Relevant bibliographies by topics / Depth buffers

Academic literature on the topic 'Depth buffers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Depth buffers"

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Han, Songfang, Ge Chen, Diego Nehab, and Pedro V. Sander. "In-Depth Buffers." Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 1, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3203194.

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Li, Cunlu, Dezun Dong, Shazhou Yang, Xiangke Liao, Guangyu Sun, and Yongheng Liu. "CIB-HIER." ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3468062.

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Hierarchical organization is widely used in high-radix routers to enable efficient scaling to higher switch port count. A general-purpose hierarchical router must be symmetrically designed with the same input buffer depth, resulting in a large amount of unused input buffers due to the different link lengths. Sharing input buffers between different input ports can improve buffer utilization, but the implementation overhead also increases with the number of shared ports. Previous work allowed input buffers to be shared among all router ports, which maximizes the buffer utilization but also introduces higher implementation complexity. Moreover, such design can impair performance when faced with long packets, due to the head-of-line blocking in intermediate buffers. In this work, we explain that sharing unused buffers between a subset of router ports is a more efficient design. Based on this observation, we propose Centralized Input Buffer Design in Hierarchical High-radix Routers (CIB-HIER), a novel centralized input buffer design for hierarchical high-radix routers. CIB-HIER integrates multiple input ports onto a single tile and organizes all unused input buffers in the tile as a centralized input buffer. CIB-HIER only allows the centralized input buffer to be shared between ports on the same tile, without introducing additional intermediate virtual channels or global scheduling circuits. Going beyond the basic design of CIB-HIER, the centralized input buffer can be used to relieve the head-of-line blocking caused by shallow intermediate buffers, by stashing long packets in the centralized input buffer. Experimental results show that CIB-HIER is highly effective and can significantly increase the throughput of high-radix routers.
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Décoret, Xavier. "N-Buffers for efficient depth map query." Computer Graphics Forum 24, no. 3 (September 2005): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2005.00864.x.

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Tadamura, Katsumi, Xueying Qin, Guofang Jiao, and Eihachiro Nakamae. "Rendering optimal solar shadows with plural sunlight depth buffers." Visual Computer 17, no. 2 (March 2001): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00013400.

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Ortiz, José I., Eugenio Pellicer, and Keith R. Molenaar. "Determining Contingencies in the Management of Construction Projects." Project Management Journal 50, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756972819827389.

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This research describes the managerial approaches that contractors follow to determine different types of contingencies in construction project management. Two large Spanish general contractors were selected for an in-depth analysis. Interviews and surveys were conducted with six additional companies to explore the external validity of the findings. Managers constrain time and cost buffers through project objectives, applying heuristics to determine inventory buffers. The management of capacity buffers is entrusted to subcontractors. The contractors take advantage of scope and quality buffers to meet project objectives but rarely share these buffers with the owner, unless the owner is an internal client.
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Miller, J. J., T. Curtis, D. S. Chanasyk, S. Reedyk, and W. D. Willms. "Effectiveness of soil in vegetated buffers to retain nutrients and sediment transported by concentrated runoff through deep gullies." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2015-0038.

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Little research has evaluated naturally vegetated buffers to retain pollutants in soil from concentrated runoff through deep (2–14 m) gullies. Soil enrichment in the flow path of 11 naturally vegetated gullies in southern Alberta, Canada, was used as a long-term signature of filtering during concentrated flow. Soil was sampled at three depth intervals (0–2.5, 2.5–5, and 5–10 cm) along two 50-m transects inside and outside the flow path of the vegetated gullies in each of 3 yr (2011–2013). The influence of soil type, flow path (inside vs. outside), distance into vegetated flow path, depth, and their interactions on enrichment of nutrients (NH4–N, NO3–N, soil test P (STP), total P) and particle size fractions (clay, silt, and sand) was determined. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater enrichment of nutrients and specific particle size fractions inside than outside the flow path of the vegetated gully suggested that greater deposition occurred inside the concentrated flow path. In contrast, there was little evidence for enrichment of nutrients and sediment at the front or inlet of the buffer (except STP), or for infiltration of more soluble nutrients into the subsoil. Soil enrichment in buffers may reveal long-term filtering processes that may not be shown with short-term runoff experiments.
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Chandler, Joseph W., Heather E. Preisendanz, Tamie L. Veith, Kyle R. Elkin, Herschel A. Elliott, John E. Watson, and Peter J. A. Kleinman. "Role of Concentrated Flow Pathways on the Movement of Pesticides through Agricultural Fields and Riparian Buffer Zones." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 975–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14221.

