Journal articles: 'Depressions – Developing countries'

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Zahid, Md Abu, HI Lutfur Rahman Khan, Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, Khandker Md Nurush Sabah, SM Eftar Zahan Kabir, Md Hasanur Rahman, Mofazzal Hossain, and Tunaggina Afrin Khan. "Demographic Profile of NSTEMI (Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Patients & Association of ST-Segment Depression and Level of Troponin I with NSTEMI Patient's In-Hospital Outcome." Medicine Today 27, no. 2 (October 22, 2016): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v27i2.30038.

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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains the leading cause of death in the developed world and second leading cause of death in developing countries. Elevated troponin levels and extent of ST-segment depressions are clinically important because they may act as an effective prognostic marker .This cross-sectional study has been designed to see the correlation of ST-segment depression and level of troponin I with in-hospital outcome of NSTEMI patients. The study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of April, 2011- March, 2012. A total of 90 patients were selected by purposive sampling. In this study,the mean ±SD age of the patients was 55.9±9.1 years with a range of 36-80 years with a male -female ratio of 2:1.Over all dyslipidaemia was the most common risk factor present in 55(61.10%) patients followed by smoking in 48(53.3%) patients then obesity in 32(35.60%) then hypertension in 31(34.4%) patients. Troponin I level was significantly high in patients who developed acute LVF (10.36±7.4 vs 7.0124±6.8, p=.027), and cardiogenic shock (13.72±11.37 vs 8.64±7.35, p=.033). Troponin I was significantly high in patients who developed complication (10.72±8.84 vs 6.24±5.41, p=.005) than the patients who were discharged without complication. ST segment depression was significantly more in patients who developed acute LVF(1.07±1.63 vs.55±.74, p=.048). Logistic regression analysis of acute LVF with Troponin I and ST-segment depression showed that ST-segment depression and level of Troponin I were important correlates of acute LVF .Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 14-19

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Đelilović-Vranić, Jasminka. "Transcranial Doppler sonography as diagnostic method." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2, no. 1-2 (February 20, 2002): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2002.3585.

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Having in mind the fact that cerebrovascular disease (CVB) takes today in medicine, in spite of diagnostic and therapeutic modernisation, the third place of mortality causes in the world (behind cordial and malignant diseases, but in front of depressions), and the second place of invalidity cause (right after trauma) as well as the second place of dementia cause (after Alzheimer disease), it urges primary prophylaxis. Developing countries, but before all countries of East and Middle Europe, where is our country, are highly risked areas where CV disease has trend of incidence and total frequency increase. In the neighbouring Croatia today CV disease is at the first place of mortality causes. In the world today 5 million people annually suffer CV disease, in Europe about 700.000, but frequency of suffering on Balkan is about 5 prom. Age of CV disease effecting unfortunately moved towards young age, and today 49% of effected by CV disease are of 46 to 59 years of age. Early detection and treatment of risk factors (before hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, stress and physical non-activities) are the first aspect of CV disease prophylaxis. Together with this aspect of primary prophylaxis is early detection of complications of mentioned risk factors on the walls of blood vessels, before all changing in sense of arteriosclerosis, with consequence of disorder of cerebral haemodynamics. With that objective - verification of circulator and total haemodynamic disorders, there is obvious disclose of non-invasive diagnostic methods, and one of them is Transcranial Doppler Sonography(TCD). TCD is method comfortable for patient, reliable and rather precise, dynamic, and can be repeated several times, without side effects and in comparison with others rather cheap.

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Ben-Ezra, M., and N. Essar. "Depression and anxiety in developing countries." Lancet 364, no. 9444 (October 2004): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17269-3.

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Mafla, Ana Cristina, and Israel Biel-Portero. "Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action." Revista Facultad de Odontología 33, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v33n1a8.

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Introduction: forensic science involves diverse scientific disciplines that apply their particular expertise to the legal and judicial system. However, in the last decades this science has been linked to humanitarian actions and human rights proceedings. Forensic dentistry plays a vital role in personal identification. The lip print analysis is a relatively a simple procedure used in this discipline. It consists of patterns evaluation of cracks in the elevations and depressions on the labial mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the lip print patterns of a southern Colombian population in order to add evidence of preconditions for forensic issues as part of a humanitarian forensic action. Methods: a total of 384 participants ≥ 35 years old were included in this study. The lip prints were analyzed through Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification in order to identify the predominant lip prints in males and females. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the sample characteristics and a χ2 test was performed to analyze independence according to sex variable for these categorical data. Results: the analyses showed that Type I and I’ together were the most commonly lip prints seen in this sample, followed by Type II. There were not statistical differences between males and females. Conclusions: the evaluation of lip prints is a cost-effective method, and it could be an alternative in developing countries, especially in those that address massive violations of human rights.

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Brinson, Mark M., and Ana Inés Malvárez. "Temperate freshwater wetlands: types, status, and threats." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 2 (June 2002): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000085.

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This review examines the status of temperate-zone freshwater wetlands and makes projections of how changes over the 2025 time horizon might affect their biodiversity. The six geographic regions addressed are temperate areas of North America, South America, northern Europe, northern Mediterranean, temperate Russia, Mongolia, north-east China, Korea and Japan, and southern Australia and New Zealand. Information from the recent technical literature, general accounts in books, and some first-hand experience provided the basis for describing major wetland types, their status and major threats. Loss of biodiversity is a consequence both of a reduction in area and deterioration in condition. The information base for either change is highly variable geographically. Many countries lack accurate inventories, and for those with inventories, classifications differ, thus making comparisons difficult. Factors responsible for losses and degradation include diversions and damming of river flows, disconnecting floodplain wetlands from flood flows, eutrophication, contamination, grazing, harvests of plants and animals, global warming, invasions of exotics, and the practices of filling, dyking and draining. In humid regions, drainage of depressions and flats has eliminated large areas of wetlands. In arid regions, irrigated agriculture directly competes with wetlands for water. Eutrophication is widespread, which, together with effects of invasive species, reduces biotic complexity. In northern Europe and the northern Mediterranean, losses have been ongoing for hundreds of years, while losses in North America accelerated during the 1950s through to the 1970s. In contrast, areas such as China appear to be on the cusp of expanding drainage projects and building impoundments that will eliminate and degrade freshwater wetlands. Generalizations and trends gleaned from this paper should be considered only as a starting point for developing world-scale data sets. One trend is that the more industrialized countries are likely to conserve their already impacted, remaining wetlands, while nations with less industrialization are now experiencing accelerated losses, and may continue to do so for the next several decades. Another observation is that countries with both protection and restoration programmes do not necessarily enjoy a net increase in area and improvement in condition. Consequently, both reductions in the rates of wetland loss and increases in the rates of restoration are needed in tandem to achieve overall improvements in wetland area and condition.

