Academic literature on the topic 'Depressions – Developing countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Depressions – Developing countries"
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Zahid, Md Abu, HI Lutfur Rahman Khan, Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, Khandker Md Nurush Sabah, SM Eftar Zahan Kabir, Md Hasanur Rahman, Mofazzal Hossain, and Tunaggina Afrin Khan. "Demographic Profile of NSTEMI (Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Patients & Association of ST-Segment Depression and Level of Troponin I with NSTEMI Patient's In-Hospital Outcome." Medicine Today 27, no. 2 (October 22, 2016): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v27i2.30038.
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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains the leading cause of death in the developed world and second leading cause of death in developing countries. Elevated troponin levels and extent of ST-segment depressions are clinically important because they may act as an effective prognostic marker .This cross-sectional study has been designed to see the correlation of ST-segment depression and level of troponin I with in-hospital outcome of NSTEMI patients. The study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of April, 2011- March, 2012. A total of 90 patients were selected by purposive sampling. In this study,the mean ±SD age of the patients was 55.9±9.1 years with a range of 36-80 years with a male -female ratio of 2:1.Over all dyslipidaemia was the most common risk factor present in 55(61.10%) patients followed by smoking in 48(53.3%) patients then obesity in 32(35.60%) then hypertension in 31(34.4%) patients. Troponin I level was significantly high in patients who developed acute LVF (10.36±7.4 vs 7.0124±6.8, p=.027), and cardiogenic shock (13.72±11.37 vs 8.64±7.35, p=.033). Troponin I was significantly high in patients who developed complication (10.72±8.84 vs 6.24±5.41, p=.005) than the patients who were discharged without complication. ST segment depression was significantly more in patients who developed acute LVF(1.07±1.63 vs.55±.74, p=.048). Logistic regression analysis of acute LVF with Troponin I and ST-segment depression showed that ST-segment depression and level of Troponin I were important correlates of acute LVF .Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 14-19
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Đelilović-Vranić, Jasminka. "Transcranial Doppler sonography as diagnostic method." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2, no. 1-2 (February 20, 2002): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2002.3585.
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Having in mind the fact that cerebrovascular disease (CVB) takes today in medicine, in spite of diagnostic and therapeutic modernisation, the third place of mortality causes in the world (behind cordial and malignant diseases, but in front of depressions), and the second place of invalidity cause (right after trauma) as well as the second place of dementia cause (after Alzheimer disease), it urges primary prophylaxis. Developing countries, but before all countries of East and Middle Europe, where is our country, are highly risked areas where CV disease has trend of incidence and total frequency increase. In the neighbouring Croatia today CV disease is at the first place of mortality causes. In the world today 5 million people annually suffer CV disease, in Europe about 700.000, but frequency of suffering on Balkan is about 5 prom. Age of CV disease effecting unfortunately moved towards young age, and today 49% of effected by CV disease are of 46 to 59 years of age. Early detection and treatment of risk factors (before hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, stress and physical non-activities) are the first aspect of CV disease prophylaxis. Together with this aspect of primary prophylaxis is early detection of complications of mentioned risk factors on the walls of blood vessels, before all changing in sense of arteriosclerosis, with consequence of disorder of cerebral haemodynamics. With that objective - verification of circulator and total haemodynamic disorders, there is obvious disclose of non-invasive diagnostic methods, and one of them is Transcranial Doppler Sonography(TCD). TCD is method comfortable for patient, reliable and rather precise, dynamic, and can be repeated several times, without side effects and in comparison with others rather cheap.
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Ben-Ezra, M., and N. Essar. "Depression and anxiety in developing countries." Lancet 364, no. 9444 (October 2004): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17269-3.
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Mafla, Ana Cristina, and Israel Biel-Portero. "Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action." Revista Facultad de Odontología 33, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v33n1a8.
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Introduction: forensic science involves diverse scientific disciplines that apply their particular expertise to the legal and judicial system. However, in the last decades this science has been linked to humanitarian actions and human rights proceedings. Forensic dentistry plays a vital role in personal identification. The lip print analysis is a relatively a simple procedure used in this discipline. It consists of patterns evaluation of cracks in the elevations and depressions on the labial mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the lip print patterns of a southern Colombian population in order to add evidence of preconditions for forensic issues as part of a humanitarian forensic action. Methods: a total of 384 participants ≥ 35 years old were included in this study. The lip prints were analyzed through Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification in order to identify the predominant lip prints in males and females. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the sample characteristics and a χ2 test was performed to analyze independence according to sex variable for these categorical data. Results: the analyses showed that Type I and I’ together were the most commonly lip prints seen in this sample, followed by Type II. There were not statistical differences between males and females. Conclusions: the evaluation of lip prints is a cost-effective method, and it could be an alternative in developing countries, especially in those that address massive violations of human rights.