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HighlightsLand management and hydrologic connectivity cause concentrated flow pathways (CFPs) to serve various functions.Pesticide concentrations diminished along flow pathways from row-cropped fields through functional riparian zones.CFPs facilitated pesticide transport into pasture/hay fields from upgradient corn fields.Subsurface transport was likely a more important transport pathway relative to surface runoff for imidacloprid.Abstract. Riparian buffers, which are an important component of watershed management strategies, can effectively mitigate nutrients and pesticides in agricultural runoff. However, concentrated flow pathways (CFPs) can undermine the performance of buffers by allowing contaminant-laden runoff to bypass the mitigation potential offered by the buffer soils and vegetation. To determine the extent to which CFPs increase pesticide transport from agricultural fields to nearby streams, soil samples (0-2 cm depth) were collected along both CFPs and overland flow (OLF) pathways from the field to the stream for nine fields in a Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site in the ridge and valley physiographic region of Pennsylvania. Soil samples were analyzed for atrazine, metolachlor, and imidacloprid, with two dominant patterns emerging. In corn fields, pesticide concentrations were higher in OLF than CFP samples, suggesting that pesticides were mitigated during transport through each corn field. In contrast, hay and pasture fields, which had not been treated with any of the three pesticides of interest, had lower pesticide concentrations in the OLF samples than the CFP samples. Because the CFPs from these fields originated in upgradient unsampled corn fields, these results suggest that the CFPs were a conduit for pesticides applied in the corn fields and were simply flowing through the hay and pasture fields. Similarly, CFPs in riparian buffers and grass pathways located between the row-cropped fields and the stream tended to have lower concentrations than the upland field (OLF-F) but higher concentrations than the buffer OLF, suggesting a potential for increasing overland flow effectiveness in riparian zones by interrupting CFPs leading to the stream. This study highlights the importance of the land management factors and hydrologic connectivity that cause CFPs to serve different functions (mitigation or enhancement) as runoff is conveyed from agricultural fields to a riparian buffer, and ultimately to an adjacent stream. Further, the results highlight the need for design and maintenance solutions addressing the erosion and sediment control issues that commonly undermine agricultural buffer effectiveness. Keywords: Buffers, Concentrated flow, Contaminant fate and transport, Hydrology, Land management, Pesticides, Overland flow, Water quality.
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Hazlett, P., K. Broad, A. Gordon, P. Sibley, J. Buttle, and D. Larmer. "The importance of catchment slope to soil water N and C concentrations in riparian zones: implications for riparian buffer width." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 1 (January 2008): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-146.

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Buffer zones are an important component of forest-management strategies and are thought to reduce the impact of nutrients released after harvesting on water quality. Conceptually, steep slopes have shorter water residence times than shallow slopes, have a reduced capacity to moderate water quality, and therefore, require wider buffers. Carbon and N concentrations in riparian zone shallow soil water at 30 cm depth and lake water were measured on shallow and steep slopes at the Esker Lakes Research Area in northeastern Ontario to determine if nutrient concentrations were correlated to catchment terrain attributes. Field measured slope, slope class obtained from a triangular irregular network model, and upslope contributing area and topographic index calculated from a digital elevation model were calculated for each sampling location. Modeled terrain properties, including those currently used during forest-management planning, were not significantly correlated with soil water N and C concentrations, whereas only dissolved organic carbon levels were significantly greater on field measured steep slopes. Forest species composition and soil N levels were positively correlated with soil water N concentrations. These results from the undisturbed boreal ecosystem highlight the potential limitation of using only catchment slope as a tool for prescribing riparian buffers during harvesting when considering terrestrial nutrient export.
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Ward, P. R., S. F. Micin, and F. X. Dunin. "Using soil, climate, and agronomy to predict soil water use by lucerne compared with soil water use by annual crops or pastures." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04132.