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Patel, V. "Depression in developing countries: lessons from Zimbabwe." BMJ 322, no. 7284 (February 24, 2001): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7284.482.

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Sheykhi, Mohammad. "Inevitable aging and the resultant mental disorders In developing countries: a sociological appraisal." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/002.

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Aging is inevitably associated with a large number of body functions including the mental health. In addition to that, heart function, emotions, moods etc. could be mentioned as the results of gradual aging. Such conditions are usually accompanied with increase in medications consumption and decline in quality of life. Though usually medical sciences study mental health conditions, sociology also needs to be applied to appraise the "cause and effect" of mental health. As life expectancy is globally increasing, more and more people are subject to mental disorders, Alzheimer's disorders, dementia, depression and many more, as the effects of aging extensively impact mental health. Therefore, under the conditions of rapid aging, geriatrics needs to be strengthened and improved as much as possible to safeguard mental health. However, structural changes in terms of biological, physical, psychological and chemical reactions which inevitably occur with aging, need prevention and appropriate medication, and other investments in long term, and if not, other vulnerabilities will inevitably appear.

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Sheykhi, Mohammad. "Inevitable aging and the resultant mental disorders In developing countries: a sociological appraisal." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/crct.2020/002.

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Aging is inevitably associated with a large number of body functions including the mental health. In addition to that, heart function, emotions, moods etc. could be mentioned as the results of gradual aging. Such conditions are usually accompanied with increase in medications consumption and decline in quality of life. Though usually medical sciences study mental health conditions, sociology also needs to be applied to appraise the "cause and effect" of mental health. As life expectancy is globally increasing, more and more people are subject to mental disorders, Alzheimer's disorders, dementia, depression and many more, as the effects of aging extensively impact mental health. Therefore, under the conditions of rapid aging, geriatrics needs to be strengthened and improved as much as possible to safeguard mental health. However, structural changes in terms of biological, physical, psychological and chemical reactions which inevitably occur with aging, need prevention and appropriate medication, and other investments in long term, and if not, other vulnerabilities will inevitably appear.

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Shidhaye, PR. "Maternal depression: A hidden burden in developing countries." Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research 4, no. 4 (2014): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.139268.

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Page, S. A. B. "Prospects for Non-Oil Developing Countries." National Institute Economic Review 116 (May 1986): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795018611600104.

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Last year, the unexpectedly slow growth of output in the world economy, and of trade relative to it, reinforced doubts as to whether developing countries would recover from their depression and financing crisis. Since then, the fall in oil prices has altered substantially the outlook for industrial countries. The process of re-examining the prospects for developing countries has scarcely begun.This note describes developments in their trade and financing over the past five years, since the second oil price rise, as background to the judgement that the trends expected previously would have been economically and politically impossible to sustain. It then assesses the prospect now—after the fall in oil prices.

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Vaitheswaran, Sridhar, and Vaishnavi Ramanujam. "Elderly Mental Health in Developing Countries." INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES 1, no. 01 (July 14, 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/ijmhns.2018.v1.i1.7.

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Geriatric Psychiatry deals with specific issues and challenges that arise in the assessment and management of mental health problems in elderly. As a specialty it has not received much attention in developing countries until recently. Elderly will soon be major consumers of mental health care in developing countries. Common psycho-social issues among the elderly and their impact on the mental health in the developing regions of the world and the complex interplay between physical health and mental health in the elderly are described. Dementia and depression are described in some detail focussing on relevant research to highlight the challenges in developing countries. Potential solutions to address the challenges of elderly mental health in developing countries are discussed.

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Vaitheswaran, Sridhar, and Vaishnavi Ramanujam. "Elderly Mental Health in Developing Countries." INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES 1, no. 01 (July 14, 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/10.32746/ijmhns.2018.v1.i1.7.

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Geriatric Psychiatry deals with specific issues and challenges that arise in the assessment and management of mental health problems in elderly. As a specialty it has not received much attention in developing countries until recently. Elderly will soon be major consumers of mental health care in developing countries. Common psycho-social issues among the elderly and their impact on the mental health in the developing regions of the world and the complex interplay between physical health and mental health in the elderly are described. Dementia and depression are described in some detail focussing on relevant research to highlight the challenges in developing countries. Potential solutions to address the challenges of elderly mental health in developing countries are discussed.

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Boujraf, Saïd, Farida Ajdi, Salma Bensbaa, and Chadya Araab. "Depression and type 2 diabetes in developed and developing countries." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 18, no. 1 (2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.126592.

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Sadaf, Tahira, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal, Fariha Jamil, Muhammad Haseeb Raza, and Adnan Nazir. "Cost of Mental Illness and Depression in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan." Journal of Education and Social Studies 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jess.20223204.

