Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Depressive beliefs'
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Rafique, Zounish. "An exploration of the presence and content of metacognitive beliefs about depressive rumination in Pakistani women." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444274.
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Hirsch, Jameson K., Sheri A. Nsamenang, Edward C. Chang, and Nadine J. Kaslow. "Spiritual Well-Being and Depressive Symptoms in Female African American Suicide Attempters: Mediating Effects of Optimism and Pessimism." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036723.
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Spiritual well-being is a well-established predictor of mental health, yet the potential mechanisms of this association are relatively unexplored. We examined the influence of spirituality, including religious and existential well-being, on depressive symptoms, and the potential mediating effect of optimism and pessimism, in a sample of 66 African American female suicide attempters. Participants were recruited from a large, urban hospital and completed the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Life Orientation Test-Revised, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The association between spiritual well-being and depressive symptoms was mediated indirectly through both optimism and pessimism; greater religious and existential well-being was related to more optimism, and less pessimism and, in turn, to fewer depressive symptoms. Historically, spiritual well-being has been important to the African American community, and its beneficial effects on mental health might be explained, in part, by their effect on cognitive-emotional functioning.
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Hansson, Maja. "Depression in primary care detection, treatment, and patients' own perspectives /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Division of Psychiatry, Umeå Universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30516.
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Lippy, Robert D. "Development of the seasonal beliefs questionnaire : a measure of cognitions specific to seasonal affective disorder /." Download the thesis in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Lippy2005.pdf.
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Davies, Stephanie. "Beliefs about the causes of depression." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2016. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2648/.
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This thesis consists of three papers: a literature review, an empirical paper and a reflective account. The literature review was conducted to examine the associations between causal beliefs in depression and preferences for and attitudes towards different interventions. Ten papers were included which all used clinical samples. Papers were critiqued for quality, and findings suggest that belief in the biological model is associated with a preference for and more favourable attitudes towards biological interventions such as medication. The association between causal beliefs and preferences for different psychological interventions is less clear, but findings suggest that people prefer therapeutic modalities that ‘match’ their causal beliefs. The empirical paper investigated predictors of self-stigma and prognostic pessimism in 184 people experiencing depression. It was hypothesised that depression severity, self-efficacy and biological causal beliefs would be significant predictors in a regression analysis. However, only depression severity and self-efficacy predicted self-stigma, and there were no significant predictors found of prognostic pessimism. The data for prognostic pessimism violated normality. Due to this violation and because the sample was mainly White British women, generalisability of findings is limited. The last paper contains the authors reflections on the research process, with research decisions outlined and critiqued, including topic choice, participants, data collection and measure choice. It focuses not only on the difficulties but also the positive aspects of the research process. Reflections are considered in relation to the authors epistemological position, and to the more over-arching issues that arise when conducting research in clinical psychology.
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McIntosh, Emily. "Goal beliefs, daily hassles and rumination in depression." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24948.
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Goal linking is the tendency to link achievement or failure of low level goals (e.g. weight loss) with achievement or failure of higher level goals (e.g. happiness). This study explored whether people with major depression respond to daily hassles with rumination, as a function of their tendency to goal link, as previously observed by McIntosh and Martin (1992, 1995) in students with lower mood. A between subjects design facilitated assessment of goal linking, rumination, daily hassles and life events, using self-report measures in interview, with 22 adults with major depression, compared with samples of 25 adults with other psychological difficulties and 23 adults with no depression history. Participants with major depression reported significantly greater rumination, goal linking and daily hassles than both comparison groups, and greater impact of more major life events, than never depressed controls. Rumination was found to be more strongly related to group differences in major depression than goal linking. Primary findings support some role for goal linking in depressive rumination. However, while participants with major depression responded to daily hassles with rumination, it was not as a function of their tendency to goal link. Results tentatively suggest that linking is a consequence of rumination rather than a cause.
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Sinclair, David Byron. "Chinese causal beliefs and help seeking preferences concerning depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0009/NQ60025.pdf.
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Heyes, Lynne E. "Negative thoughts and metacognitive beliefs in women experiencing postpartum depression and women experiencing depression." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440381.
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Kuyten, Willem. "The beliefs, coping strategies, and early experience of depressed patients." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360200.
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Bulkeley, Barbara Elizabeth. "School Guidance Counsellors and Adolescent Depression: Beliefs, Knowledge and Practice." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5892.
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Adolescent depression is a significant problem in New Zealand. The Youth2000
survey indicated that around 9.0% of male and 18% of female secondary school
students reported feeling depressed. School Guidance Counsellors (SGCs) are ideally
placed to identify, assess and treat these adolescents. However, SGCs are rarely
included in mental health research.
I investigated the beliefs, knowledge and practice of SGCs around adolescent
depression. There were three stages to the research. Stage One used a qualitative
approach, with nine focus groups held in Auckland in 2004. Fifty-two SGCs
participated. I developed a thematic map from the results that emerged. Category One
���Beliefs and Knowledge��� had three themes: causes, negative connotations and
different presentations. Category Two ���Practice��� had five themes: assessment,
referrals, effective therapy, systems and training needs.
Stage Two comprised a questionnaire based on these results. This investigated SGCs���
knowledge of depression, assessment, training and referral decisions. It also requested
demographic data. In 2005, this was sent to 455 SGCs throughout New Zealand. Two
hundred and forty SGCs (53%) responded. Eighty percent did not believe that their
initial training equipped them adequately to work with mild to moderately depressed
adolescents. SGCs wanted further training, especially appropriate strategies. They
requested information based on research and presented by clinicians.
In Stage Three, I developed a training workshop on assessment, referral and treatment
of adolescent depression, tailored to SGCs��� needs. Thirty-nine SGCs attended
workshops in 2006. Evaluations were positive and indicated that this training was
appropriate and useful. SGCs would recommend the workshop to others.
Strengths and weaknesses of the study are discussed and recommendations made
about future developments. There is emphasis on the need for policy to encourage
collaboration between SGCs and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
(CAMHS), education and health, training providers and the New Zealand Association
of Counsellors. As SGCs are placed outside both teaching and health, they need to be
adequately trained and receive regular professional development, supervision and
consultation around depression. CAMHS are well placed to offer training to SGCs
based on identified needs and evidence-based practice.
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Ford, Catherine Elaine Longworth. "The relationship between beliefs about stroke and post-stroke depression." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442541.
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Edwards, Samantha. "Exploring postnatal depression : the role of antenatal beliefs and emotions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410934.
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Richardson, Darlyne. "Understanding Distinctive Beliefs and Perceptions about Depression among Haitian Men." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/163.
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As of 2010, depression was the second most serious disorder among developed nations. Historically, African Americans, Latinos, and people of Caribbean descent have underutilized mental health services and have therefore been underrepresented in such statistics. Investigation into depression among Haitian men, from a Western or a non-Western cultural perspective, has been sparse in the literature. Bandura's social learning theory and Mahalik's biopsychosocial framework provided the theoretical foundation for this investigation. The purpose of this quantitative analysis was to explore the relationship between levels of depression in Haitian men related to restrictive emotionality, self-reliance, subjective masculine stress, spiritual well-being, and length of time in the United States. The data were obtained from demographic questionnaires and surveys to among 90 Haitian men residing in the United States, between the ages of 20 to 40 years old. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results indicated Haitian men who have been in the United States for a longer period of time showed a significant correlation to depression in comparison to their counterparts who have been in the United States for a shorter period of time (r = .22, p< .04). These results promote social change by providing information about depression among Haitian men to health care professionals, clinicians, and researchers who provide services to this grossly underserved population.