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The incorporation of perennials in general, and lucerne in particular, into farming systems of southern Australia has been proposed as a possible means to slow or stop the spread of dryland salinity. In order to be effective, lucerne roots must remove substantially more water from the soil than roots produced by annual crops and pastures. The term ‘buffer’ is used here to denote the extra water storage created by lucerne in addition to that normally created by an annual crop or pasture. In trials across southern Australia, lucerne has proved variable in its ability to create a buffer. In this research, we established 3 new trials, and collated results from current and published trials across Australia, to determine the effect of various edaphic (soil pH, texture, depth, and density for A and B horizons), climatic (average and actual seasonal rainfall), and agronomic (lucerne age, plant density, dry matter production, and rooting depth) factors on buffer size created by lucerne. Data from 26 trials were analysed, representing 84 site × year comparisons. The mean lucerne buffer for all comparisons was 91 mm, and increased with lucerne age. Buffers were generally greater for heavier-textured soils, but standard deviations of the means were large. Within a broad soil type, regression equations were developed to predict buffer size from climatic, edaphic, and agronomic factors, with r2 values ranging between 0.96 and 0.84, and standard errors ranging between 40 and 44 mm. For all soil types, average summer rainfall (but not actual summer rainfall) was a significant component of the regression, suggesting that management of the lucerne stand, in terms of maintaining leaf area during summer, may have an important role in buffer development.
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Alhothali, Marwa M., Rob A. M. Exterkate, Maxim D. Lagerweij, A. J. P. van Strijp, Mark J. Buijs, and Cor van Loveren. "The Effect of Various Fluoride Products on Dentine Lesions during pH-Cycling." Caries Research 56, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000521453.

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This study compared the effect of topically applied fluoride products on dentine lesions in an in vitro experiment. Demineralized bovine dentine specimens were treated once with either SDF solution (35,400 ppm F), NaF varnish (22,600 ppm F), TiF<sub>4</sub> solution (9,200 ppm F), SnF<sub>2</sub> gel (1,000 ppm F), no treatment (control), or preserved as baseline lesions. After the application and subsequent removal of the fluoride products, the specimens were subjected to pH-cycling. Calcium loss and uptake in the de- and remineralization buffers were assessed daily. Fluoride release into the buffers was analyzed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 13. After the pH-cycling period, mineral distribution throughout the lesion depth was analyzed using transversal microradiography (TMR). X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) examined the deposition of silver, titanium, and tin after application of SDF, TiF<sub>4</sub>, and SnF<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Overall, calcium loss and uptake analysis in the de- and remineralization buffers revealed that the SDF product was the most effective in inhibiting lesion progression, followed by the TiF<sub>4</sub>, NaF, and SnF<sub>2</sub> products. Fluoride analysis disclosed a steep reduction of the amount of fluoride released into de- and remineralization buffers with time. The fluoride effects on de- and remineralization continued beyond the days that fluoride was released into the buffers. TMR analysis showed significant remineralization in the outer zone of the dentine lesions for all fluoride products, with SDF giving hypermineralization in this zone. In the inner zone, lesions developed in all fluoride groups, with the smallest in the SDF group. EDS showed silver and titanium deposition in depth up to 85 μm and 8 μm, respectively, while no tin deposition was observed. The silver in the dentine lesions did not contribute significantly to the density of the TMR profiles in the SDF group. In conclusion, all topical fluoride products protected the dentine lesions against lesion progression, but at different degrees. SDF showed a superior effect in protection against further demineralization and enhancement of remineralization. This was probably attributed to its fluoride concentration that was the highest among the fluoride products.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Depth buffers"

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Буковський, Олександр Миколайович. "Графічний редактор для побудови 3D-моделі Voxel." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/34951.

