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1
Page, Stewart. "Depression in men, depression in women, and the depressing nature of theories of depression." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 31, no. 3 (1990): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0078922.
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Klein, Daniel N. "Chronic Depression." Current Directions in Psychological Science 19, no. 2 (April 2010): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721410366007.
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Traditionally, non-bipolar depression has been viewed as an episodic, remitting condition. However, with the recognition that depressions can persist for many years, the current diagnostic classification system includes various forms of chronic depression. The distinction between chronic and nonchronic depressions is useful for reducing the heterogeneity of the disorder. Individuals with chronic depression differ from those with nonchronic depression on a variety of clinically and etiologically significant variables, including comorbidity, impairment, suicidality, history of childhood maltreatment, familial psychopathology, and long-term course. In contrast, there is little support for current distinctions between different forms of chronic depression. This suggests that it may be simpler to collapse the existing forms of chronic depression in the current classification system into a single category. However, there is growing evidence that other characteristics, such as age of onset and a childhood history of early adversity, may provide meaningful approaches to subtyping chronic depression.
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Holden, C. "Depression: the news isn't depressing." Science 254, no. 5037 (December 6, 1991): 1450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1962202.
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Grampp, Peter. "Behandlungsoptionen bei Depression Therapieresistente Depressionen." Die Psychiatrie 13, no. 04 (October 2016): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669706.
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Bo, Yu, Zhang Tao, Zheng Kexun, Zuo Shuangying, Han Xiao, Wang Senlin, and Chen Shiwan. "Enclosed Karst Depression Identification and Analysis for the Pumped Storage Power Station Reservoir Construction Using DEM." Geofluids 2023 (July 22, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4794665.
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An enclosed karst depression, a typical natural negative terrain, has the advantage of less engineering excavation when constructing a reservoir. In this study, the enclosed karst depression and its range identification technique have been developed. What is more, the geometric parameters and spatial distribution of enclosed karst depressions in Anlong County, Guizhou Province of China, have also been analyzed. Results show that (1) the focus statistic method and local terrain contour tree model were developed to identify enclosed karst depression and its range using regular grid DEM data with 12.5 m spatial resolution, which has been applied to enclosed karst depression identification in Anlong County. (2) 7262 independent and nested depressions with an average density of 3.7/km2 were identified by using the proposed method. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed model have been verified through comparative analysis and visual recognition comparison. (3) High-density depression areas (5.6 depressions/km2), medium-density depression areas (2.9 depressions/km2), and low-density depression areas (1.1 depressions/km2) were well classified through kernel density analysis. (4) The geometric parameters of enclosed karst depressions (area, perimeter, circularity, depth, elevation, slope, and volume) were all analyzed in the study area. In addition, an indicator called DCK (depression is caused by karstification) was proposed to evaluate the dissolution degree and karstification stage of the enclosed karst depression. Based on the DCK, we determined that around 2.7% of depressions were identified as middle-stage and suitable for reservoir construction with enough volume and good slope stability. The idea and method in this research could provide a technological support for the engineering utilization of enclosed karst depressions.
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Kharytonov, Volodymyr. "Features of the psychopathological condition of patients with epilepsy and depression in an interictal period." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii 27, no. 2 (99) (June 10, 2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v27-is2-2019-13.
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The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the psychopathological state of patients with epilepsy and depressions of various genesis (organic, psychogenic and endogenous) in the interi ctal period. Were investigated the severity and structure of psychopathological manifestations, as well as separately the level and structure of anxiety in patients with epilepsy depending on the form of depression in a comparative aspect with patients with epilepsy without signs of depression. According to the selected forms of depression, are analyzed the severity and structural features of depressive symptoms. Was established that patients with depressions are characterized by more pronounced and diverse psychopathological manifestations, in the structure of which, apart from depressive manifestations, anxious and psychosomatic symptoms are formed (with organic and psychogenic depressions); as well as asthenic manifestations, a decrease in the level of interpersonal interaction and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (with endogenous depressions). Is determined the highest level of psychopathological distress in patients with epilepsy with endogenous depressions. Key words: epilepsy, organic depression, psychogenic depression, endogenous depression, interictal period, psychopathological condition, anxiety, depressive manifestations.
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Thomas, Dr Abel Abraham. "POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION." INDIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND SCIENCE 7, no. 4 (September 2020): 2359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2020.7.3.4.