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Nieuwsma, Jason A. "Depression beliefs in northern India and the United States a cross-cultural study /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2065700121&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Rubin, Ronnie M. "Children's beliefs about peer relations links to peer rejection, depression, aggression, and the beliefs of parents and teachers /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 110 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342734151&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Williams, Clare Anne. "Belief change in cognitive-behavioural therapy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326777.
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Montgomery, Leigh Ann. "The relationship between the health belief model constructs and medication compliance in the treatment of bipolar disorder." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034938.
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Lynch, Jeannette. "Are patient beliefs important in determining adherence to treatment and outcome for depression: Development and testing of a brief questionnaire to measure beliefs about depression in primary care." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580535.
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Depressive disorders are prevalent and costly but there is a lack of evidence on how best to select treatments for mild to moderate depression in primary care. Illness beliefs have been shown to affect the outcome from physical illness, but there is limited information on the beliefs of patients who are depressed. It is not known whether beliefs influence outcome from depression and whether this is mediated through medication adherence. The Beliefs about Depression questionnaire (BDQ), based on Leventhal common sense model (CSM) of illness beliefs, was developed from existing qualitative and quantitative data. An initial 76 Item questionnaire was tested on 334 primary care patients with diagnosis of depression and principal component analysis was used to reduce the number of items. The shortened questionnaire (sBDQ) was tested for construct and criterion validity by comparison with existing measures. Test- retest reliability was carried out at two weeks and internal consistency of subscales calculated. A six month longitudinal study was carried out on a cohort of primary care patients with a new episode of depression in the previous six months. Baseline measures were completed and 224 (76%) completed follow-up questionnaires at six months. The primary outcome was the change in depression scores measured by the Hospital and Anxiety Scale - depression subscale (HAD-D). Secondary outcomes were measures of anxiety, functioning, use of medication and use of services. These latter two outcomes were measured both by participant self-report and information from the GP computer systems. Results show that beliefs at baseline contributed to the prediction of depression severity at six months measured by HAD-D or PHQ-9. Severity scores at six months were increased by initial severity but decreased in participants who believed that exercise or activity could control their depression (self-efficacy behaviour). Beliefs about medication did not influence outcome of depression but did predict medication usage. The meaning and possible implications of these findings are discussed in relation to existing literature. Faculty of Medicine Primary Care and Population Sciences Doctor of Philosophy Are patient beliefs important in determining adherence to treatment and outcome for depression? Development and testing of a brief questionnaire to measure beliefs about depression in primary care Dr Jeannette Lynch
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Kerr, Eleonore Sian. "Investigation of the relationship between depression, rumination, metacognitive beliefs and cognitive fusion." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5626.
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Background It has been found that both depressed patients and patients who have recovered from depression report more rumination and hold more meta-cognitive beliefs about the benefits of rumination than never-depressed controls. Furthermore, it is suggested that a ruminative cognitive style predicts the onset, length and severity of depressive episodes. Within an ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) perspective on depression, it is suggested that rumination in depression is a verbal reason-giving behaviour used to „solve‟ the problem of depressed mood. However, it is proposed that an individual‟s fusion with these verbal reasons (i.e. cognitive fusion) perpetuates rumination and impedes the adoption of more functional behaviours. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between depression, rumination, cognitive fusion and positive beliefs about rumination. Method A between-groups design was used comparing currently depressed adults (n = 26), recovered depressed adults (n = 21) and never depressed adults (n = 27) on a battery of self-report measures for depressive symptomatology, rumination, positive beliefs about rumination and cognitive fusion. Data were analysed using ANOVAs, post hoc comparisons, and path analysis: an extension of multiple regression. Results Significant differences were found in rumination and cognitive fusion between all three groups, with higher levels of rumination and cognitive fusion found in both the currently depressed and recovered depressed groups compared to never depressed controls. Significant differences in positive beliefs about rumination were found only between the currently depressed group and the never depressed group. Results also indicated that depression severity was best predicted by rumination and cognitive fusion rather than positive beliefs about rumination. Furthermore, the relationships between the variables of cognitive fusion and rumination (β = 0.76, p < .001), and cognitive fusion and depression (β = 0.66, p < .001), were stronger than the relationships between any of the other variables included in this study. Discussion Overall, the findings support the suggestion that cognitive fusion be considered in the conceptualisation of ruminative processes and depression. The results suggest that in individuals who have recovered from depression and are no longer clinically depressed, a difference in cognitive processes such as rumination and cognitive fusion remains. This may indicate that cognitive fusion is not secondary to depression and does appear to be implicated in the ruminative process.
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Campbell, A. "A comparison of patient and non-patient voice hearers: voice characteristics, beliefs about voices, childhood trauma, meta-cognition, beliefs about self and others and beliefs about depression." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577510.
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Clen, Shauna L. "Association of Meta-Cognitive Reactions to Negative Emotions to Anxiety and Depressive Pathology." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1376843031.
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Boissard, Elodie. "Concevoir l'humeur dépressive pour comprendre la dépression : psychiatrie et philosophie des états affectifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H207.