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Кваліфікаційна робота включає пояснювальну записку (54 с., 19 рис., 2 табл., список використаної літератури з 15 найменувань, 3 додатки). Метою дипломного проєкту є розробка простого графічного редактору з використанням 3D моделі Voxel, який дозволяє дослідити можливості використання даної технології на сучасних персональних комп’ютерах. Розроблений графічний редактор дозволяє: створювати воксельну модель з існуючої моделі іншого типу; візуалізувати створені воксельні моделі; виконувати перетворення воксельних моделей з використанням буферів глибини. В процесі розробки були використані власні реалізації технології Voxel, розрідженого воксельного дерева та стандарт графічних адаптерів OpenGL 3.3. В ході розробки: - реалізовано об’єкт Voxel, що інкапсулює нюанси реалізації технології в умовах відсутності апаратної підтримки; - реалізовано розріджене воксельне дерево, що використовується для представлення об’єкту типу Voxel; - реалізовані алгоритми побудови, візуалізації та редагування воксельних об’єктів; - реалізовано простий графічний редактор з підтримкою розроблених алгоритмів. Результати дипломного проєкту можуть бути використані для оцінки можливостей воксельної технології та доцільності її використання.
Qualification work includes an explanatory note (54 p., 19 figs., 2 tables., list of references with 15 items, 3 appendices). The purpose of the thesis project is to develop a simple graphic editor using the 3D model Voxel, to explore the possibility of using technology on modern PCs. Developed graphic editor allows you to: create a voxel model from an existing model of another type; visualize the created voxel models; perform voxel model transformations using depth buffers. In the development process, we used our own implementations of Voxel technology, sparse voxel octree and the OpenGL 3.3 graphics adapter standard. During development: - implemented Voxel object, which encapsulates the nuances of technology implementation in the absence of hardware support. - sparse voxel octree used to represent a Voxel object is implemented. - implemented algorithms for building, visualizing and editing voxel objects. - implemented a simple graphical editor with support for developed algorithms. The results of the thesis project can be used to assess the capabilities of voxel technology and the feasibility of its use
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Liu, Yang. "Simulating depth of field using per-pixel linked list buffer." Thesis, Purdue University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1598036.

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In this thesis, I present a method for simulating three characteristics of depth of field image: partial occlusion, bokeh and blur. Retrieving color from occluded surfaces is achieved by constructing a per-pixel linked list buffer, which only requires two render passes. Additionally, per-pixel linked list buffer eliminates the memory overhead of empty pixels in depth layers. Bokeh and blur effect are accomplished by image-space point splatting (Lee 2008). I demonstrate how point splatting can be used to account for the effect of aperture shape and intensity distribution on bokeh. Spherical aberration and chromatic aberration can be approximated using a custom pre-built sprite. Together as a package, this method is capable matching the realism of multi-perspective methods and layered methods.

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Cox, Cathy R. Arndt Jamie. "How sweet it is to be love [sic] by you toward an understanding of why close relationships buffer existential fear /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6767.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 11, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Jamie Arndt. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Diedrich, Juliane Dorothea [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Wiechert, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Jupke. "Quantitative modeling and in-depth analysis of multi-state binding and buffer equilibria in chromatography / Juliane Dorothea Diedrich ; Wolfgang Wiechert, Andreas Jupke." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1216175780/34.

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Courtney, Emily Pauline. "The Impact of Traumatic Symptomology and Social Support on the Effective Management of Death Anxiety." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu152820655318897.

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Topolovas, Sergejus. "Grafiniu procesoriumi grįstas uždengtos geometrijos atrinkimo algoritmas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110831_114742-41615.