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Depression causes a substantial burden to persons, their beloved ones, and the nations as a whole. Major depression results in disability, high morbidity, high mortality, suicides, physical and mental impairment, and deteriorates the quality of life in a society. Depression is common in developing countries like Pakistan. This study analyzes the economic burden of depression and depressive disorders in Pakistan. The study was conducted in Pakistan’s third largest city, Faisalabad. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. As a first step, hospitals were selected from both the public and private sectors. In step two, respondents were selected and interviewed using a well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Review of literature reveals that the largest share of the burden of depression and depressive disorders is in the form of indirect cost. Direct healthcare cost is mostly in the form of outpatient care, doctor fee, and medicine bills, etc. This study, therefore, estimated both types of costs using cost of illness (COI) analysis. In order to find out the level of depression in patients, the center of epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D) scale was used. Then the direct and indirect cost of depression was estimated. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of health cost, including the level of depression. The direct and indirect costs of depression were 11,108 Pakistani Rupees (PKR) and 4,869 PKR per month, respectively. Results of regression analysis revealed that besides the level of depression, monthly income, age, education, and the number of visits to a doctor’s clinic determine health cost, positively and statistically significant. Additionally, the occurrence of depression and anxiety was evident in adults more than other age groups. Females were suffering from this disorder comparatively more than male respondents. The economic burden related to depression is considerable, especially for those who belong to low-income group. Government should provide facilities for treatment for depression in public hospitals by keeping a special focus on less privileged groups of the population.

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Ferri, Cleusa P., and David Ames. "Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in developing countries." International Psychogeriatrics 16, no. 4 (December 2004): 441–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610204000833.

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Background: Little is known about the prevalence of, or associations with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in developing countries.Methods: Individuals diagnosed as having dementia according to DSM-IV criteria (mild and moderate cases as defined by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale only), together with their main caregiver, were recruited from 21 centers in 17 developing countries. People with dementia were directly assessed with the Community Screening Interview for Dementia and the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS); GMS data were processed by the AGECAT computer program to yield diagnostic information on 8 psychiatric syndromes. Caregivers answered direct questions about behavioral symptoms of dementia (BSD) and completed the Zarit Burden Inventory.Results: At least one BSD was reported in 70.9% of the 555 participants. At least one case-level AGECAT psychiatric syndrome (not including the organic syndrome) was exhibited by 49.5% of people with dementia. Depression syndromes (43.8%) were most common followed by anxiety neurosis (14.2%) and schizophreniform/paranoid psychosis (10.9%). Caregivers were more likely to report BSD in people with dementia who were married, younger and better educated. More advanced dementia, poorer functioning and the presence of depression or anxiety were each associated with BSD. BSD, and psychiatric syndromes (anxiety neurosis and schizophreniform/paranoid psychosis) predicted caregiver strain after controlling for cognitive impairment. BPSD are poorly understood, leading to shame and blame.Conclusions: BPSD are common among people with dementia in developing countries, though we found marked regional variations. Representative population studies are needed to clarify prevalence and impact, but our research suggests considerable unmet need, with much scope for intervention. Raising awareness of the problem should be the first step.

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Rehan, Farah, Alina Qadeer, Irfan Bashir, and Mohammed Jamshaid. "Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 5, no. 8 (July 25, 2016): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v5i8.28875.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased the mortality rate both in developing as well as developed countries, however a lower trend in death rates have been seen in developed and high income countries like USA, UK, Australia, Japan and other European countries due to improved life style, better strategic implementation, control of disease both in young and adults and especially reduced smoking habits. In developing countries CVD become an alarming situation due to prevalence of disease in early age that later on become chronic and difficult to control. Various risk factors that can contribute toward CVD in developing countries include smoking, high alcohol and salt intake, dietary factors, diabetes, high blood pressure and psychosocial aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression. Various other factors such as family history and the gender difference also contributing towards the high risk of developing CVD.Rehan et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2016, 5(8): 69-72http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue8/02.pdf

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Avramovic, Dragoslav. "Depression of export commodity prices of developing countries: What can be done?" Third World Quarterly 8, no. 3 (July 1986): 953–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436598608419932.

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Verdeli, Helen. "Toward building feasible, efficacious and sustainable treatments for depression in developing countries." Depression and Anxiety 25, no. 11 (November 2008): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20536.

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Villegas, Laura, Katherine McKay, Cindy-Lee Dennis, and Lori E. Ross. "Postpartum Depression Among Rural Women From Developed and Developing Countries: A Systematic Review." Journal of Rural Health 27, no. 3 (October 15, 2010): 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00339.x.

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Surkan, Pamela J., Caitlin E. Kennedy, Kristen M. Hurley, and Maureen M. Black. "Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 8 (May 26, 2011): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.11.088187.

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Rahman, A., R. Harrington, and J. Bunn. "Can maternal depression increase infant risk of illness and growth impairment in developing countries?" Child: Care, Health and Development 28, no. 1 (January 2002): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2002.00239.x.

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Fitch, Taylor Jennelle, Jacxelyn Moran, Gabriela Villanueva, Hari Krishna Raju Sagiraju, Mohammad Morshedul Quadir, and Hasanat Alamgir. "Prevalence and risk factors of depression among garment workers in Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764017695576.

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Background: Depression is a growing health issue in both developed and developing countries. General unawareness at the population level, lack of training among health care providers and scarcity of resources including treatment opportunities may conceal the real burden of depression in developing countries, and more epidemiological studies on its prevalence and risk factors are critically needed. Aim: This study reports the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among female garment factory workers in Bangladesh – a major supplier country of clothes for the Western market. This research should generate useful evidence for national and international stakeholders who have an interest in improving health, safety and well-being of outsourced factory workers. Methods: A survey was conducted on a sample of 600 lower socio-economic status working women including garment workers. This survey collected data on demographic and health profile of these workers. The primary outcome was depression as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire 9. It also obtained data on traumatic life events and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: The prevalence of depression was 23.5%: 20.9% among garment workers and 26.4% among others. Part-time employment (odds ratio-OR): 2.36, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01–5.51), chronic pain (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.01–2.78), two or more traumatic life events (OR: 6.43, 95% CI: 2.85–14.55) and dysuria (OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.02–6.15) were found to be significantly associated with depression among these workers in multivariate regression model. Depression prevalene lowered by 11% among these workers for every additional monthly earning of 1,000 taka (US$12). Conclusion: Depression is a multifaceted health issue with many personal, social, economic and health determinants and consequences. This study demonstrates that the prevalence of moderate-to-severe depression among working women in Bangladesh is quite high. Prevention and treatment of depression in developing countries and societies can reduce suffering, lower incidence of suicide, and prevent economic loss. Creating awareness on outsourced workers’ poor mental health may help in developing initiatives to protect and preserve their well-being.