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Dans cette thèse, j’interroge la notion d’« humeur dépressive », en tant que symptôme historiquement central et distinctif de la dépression. Originellement vue comme un trouble affectif, la dépression fait aussi aujourd’hui l’objet de modèles comportementaux ou cognitifs.De plus, comme nous manquons d’une conception consensuelle de ce que sont les troubles psychiatriques, une conception de ce qui rend un épisode dépressif « pathologique » fait défaut, au-delà de ses critères cliniques. La dépression est-elle bien un trouble affectif, un trouble de l’humeur ? Si oui, qu’est-ce qui la différencie d’une humeur dépressive non problématique ? L’objectif est d’améliorer notre compréhension de ce trouble psychiatrique grâce à un apport en philosophie. Je mène un travail d’histoire conceptuelle, et d’analyse conceptuelle en philosophie des états affectifs et philosophie de la psychiatrie, sur la notion d’« humeur dépressive », pour caractériser le versant affectif de l’état dépressif, déterminer la manière dont il s’articule aux autres versants de l’état dépressif, et en quel sens ce dernier peut être « pathologique ». Je retrace une histoire conceptuelle de la caractérisation clinique du versant affectif des états dépressifs dans la psychiatrie française, depuis l’aliénisme jusqu’à la psychiatrie contemporaine, qui montre notamment que ce versant affectif ne se réduit pas à la tristesse. Je formule ensuite une théorie fonctionnaliste de l’humeur dépressive en philosophie des états affectifs, en termes de « croyances dépressives actives », dans laquelle cette humeur se définit comme un état affectif qui a pour effet distinctif sur les états mentaux de recruter et d’amener des croyances dépressives à se manifester. Ce sont des croyances pessimistes,défaitistes et auto-dévalorisantes quant à la possibilité d’atteindre une situation de satisfaction de ses aspirations. Enfin, je défends une théorie cognitive de la dépression en termes de« croyances dépressives auto-réalisatrices ». Ces croyances sont rendues particulièrement préjudiciables par une modulation de leur rôle fonctionnel par une humeur dépressive persistante. Le préjudice consiste dans ce que l’état dépressif global induit conjointement par cette humeur et ces croyances dépressives entraîne une incapacité à mobiliser certaines capacités psychologiques nécessaires pour chercher à satisfaire ses aspirations : je le formule dans les termes d’une incapacité de second-ordre à atteindre un bien-être minimal, adaptant ainsi à la dépression la conception du « pathologique » élaborée par Nordenfelt (2000) en philosophie de la psychiatrie. Cette incapacité correspond à une autoréalisation des croyances dépressives, sous la contrainte de l’humeur dépressiveIn this thesis I investigate the notion of « depressed mood » which historically the central and distinctive symptom of depression. Depression was originally seen as an affective disorder but it is now explained by behavioral and cognitive models as well. Moreover, as welack a general definition of a psychiatric disorder, we also lack a conception of what makes adepressive episode “pathological”, beyond its clinical criteria. Is depression an affective disorder, a mood disorder ? If yes, then what makes the difference between depression and a non-problematic depressed mood? The aim is to improve our understanding of this psychiatric disorder thanks to philosophy. My approach combines conceptual history and conceptual analysis in philosophy of affective states and philosophy of psychiatry on the notion of“depressed mood”, in order to characterize the affective component of a depressed state, toarticulate it with the other components of such a state, and to determine in what sense such astate can be pathological. I make a conceptual history of the clinical characterization of theaffective component of a depressed state in French psychiatric, from the “alienists” to contemporary psychiatry: it shows that this affective component cannot be reduced to sadness.I formulate a functionalist theory of depressed mood in philosophy of affective states, in termsof “active depressive beliefs”: this theory defines this mood as an affective state whosedistinct effect on mental states is to recruit and bring depressive beliefs to manifest themselves. These beliefs are pessimistic, defeatist and self-deprecating beliefs about thepossibility to reach a future situation where one’s aspirations would be satisfied. To finish, Idefend a cognitivist theory of depression in terms of “self-fulfilling depressive beliefs”. These beliefs are made especially harmful by the depressed mood that modulates their functional role when it persists. The harm consists in that the depressed state jointly induced by this mood and these beliefs leads to incapacity to mobilize psychological capacities that are necessary to seek to satisfy one’s aspirations: I formulate this harm in terms of second-orderincapacity to reach a minimal well-being, so that I adapt to depression the conception of “pathological” elaborated by Nordenfelt (2000) in philosophy of psychiatry. This incapacity corresponds to a self-fulfillment of depressive beliefs under the constraint of the depressedmood
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Bean, Jacqueline. "Psychopathology and dysfunctional beliefs in battered women." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52421.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the incidence of depression, post-traumatic stress symptomatology, anger and guilt in a shelter sample of 40 battered women. In addition, the presence of dysfunctional, evaluative beliefs, as viewed from a Rational-emotive perspective, was investigated, as well as the relationship between dysfunctional beliefs and symptoms of psychopathology. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Anger Diagnostic Scale, Trauma Related Guilt Inventory and Survey of Personal Beliefs. It was found that 63% of the participants showed moderate to severe levels of depression, while 59% manifested high post-traumatic stress symptomatology. Between 38% and 50% experienced problems with anger whilst 48.5% showed moderate guilt. In general, these symptoms did not correlate with the age of participants or with the duration or frequency of abuse, except for anger which was related to a history of childhood sexual and/or physical abuse. The results of the Survey of Personal Beliefs indicated that the group displayed Otherand Self-directed Demands, Awfulizing, Low Frustration-tolerance and Negative Selfworth. Only Low Frustration-tolerance (underestimation of coping skills) correlated significantly with levels of depression, anger and guilt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het die insidensie van depressie, post-traumatiese stressimptome, woede en skuldgevoelens in 'n groep van 40 vroulike slagoffers van gesinsgeweld, wat die huweliksverhouding verlaat het en in 'n skuiling vir mishandelde vroue opgeneem is, ondersoek. Die disfunksionele, evaluerende kognisies, soos deur die Rasioneel-emotiewe gedragsterapie gepostuleer, asook die korrelasie tussen hierdie kognisies en die simptome van psigopatologie, is ook ondersoek. Deelnemers het die Beck Depression Inventory, Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Anger Diagnostic Scale, Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory en Survey of Personal Beliefs voltooi. Die resultate het aangedui dat 63% van die deelnemers matige tot ernstige vlakke van depressie getoon het, terwyl hoë post-traumatiese stressimptomatologie by 59% voorgekom het. Tussen 38% en 50% het probleme met woede getoon, terwyl matige skuldgevoelens by 48.5% voorgekom het. Oor die algemeen het hierdie simptome nie verband getoon met die ouderdom van deelnemers of met die duur of frekwensie van die mishandeling nie, behalwe die vlak van woede wat 'n verband getoon het met 'n geskiedenis van kindermolestering. Tellings op die Survey of Personal Beliefs het aangedui dat die groep die disfunksionele, evaluerende kognisies van Self- en Ander-gerigte Eise, Katastrofering, Lae Frustrasie - toleransie en Negatiewe Selfwaarde getoon het. Slegs Lae Frustrasie-toleransie (onderskatting van hanteringsvaardighede) het beduidend met vlak van depressie, woede en skuldgevoelens gekorreleer.
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Aldridge, Kay Diane. "The relationship between beliefs about symptom etiology and adult responses to depressed children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184438.
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Recent research has demonstrated that depressed people elicit rejection and induce negative mood in those with whom they interact. The present study sought to replicate earlier research which demonstrated these effects in adult-child interactions when the child was depressed. It also was designed to determine how establishing a mental set about the etiology of a particular child's depression would mediate these findings. A total of 80 male and 80 female undergraduates viewed one of three tapes of a child actress interacting with an adult. The roles portrayed were those of a depressed child, a nondepressed but highly stressed child, and a normal nondepressed control child. Subjects who viewed the depressed child were also assigned to three different groups which either received no information about the child's mood and behavior, were told she was depressed due to physical causes, or that she was depressed due to a pattern of negative thinking. Subjects provided an explanation of the depression were also given an informative summary to read about the etiology of the depression. The depressed child was more rejected than the normal and stressed child, but providing a physical explanation of the depression significantly mediated the effect. Subjects did not differ in their expressed desire for further interaction with the normal and depressed child, but did express greater desire to interact when the depression was explained as a physical disorder than when no information was presented. The nondepressed normal child was viewed as significantly higher in general functioning than the child in any other role. Two mood induction findings were significant. Subjects viewing the normal control expressed higher degrees of positive affect than those viewing any other child. Subjects who viewed the depressed child without any further information were significantly more depressed than those in any other condition. Groups did not differ on measures of anxiety and hostility. Subjects did endorse differential intervention suggestions based on the role portrayal. These results are discussed in relation to the interpersonal model of depression and in terms of their implications for clinical practice.