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Brinson, Mark M., and Ana Inés Malvárez. "Temperate freshwater wetlands: types, status, and threats." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 2 (June 2002): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000085.
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This review examines the status of temperate-zone freshwater wetlands and makes projections of how changes over the 2025 time horizon might affect their biodiversity. The six geographic regions addressed are temperate areas of North America, South America, northern Europe, northern Mediterranean, temperate Russia, Mongolia, north-east China, Korea and Japan, and southern Australia and New Zealand. Information from the recent technical literature, general accounts in books, and some first-hand experience provided the basis for describing major wetland types, their status and major threats. Loss of biodiversity is a consequence both of a reduction in area and deterioration in condition. The information base for either change is highly variable geographically. Many countries lack accurate inventories, and for those with inventories, classifications differ, thus making comparisons difficult. Factors responsible for losses and degradation include diversions and damming of river flows, disconnecting floodplain wetlands from flood flows, eutrophication, contamination, grazing, harvests of plants and animals, global warming, invasions of exotics, and the practices of filling, dyking and draining. In humid regions, drainage of depressions and flats has eliminated large areas of wetlands. In arid regions, irrigated agriculture directly competes with wetlands for water. Eutrophication is widespread, which, together with effects of invasive species, reduces biotic complexity. In northern Europe and the northern Mediterranean, losses have been ongoing for hundreds of years, while losses in North America accelerated during the 1950s through to the 1970s. In contrast, areas such as China appear to be on the cusp of expanding drainage projects and building impoundments that will eliminate and degrade freshwater wetlands. Generalizations and trends gleaned from this paper should be considered only as a starting point for developing world-scale data sets. One trend is that the more industrialized countries are likely to conserve their already impacted, remaining wetlands, while nations with less industrialization are now experiencing accelerated losses, and may continue to do so for the next several decades. Another observation is that countries with both protection and restoration programmes do not necessarily enjoy a net increase in area and improvement in condition. Consequently, both reductions in the rates of wetland loss and increases in the rates of restoration are needed in tandem to achieve overall improvements in wetland area and condition.
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Patel, V. "Depression in developing countries: lessons from Zimbabwe." BMJ 322, no. 7284 (February 24, 2001): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7284.482.
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Sheykhi, Mohammad. "Inevitable aging and the resultant mental disorders In developing countries: a sociological appraisal." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/002.
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Aging is inevitably associated with a large number of body functions including the mental health. In addition to that, heart function, emotions, moods etc. could be mentioned as the results of gradual aging. Such conditions are usually accompanied with increase in medications consumption and decline in quality of life. Though usually medical sciences study mental health conditions, sociology also needs to be applied to appraise the "cause and effect" of mental health. As life expectancy is globally increasing, more and more people are subject to mental disorders, Alzheimer's disorders, dementia, depression and many more, as the effects of aging extensively impact mental health. Therefore, under the conditions of rapid aging, geriatrics needs to be strengthened and improved as much as possible to safeguard mental health. However, structural changes in terms of biological, physical, psychological and chemical reactions which inevitably occur with aging, need prevention and appropriate medication, and other investments in long term, and if not, other vulnerabilities will inevitably appear.
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Sheykhi, Mohammad. "Inevitable aging and the resultant mental disorders In developing countries: a sociological appraisal." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/crct.2020/002.
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Aging is inevitably associated with a large number of body functions including the mental health. In addition to that, heart function, emotions, moods etc. could be mentioned as the results of gradual aging. Such conditions are usually accompanied with increase in medications consumption and decline in quality of life. Though usually medical sciences study mental health conditions, sociology also needs to be applied to appraise the "cause and effect" of mental health. As life expectancy is globally increasing, more and more people are subject to mental disorders, Alzheimer's disorders, dementia, depression and many more, as the effects of aging extensively impact mental health. Therefore, under the conditions of rapid aging, geriatrics needs to be strengthened and improved as much as possible to safeguard mental health. However, structural changes in terms of biological, physical, psychological and chemical reactions which inevitably occur with aging, need prevention and appropriate medication, and other investments in long term, and if not, other vulnerabilities will inevitably appear.