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Chandran, Mani, Prathap Tharyan, Jayaprakash Muliyil, and Sulochana Abraham. "Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 6 (December 2002): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.6.499.

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BackgroundCommunity-based epidemiological data on post-partum depression from developing countries are scarce.AimsTo determine the incidence of and risk factors for developing post-partum depression in a cohort of women living in rural south India.MethodWe assessed 359 women in the last trimester of pregnancy and 6–12 weeks after delivery for depression and for putative risk factors.ResultsThe incidence of post-partum depression was 11% (95% CI 7.1–14.9). Low income, birth of a daughter when a son was desired, relationship difficulties with mother-in-law and parents, adverse life events during pregnancy and lack of physical help were risk factors for the onset of post-partum depression.ConclusionsDepression occurred as frequently during late pregnancy and after delivery as in developed countries, but there were cultural differences in risk factors. These findings have implications for policies regarding maternal and child-care programmes.

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Ranjan, S., A. Bhattarai, and M. Dutta. "Prevalence of depression among elderly people living in old age home in the capital city Kathmandu." Health Renaissance 11, no. 3 (January 17, 2014): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9634.

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Background: There has been a considerable increase in the numbers of older people in the world population of both developed and developing countries. These populations are thought to be at greater risk for depression. Many researches are conducted on physical wellbeing of elderly but studies regarding depression among elderly, especially in old age home is lesser in the developing countries. Objectives: To assess depression among elderly residing in an old age home in Kathmandu and its association with some of the socio-demographic variables. Methods: One hundred fifty elderly people residing in social welfare centre elderly home, Pashupatinath, Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal were selected randomly. Geriatric depression scale (GDS) was applied in all the individuals to assess the prevalence and degree of depression. Results: This study showed that, 47.33% of population had depression. Among the depressed population, 70.42% had mild depression and 29.58% had severe depression. There was significant association between the prevalence of depression and history of physical illness. Conclusion: Depressive disorder is highly prevalent among the elderly population residing in the old age home in Kathmandu with history of physical illness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9634 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):213-218

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KAYA, Abdurrahman. "YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND SOLUTIONS FOR TURKEY." NEW ERA JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL STUDIES 7, no. 14 (July 25, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/newera.188.

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The unemployment problem, which started to become widespread with the Great Depression of 1929, started to affect the whole world with the increase of globalization. Most of the countries' economies have recently turned to struggling with the unemployment problem and have tried to produce policies in this direction. The problem of youth unemployment, which we can consider within the unemployment problem, has emerged as another issue that needs to be struggled for the national economies. The fact that young people, perhaps the most important factor in the development of countries, cannot be included in the market mechanism and remain idle in the economy has created problems for many economies. This research aims to examine the causes of youth unemployment in developing countries and to present rational and original solutions to these problems in Turkey. In this study based on the literature review, the causes of youth unemployment are elaborated by emphasizing the concept of youth unemployment and the structure of youth unemployment, the structure of youth unemployment in developing countries and Turkey has been examined in the light of data from institutions such as TUIK, International Labor Organization and the World Bank and solution proposals that can be used to combat youth unemployment in Turkey are listed. In terms of accepting the data used as more up-to-date, the fact that it covers the years 2000-2020 and that some countries that can be economically and socially equivalent to Turkey have been selected among the developing countries are the limitations of this study. Considering the data obtained, it has been determined that the share of graduates, especially at the higher education level, among the young unemployed is much higher than the graduates with a lower level of education, and this is due to the education-employment relationship.

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Farooq, S. "Collaborative care for depression: a literature review and a model for implementation in developing countries." International Health 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2013): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihs015.

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Dixon, Sara, and Jaya A. R. Dantas. "Best practice for community-based management of postnatal depression in developing countries: A systematic review." Health Care for Women International 38, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 118–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2016.1255213.

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Wang, Cuiyan, Mohammad A. Fardin, Mahmoud Shirazi, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan, Yilin Tan, Linkang Xu, et al. "Mental Health of the General Population during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Tale of Two Developing Countries." Psychiatry International 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint2010006.

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Background: This study aimed to compare the severity of psychological impact, anxiety and depression between people from two developing countries, Iran and China, and to correlate mental health parameters with variables relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although China and Iran are developing countries based on the World Bank’s criteria, these two countries are different in access to resources and health care systems. We hypothesized that Iranians would show higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress as compared to Chinese. Methods: This study collected information related to the COVID-19 pandemic including physical health, precautionary measures and knowledge about the pandemic. We also used validated questionnaires such as the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess the mental health status. Results: There were a total of 1411 respondents (550 from Iran; 861 from China). The mean IES-R scores of respondents from both countries were above the cut-off for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Iranians had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression (p < 0.01). Significantly more Iranians believed COVID-19 was transmitted via contact, practised hand hygiene, were unsatisfied with health information and expressed less confidence in their doctors, but were less likely to wear a facemask (p < 0.001). Significantly more Iranians received health information related to COVID-19 via television while Chinese preferred the Internet (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This cross-country study found that Iranians had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression as compared to Chinese. The difference in reported measures between respondents from Iran and China were due to differences in access to healthcare services and governments’ responses to the pandemic.

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Lee, Kai Wei, Siew Mooi Ching, Navin Kumar Devaraj, Seng Choi Chong, Sook Yee Lim, Hong Chuan Loh, and Habibah Abdul Hamid. "Diabetes in Pregnancy and Risk of Antepartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113767.