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Billingsley, Jennifer. "Sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att vårda människor med depression : En beskrivande litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Medicin- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23321.
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Bakgrund: Depression är en psykisk sjukdom som går i skov och är annorlunda från person till person i hur länge det håller i sig och hur pass allvarligt depressionen anses vara. För varje nytt skov en person får så ökas risken för framtida skov som kan bli allt mer allvarligare och därmed svårare att återhämta sig från. Då depression är en vanlig sjukdom som blir allt vanligare så finns det ingenstans inom vården där en sköterska inte kommer att möta dessa människor. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande arbete var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor upplever att vårda människor som har depression samt beskriva vilka undersökningsgrupper som finns i de valda artiklarna. Design: En beskrivande litteraturstudie. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor kände sig säkra i att känna igen depressionssymtom, men ändå förblev många depressionstillstånd odiagnostiserade och obehandlade. Frustration kring sjukdomen och dess behandling uppstod då det inte fanns tid eller rätt kunskap för att kunna hantera det. Viljan att lära sig mer och vara lyhörda för patienternas behov fanns vilket hänvisade till ett behov av att ha en bra relation mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten. Det var en tydlig dominans av kvinnor i de 10 utvalda artiklarna. Det fanns allt från nyanställda sköterskor till sjuksköterskor som arbetat i flera år även om de flesta av deltagarna i de olika studierna var i medelåldern. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplever frustration och maktlöshet när de vårdar människor med depression vilket leder till känslan av stigmatisering och dåliga relationer mellan vården och patienten. Viljan att bli bättre på att känna igen depression och kunna vara ett stöd för människorna med sjukdomen finns hos sköterskorna, men bristen på tid, kunskap och kommunikation gör att sjuksköterskor känner att de inte kan hantera patienterna och blir otrygga i sin arbetsroll som vårdare.Background: Depression is a mental illness that relapses and is different from person to person in how long it lasts and how serious the depression is considered. For each new relapse a person has the risk of future relapses increased which can become more serious and more difficult to recover from. Considering that depression is a common disorder that is becoming more common, there is no place in health care where a nurse will not meet these people. Aim: To describe how nurses experience caring for people who have depression. The aim is also to describe the study groups of the selected articles. Design: A descriptive study of literature. Findings: Nurses felt confident in recognizing symptoms of depression, but many depressions remained undiagnosed and untreated. Frustration towards the disease and its treatment were experienced since there was no time or the right knowledge to be able to handle depressed patients. The desire to learn more and be empathetic to the needs of patients was present which supported the need for a good relationship between the nurse and the patient. There was a dominance of women in the 10 selected articles. Everything from newly hired nurses to nurses who've worked for several years participated although most of them were middle-aged. Conclusion: Nurses are experiencing frustration and powerlessness when they care for people with depression, which leads to the feeling of stigmatization and poor relationships between nurse and patient. The desire to become better at recognizing depression and be a support for people with the disease exists, but the lack of time, knowledge and communication makes nurses feel insecure in their role as caregivers.
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Chen, Jason I. "The Role of Threat-based Beliefs in Mental Health Help-Seeking Processes for Depression." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6205.
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Mental illness among college students is a significant public health concern. Among mental health issues, one of the most prevalent and impairing is depression. Although many students experience depression, the majority do not seek help. Past research has shown that stigma beliefs are associated with help-seeking, but interventions targeting stigma have been unsuccessful at increasing help-seeking prompting the need to explore alternative models. Currently, there has been little research evaluating the role of threat-based beliefs related to help-seeking processes. As well, it remains unclear how different threat-based beliefs may interact and be related to help-seeking intentions.
The purpose of these studies was to develop new measures that assess threat-based beliefs based on facilitating threats, as defined by perceived severity, mortality, loss of functioning, and loss of control threats and obstructing threats, as defined by general stigma, interpersonal rejection, and workplace rejection beliefs. As well, it was hypothesized that facilitating threats would be positively associated with help-seeking intentions and that this relationship would be moderated by obstructing threats such that higher levels of obstructing threats would attenuate the relationship between facilitating threats and help-seeking. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The measurement development phase (N = 240) supported the proposed factor structure with the exclusion of the stigma and severity threat measures. When testing the moderation hypothesis (N = 212), results did not support the hypothesized relationships between facilitating threats, obstructing threats, and help-seeking intentions. The implications of these results for future research, theory, and prevention program directions are discussed.
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Chan, Lai-king Vivian, and 陳麗琼. "Irrational beliefs in academic achievement and depression among secondary school students in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248858.
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Chan, Lai-king Vivian. "Irrational beliefs in academic achievement and depression among secondary school students in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13115650.
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Samalin, Ludovic. "Attitudes et croyances vis-à-vis du traitement comme variables intermédiaires du comportement d'usage du médicament." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM21/document.
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La prise en charge des patients souffrant d’un trouble mental justifie une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes influençant les comportements des patients et des cliniciens vis-à-vis des stratégies thérapeutiques. Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier et d’identifier le rôle des attitudes des patients et des cliniciens vis-à-vis du comportement d’usage d’une thérapeutique. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé plusieurs études permettant d’appréhender cette problématique dans différentes pathologies et envers différentes thérapeutiques.Concernant les attitudes des patients envers leur traitement, nous avons détaillé un travail visant à évaluer les croyances de patients souffrant de schizophrénie envers leur antipsychotique et une étude qualitative sur les attitudes des patients bipolaires envers leur prise en charge en phase d’euthymie. Nous avons montré l’impact des attitudes négatives sur le niveau d’observance ou d’adhésion des patients à leur prise en charge et l’intérêt de cibler des stratégies de prise en charge individualisées visant à améliorer ces attitudes. Concernant les psychiatres, nous avons présenté une étude évaluant les attitudes des cliniciens vis-à-vis des recommandations professionnelles ainsi qu’un travail concernant leurs attitudes envers les antipsychotiques d’action prolongée. Certaines attitudes des psychiatres apparaissaient associées à une plus faible utilisation des recommandations ou des formulations d’action prolongée. Nos résultats montrent ainsi que l’observance ou l’adhésion des patients à une prise en charge ou le choix thérapeutique des cliniciens sont sous-tendus par leurs attitudes. L’étude des attitudes dans le domaine de la santé mentale apparaît comme une étape indispensable dans la compréhension de certains comportements d’usage des thérapeutiques. Les données issues des travaux présentés mais aussi d’études récentes permettent d’envisager un changement de paradigme dans l’appréhension des comportements d’observance des patients et de décision médicale des cliniciens dans le choix d’une thérapeutique centré sur leurs attitudesThe management of patients with severe mental illnesses needs a better understanding of thefactors affecting the behaviours of clinicians and patients toward therapeutic strategies.The main objective of this thesis was to assess and identify the role of the clinician’s attitudes and patients’ attitudes toward the medication use behaviour. We conducted several studies to address this point in different mental disorders and for different type of treatment. Concerning the patients ‘attitudes toward treatment, we reported data from a study assessing the beliefs toward antipsychotics of schizophrenic patients and from a qualitative study assessing the patient’s attitudes toward the management of bipolar disorder in euthymic periods. We showed that the negative attitudes had a marked impact on the level of adherence of patients and could determine individual targets of interventions to improve them. Concerning the psychiatrists, we reported two studies assessing the clinician’s attitudes toward guidelines and long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Some specific attitudes were associated with a lower use of guidelines or long-acting formulations. These findings showed that the adherence of patient to treatment and the medical decisions of clinicians were related to their attitudes. The assessment of attitudes or beliefs in the field of mental health appears to be an essential step to promote a better comprehension of some treatment use behaviours. Our results and from other recent studies support a new paradigm for the patient adherence to treatment and the medical decision of clinicians focused on their attitudes as predicting variables
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Tate, Kerry. "An investigation into the effect of causal beliefs about depression on attitudes and clinical judgements." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2013. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12368/.