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Uždengtos geometrijos atrinkimas – tai būdas nustatyti geometriją, kuri yra uždengta su kita geometrija ir dėl to gali būti nevaizduojama, nes neturės jokios įtakos vaizduojamam paveikslui. Tokios geometrijos nevaizdavimas didina vaizdavimo procedūros našumą. Egzistuoja eilė uždengtos geometrijos nustatymo būdų, iš kurių vienas yra hierarchinis uždengtos geometrijos atrinkimo algoritmas. Šiame darbe yra analizuojami uždengtos geometrijos nustatymo būdai bei nagrinėjamos pasirinkto algoritmo veikimo spartinimo galimybės panaudojus DirectCompute technologiją. Ši technologija yra Microsoft DirectX 11 bibliotekų rinkinio dalis, kuri leidžia panaudoti grafinį procesorių bendro pobūdžio skaičiavimams. Darbe iškeltų tikslų pasiekimui yra realizuotos kelios bazinės algoritmo versijos modifikacijos, atliekami modifikuotų versijų veikimo laiko bei įvairių veikimo laiką įtakojančių faktorių tyrimai. Yra aptariami gauti rezultatai bei pateikiamos išvados.
Occlusion culling is a method, which task is to determine geometry occluded with other geometry. Rendering this geometry is useless because it wouldn’t impact rendered picture in any way, so discarding it will improve render time. There are various methods to determine occluded geometry and hierarchical occlusion culling is one of them. This document contains a short summary of these methods, but it’s mainly focused on improving hierarchical occlusion culling algorithm performance by making use of DirectCompute technology. This technology is a part of Microsoft DirectX 11 API, which helps the developer to use graphics processor for general-purpose computation. Main goal is reached by performing in-depth analysis of implemented hierarchical occlusion culling algorithm modifications. This analysis consists of both general performance and various performance-related analyses. Further down the road conclusions and recommendations are given based on performed work and overall results.
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Schuler, Eric Robert. "When the Levee Breaks: An SEM Approach to Understanding the Narrative and the Anxiety-Buffer Disruption on PTSD Symptoms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984252/.

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The purpose of the present study was to assess if combining the two frameworks would account for more variance in PTSS than could be accounted for using the frameworks separately. An online community sample from Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk (N = 437), who reported experiencing a prior traumatic event, completed measures that reflected the constructs of narrative centrality, negative affectivity, and death concerns, along with a measure of PTSS. PTSS was regressed on the latent variables of death concerns, narrative centrality, and negative affectivity, along with the latent variable interactions between narrative centrality*death concerns and narrative centrality*negative affectivity. Death concerns was not be predictive of PTSS, whereas narrative centrality and negative affectivity were found to uniquely and interactively account for 77% of the variance in PTSS. Death concerns was found to be a separate construct from negative affectivity. The implications of these findings for the two frameworks are discussed along with future directions. By considering aspects of narrative centrality and negative affectivity, substantial portions of PTSS can be accounted for.
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Vang-Corne, Mao H. "Identity and Death Threats: An Investigation of Social Identity and Terror Management Processes in Online News." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1452210610.

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Yu, Lin Nan, and 林男禹. "A Ray Tracing Algorithm Using Depth-Buffer." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17758990659793851301.

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Jung, Tzung-Rung, and 鍾宗融. "Reconfigurable Depth Buffer Compression Design and Implementation for 3D Graphics System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91369823097754817883.

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碩士
國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
97
A less-bandwidth-required reconfigurable depth buffer compression algorithm and the corresponding power-efficient architecture have been developed for 3D graphics system. The proposed algorithm is able to adaptively compress the depth buffer data according to different-scene changes by employing 11 compression modes generated from three compression algorithms including Differential Differential Pulse Code Modulation (2-bit DDPCM), Hasselgren and Akenine-Moller’s (1-bit HA), and 7-bit DDPCM schemes. Furthermore, this reconfigurable algorithm supports one-plane and two-plane type and four kinds of combination cases. For 8x8 tile size with 16-bit depth values under the teapot benchmark, the proposed reconfigurable algorithm can achieve CR of 1.75 on average and improve 13.6% and 31.6% compared with the HA and DDPCM compression methods, respectively. For 8x8 tile size with 16-bit depth values under the Stereoscopic polygons benchmark, the proposed reconfigurable algorithm can achieve CR of 1.74 on average and improve 21.7% and 38.1% compared with the HA and DDPCM compression methods, respectively. The proposed reconfigurable power-efficient depth buffer compression architecture has been verified and implemented in TSMC 0.18-um CMOS process. The core area is of 1.13 mm2. The maximum power consumption of 38.63 mW in uncompression mode, 22.75 mW in one-plane type, 51.76/56.25/71.9 mW in two-plane type, including rising, vertical, and horizontal cases, and 57.63 mW in two-plane type, including falling cases, can be achieved at 100 MHz and with the supply voltage of 1.8V.
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Books on the topic "Depth buffers"

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Fazal, Tanisha M. State death: The politics and geography of conquest, occupation, and annexation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.