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Previous literature has reported that patients with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) are at risk of developing antepartum depression but the results have been inconsistent in cohort studies. We conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to quantify the association between DIP and risk of antepartum depression in cohort studies. Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed databases were searched for studies investigating DIP involving pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus and their risk of antepartum depression that were published in journals from inception to 27 December 2019. We derived the summary estimates using a random-effects model and reported the findings as pooled relative risks (RR) and confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and was quantified by Egger and Begg’s tests. Ten studies, involving 71,036 pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR to develop antepartum depression was (RR = 1.430, 95% CI: 1.251–1.636) among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Combining pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus, they had a significant increased risk of developing antepartum depression (RR = 1.431, 95% CI: 1.205–1.699) compared with those without it. In comparison, we found no association between pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (RR = 1.300, 95% CI: 0.736–2.297) and the risk of developing antepartum depression. This study has a few limitations: first, different questionnaire and cut-off points were used in evaluation of depression across the studies. Second, there was a lack of data on history of depression prior to pregnancy, which lead to confounding bias that could not be solved by this meta-analysis. Third, data were dominated by studies in Western countries; this is due to the studies from Eastern countries failing to meet our inclusion criteria for statistical analysis. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing antepartum depression compared to those without the disease. Therefore, more attention on the mental health status should be given on pregnant women diagnosed with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Kuo, Caroline, Ashleigh LoVette, Dan J. Stein, Lucie D. Cluver, Larry K. Brown, Millicent Atujuna, Tracy R. G. Gladstone, Jacqueline Martin, and William Beardslee. "Building resilient families: Developing family interventions for preventing adolescent depression and HIV in low resource settings." Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518799510.

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Depression contributes significantly to the global burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. In South Africa, individuals may be at elevated risk for depression due to HIV and AIDS, violence, and poverty. For adolescents, resilience-focused prevention strategies have the potential to reduce onset of depression. Involving families in promoting adolescent mental health is developmentally appropriate, but few existing interventions take a family approach to prevention of adolescent depression. We conducted a qualitative investigation from 2013–2015 to inform the development of a family intervention to prevent adolescent depression in South Africa among families infected or at risk for HIV. Using focus groups with adolescents and parents (eight groups, n = 57), and interviews (n = 25) with clinicians, researchers, and others providing mental health and related services, we identified context-specific factors related to risk for family depression, and explored family interactions around mental health more broadly as well as depression specifically. Findings indicate that HIV and poverty are important risk factors for depression. Future interventions must address linguistic complexities in describing and discussing depression, and engage with the social interpretations and meanings placed upon depression in the South African context, including bewitchment and deviations from prescribed social roles. Participants identified family meetings as a context-appropriate prevention strategy. Family meetings offer opportunities to practice family problem solving, involve other family members in communal parenting during periods of parental depression, and serve as forums for building Xhosa-specific interpretations of resilience. This study will guide the development of Our Family Our Future, a resilience-focused family intervention to prevent adolescent depression (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02432352).

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Muñiz, José, Dave Bartram, Arne Evers, Dusica Boben, Kruno Matesic, Kathia Glabeke, José R. Fernández-Hermida, and Jac N. Zaal. "Testing Practices in European Countries." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 17, no. 3 (September 2001): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.17.3.201.

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Summary: Tests constitute one of the technological tools most frequently used by psychologists in their professional practice. Like any other scientific technology, tests can be used both in appropriate and inappropriate ways. Currently, various institutions, both national and international, are developing projects and activities aimed at improving testing practices. In Europe, the Task Force on Tests and Testing created by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists' Associations (EFPPA) designed a questionnaire to sample the opinions of professional psychologists about tests and testing in order to help in making the right decisions for improving testing practices in Europe. This paper presents the results obtained using the EFPPA Questionnaire. A sample of 3,455 Spanish, 2,407 English, 2,079 Dutch, 321 Slovenian, 218 Croatian, and 210 Belgian psychologists responded to the questionnaire. In general, European psychologists show a positive attitude toward tests and testing, while at the same time expressing the need for institutions to adopt a more active role in promoting good testing practices. Results show that the tests most frequently used are intelligence tests, personality questionnaires, and depression scales. Finally, the results are analyzed in detail, and some possible measures for improving testing practices in Europe are discussed.

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HUSAIN, N., F. CREED, and B. TOMENSON. "Depression and social stress in Pakistan." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 2 (March 2000): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700001707.

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Background. The high prevalence of depression in developing countries is not well understood. This study aimed to replicate the previous finding of a high prevalence of depression in Pakistan and assess in detail the associated social difficulties.Method. A two-phase survey of a general population sample in a Pakistani village was performed. The first-phase screen used the Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and the self-rating questionnaire (SRQ). A one in two sample of high scorers and a one in three sample of the low scorers were interviewed using the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (PAS) and Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS).Results. A total of 259 people were screened (96% response rate). The second stage yielded 55 cases, of whom 54 had depressive disorder, and 48 non-cases. The adjusted prevalence of depressive disorders was 44·4% (95% CI 35·3 to 53·6): 25·5% in males and 57·5% in females. Nearly all cases had lasted longer than 1 year. Comparison of the cases and non-cases indicated that cases were less well educated, had more children and experienced more marked, independent chronic difficulties. Multivariate analysis indicated that severe financial and housing difficulties, large number of children and low educational level were particularly closely associated with depression.Conclusion. This study confirms the high prevalence of depressive disorders in Pakistan and suggests that this may be higher than other developing countries because of the high proportion of the population who experience social adversity.

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Moledina, Sibtain M., Khadija M. Bhimji, and Karim P. Manji. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression in an Asian Community in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Psychiatry Journal 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9548471.

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Depression is a common condition in developed countries and is a growing problem in developing countries like Tanzania. Various risk factors have been identified through different studies. This study aimed at finding the prevalence of depression in a predominantly migrant Asian community and the behavioral, familial, social, and medical factors influencing it. A cross-sectional study among adults in a closed Asian community was done. Interviews and self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain details of symptoms and factors related to depression. DSM-IV criteria were used to diagnose depression in the individuals. Factors were assessed for significance using Chi square test. A total 384 participants were interviewed. Depression was found in 6.5% of the population. Risk factors included psychological stress (p<0.001, OR = 6.37, 95% CI = 2.42–16.69) and a family history of depression (p=0.023, OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.02–6.42). A sufficient family income was associated with a lower risk of depression (p=0.013, OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.77). The prevalence of depression is within the range of the worldwide prevalence. Past psychological trauma and a family history of depression were significant risk factors, while a sufficient income was protective.