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Biological explanations of depression have been found to increase professional perceptions of the effectiveness of medical treatments and reduce the perceptions of the effectiveness of psychological therapy. Studies in lay populations have shown that biological explanations reduce perceptions of self-efficacy and control over depression symptoms. There is a lack of research examining the impact of causal models on clinicians’ attitudes. The current study aimed to explore whether clinicians’ causal models of a client’s depression can be biased by aetiological labelling and, in turn, whether clinicians’ causal models impact clinical judgements and attitudes. An experimental design was utilised, with one independent variable (labelling of the client’s depression) with three levels (biological, psychosocial and neutral). Outcomes measured causal beliefs, treatment effectiveness, control, clinical attitudes and perceived stigma in relation to a client vignette. Observational data were analysed to explore the effects of clinicians’ primary causal models on the outcome variables. Over 200 trainee clinical psychologists, across England, Scotland and Wales, took part in an online survey, presented using surveymonkey®. Where appropriate data were analysed using ANOVA. There was a small effect of the manipulation; labelling the depression as biological increased biological causal attributions and increased perceptions of the effectiveness of medical treatments. The exploratory analysis demonstrated substantial effects of strongly endorsing biological causal beliefs on judgements of medical treatments and client engagement. The results suggest that clinicians’ causal models of a client’s depression may bias clinical judgements. These findings are preliminary and further research is needed.
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Goring, Hannah. "Worry, rumination and metacognitive beliefs about rumination in depression : factor analyses of self-report measures." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440383.
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Winkcup, Emma Louise. "The role of life-events, sociotropic and autonomous beliefs in the occurrence and recurrence of depression." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27704.
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The observation that most individuals do not become depressed despite major stressors whilst others may be vulnerable to relatively minor stressors has led to considerable interest in the moderating role of individual characteristics in predisposing individuals to depression. The existence of two distinct types of personality vulnerability has been proposed, reflecting interpersonal or autonomy related concerns. This distinction has received considerable empirical support, however, methodological problems in existing research have limited understanding of the relationship between life-events, personal vulnerability and the onset of depression. This study utilised both interview and psychometric data to explore sociotropic and autonomous beliefs in relation to depression vulnerability as related to childhood experience, belief congruent life-events and psychosocial factors. Participants were classified as currently depressed, recovered depressed and never depressed in a between groups design. Multivariate parametric and non-parametric statistics were used to analyse the data. Results are discussed in terms of the predictions of the diathesis-stress model as well as elaborations possible by consideration of qualitative data.
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Rohan, Kelly J., Jonah Meyerhoff, Sheau-Yan Ho, Kathryn A. Roecklein, Yael I. Nillni, Joel J. Hillhouse, Michael J. DeSarno, and Pamela M. Vacek. "A Measure of Cognitions Specific to Seasonal Depression: Development and Validation of the Seasonal Beliefs Questionnaire." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000715.
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We introduce the Seasonal Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ), a self-report inventory of maladaptive thoughts about the seasons, light availability, and weather conditions, proposed to constitute a unique cognitive vulnerability to winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD; Rohan, Roecklein, & Haaga, 2009). Potential items were derived from a qualitative analysis of self-reported thoughts during SAD-tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-SAD) and subsequently refined based on qualitative feedback from 48 SAD patients. In the psychometric study (N = 536 college students), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses pruned the items to a 26-item scale with a 5-factor solution, demonstrating good internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and 2-week test-retest reliability. In a known groups comparison, the SBQ discriminated SAD patients (n = 86) from both nonseasonal major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 110), whereas a generic measure of depressogenic cognitive vulnerability (the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale [DAS]) discriminated MDD patients from the other groups. In a randomized clinical trial comparing CBT-SAD with light therapy (N = 177), SBQ scores improved at twice the rate in CBT-SAD than in light therapy. Greater change in SBQ scores during CBT-SAD, but not during light therapy, was associated with a lower risk of depression recurrence 2 winters later. In contrast, DAS scores improved comparably during CBT-SAD and light therapy, and DAS change was unrelated to recurrence following either treatment. These results support using the SBQ as a brief assessment tool for a SAD-specific cognitive vulnerability and as a treatment target in CBT-SAD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Pearson, Louise. "Attributional beliefs as a moderator of stress and depression in carers of people with traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397522.
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Atkins, Joanna. "Knowledge and beliefs about late life depression and the relationship with help giving and help-seeking: perspectives of aged care staff and recipients." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11938.
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Depression is not an inevitable part of the ageing process. While prevalence rates are high for aged care recipients, detection rates tend to be low and management suboptimal. It is important for those who work with older persons to have a good understanding about depression in this age group so ‘at risk’ older persons can be identified at an early stage and appropriate assistance provided. This research set out to explore the fixed and modifiable risk factors for psychological distress and quality of life in older persons by using the 45 and Up dataset. Older age, more functional limitations, increased sleep and decreased social support were important predictors. Research also explored the awareness of aged care staff and residents of the relationship between depression and physical health. While aged care staff were generally more aware of this relationship than residents they still demonstrated a number of gaps in knowledge. In residents, reduced awareness was linked to greater likelihood of being depressed. The research also examined the knowledge of and attitudes towards depression of both aged care recipients and staff and the relationship with help-seeking and help giving behaviours. In addition, an intervention was conducted with staff to explore the effect on knowledge, attitudes and help giving behaviours. Initial gains in knowledge and improvements in attitudes were often not sustained long term indicating a need for regular ongoing training. The number of staff providing helping behaviours to care recipients did significantly increase at the six month follow up. Recommendations are outlined in terms of establishing depression protocols; depression awareness training; reducing barriers to care; empowering older persons; reducing modifiable risk factors, early intervention; adopting an holistic approach; supporting carers; research into healthy ageing; and changing organisational culture.
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Farrell-Turner, Kristen A. "The Relationships Among Medication and Low-Salt Diet Adherence, Beliefs about Medicines, and Psychosocial Variables among Individuals with Heart Failure." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/603.