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Omelchenko, M. A. "Clinical Features of Youth Depression with Attenuated Symptoms of the Schizophrenic Spectrum." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-16-25.
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Objective: establishment of clinical and psychometric features of youth depression with attenuated symptoms of the schizophrenic spectrum (ASSS) for early differential diagnosis and nosological assessment.Patients and methods: clinical and psychometric examination of young 219 inpatients (average age 19.6 ± 2.4 years), first admitted to the clinic “Mental Health Research Centre” from 2011 to 2020 with the first depressive episode with ASSS. Control group of inpatients (52 patients) with “classical” youth depressions without ASSS (average age 19.6 ± 2.4 years). Diagnosis according ICD-10: F32.1, F32.2, F32.28, F32.8.Results: the psychopathological structure of youth depression with ASSS is characterized by the following types: (1) depression with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS), which were divided into the subtype (1a) depression with APS and (1b) depression with brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS); (2) depression with attenuated negative symptoms (ANS), comprising two subtypes (2a) with most emotional damage and (2b) with volitional impairment, and type (3) with attenuated symptoms of disorganization (ASD) in the structure of depressive episode. Clinical and reliable psychometric differences have been established between depressions with ASSS and «classical» youth depressions without ASSS. Conclusions: youth depression with ASSS is definitely different from “classical” youth depression without ASSS. Differences have been found in the psychopathological structure of youth depression with ASSS, resulting in a typological differentiation.
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Zeng, Lan, Haoyong Shen, Yali Cui, Xuefeng Chu, and Jingli Shao. "Incorporating the Filling–Spilling Feature of Depressions into Hydrologic Modeling." Water 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040652.
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Surface depressions are one of the important impact factors of hydrologic processes and catchment responses. However, in many hydrologic models, the influence of depressions is often simulated in a lumped manner, which results in the insufficient characterization of the filling–spilling–merging–splitting dynamics of depressions and the threshold behavior of the overland flow. The objective of the research reported in this paper is to improve the simulation of depression-influenced hydrologic processes by capturing the threshold control of depressions. To achieve this objective, a Depression-oriented Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT-D) is developed. Specifically, the intrinsic changing patterns of contributing area and depression storage are first determined and further incorporated into the SWAT to simulate the filling–spilling of depressions and depression-influenced overland flow dynamics. The SWAT-D was applied to a depression-dominated watershed in the Prairie Pothole Region to evaluate its performance and capability. The simulated and observed hydrographs at the watershed outlet showed good agreement, with only a 7% deviation between the simulated and observed volumes of discharges in 2004. The NSE values for the simulated monthly average discharges during calibration and validation periods were 0.78 and 0.71, respectively, indicating the ability of the SWAT-D in reproducing the depression-influenced catchment responses. In addition, the SWAT-D was compared with other depression-oriented modeling techniques (i.e., the lumped depression approach and probability distribution models), and the comparisons emphasized the improvement of the SWAT-D and the importance of the research reported in this paper.
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Beattie, Jodi C., and Russell L. Elsberry. "Western North Pacific Monsoon Depression Formation." Weather and Forecasting 27, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 1413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00094.1.
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Abstract Relatively few studies have been carried out as to the conditions leading to the formation of monsoon depressions in the western North Pacific. Two monsoon depression formations during July 2007 were analyzed using ECMWF analyses and satellite observations. Wave-activity flux calculations indicated that cross-equatorial flow from the Southern Hemisphere played an important role in the formation of these monsoon depressions. A new conceptual model of monsoon depression formation in the western North Pacific is proposed that includes three southerly airstreams in the Southern Hemisphere that lead to cross-equatorial flows into the Northern Hemisphere. Examination of 44 monsoon depressions from April to December 2009 confirms the critical role of these cross-equatorial flows in monsoon depression formation. All of the monsoon depressions in the 2009 sample for which formation conditions could be established had at least one of three possible airstreams that interacted with a confluent region and, thus, may be a necessary condition for monsoon depression formation. This conceptual model of monsoon depression formation was further confirmed by means of wave-activity flux calculations and backward trajectory ensembles for the 2009 cases.
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Paykel, E. S. "Which depressions are related to life stress?" Acta Neuropsychiatrica 14, no. 4 (August 2002): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140402.x.