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Daly, Mary E. The buffer state: The historical roots of the Department of the Environment. Dublin: Institute of Public Adminstration, 1997.

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The buffer state: The historical roots of the Department of the Environment. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1997.

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Andrew, McMillan. How Ecology regulates wetlands: An introduction to regulatory authority, wetland definitions and delineation, wetland characterization and function assessment, wetland mitigation, buffers and more. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1998.

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Strachan, Eric, Tom Pyszczynski, Jeff Greenberg, and Sheldon Solomon. Coping with the Inevitability of Death. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195130447.003.0006.

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This chapter explores methods of coping with the inevitability of death. It discusses Terror Management Theory, the mortality salience hypothesis and anxiety buffer hypothesis, proximal and distal defenses. The chapter also outlines the mismanagement of terror, which can manifest as anxiety disorders, neuroticism, and excessive fear.
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Fazal, Tanisha M. State Death: The Politics and Geography of Conquest, Occupation, and Annexation. Princeton University Press, 2011.

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State Death: The Politics and Geography of Conquest, Occupation, and Annexation. Princeton University Press, 2007.

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Fazal, Tanisha M. State Death: The Politics and Geography of Conquest, Occupation, and Annexation. Princeton University Press, 2011.

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Nadelhoffer, Thomas, and Jennifer Cole Wright. Humility, Free Will Beliefs, and Existential Angst. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190460723.003.0015.

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In Chapter 15, Thomas Nadelhoffer and Jennifer Cole Wright investigate the relationship between free will beliefs (or the lack thereof) and existential anxiety. In an attempt to shed light on this relationship, they set out to test whether trait humility can serve as a “buffer” between the two—that is, are people who are high in dispositional humility less likely to experience existential anxiety in the face of skepticism about free will? Given the perspectival and attitudinal nature of humility, Nadelhoffer and Wright predict that humble people will be less anxious in the face of stories about the purported death of free will (or the reduction of the mind to the brain). In a series of four studies, they test their hypothesis, with mixed results.,The findings, however, tell us something important about the current use of primes in studies designed to manipulate people’s belief in free will (usually to measure their pro- or antisocial effects).
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Kelly, Phil. Defending Classical Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.279.

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Three successive parts are presented within this article, all intended to raise the visibility and show the utility of classical geopolitics as a deserving and separate international-relations model: (a) a common traditional definition, (b) relevant theories that correspond to that definition, and (c) applications of certain theories that will delve at some depth into three case studies (the Ukrainian shatterbelt, contemporary Turkish geopolitics, and a North American heartland).The placement of states, regions, and resources, as affecting international relations and foreign policies, defines classical geopolitics. This definition emphasizes the application of spatially composed unbiased theories that should bring insight into foreign-affairs events and policies. Specifically, a “model” contains theories that correspond to its description. A “theory” is a simple sentence of probability, with “A” happening to likely affect “B.” Importantly, models are passive; they merely hold theories. In contrast, theories possess their own titles and perform actively when taken from such models.Various methodological challenges are presented: (a) combining concepts with theories, (b) estimating probability for testing theories, (c) claiming the “scientific,” (d) accounting for determinism, (e) revealing a dynamic environment for geopolitics, (f) separating realism from geopolitics, and (g) drawing classical geopolitics away from the critical. Certain theories that are placed within the geopolitical model are examined next: (a) heartlands and rimlands, (b) land and sea power, (c) choke points and maritime lines of communication, (d) offshore balancing, (e) the Monroe doctrine, (f) balances of power, (g) checkerboards, (h) shatterbelts, (i) pan-regions, (j) influence spheres, (k) dependency, (l) buffer states, (m) organic borders, (n) imperial thesis, (o) borders/wars, (p) contagion, (q) irredentism, (r) demography, (s) fluvial laws, (t) petro-politics, and (u) catastrophic events in nature. Additional theories apply elsewhere in the article as well.Of the three case studies, the Ukrainian shatterbelt represents the sole contemporary geopolitical configuration of this type, a regional conflict coupling with a strategic rivalry. Here, partisans of the civil war between the eastern and the western sectors of the country have joined with the Russians against the Europeans and Americans, respectively. Next, Turkey’s pivotal location has afforded it both advantages and disadvantages, a topic discussed at some length earlier in the article. Its “zero-problems” strategy of seeking positive relations with neighbors has now been forced to change tactics, reflective of new forces within and beyond the country. Finally, a North American heartland compares nicely to Halford Mackinder’s earlier Eurasia heartland thesis, with the American perhaps proving more stable, wealthy, and enduring, based in large part on its stronger geopolitical features.
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Book chapters on the topic "Depth buffers"