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Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating chronic illness that afflicts millions of Americans and carries a poor prognosis, likely due to insufficient medication and low-salt diet adherence, which exacerbates HF symptoms and leads to frequent rehospitalizations. Specific reasons underlying non-adherence among HF patients are unclear. Studies investigating reasons for adherence among HF patients have shown that correlates of poor adherence include demographic (i.e., age, income), functional (i.e., NYHA), and psychosocial (i.e., social support, depression) variables. Research studies among individuals with chronic diseases suggest that an individual’s beliefs about medicines may explain adherence, but this research is limited among HF patients. The purpose of this study was to examine how psychosocial variables and beliefs about medicines are related to self-reported medication and low-salt diet adherence among individuals with HF, while controlling for demographic and physical functioning variables. This study had three aims: 1) To examine the relationships between psychosocial variables (e.g., depression, hostility, social support) and adherence; 2) To examine the relationship between beliefs about medicines and adherence; and 3) To investigate whether beliefs about medicines moderate the relationship between psychosocial variables and adherence. An ethnically-diverse sample of 105 HF patients completed several measures assessing depressive symptoms, level of hostility, perceived social support, beliefs about medicines, and medication and low-salt diet adherence. Structural equation modeling revealed that higher depression, higher hostility, and a stronger belief that medications are harmful and/or overused by doctors were significantly related to worse medication adherence. Further, participants who believed that medicines are necessary and had few concerns about them were more likely to adhere to a low-salt diet. Age, income, and number of co-morbid illness also were significantly related to low-salt diet adherence beyond contributions of beliefs about medicines scales and psychosocial variables. Thus, overall it appears that different beliefs about medicines differentially influence medication versus low-salt diet adherence, and psychological disposition may not underlie low-salt diet adherence. These results can inform interventions of health care practitioners in addressing adherence issues with HF patients.
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Genuario, Kimberly. "Possible Moderators of the Relationship Between Health Beliefs and Adherence and Metabolic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1512562500418142.
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Ede, David E. Jr. "Self-Care Confidence Predicts Less Depression in Heart Failure." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1624135356324155.
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Caporino, Nicole. "The acceptability of treatments for adolescent depression to a multi-ethnic sample of girls." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002702.
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Tillis, LaRae. "The Impact of African-Centered Psychotherapy on Depressive Symptoms and Africentric Worldview in African Americans." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2946.
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Depression is a prominent issue in the African American community. However, there are significant gaps in the literature on the delivery and outcomes of culturally relevant mental health psychotherapy to African Americans. Cultural variables, such as worldview, have been noted to impact an individual's overall psychosocial functioning and have significant implications for mental health service delivery. The purpose of this study was to use archival data to analyze the impact of African-centered therapeutic services on depressive symptoms and on Africentric worldview among African Americans. Archival data on 38 African American adults, recorded from 2012-2015, were obtained from a community mental health agency in the Midwest. Each of the adults received therapy via an African-centered treatment modality. The study was grounded in the cognitive theory of depression and optimal theory. The dependent treatment outcome variables were (a) depressive symptomology, as measured with the depression subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and (b) Africentric worldview as measured by the Belief Systems Analysis Scale. The dependent variables were measured twice: once in the beginning and once at the end of a year's treatment. A dependent, paired t tests indicated a significant reduction in depressive symptoms but no significant increase in adherence to Africentric worldview. This study has implications for positive social change by: providing increased insight on the need for culturally relevant services to African Americans, which can subsequently lead to culturally relevant social change in the delivery of mental health services to diverse populations.
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Karachaliou, Dimitra. "Investigating and addressing barriers to the effective recognition and management of depression in people with long-term conditions in primary care." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-and-addressing-barriers-to-the-effective-recognition-and-management-of-depression-in-people-with-longterm-conditions-in-primary-care(689b0b52-7a95-4f40-b8ca-3faf11585edf).html.
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Objectives: Depression is often unrecognised or sub-optimally treated in primary care. This has led to research exploring the barriers and enablers to effective recognition but little is known about health care professionals’ (HCPs) beliefs or personal illness models about depression in patients with long term conditions (LTCs), the presence of which may affect recognition and management. Using Leventhal’s Common Sense or Self-regulatory Model this thesis aimed to: explore HCPs’ illness representations and management in people with LTCs and depression; to understand the role of personal models and perceived barriers to depression recognition and management; and to address them in a theory-based online training intervention. Methods: This thesis was undertaken in three stages; a scoping review with narrative synthesis was conducted to explore the role of HCPs’ personal illness models of depression, a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 16 HCPs to investigate their illness beliefs about depression in patients with LTCs and finally, the development and feasibility assessment of a theory-based online training intervention to target HCPs’ attitudes, beliefs and self-efficacy. During this stage a new measure of HCPs’ beliefs and attitudes towards depression in patients with LTCs was developed as no appropriate measures were currently available to capture HCPs’ personal illness models of depression as a comorbid condition. Results: Twenty-seven papers were included in a mixed method scoping review. The review concluded that HCPs mainly normalised depression but lacked a complete conceptualisation of depression in primary care. HCPs reported time constraints and lack of skills as important barriers to recognising of depression in primary care. Negative attitudes towards depression and lack of confidence to recognise and manage depression were also commonly reported. In the qualitative study, the main themes were; 1) Recognition of depression in people with LTCs is complex (unclear illness identity) 2) Attitudes towards recognition and management of depression in people with LTCs act as either barriers and enablers to depression management 3) The necessary level of condition-related knowledge and understanding of depression in the context of a LTC 4) Controllability of depression in people with LTCs. The findings suggested that HCPs’ illness beliefs about depression in people with LTC varied in crucial ways with some participants prioritising the management of the LTC or expecting patients with diabetes or CHD to diagnose depression themselves due to time constraints. Some HCPs also reported simplistic views of causation which appeared to impact on their decisions whether or not to detect depression in people with LTCs. The findings of the qualitative study were used to inform the content of a novel online training intervention using illustrations to facilitate engagement. Thirty one HCPs were recruited and 15 completed the evaluation. The results of the feasibility study suggested that the method, context and mode of intervention was feasible but the lack of validated measures and the small sample size hinder conclusions about changes in participants’ illness beliefs, intentions, self-efficacy and perceived barriers towards depression. Comments: The scoping review study provided new insights into why HCPs may not engage with detection of depression but only a limited amount of research has explored HCPs’ beliefs about depression in patients with LTCs. The qualitative study addressed this and contributes new knowledge about the way HCPs conceptualise depression in patients with LTC and was used to design an online intervention to improve the management and recognition of depression in these patients. Further research to develop this intervention and evaluate it on a larger scale is needed.
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Cornwall, Peter Leonard. "Individual and interpersonal beliefs and their relationship to outcome in major depression : a study of depressed patients and their partners." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427273.
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Edge, D. "Perinatal depression among women of black caribbean origin : a longitudinal cohort study of prevalence, beliefs and attitudes to help seeking." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556319.
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Carlús, Martín Xavier. "Mort i ritual funerari en el context del bronze final a la depressió Prelitoral Catalana: l'hàbitat i la necròpolis d'incineració de Can Roqueta com a paradigma interpretatiu." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672026.