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Rosmawatia, Indah, and Mahua Das. "Management of perinatal depression by non-health specialist workers in Indonesia." Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhtam.444.

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Perinatal depression has become a public health concern because of the burden of the disease for mother and children as well as the community in large. The management of perinatal depression is needed, yet there is a low-resource of mental health specialist in Indonesia. Psychotherapy interventions by non-health specialist workers in some developing countries have shown benefits for perinatal depression. The study aims to analyze the interventions for perinatal depression by non-health specialist workers based on studies from other developing countries. The type of the study is an in-depth study using secondary data. Data were obtained from online databases, including PubMed, Global Health Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and additional search. The total number of studies found was 743, 705 studies were available for assessment after removing the duplicate, 55 abstracts were reviewed, and 42 studies included. A conceptual framework developed by the author was used to guide data collection and analysis. Psychotherapy interventions implemented in Pakistan, Turkey, China, and India were analyzed using Assessment of Applicability and Transferability criteria. The most applicable and transferable interventions for the management of perinatal depression in Indonesia were Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and participatory women group. This study indicates that interventions by non-health specialist workers could reduce the interventions gap for perinatal depression. The stakeholders are recommended to adapt the interventions into a cultural context and integrate it into existing maternal and child health program.

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Chan, Derwin K. C., Xin Zhang, Helene H. Fung, and Martin S. Hagger. "Does emotion and its daily fluctuation correlate with depression? A cross-cultural analysis among six developing countries." Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 5, no. 1 (2014): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.09.001.

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Aguado, L., A. Porras, P. Calvo, A. Tomita, J. Burns, and J. E. Muñoz-Negro. "Anxiety and Depression in European Immigrants in Africa: Spaniards in South Africa." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1800.

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IntroductionIt is easy to find texts, in scientific literature, studying the adaptation of immigrants from developing countries in western countries. However, in these globalization times that we are living, few are the studies performed on members from developed countries emigrating to the third world.Objectives/AimsTo evaluate the factors predisposing to the onset of anxiety or depression symptoms in Spanish immigrants living in South Africa.MethodsThis is an exploratory study with a sample of 51 Spanish residents in South Africa between 24 and 57 years (44% male, 56% female), 44% of which were living there for more than two years. An online survey was administered, collecting data related to reasons and conditions for their moving to the country and traumatic events living during the stay. For the screening of depression and anxiety symptoms Hopkins Symptom Scale (HSCL-25) was used. Finally, we carried about several analysis using Chi2 test. For statistical analysis SPSS was utilized.ResultsThirty percent of the sample showed positive scores on anxiety symptoms scale, and 24% scored positive for depression. Job related items as being unemployed (P < 0.001) was associated to symptoms of depression. Insecurity/violence (P < 0.021) and race discrimination (P < 0.009) were the main factors related to anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsFactor related to employment, security and discrimination, has been significantly associated to the onset of anxiety and depression symptoms. Other factors related to the moving to the country or social relationships have shown no relations. More studies are needed to provide information about adaptation and factors related to mental health in Occidental immigrants in developing countries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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RAHMAN, A., Z. IQBAL, and R. HARRINGTON. "Life events, social support and depression in childbirth: perspectives from a rural community in the developing world." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 7 (September 25, 2003): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008286.

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Background. High rates of depression associated with childbirth have been reported in many parts of the developing world. However, the prevalence and associations of antenatal and post-natal depression in the rural population remain unknown. Disability associated with depression and its impact on infant health and development could have important public health implications for many developing countries where large proportions of the population are rural.Method. All women living in southern Kahuta, Pakistan, in their third trimester of pregnancy were interviewed at 6 weeks before delivery (N=632) and again at 10–12 weeks after delivery (N=541), using WHO Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), Personal Information Questionnaire (PIQ) and Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ).Results. The point prevalence of ICD-10 depressive disorder was 25% in the antenatal period and 28% in the post-natal period. Depressed mothers were significantly more disabled, had more threatening life events, and poorer social and family support than non-depressed mothers. Vulnerable mothers were more likely to be depressed during pregnancy, rather than have an onset in the post-natal period.Conclusion. Over one-quarter of mothers in a rural sub-district of Pakistan suffer from depression shortly before and after childbirth. Rapidly changing traditional family structures and practices may be increasing the risk of depression in many women. Recognizing and treating depression should be initiated during the antenatal, rather than post-natal period.

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Shrestha, Sunil, and Subish Palaian. "Respiratory concerns of gabapentin and pregabalin: What does it mean to the pharmacovigilance systems in developing countries?" F1000Research 9 (February 25, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21962.2.

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Gabapentin and pregabalin, commonly known as gabapentinoids, have been widely used globally. This paper highlights the serious breathing problems due to using gabapentin and pregabalin which was warned by the United States Food and Drug Administration on December, 2019. In this article, we tried to recommend suggestions for controlling these adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Safety reports of gabapentin and pregabalin should be obtained from concerned manufacturers and reviewed for respiratory depression effects. There should be strict prescription monitoring and drug use evaluation studies. Concurrent use of gabapentin and pregabalin with other respiratory depressants such as opioids should be strictly monitored. Educating patients can help in the early detection of ADRs due to gabapentin and pregabalin. Anecdotal reports on these medications should be encouraged.

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Shrestha, Sunil, and Subish Palaian. "Respiratory concerns of gabapentin and pregabalin: What does it mean to the pharmacovigilance systems in developing countries?" F1000Research 9 (January 22, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21962.1.

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Gabapentin and pregabalin, commonly known as gabapentinoids, have been widely used globally. This paper highlights the serious breathing problems due to using gabapentin and pregabalin which was warned by the United States Food and Drug Administration on December, 2019. In this article, we tried to recommend suggestions for controlling these adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Safety reports of gabapentin and pregabalin should be obtained from concerned manufacturers and reviewed for respiratory depression effects. There should be strict prescription monitoring and drug use evaluation studies. Concurrent use of gabapentin and pregabalin with other respiratory depressants should be strictly monitored. Educating patients can help in the early detection of ADRs due to gabapentin and pregabalin. Anecdotal reports on these medications should be encouraged.