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Shidhaye, PR. "Maternal depression: A hidden burden in developing countries." Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research 4, no. 4 (2014): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.139268.
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Page, S. A. B. "Prospects for Non-Oil Developing Countries." National Institute Economic Review 116 (May 1986): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795018611600104.
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Last year, the unexpectedly slow growth of output in the world economy, and of trade relative to it, reinforced doubts as to whether developing countries would recover from their depression and financing crisis. Since then, the fall in oil prices has altered substantially the outlook for industrial countries. The process of re-examining the prospects for developing countries has scarcely begun.This note describes developments in their trade and financing over the past five years, since the second oil price rise, as background to the judgement that the trends expected previously would have been economically and politically impossible to sustain. It then assesses the prospect now—after the fall in oil prices.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Depressions – Developing countries"
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Chen, Honghong, and 陈泓泓. "The determinants of women's depression and policy recommendations in developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48422630.
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Among all types of psychiatric disorder, depression is the most prevalent one which affect nearly one third of the contemporary adult population. Depression also ranks top with regard to women’s health and is now contributing heavily to the global disease burden. WHO makes clear that the overall rates of women's depression confirmed across all centers are almost 2 times higher than that of men. This review was performed with aim to examine the risk factors of female depression in developing countries. It also focuses on the strategies and policy recommendations for policy makers. In summary, results included poverty, educational level, unemployment, being unmarried, marital crisis, victims of violence, undesired pregnancies, lack of social support, poor relationships with parents and in-laws, history of depression, were associated with perinatal depression. Besides, financial difficulties, not living with parents, lack social support, expose to violence, bad school behavior and maternal depression were associated with female adolescent depression.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Okello, Elialilia Sarikiaeli. "Cultural explanatory models of depression in Uganda /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-823-1/.
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Muhwezi, Wilson Winstons. "The interface between family structure, life events and major depression in Uganda /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-393-1/.
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Silva, Gabriela Andrade da. "Prevalência de depressão pós-parto em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento: contribuições metodológicas de uma metanálise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-24052013-143728/.
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Introdução: A depressão pós-parto (DPP) é um transtorno de humor que pode ocorrer em mulheres no primeiro ano após o parto. Estudos epidemiológicos anteriores apresentaram variações em relação à metodologia adotada e resultados conflitantes quanto à prevalência de DPP. Não há consenso sobre a possibilidade de que a prevalência de DPP seja maior nos países em desenvolvimento do que nos desenvolvidos. Objetivos: Usando revisão sistemática da literatura seguida de metanálise, objetivou-se identificar variáveis regionais e metodológicas dos estudos primários que contribuíram para as diferenças nas prevalências de DPP; e verificar se haveria diferença entre a prevalência de DPP em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, controlando-se variáveis metodológicas. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa documental, para a qual foi realizada busca em 14 bases de dados eletrônicas, usando estratégias com os termos depressão pós-parto e prevalência, sem restrição de tempo. Critérios de inclusão foram aplicados por duas revisoras independentes aos registros obtidos, em três etapas: títulos, resumos e texto completo. Dados sobre a prevalência de DPP e a metodologia adotada foram coletados dos estudos incluídos. A Escala de Loney foi usada para avaliar a qualidade metodológica. Técnicas estatísticas foram aplicadas para analisar a heterogeneidade entre os trabalhos incluídos e sintetizar os resultados, gerando médias ponderadas das prevalências para subgrupos de análise. Um modelo de metarregressão foi construído, tendo as variáveis metodológicas dos estudos como preditores e a prevalência de DPP como variável dependente. Resultados: Foram obtidos 1.881 registros de estudos originais, publicados entre 1980 e 2012, dos quais 778 tiveram o texto completo avaliado e 337 foram incluídos. A qualidade metodológica dos trabalhos foi considerada fraca. A prevalência de DPP variou entre 0,5% em Singapura e 62,8% nos Estados Unidos da América, observando-se alta heterogeneidade. O modelo de metarregressão indicou que as variáveis instrumento para identificar DPP, índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) do país, delineamento de pesquisa e tamanho amostral foram preditores significativos da prevalência de DPP. A cidade onde o estudo foi realizado, inserida como cluster para controlar a dependência entre estudos, foi significativa. Maior prevalência média