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En aquesta tesis s’estudien els procediments, els valors, les normes i els bens materials creats per l’ésser humà amb el propòsit d’enfrontar allò que és inevitable, la mort. En definitiva, s’estudia una cultura de la mort en el context de la prehistòria recent del nord-est de la Península Ibèrica. Mitjançant aquesta cultura som capaços de respondre preguntes tan essencials per l’ésser humà com el sentit vertader de la nostra pròpia existència i el significat de la mort, més enllà de la fisiologia. La metafísica, el culte als avantpassats, la creença en un món d’ultratomba, els espais destinats als morts, els ritus de passatge, els gestos funeraris, etc., són aspectes que ens defineixen com a espècie. Les preocupacions metafísiques i existencials són part del nostre ADN, així com també les capacitats de resoldre aquests conflictes. La principal conclusió que extraiem de tot això és que els espais funeraris, en forma d’enterraments aïllats o de necròpolis, com el de Can Piteu - Can Roqueta —paradigma emprat en aquest treball—, són llocs per al record, llocs de memòria revestits d’una important càrrega simbòlica, amb independència del grau de cultualització de la societat vivent. La necròpolis i les ocupacions del bronze final de Can Roqueta, han subministrat les principals dades per a aquesta nostra recerca. Aquest lloc representa un dels conjunts funeraris més abundosos de la prehistòria recent peninsular, amb més de 1049 tombes d’incineració distribuïdes en una extensió de poc més de 800 m2. La primera fase es remunta al segle XI cal ANE, això no obstant, la fundació de la necròpolis podria arribar al segle XII cal ANE. En aquests moments el recinte arribarà a tenir una extensió mínima d’uns 465 m2. La part conservada està composta per 629 dispositius funeraris, dels quals 600 són tombes d’incineració, prototípiques de la regió geogràfica i de la cronologia estudiades. És precisament aquesta fase seminal de l’establiment la que s’ha emprat per a estudiar la cultura de la mort en una comunitat agropecuària del nord-est peninsular. Abans de qualsevol consideració sobre com vivien la mort els pobladors d’aquest racó de la Mediterrània ens ha calgut estudiar les estructures funeràries. La primera conclusió que podem extreure és que ens trobem al davant d’un sistema d’enterrament certament estandarditzat, que repeteix en tots els casos els formulismes propis d’una normalització de la mort. Així les coses, hi ha uns preceptes genèrics que es repeteixen de forma recurrent —excepcions excepcionals a banda—: deposició ritualitzada de les restes cremades del finat dins d’una fossa excavada a terra. Observem que la mort es viu a casa, tanmateix està sancionada i normativitzada socialment; que hi ha una sistematització en el seu tractament; que hi ha una idea precisa del que significa la desaparició de la persona humana i la transcendència del fenomen biològic; que hi ha un arrelament territorial i un sentiment de pertinença a un grup, avalat i assenyalat per un establiment funerari; que hi ha una voluntat de mantenir la cohesió del grup, dels seus components, amb independència de si són persones vives o mortes, antigues o contemporànies. En definitiva, el culte als morts, en els termes descrits, evoca una societat ben estructurada i cohesionada, amb uns valors solidaris estables, conscient dels valors que tot això comporta per a la subsistència, i amb vocació de transcendir.En esta tesis se estudian los procedimientos, los valores, las normas y los bienes materiales creados por el ser humano con el propósito de afrontar lo que es inevitable, la muerte. En definitiva, se estudia una cultura de la muerte en el contexto de la Prehistoria Reciente del Nordeste de la Península Ibérica. Mediante esta cultura somos capaces de responder preguntas tan esenciales para el ser humano como el sentido verdadero de nuestra propia existencia y el significado de la muerte, más allá de la fisiología. La metafísica, el culto a los antepasados, la creencia en un mundo de ultratumba, los espacios destinados a los muertos, los ritos de paso, los gestos funerarios, etc., son aspectos que nos definen como especie. Las preocupaciones metafísicas y existenciales son parte de nuestro ADN, así como las capacidades de resolver estos conflictos. La principal conclusión que extraemos de todo esto es que los espacios funerarios, en forma de enterramientos aislados o de necrópolis, como el de Can Piteu - Can Roqueta —paradigma empleado en este trabajo—, son lugares para el recuerdo, lugares de memoria revestidos de una importante carga simbólica, con independencia del grado de cultualización de la sociedad viviente. La necrópolis y las ocupaciones del Bronce Final de Can Roqueta, han suministrado los principales datos para esta nuestra investigación. Este sitio representa uno de los conjuntos funerarios más abundantes de la Prehistoria Reciente peninsular, con más de 1.049 tumbas de incineración distribuidas en una extensión de poco más de 800 m2. La primera fase se remonta al siglo XI cal ANE, no obstante, la fundación de la necrópolis podría llegar al siglo XII cal ANE. En estos momentos el recinto llegará a tener una extensión mínima de unos 465 m2. La parte conservada está compuesta por 629 dispositivos funerarios, de los cuales 600 son tumbas de incineración, prototípicas de la región geográfica y de la cronología estudiadas. Es precisamente esta fase seminal del establecimiento la que se ha empleado para estudiar la cultura de la muerte en una comunidad agropecuaria del Nordeste peninsular. Antes de cualquier consideración sobre cómo vivían la muerte los pobladores de este rincón del Mediterráneo ha sido necesario estudiar las estructuras funerarias. La primera conclusión que podemos extraer es que nos encontramos ante un sistema de enterramiento ciertamente estandarizado, que repite en todos los casos los formulismos propios de una normalización de la muerte. Así las cosas, hay unos preceptos genéricos que se repiten de forma recurrente —excepciones excepcionales aparte—: deposición ritualizada de los restos quemados del finado dentro de una fosa excavada en el suelo. Observamos que la muerte se vive en casa, sin embargo está sancionada y normativizada socialmente; que hay una sistematización en su tratamiento; que hay una idea precisa de lo que significa la desaparición de la persona humana y la trascendencia del fenómeno biológico; que hay un arraigo territorial y un sentimiento de pertenencia a un grupo, avalado y señalado por un establecimiento funerario; que hay una voluntad de mantener la cohesión del grupo, de sus componentes, con independencia de si son personas vivas o muertas, antiguas o contemporáneas. En definitiva, el culto a los muertos, en los términos descritos, evoca una sociedad bien estructurada y cohesionada, con unos valores solidarios estables, consciente de los valores que todo esto conlleva para la subsistencia, y con vocación de trascender.