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Kafle, B., V. D. Sharma, S. P. Ojha, M. Chapagain, P. Tulachan, and S. Dhungana. "Prevalence of Depression among elderly living in old age homes of Kathmandu Valley and its association with Sociodemographic variants." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 4, no. 1 (February 21, 2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v4i1.16742.

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Introduction: There has been a considerable increase in the numbers of older people in the world population of both developed and developing countries. The increasing elderly populations are prone to depression. Studies regarding depression among elderly, especially in old age homes is lesser in the developing countries.Objectives: To estimate prevalence of depression among elderly living in old age homes in Kathmandu valley and its association with the socio-demographic variables, individual factors and environmental factors.Method: It is a cross sectional study where 203 elderly people residing in old age homes of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal were selected randomly. Interview was carried out using socio-demographic tool, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), ICD-10 DCR, Duke social support scale, UCLA loneliness scale, and Barthel index was used.Results: This study showed that, 47.3% of population had depression. Among them, 34.0% had mild depression and 13.3% had severe depression. There was significant association between the prevalence of depression, health problems, satisfaction with old age home, loneliness, social support and functional disability.Conclusion: Depressive disorder is highly prevalent among the elderly population residing in old age homes in Kathmandu Valley. This results in lowering their productivity and places burden to family and society. For this reason, concerned authorities should timely address depression in elderly people.

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Dao, An T. M., Van T. Nguyen, Huy V. Nguyen, and Lien T. K. Nguyen. "Factors Associated with Depression among the Elderly Living in Urban Vietnam." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 25, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2370284.

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The proportion of elderly people in big cities of developing countries, including Vietnam, is rapidly increasing during the age of rampant urbanization. This is being followed by a sustained rise of illnesses, especially mental health issues. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between depression and the factors associated with depression among the elderly. In a cross-sectional study, 299 elderly living in Hanoi, Vietnam, were approached for data collection. Self-reported depression among the elderly was 66.9% (32.8% mild, 30.4% moderate, and 3.7% severe cases). In multivariate analysis, there were significant associations between age, number of physical activities, number of medicine intake, and 3 domains of quality of life (physical health, psychological health, and environmental health) and depression. Age and the number of medicine intake are positively correlated with depression, accounting for 57.94% and 58.93%, respectively. On the contrary, the number of physical activities and the 3 domains of quality life mentioned above are negatively correlated with depression. In the urban setting of a developing country like Vietnam, the elderly have experienced common depression. Recognizing depression among the elderly—which is individual and social—helps us design public health programs. Screening for early depression, joining social programming, and participating in physical activities may improve the mental life of the elderly.

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Naeem, Farooq, Waquas Waheed, Mary Gobbi, Muhammad Ayub, and David Kingdon. "Preliminary Evaluation of Culturally Sensitive CBT for Depression in Pakistan: Findings from Developing Culturally-Sensitive CBT Project (DCCP)." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 39, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465810000822.

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Background: There is sufficient research evidence in favour of cognitive therapy in western world. However, only limited research has been carried out on its effectiveness in other countries. It is suggested that adaptations in content, format and delivery are needed before CBT can be employed in non-western cultures. We describe a preliminary evaluation of culturally adapted CBT for depression in Pakistan. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this culturally adapted CBT using a therapist manual. Method: In a randomized controlled trial we compared combination of CBT and antidepressants with antidepressants alone (treatment as usual) in primary care. Referred patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of depression were invited to participate and randomized to the intervention and control groups. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI) were used to measure changes in depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms. Results: Seventeen patients each were randomized to each arms of the trial. Except for financial status there were no differences between the two groups on various demographic variables. Patients receiving CBT showed statistically significant improvement on measures of depression (p < .001), anxiety (p < .001) and somatic symptoms (p < .000) as compared to antidepressant alone group. 82% patients attended six or more sessions of therapy. Conclusions: A culturally sensitive manualized CBT was effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in Pakistan.

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Kohli, Neena, Sarabjeet Kaur Chawla, Aditya Banerjee, and Taru Parnika Srinete. "Ageing in Developing Societies: Issues and Challenges." Psychology and Developing Societies 32, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333620943408.

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Ageing has emerged as a major challenge in several developing societies. With falling fertility rates and increasing longevity as its main drivers, it is expected that by 2050, one in five people of the developing countries will be over 60 years of age. It is argued that on account of this, such societies would further encounter an increased demand for medical treatment, long-term care, financial and emotional support. They also are likely to face an enormous psychological burden. In the context of ageing, the article highlights some of the key issues and challenges encountered by the developing societies. Urbanisation, changing family structure and drifting intergenerational relationships are seen as factors that have led to a multitude of psychological problems like social isolation, loneliness, abuse and discrimination and depression in older adults. The article argues in support of health and other social protective measures and calls for the need to recognise the strengths of older adults with a view to integrate them into the mainstream.

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El Gatit, A. M., and M. Haw. "Relationship between depression and non-adherence to anticoagulant therapy after valve replacement." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 1-2 (April 2, 2003): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.1-2.12.

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Management of anticoagulant therapy after mechanical valve replacement is difficult in developing countries because of patient non-adherence. The effect of depression on adherence to drug therapy and to a clinic visit schedule was evaluated for 62 patients who received prostheses. All were prescribed a once-per-day regimen of warfarin and were scheduled for three appointments at the anticoagulant clinic for dose adjustment at 3-week intervals. According to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, 22 were depressed. Non-depressed patients were more compliant than depressed patients; adherence was inversely correlated with depression scores. While depression had no relationship with age, sex and cardiac symptoms, there was a relationship with anxiety and poor social support

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Diniyah, Kharisah. "GAMBARAN DEPRESI POSTPARTUM DI RSKIA SADEWA." MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN 6, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v6i2.192.