foi encontrada em trabalhos que usaram instrumentos de autoavaliação para identificar DPP, comparados aos que usaram entrevista clínica; em pesquisas transversais, comparados aos longitudinais; em países com menores IDHs; e em estudos com menor tamanho amostral. Discussão: Foi construído um modelo explicativo da prevalência de DPP a partir de características metodológicas e regionais dos estudos primários, indicando que os métodos empregados nesses estudos geraram vieses nos resultados. Mesmo controlando as variáveis metodológicas, a prevalência de DPP foi mais elevada em países em desenvolvimento que nos desenvolvidos, portanto, aspectos sociais, econômicos e culturais podem ter influência sobre a ocorrência desse transtorno. Conclusões: A DPP foi mais prevalente em países em desenvolvimento do que nos países vii desenvolvidos, mesmo levando em conta características metodológicas dos estudos incluídos. No entanto, essa conclusão não pode ser considerada definitiva, devido à qualidade fraca dos estudos primáriosIntroduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that might occur in women in the first year after delivery. Previous epidemiological studies varied with regards to methodology and showed conflicting results regarding the prevalence of PPD. There is no consensus on whether the prevalence of PPD is greater in developing countries than in developed ones, or not. Objective: Using systematic literature review followed by meta-analysis, we aimed to identify regional and methodological variables of primary studies that contributed to the differences in the prevalence of PPD; and check if there was a difference between the prevalence of PPD in developed countries and developing ones, keeping control of methodological variables. Methods: This thesis made a documental research, which searched 14 electronic databases for specialized studies, using strategies with the terms \"postpartum depression\" and \"prevalence\", without time restrictions. Inclusion criteria were applied for two reviewers to obtained records in three stages: titles, abstracts and full text. Data on the prevalence of PPD as well as methodology from the included studies were collected. The Loney Scale was used to assess the methodological quality. Statistical techniques were applied to analyze the heterogeneity among the included studies and synthesize the results, generating weighted average prevalence subgroups for analysis. A meta-regression model was constructed, using methodological variables of the studies as predictors and the prevalence of PPD as a dependent variable. Results: Records from 1881 original studies published between 1980 and 2012 were obtained, of which 778 were evaluated for full text and 337 were included. The methodological quality of the studies was considered weak. The prevalence of PPD ranged from 0.5% in Singapore to 62.8% in United States of America, observing high heterogeneity. The meta-regression model indicated that the variables tool to identify DPP, human development index (HDI) of the country, research design and sample size were significant predictors of the prevalence of PPD. The city where the study was conducted, inserted as a cluster to control the dependency between studies, was significant. Higher average prevalence was found in studies that used selfassessment tools to identify PPD, compared to those which used clinical interview; in cross-sectional surveys, compared to longitudinal; in countries with lower HDIs, and in studies with smaller sample sizes. Discussion: We constructed an explanatory model for the prevalence of PPD from regional and methodological characteristics of primary studies, indicating that method led to biases in the results of those studies. Even controlling for methodological variables, the prevalence of PPD was higher in developing countries than in developed ones. Therefore, social, economic and cultural rights may influence the occurrence of this disorder. Conclusions: PPD was more prevalent in developing countries than in developed ones, even taking into account methodological issues of the included studies. However, this conclusion cannot be considered definitive, due to the poor quality of the primary studies
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HOANG-VU, EOZENOU Patrick. "Essays on risk-sharing and development." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14186.
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Defense date: 17 June 2010Examining Board: Prof. Morten Ravn, University College London, Supervisor Prof. Stefan Dercon, University of Oxford Prof. Massimiliano Marcellino, EUI Prof. Guglielmo Weber, University of Padova
Individuals living in developing economies are subject to a wide variety of risks. Moreover, since private and public formal institutions designed to help individuals coping with risks tend to be weaker and narrower than in rich countries, these risks very often bear a heavy burden on welfare. If the preferences of agents can be characterized by concave utility functions, these agents will want to spread risk across time and among themselves. We focus here on mechanisms allowing agents to share risk among themselves, and we look more particularly at environments where formal insurance options are incomplete or absent. This thesis offers three chapters which goal is to analyze the extent to which risk sharing is affected by imperfections in the insurance or in the credit markets. In the first two chapters, we take a microeconomic perspective and we examine how rural farmers cope with income shocks in village economies characterized by the absence of formal insurance markets. In the last chapter, we adopt a macroeconomic perspective and we look at the role of the domestic financial sector development in fostering risk sharing through financial integration between countries.