This thesis examines the procedures, values, norms and material goods created by human beings in order to face what is inevitable, death. In short, a culture of death is studied in the context of recent Prehistory in the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Through this culture, we are able to answer questions as essential to human beings as the true meaning of our own existence and the meaning of death, beyond physiology. Metaphysics, ancestor worship, belief in a world beyond the grave, spaces for the dead, rites of passage, funeral gestures, and so on, they are aspects that define us as a species. Metaphysical and existential concerns are part of our DNA, as well as the capability to resolve these conflicts. The main conclusion we draw from all this is that funerary spaces, in the form of isolated burial or necropolis, such as Can Piteu - Can Roqueta —paradigm used in this work—, they are places of remembrance, places of memory covered with an important symbolic burden, regardless of culturalization degree of living society. The necropolis and the Late Bronze Age occupations of Can Roqueta have provided the main data for our research. This site represents one of the most abundant funerary ensembles of recent peninsular Prehistory, with more than 1,049 incineration tombs spread over an area of just over 800 m2. The first phase dates back to the 11th century cal BCE, however, the necropolis foundation could reach the 12th century cal BCE. At this time the enclosure will have a minimum area of about 465 m2. The preserved part is composed of 629 funerary devices, 600 of which are incineration tombs, prototypical of the geographical region and the chronology studied. This seminal phase of the establishment it’s exactly what has been used to study the culture of death in an agricultural community in the peninsular Northeast. Before any consideration of how the inhabitants of this Mediterranean corner lived death, it was necessary to study the funerary structures. The first conclusion we can draw is that we are faced with a certainly standardized burial system, which repeats in all cases the typical formalities of a death normalization. Thus, there are generic precepts that repeat themselves in a recurring way - exceptional exceptions aside -: ritualized deposition of the deceased burned remains inside a grave dug into the ground. We note that death is lived at home, however it is sanctioned and socially standardized; that there is a systematization in its treatment; that there is a precise idea what the human person disappearance means and the significance of the biological phenomenon; that there is a territorial roots and a sense of belonging to a group, endorsed and marked by a funerary establishment; that there is a willingness to maintain the group cohesion, its components, regardless they are living or dead, ancient or contemporary. In short, the cult of the dead, in described terms, evokes a well-structured and cohesive society, with stable solidarity values, aware of the values that all this entails for subsistence, and with a vocation to transcend.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Arqueologia Prehistòrica
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Law, Jim. "The 'understandability phenomenon' : do older adults believe depression is a normal part of old age?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26682.
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The "understandability phenomenon" as defined by Blanchard (1992) is the notion that older adults believe depression is a normal consequence of old age. The concept is referred to frequently in the gerontology literature as one of the factors responsible for the under detection and under treatment of late life depression. However, there is little empirical evidence to support this concept. This study assessed the understandability of late life depression in a sample of community dwelling depressed and non-depressed older adults. A measure was developed which examined older adult's belief in the understandability of depression. Specifically, the items in the measure covered depression as a natural consequence of old age, low expectations of treatment, and accepting there are good reasons for depression in late life. Two explanations for the phenomenon were tested. It was hypothesised that the understandability phenomenon is a negative cognition associated with depression. Second, it was also hypothesised that the understandability phenomenon is a function of older adult's beliefs about ageing and old age. It was found that the understandability phenomenon was not related to depression but was related to older adults beliefs about their own ageing. The clinical implications of older adults belief in the understandability of late life depression are discussed.
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Faissner, Mirjam Sophie [Verfasser], and Lena [Akademischer Betreuer] Jelinek. "The role of cognitive and metacognitive maladaptive beliefs in the long-term course of unipolar depression / Mirjam Sophie Faissner ; Betreuer: Lena Jelinek." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/117724182X/34.
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Faissner, Mirjam Sophie Verfasser], and Lena [Akademischer Betreuer] [Jelinek. "The role of cognitive and metacognitive maladaptive beliefs in the long-term course of unipolar depression / Mirjam Sophie Faissner ; Betreuer: Lena Jelinek." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-95506.
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Lundquist, Jessie J. "Examining the moderating effects of individualism and collectivism on the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and depression a test of competing hypotheses in Northern Plains American Indian youth /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2065699791&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Badaró, Auxiliatrice Caneschi. "As crenças cognitivas e suas relações com sintomas de ansiedade social e depressão." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/347.
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A Ansiedade Social tem sido subdiagnosticada na clínica de psicologia devido às comorbidades que apresenta. A depressão tem sido a comorbidade mais frequente relacionada à ansiedade social, e uma das mais graves também, podendo levar à morte do paciente. Nesses casos, os diagnósticos podem se confundir, comprometendo o tratamento. Objetivo: Esse estudo buscou entender melhor, a partir das crenças cognitivas, as semelhanças e diferenças desses transtornos e da influência de um sobre o outro, auxiliando na sua identificação e possibilitando melhores intervenções a partir de uma percepção mais direcionada. Teve como objetivo principal correlacionar os grupos de ansiosos sociais e deprimidos, e entender quais crenças eles compartilham e suas intensidades. Métodos: A população alvo se constituiu de maiores de 18 anos, atendidos pelo Centro de Psicologia Aplicada (CPA) – UFJF e pela Clínica Psicológica do CES, JF. Em acordo com a instituição e os terapeutas que iriam atender esses pacientes, foram selecionadas pessoas que iniciaram o atendimento no CPA e no CES com queixas que tendem a um diagnóstico de depressão ou ansiedade social. Posteriormente foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa: Inventário de Ansiedade Social Liebowitz, Escala de Depressão Baptista para Adultos – EBADEP-A e Inventário da Tríade Cognitiva - ITC. Os dois primeiros rastrearam a possibilidade de um diagnóstico em ansiedade social e depressão, e o último avaliou as crenças cognitivas desses grupos. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que deprimidos vivenciam crenças mais disfuncionais sobre si, o mundo e o futuro quando comparados com os ansiosos sociais, de forma que esses grupos se diferenciaram significativamente a partir desse critério. O grupo de comorbidade entre ansiedade social e depressão se mostrou mais comprometido que os outros em relação a essas crenças, se diferenciando do grupo de depressão apenas na crença de “futuro negativo”. Aqueles que apresentaram apenas alto escore em ansiedade social não se mostraram significativamente diferentes dos participantes que não obtiveram pontuações importantes no EBADEP-A e Liebowitz.
Social Anxiety has been underdiagnosed at psychology clinics due the comorbidities it shows. Depression appears frequently between those psychologycal disorders related to social anxiety, figuring as one of the most severe, capable of causing the patient's death. In these cases, diagnoses may be confusing, affecting treatment. Objective: this study sought to better understand, through cognitive beliefs, the similarities and differences between these disorders and its mutual influences, helping to identify them and to improve interventions through more focused perceptions. The main objective was to correlate the groups of social anxious and depressed, and understand which beliefs they share and its intensity. Methods: subjects of the study were people older than 18 years under treatment at the Applied Center of Psychology (CPA) - UFJF and at the Psychologycal Clinic of CES, JF. It was agreed with these institutions and the therapeuts to select those who started their treatment at CPA and CES, and whose complaints leans to a diagnosis of depression or social anxiety. Afterwards, it was applied the following instruments of research: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Inventory, Baptista Depression Scale for Adults - EBADEP-A and Cognitive Triad Inventory - ITC. The first two screened the possibility of social anxiety and depression diagnosis, and the last assessed cognitive beliefs in these groups. Results: the results indicate that depressed individuals experience more dysfunctional beliefs about themselves, the world and the future when compared with socially anxious individuals. Hence, both groups are significantly different concerning this criterion. The group of comorbidity between social anxiety and depression appeared much more affected than the others concerning these beliefs, differing from the depression group only in the "negative future" belief. Those who exhibited high scores only for social anxiety didn't differed significantly from subjects who didn't achieved substantial scores at EBADEP-A and Liebowitz.
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Lamplugh, Claire E. "An investigation into levels of self-esteem, depression and attributional style in individuals who experience auditory hallucinations that they believe to be malevolent." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295897.
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