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Song, Ju-Whan, Ou-Bong Gwun, Seung-Wan Kim, and Yong-Guk Kim. "A Boundary Surface Based Ray Casting Using 6-Depth Buffers." In Computational and Information Science, 1134–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30497-5_174.

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Martínez, Roel, László Szirmay-Kalos, and Mateu Sbert. "A Multiple Depth Buffer Implementation for Radiosity." In Computational Science and Its Applications — ICCSA 2003, 346–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44842-x_36.

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Ahn, Jaewoo, and Sung Je Hong. "Approximating 3D General Sweep Boundary Using Depth-Buffer." In Computational Science and Its Applications — ICCSA 2003, 508–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44842-x_52.

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Rossignac, Jaroslaw R., and Jeffrey Wu. "Correct Shading of Regularized CSG Solids Using a Depth-Interval Buffer." In Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware V, 117–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76777-7_10.

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Soenke, Melissa, Mark J. Landau, and Jeff Greenberg. "Sacred armor: Religion's role as a buffer against the anxieties of life and the fear of death." In APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol 1): Context, theory, and research., 105–22. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14045-005.

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"Depth Buffer Precision." In 3D Engine Design for Virtual Globes, 201–22. A K Peters/CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439865583-9.

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Craik, Fergus I. M. "Final Reflections and Future Trends." In Remembering, 233–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895226.003.0010.

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In this final chapter some big-picture topics are described and discussed. These include the concept of hierarchies in memory theory and an assessment of their validity in the levels-of-processing (LOP) framework (e.g., does the construct of “LOP” connote a continuum of depth or a series of qualitative stages?). A further topic is the hypothesized organization of representations from episodic-specific to abstract-general. Other issues in encoding, retrieval, and their interactions are considered, including some recent findings on the effects of divided attention (DA) at the time of retrieval. Hintzman’s ideas on reminding and recurrence, and also Jacoby’s concept of source-constrained retrieval, are discussed and evaluated. The author’s perspective on working memory is described, including the view that there is no need to invoke discrete stores or memory buffers. Some further issues in cognitive aging are discussed, including a proximal-distal hypothesis of when deficits are found. The similarities and differences between perception and memory are assessed, and the author’s perspective on the concept of memory systems is described and discussed. The final conclusion is that remembering should be viewed as an activity of mind and brain.
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Mitchell, A. Wess. "Teufelfranzosen." In The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire, 194–224. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196442.003.0007.