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Kistenmacher, Ann. "Food addiction : a cost-effective treatment proposal within a developing country context." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24503.
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This study explores the possible efficacy of a low carbohydrate and high fat nutritional intervention (LCHF) as a treatment possibility aiming to improve the ability of self-control and regulation in the context of carbohydrate-addiction.
The study first outlines why increased simple carbohydrate consumption has been implicated as a risk-factor in numerous chronic conditions, and then explores the possibility that a reduction of such consumption could lower general medical expenditure in the healthcare sector of already overburdened institutions, especially in developing countries like South Africa. Since the neurobiological evidence for food addiction is compelling, this study investigates the impact of a low carbohydrate and high fat eating (LCHF) regimen by measuring the change in the severity of addictive behaviour in relation to a reduced carbohydrate consumption. Results indicate that a LCHF nutritional intervention lessened addictive behaviour after just 30 days, resulting in a statistically significant decrease in addiction symptoms from day 1 to day 30. The weight and BMI values of the participants recorded at the end of the study showed a reduction from those obtained during the pre- treatment stage, and the self-perceived ‘feeling in control’ also improved in all participants after the intervention.
The introduction of a LCHF nutritional intervention presents a relatively cost-effective treatment and preventative measure to combat carbohydrate over-consumption and its numerous health complications, and it is therefore hoped that the positive findings of this study will foster further research, using larger samples, into this type of nutritional intervention against addictive eating behaviour.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
Books on the topic "Depressions – Developing countries"
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Programme, World Employment. World recession and global interdependence: Effects on employment, poverty and policy formation in developing countries. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1987.
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The Global impact of the Great Depression, 1929-1939. New York: Routlege, 1996.
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Rothermund, Dietmar. The Global Impact of the Great Depression 1929-1939. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.
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Andrea, Cornia Giovanni, Jolly Richard, and Stewart Frances 1940-, eds. Adjustment with a human face. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press, 1987.
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The Depression and the Developing World, 1914-1939: The Depression and the Developing World, 1865-1939, Vol. 2. Routledge, 2006.
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Latham, A. J. H. Depression and the Developing World, 1914-1939. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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Rothermund, Dietmar. Global Impact of the Great Depression 1929-1939. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.
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Rothermund, Dietmar. Global Impact of the Great Depression 1929-1939. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.
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Rothermund, Dietmar. Global Impact of the Great Depression, 1929-1939. Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.
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Global Impact of the Great Depression, 1929-1939. Routledge, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Depressions – Developing countries"
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Hurley, Kristen M., Pamela J. Surkan, and Maureen M. Black. "Maternal Depression and Child Growth in Developing Countries: A Focus on the Postnatal Period." In Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease, 2023–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1795-9_123.
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Lam, Raymond W. "Epidemiology and burden." In Depression, 3–10. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198804147.003.0002.
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Depression is a common condition with a lifetime prevalence of about 15%. People with depression experience significant impairment in psychosocial functioning, particularly in those with a recurrent or chronic course. Depression is now the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Depression is also associated with increased risk of developing a medical illness and an increased risk of overall mortality, even when deaths from suicide are excluded. The economic costs of depression are staggering, largely owing to indirect costs associated with occupational impairment leading to work absence and reduced productivity. Depression remains undertreated, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries, but the World Health Organization has estimated that scaling up of depression treatment returns US$5 for every US$1 spent.
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Hendin, Herbert. "Suicide Prevention International (SPI)." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 785–86. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0094.
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Suicide Prevention International (SPI) was developed with the intention of addressing the increasing rates of suicide and depression worldwide; with a specific focus on developing countries as well as large areas of industrialized countries. The organization is made up of an international network of experts in various areas related to suicide, mental health, and public health. SPI’s scientific advisory council includes representatives from 22 countries with expertise in suicide prevention, public health, healthcare economics, social medicine, youth suicide, suicide in the elderly, and in the problems of those who have lost a loved one to suicide. This chapter provides a description of the organization, as well as the important projects which are being undertaken by SPI in order to treat depression and prevent suicide.
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Rahman, Atif. "Maternal depression and child health: The case for integrating maternal mental health in Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Programmes." In Perinatal Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199676859.003.0014.
