carried out using MS Excel-2013 program. Results. The influence of the pyrazolopyrimidine derivative on the content of lipid peroxidation products and superoxide radical in lymphoma cells was investigated. It was found that the studied compound did not change the amount of the primary lipid peroxidation products, but reduced the amount of secondary products. A decrease in the MDA content under the action of the studied derivative indicates probable interaction of the substance with the reactive Oxygen species. Pyrazolopyrimidine derivative did not change the level of the superoxide radical. The effect of the thiazole derivative on the activity of key enzymes of the antioxidant system in lymphoma cells was investigated. The studied compound at the concentration of 10 µM activated superoxide dismutase. Pyrazolopyrimidine derivative decreased the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Such changes in the activity of enzymes can cause the growth of hydrogen peroxide in the cell, which is toxic in large quantities. Conclusions. The obtained results may indicate that the studied pyrazolopyrimidine derivative can realize its cytotoxic effect on lymphoma cells though the action on the products of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system activity. These data can be used to understand the mechanism of action of the studied compounds and for further improvement of their antitumor effect. Keywords: lymphoma, pyrazolopyrimidine derivative, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system, antitumor drugs

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Drapaca, Corina S. "The Impact of Anomalous Diffusion on Action Potentials in Myelinated Neurons." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5010004.

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Action potentials in myelinated neurons happen only at specialized locations of the axons known as the nodes of Ranvier. The shapes, timings, and propagation speeds of these action potentials are controlled by biochemical interactions among neurons, glial cells, and the extracellular space. The complexity of brain structure and processes suggests that anomalous diffusion could affect the propagation of action potentials. In this paper, a spatio-temporal fractional cable equation for action potentials propagation in myelinated neurons is proposed. The impact of the ionic anomalous diffusion on the distribution of the membrane potential is investigated using numerical simulations. The results show spatially narrower action potentials at the nodes of Ranvier when using spatial derivatives of the fractional order only and delayed or lack of action potentials when adding a temporal derivative of the fractional order. These findings could reveal the pathological patterns of brain diseases such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease, which have become more prevalent in the latest years.

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50

Unde, Pradip J., Kiran D. Dhawale, Satish G. Parte, and Limbraj R. Patil. "Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Novel Pyrimidine Derivative and Screening for their Biological Activity." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2020.ajomc-p292.

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A substituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from chalcone of 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl thiophene with corresponding active aldehyde in microwave oven. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by TLC, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral analysis. Pyrimidine derivative were screened for their antibacterial activity in vitro by the disk diffusion assay against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria and then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried with the reference of standard drugs amoxicillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. The pyrimidine derivatives shows better inhibiting action against both types of bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) compared to amoxicillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin standard drugs.

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