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This chapter traces the contest with France, from the wars of Louis XIV to the bitter life-or-death struggle with the revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte. More advanced than the Ottomans and bigger than Prussia, France was capable of fielding large modern armies and elaborate alliances to threaten the Erblände from multiple sides. In conflicts with France, Austria was not able to count on the military-technological advantage that it enjoyed against the Turks, or the greater size and resources that gave it an edge against Prussia. Instead, Austria learned over time to contain French power through the defensive use of space, building extensive buffer zones to offset France’s advantages in offensive capabilities. Habsburg strategy on the western frontier evolved through three phases. In wars with the Bourbon kings, successive Habsburg monarchs cultivated the smaller states of the German Reich and northern Italy as clients, committed to sharing the burden of defense through local armies and tutelary fortresses in wartime. Against Napoleon, these buffers collapsed, forcing Austria to use strategies of delay and accommodation similar to those employed against Frederick II to wear down and outlast a stronger military opponent. And in the peace that followed, Austria restored and expanded its traditional western security system, using confederated buffers and frontier fortresses to deter renewed French revisionism.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Kelly M. Burnett, Gordon H. Reeves, Sharon E. Clarke, and Kelly R. Christiansen. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch9.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Multiscale analysis of relationships with landscape characteristics can help identify areas and physical processes that affect stream habitats, and thus suggest where and how land management is likely to influence these habitats. Such analysis is rare for mountainous areas where forestry is the primary land use. Consequently, we examined relationships in a forested, montane basin between stream habitat features and landscape characteristics that were summarized at five spatial scales (three riparian and two catchment scales). Spatial scales varied in the area encompassed upstream and upslope of surveyed stream segments and, presumably, in physical processes. For many landscape characteristics, riparian spatial scales, approximated by fixed-width buffers, could be differentiated from catchment spatial scales using forest cover from 30-m satellite imagery and 30-m digital elevation data. In regression with landscape characteristics, more variation in the mean maximum depth and volume of pools was explained by catchment area than by any other landscape characteristic summarized at any spatial scale. In contrast, at each spatial scale except the catchment, variation in the mean density of large wood in pools was positively related to percent area in older forests and negatively related to percent area in sedimentary rock types. The regression model containing these two variables had the greatest explanatory power at an intermediate spatial scale. Finer spatial scales may have omitted important source areas and processes for wood delivery, but coarser spatial scales likely incorporated source areas and processes less tightly coupled to large wood dynamics in surveyed stream segments. Our findings indicate that multiscale assessments can identify areas and suggest processes most closely linked to stream habitat and, thus, can aid in designing land management to protect and restore stream ecosystems in forested landscapes.
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"Chapter 5. Buffer State Death and Survival Prior to 1945." In State Death, 97–150. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400841448.97.

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Conference papers on the topic "Depth buffers"

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Lapidous, Eugene, Guofang Jiao, Jianbo Zhang, and Timothy Wilson. "Quasi-linear depth buffers with variable resolution." In the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/383507.383530.

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Tadamura, Xueying Qin, Guofang Jiao, and Nakamae. "Rendering optimal solar shadows using plural sunlight depth buffers." In Proceedings Computer Graphics International CGI-99. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cgi.1999.777935.

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Hasselgren, Jon, and Tomas Akenine-Möller. "Efficient depth buffer compression." In the 21st ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1283900.1283917.

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Andersson, Magnus, Jon Hasselgren, and Tomas Akenine-Möller. "Depth buffer compression for stochastic motion blur rasterization." In the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2018323.2018343.

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Lapidous, Eugene, and Guofang Jiao. "Optimal depth buffer for low-cost graphics hardware." In the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/311534.311579.

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Luft, Thomas, Carsten Colditz, and Oliver Deussen. "Image enhancement by unsharp masking the depth buffer." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1179352.1142016.

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Ghidini, Yan, Thais Webber, Edson Moreno, Fernando Grando, Rubem Fagundes, and Cesar Marcon. "Buffer depth and traffic influence on 3D NoCs performance." In 2012 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsp.2012.6380684.

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Jung, Tzung-Rung, Lan-Da Van, Wai-Chi Fang, and Teng-Yao Sheu. "Reconfigurable Depth Buffer Compression Design for 3D Graphics System." In 2008 International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (mue 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mue.2008.64.

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Fu, Songnian, P. Shum, Wong Chye Shin, Wu Chongqing, Yajie Li, and Dong Hui. "The buffer depth extension by incorporating Mach-Zehnder interferometer into SOA-based dual loop optical buffer." In Asia-Pacific Optical Communications, edited by Dominique Chiaroni, Wanyi Gu, Ken-ichi Kitayama, and Chang-Soo Park. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.743510.

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Mao, Xian-cheng, Hao Deng, and Xiao-qin Lu. "Fast and Dynamic Generation of Linear Octree Based on Depth Buffer." In 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cise.2009.5364528.

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