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While the physical health of women and children is emphasized in international policy guidelines, the mental dimensions of their health are often ignored, especially in developing countries. However, recent and strong evidence suggests that the mental and physical health of mothers and children is inextricably linked, and the one cannot be possible without the other (Prince et al. 2007). This chapter reviews the evidence and suggests directions for policy and research in this area. Depression is the fourth leading cause of disease burden and the largest cause of nonfatal burden, accounting for almost 12% of all total years lived with disability worldwide. Depression around childbirth is common, affecting approximately 10–15% of all mothers in Western societies (O’Hara and Swain 1996). Epidemiological studies from the developing world have reported increasingly high rates of postnatal depression in diverse cultures across the developing world. An early pioneering study by Cox (1979) in a semirural Ugandan tribe found rates of 10% based on the ICD-8 criteria. Two decades later, a community study by Cooper et al. (1999) in a periurban settlement in South Africa, found rates of 34.7%, an increase of over threefold. Hospital-based studies have found rates of 23% in Goa, India (Patel et al. 2002), 22% in eastern Turkey (Inandi 2002) and 15.8% in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Goubash and Abou-Saleh 1997). A rural-community study in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, reported over 25% women suffering from depression in the antenatal period and 28% in the postnatal period (Rahman et al. 2007). Over half these women were found to be still depressed a year later (Rahman and Creed 2007). A recent meta-analysis shows that the rates in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC) are higher than high income countries, ranging from 18–25% (Fisher et al. 2012). Risk factors identified include previous psychiatric problems, life events in the previous year, poor marital relationship, lack of social support, and economic deprivation. Female infant gender was found to be an important determinant of postnatal depression in India, but not in South Africa. Importantly, postnatal depression was found to be associated with high degrees of chronicity, disability and disturbances of mother–infant relationship.
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Krauss, Priscila, Giovanni Marcos, Lucia Abelha, Leticia Fortes, Jacqueline Fernandes de Cintra Santos, Simone Agadir, Daianna Lima, and Elie Valenci. "Depression During Pregnancy: Review of Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in Developed and Developing Countries." In Psychiatric Disorders - Trends and Developments. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/25741.
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Das, Ramesh Chandra, Amaresh Das, and Frank Martin. "Convergence Analysis of Households' Consumption Expenditure." In Handbook of Research on Global Indicators of Economic and Political Convergence, 1–28. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0215-9.ch001.
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Households' consumption expenditure becomes an important determinant of GDP of a country, particularly when the economy is struck by depression with low levels of private and public investments. So maintaining growth of this head of expenditure over time becomes the crucial agenda of the policy makers all over the world. The present chapter tries to analyze whether the developing countries' levels of households' consumption expenditure are converging to the ones in the developed countries during 1980-2013 in the sample of 40 countries. The study reveals that there is no significant absolute ß and s convergence among either in the cross section or in pooling of the data during the given period. But population growth factor is making the countries converge significantly in conditional sense. By separating the entire data we observe that, for the entire period, the developed countries are significantly converging in absolute sense while the developing countries are not, although there are mixed results in s convergence.
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Islam, Md Aminul, Sarkar Barbaq Quarmal, and Apon Das. "An investigation Into Risks to Mental Health of Bangladeshi Journalists." In Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism, 167–93. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6686-2.ch010.
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Mental health in workplaces is a global concern today, and Bangladesh is not an exception to that. It is a big concern in journalism as good journalism depends on healthy journalists and news organizations. Most of the scholarships on the topic have been done from the perspective of western and developed countries. Little is known about it from the context of developing countries like Bangladesh. As such, the present study aimed at assessing mental health and well-being of professional journalists in Bangladesh. Data were collected through a survey using a semi-structured questionnaire from 191 Dhaka-based journalists reached with the aid of snowball sampling method. Psychometric instruments such as improvised depression scale, the perceived stress scale, Beck hopelessness scale (BHS), and satisfaction with life scale were used to collect data. The results show that most of the journalists perceive their job as highly stressful, suffer from depression up to some extent, are extremely dissatisfied with their life, and severely hopeless about their life and future.
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Laker, Benjamin. "Why Collaboration Needs to Win Over Protectionism." In A New World Post COVID-19. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-442-4/029.
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The Covid-19 virus is severely affecting international trade, creating a negative fiscal outlook. Consequently, the global economy is receiving its sharpest reversal since the Great Depression. As such, we are seeing several countries invoke restrictions or taking action to secure medical supplies. A by-product of this is protectionism. One should worry most about developing countries without any domestic suppliers, who also need critical medical supplies, and who will be locked out, and not access essential equipment, medicines, and basic foodstuffs because of export restrictions set by developed nations. Therefore, collaboration is needed more than ever to ensure economic and societal prosperity throughout the world, rather than within a small number of isolated, prosperous regions.