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Background: The incidence of postpartum depression develops during pregnancy or after delivery with a prevalence of 10-15% incidence in developed countries and about 20% -40% in developing countries. Objective: The purpose of this study was to know the description of the incidence of postpartum depression in RS KiA Sadewa Methods: The type of this study was cross sectional with postpartum maternal population in 2 weeks postpartum with the number of 78 respondents. The inclusion criteria of postpartum maternal and postnatal cesarean delivery, postpartum visit and / or infant immunization examination in otpatient Rs KIA Sadewa , and willing to be the respondent by signing the informed concent sheet. The preceding criteria for previous depression, delivery of twins, and complications in the mother and / or infant (preeclampsia / eclampsia, postpartum infections, BB <2500 g) would increase the risk of postpartum depression. Result: The picture of postpartum depression in KIA Sadewa Hospital based on age in respondents <20 years and age 20-35 years found 3 respondents at risk of postpartum depression, based on education on respondents with low education there are 4 respondents at risk of experiencing postpartum depression. Primiparous mother got 5 (11,9%) respondents risked experiencing of postpartum depression, with type of vaginal delivery as many as 4 (11,1%) respondent at risk of postpartum depression Conclussion: Based on the results of this study concluded that postpartum KIA Sadewa women at risk of experiencing postpartum depression, so that early detection and counseling related penatalksanaan postpartum depression. Key word : Depression, postpartum

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Hollifield, Michael, Wayne Katon, and Neo Morojele. "Anxiety and Depression in an Outpatient Clinic in Lesotho, Africa." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 24, no. 2 (June 1994): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/x3xa-lpjb-c3kw-amly.

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Objective: Past studies of psychiatric disorders in primary care in developing countries have utilized measures to determine conspicuous psychiatric morbidity (CPM) rather than diagnoses. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of DSM-III major depression (DEP), panic disorder (PD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in an outpatient clinic in Lesotho, Africa. Methods: As part of a larger community study, we utilized a translated version of the N.I.M.H. Diagnostic Interview Schedule to determine the prevalence of DEP, PD, and GAD in 126 randomly selected outpatients (response rate = 77%) attending a general hospital clinic. We compared these data to information about demographics and symptom presentation. Results: We found twenty-nine (23%) patients with DEP, thirty (24%) with PD, and thirty-six (29%) with GAD. Forty-six (36%) had either DEP or PD, with thirteen (45%) having concurrent illness. Patients with DEP and/or PD presented with a significantly higher number of physical symptoms, and a higher percentage of symptoms that were pain or autonomic nervous system related than patients with no disorder ever. Conclusion: There is significant psychiatric morbidity of common diagnoses in outpatient clinic in Lesotho, and patients present primarily with somatic symptoms, as in developed countries. There is a need for better elucidation of cross-cultural phenomenology, medical co-morbidity as a con-founder, and help-seeking and treatment patterns in the developing world.

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Kauye, F., R. Jenkins, and A. Rahman. "Training primary health care workers in mental health and its impact on diagnoses of common mental disorders in primary care of a developing country, Malawi: a cluster-randomized controlled trial." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001141.

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BackgroundMental health problems are common in primary care, with prevalence rates of up to 40% reported in developing countries. The study aim was to evaluate the impact of a specially designed toolkit used to train primary health care (PHC) workers in mental health on the rates of diagnosed cases of common mental disorders, malaria and non-specific musculoskeletal pains in primary care in Malawi.MethodClinics with out-patient services in the designated district were randomly divided into control and intervention arms. Using a two-phase sampling process, Self-Reporting Questionnaire scores, data on diagnoses made by PHC workers and results of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for depression were collected from 837 consecutively attending adult patients in the pre-intervention study and 2600 patients in the post-intervention study.ResultsThe point prevalence rates for probable common mental disorder and depression were 28.8% and 19%, respectively. Rates for both anxiety and depression diagnoses by PHC workers at baseline were 0% in both arms. Following training, there were significant differences between the two arms in the rates of diagnosed cases of depression [9.2% v. 0.5%, odds ratio (OR) 32.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.4–144.3, p ⩽ 0.001], anxiety (1.2% v. 0%, p ⩽ 0.001) and malaria (31% v. 40%, OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.89, p = 0.01). The intervention arm had more cases diagnosed with depression and anxiety while the control arm had more cases diagnosed with malaria.ConclusionsTraining of PHC workers in mental health with an appropriate toolkit will contribute significantly to the quality of detection and management of patients seen in primary care in developing countries.

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Mahadevan, Sangeetha, Moon Fai Chan, Marzieh Moghadas, Maithili Shetty, David T. Burke, Khalid Al-Rasadi, and Samir Al-Adawi. "Post-Stroke Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms in West Asia, South Asia and Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 3655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163655.

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Recent research has shown that the prevalence of stroke incidents and the number of survivors in developing countries surpass those from developed countries. This study aimed to enumerate the prevalence of post-stroke psychiatric and cognitive symptoms among stroke survivors from West and South Asia and Africa through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data from each country was systematically acquired from five major databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar (for any missing articles and grey literature)). Meta-analytic techniques were then used to estimate the prevalence of various post-stoke psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. A total of 36 articles were accrued from 11 countries, of which 25 were evaluated as part of the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of post-stroke depression as per the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale ranged from 28.00 to 50.24%. Pooled prevalence of post-stroke anxiety based on the HADS and SCAN was 44.19% and 10.96%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment as per the Mini-Mental Status Examination was 16.76%. This present review has suggested that both psychiatric and cognitive symptoms are common among stroke survivors. Concerted efforts are needed to institute robust studies using culturally sensitive measures to contemplate mechanisms that address the unmet needs of this vulnerable population.

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Tsang, Adley, Michael Von Korff, Sing Lee, Jordi Alonso, Elie Karam, Matthias C. Angermeyer, Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes Borges, et al. "Common Chronic Pain Conditions in Developed and Developing Countries: Gender and Age Differences and Comorbidity With Depression-Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Pain 9, no. 10 (October 2008): 883–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.05.005.

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Martínez, Pablo, Graciela Rojas, Vania Martínez, María Asunción Lara, and J. Carola Pérez. "Internet-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of depression in people living in developing countries: A systematic review." Journal of Affective Disorders 234 (July 2018): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.079.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Depressions – Developing countries'

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