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Hodges, John R. "Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 4795–809. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.2442.
Full textAbstract:
Dementia is defined as a syndrome consisting of progressive impairment in memory and at least one other cognitive deficit (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, or disturbance in executive function) in the absence of another explanatory central nervous system disorder, depression or delirium. Prevalence—dementia is common, affecting about 8% of all people over 65 years, rising to around 20% of those over 85 years. It is estimated that the 18 million people with dementia worldwide will increase to 34 million by the year 2025, with this increase being most marked in the developing countries....
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Glangeaud-Freudenthal, Nine M. C. "Perceptions of postnatal depression across countries and cultures: From a TransCultural Study of PostNatal Depression (TCS-PND), initiated by Channi Kumar." In Perinatal Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199676859.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Professor Channi Kumar was the initiator and leader of a ‘Transcultural Study of Postnatal Depression within European Health Systems: Harmonisation of research methods and promotion of mother-child health’. A project management team (PMT) was coordinated by Channi Kumar from 1998 until his death in September 2000, and then by Maureen Mark until 2004, and run in collaboration with 19 centres located in 14 countries. Results from the TCS-PND study on ‘Development and testing of harmonised research methods’ were published in 2004 (Marks et al. 2004; Asten et al 2004; Oates et al. 2004; Gorman et al. 2004; Bernazzani et al. 2004; Bifulco et al. 2004; Gunning et al. 2004; Chisholm et al. 2004). The aim of the qualitative part of the TCS-PND project, developed in this chapter, was to explore perceptions of postnatal depression (PND) by: (a) lay and professional key informants, specifically regarding description of symptoms, awareness of this pathology, and of possible care; (b) women, their partners, and their own mothers about their perception of happiness and mental health difficulties and care during pregnancy and postpartum. Most of this methodological section was written in 2001, by Asten and colleagues. Extracts from their text, never published before, are quoted in the following sections. After discussing and after consultation with qualitative research experts, it became clear that the question we wanted to answer was: How do concepts of happiness and unhappiness during pregnancy and after birth differ between countries and cultures. An understanding of what normally makes people happy or unhappy during this period would help us to understand the context of people’s understanding and beliefs about postnatal illness. Furthermore, we wanted to know about related health services and pathways to obtaining care in different countries and cultures. We were interested in the meaning that people give to the concept of postnatal depression phenomena and how these different factors (normal feelings of happiness and unhappiness, cultural influences, knowledge and availability of services) interact to produce that specific meaning. With such an objective in mind, the most appropriate study methodology was therefore a ‘grounded theory’ approach (Corbin and Strauss1990), a general methodology for developing theory that is grounded in data systematically gathered and analysed (Glaser and Strauss 1967).
Conference papers on the topic "Depressions – Developing countries"
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Gencer, Ayşen Hiç, and Özlen Hiç. "A.Smith and the Classical School, K.Marx and the Marxist Socialism, J.M.Keynes and the Keynesian Revolution and the Subsequent Developments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01166.
Full textAbstract:
Adam Smith is known as the founder of economics as a social science and also of economic liberalism (or termed as capitalism after Karl Marx) based on principles of non-intervention and non-protection by the governments to perfectly competitive markets. Over time, economic theory and resulting economic regime evolved: Interventions to improve the welfare of workers; infant-industry argument for limited trade protection; and most importantly, following the 1929 Great Depression, John Maynard Keynes and his macroeconomic system giving rise to less-than-full- employment equilibrium, hence the need for macro-economic level state interventions by means of monetary and fiscal policies. Evidently, liberal economic regime was modified but remained in essence; hence, it proved to be flexible and resilient. On the other hand, Marxist socialism, the doctrinaire challenge to capitalism, had virtually collapsed in the 1990's. The move of even the developing countries towards outward orientation and market economy at the national level is in line with Adam Smith's views; so is the establishment of the European Union and the like at the regional level, as well as the more recent move towards globalisation.
Reports on the topic "Depressions – Developing countries"
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Friedler, Haley S., Michelle B. Leavy, Eric Bickelman, Barbara Casanova, Diana Clarke, Danielle Cooke, Andy DeMayo, et al. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Data Use and Governance Toolkit. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressiontoolkit.
Full textAbstract:
Executive Summary Patient registries are important tools for advancing research, improving healthcare quality, and supporting health policy. Registries contain vast amounts of data that could be used for new purposes when linked with other sources or shared with researchers. This toolkit was developed to summarize current best practices and provide information to assist registries interested in sharing data. The contents of this toolkit were developed based on review of the literature, existing registry practices, interviews with registries, and input from key stakeholders involved in the sharing of registry data. While some information in this toolkit may be relevant in other countries, this toolkit focuses on best practices for sharing data within the United States. Considerations related to data sharing differ across registries depending on the type of registry, registry purpose, funding source(s), and other factors; as such, this toolkit describes general best practices and considerations rather than providing specific recommendations. Finally, data sharing raises complex legal, regulatory, operational, and technical questions, and none of the information contained herein should be substituted for legal advice. The toolkit is organized into three sections: “Preparing to Share Data,” “Governance,” and “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests.” The section on “Preparing to Share Data” discusses the role of appropriate legal rights to further share the data and the need to follow all applicable ethical regulations. Registries should also prepare for data sharing activities by ensuring data are maintained appropriately and developing policies and procedures for governance and data sharing. The “Governance” section describes the role of governance in data sharing and outlines key governance tasks, including defining and staffing relevant oversight bodies; developing a data request process; reviewing data requests; and overseeing access to data by the requesting party. Governance structures vary based on the scope of data shared and registry resources. Lastly, the section on “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests” discusses the operational steps involved in sharing data. Policies and procedures for sharing data may depend on what types of data are available for sharing and with whom the data can be shared. Many registries develop a data request form for external researchers interested in using registry data. When reviewing requests, registries may consider whether the request aligns with the registry’s mission/purpose, the feasibility and merit of the proposed research, the qualifications of the requestor, and the necessary ethical and regulatory approvals, as well as administrative factors such as costs and timelines. Registries may require researchers to sign a data use agreement or other such contract to clearly define the terms and conditions of data use before providing access to the data in a secure manner. The toolkit concludes with a list of resources and appendices with supporting materials that registries may find helpful.
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Friedler, Haley S., Michelle B. Leavy, Eric Bickelman, Barbara Casanova, Diana Clarke, Danielle Cooke, Andy DeMayo, et al. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Data Use and Governance Toolkit. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressiontoolkit.
Full textAbstract:
Executive Summary Patient registries are important tools for advancing research, improving healthcare quality, and supporting health policy. Registries contain vast amounts of data that could be used for new purposes when linked with other sources or shared with researchers. This toolkit was developed to summarize current best practices and provide information to assist registries interested in sharing data. The contents of this toolkit were developed based on review of the literature, existing registry practices, interviews with registries, and input from key stakeholders involved in the sharing of registry data. While some information in this toolkit may be relevant in other countries, this toolkit focuses on best practices for sharing data within the United States. Considerations related to data sharing differ across registries depending on the type of registry, registry purpose, funding source(s), and other factors; as such, this toolkit describes general best practices and considerations rather than providing specific recommendations. Finally, data sharing raises complex legal, regulatory, operational, and technical questions, and none of the information contained herein should be substituted for legal advice. The toolkit is organized into three sections: “Preparing to Share Data,” “Governance,” and “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests.” The section on “Preparing to Share Data” discusses the role of appropriate legal rights to further share the data and the need to follow all applicable ethical regulations. Registries should also prepare for data sharing activities by ensuring data are maintained appropriately and developing policies and procedures for governance and data sharing. The “Governance” section describes the role of governance in data sharing and outlines key governance tasks, including defining and staffing relevant oversight bodies; developing a data request process; reviewing data requests; and overseeing access to data by the requesting party. Governance structures vary based on the scope of data shared and registry resources. Lastly, the section on “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests” discusses the operational steps involved in sharing data. Policies and procedures for sharing data may depend on what types of data are available for sharing and with whom the data can be shared. Many registries develop a data request form for external researchers interested in using registry data. When reviewing requests, registries may consider whether the request aligns with the registry’s mission/purpose, the feasibility and merit of the proposed research, the qualifications of the requestor, and the necessary ethical and regulatory approvals, as well as administrative factors such as costs and timelines. Registries may require researchers to sign a data use agreement or other such contract to clearly define the terms and conditions of data use before providing access to the data in a secure manner. The toolkit concludes with a list of resources and appendices with supporting materials that registries may find helpful.