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This paper examines the relationship of recent life events to specific kinds of depression using published studies and the author's own work. An overall effect of life events on depression has been found consistently and is moderate in degree. In suicide attempts there are stronger and more immediate effects than in depression. Life events precede both non-melancholic and melancholic depressions. It is only in recurrent depressions that life events are less common with melancholic pictures. Life events influence bipolar disorder as well as unipolar. Mania may be preceded by life events, particularly those involving social rhythm disruption, but it is harder to rule out events which are consequences of insidious development of illness. There are strong effects of life events and social support in postpartum depressions but in postpartum psychoses these effects are absent. Events precede depression comorbid with other disorders as well as pure depression. The course of depression is also influenced by life stress with less remission where negative events occur after onset and better outcome where earlier adverse events are neutralized. Relapse is related to immediately preceding life events. However, where depressions are both severe and recurrent life stress effects weaken and as the number of episodes increases preceding life events lessen. These findings suggest that some kinds of depression are more related to psychosocial causation and some are more biological in origin.
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Barkhatova, A., and S. Sorokin. "Differences in the dynamics of schizophrenia with the formation of episodic and persistent apathetic depressions." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (April 2024): S752—S753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1566.
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IntroductionApathy in endogenous depressions is a complex mental phenomenon (it is characterized by indifference and loss of interests, reduced incentives and motivation, decreased mental and physical activity). Apathy becomes the cause of pronounced social maladaptation and untimely seeking medical help. Different depressions vary in psychopathological features of apathy, in addition, there are also different dimensions of the general dynamics of endogenous disease.ObjectivesStudy of the features of the course of schizophrenia, in which apathetic depressions develop with episodic and persistent type of dynamicsMethodsThe study included 36 patients (15 men, 21 women, average age 34.9 years) with schizophrenia. In 17 cases, apathetic depressions occurred as short-term episodes, in 19 cases, depression took a persistent (close to chronic) course.Results Schizophrenia with an episodic type of dynamics of apathetic depressions was characterized by: the predominance of cases with early onset of the disease; alternation of apathetic and other type depressions; equal occurrence of mono- and bipolar types of desease; low severity of negative symptoms and slight changes in social and labor functioning. Apathy has always been present during the whole lenght of depression, its picture was dominated by a motivational decline. The studied cases were prognostically favorable. The features of the course of schizophrenia with chronic apathetic depression were: hyperthymic (10 out of 19 observations) and sensitive schizoid (6 out of 19 observations) premorbid personality; bipolar forms of the disease (94.7%, p < 0.05); the predominance of apathetic depression over other depression types, atypical form of depression; short duration of remissions; frequent course of the disease with the presence of only apathetic depressions (12 out of 19, 63.1%, p < 0.05); significant severity of negative symptoms. Apathy occupied only as a part of the duration of the state, as a rule, after anxiety depression. The picture of apathy was dominated by a decrease in initiative or motivation. This clinical group is the most prognostically unfavorable.ConclusionsSchizophrenia, occurring with the presence of persistent forms of apathetic depression, has a greater impact on the functioning of patients and has a less favorable prognosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Gottschalk, Louis A. "On Shame, Shame-Depression, and Other Depressions." Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 64, no. 3 (August 2001): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.64.3.225.18465.
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Araya Vergara, José F. "Análisis de la carta geomorfológica de la cuenca del Mapocho." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 32 (January 1, 1985): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.1985.27693.
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The Mapocho basin (Central de Chile) is divided into two morphotectonic styles by the Mapocho fracture. ln the northern section, of the Santiago depression an intense monoclinal warping anda deep alveolar excavation evidence important uplift of the western border. ln the southern section, the asymetry is stronger than the former one and inverse, giving a fault angle depression. This fracturation of the depression's bottom has affected both the conditions of sedimentation and the drainage patterns, causing antecedence phenomena and antagonistic effects between tectodynamics and external morphogenesis. Concerning present tectonics and seismicity, the presence both of different tectonic compartments and depositional landforms in the depression, is possibly more important than the faults themselves in the explanation of the distribution of seismic intensities. ln the northern section of the depression there is a characteristic combination between alluvial cones and "glacis" (bahadas). Moreover, marshy terraces correspond to bad drainage conditions. ln the southern section, in exchange, the central compartments are occupied by proximal cones and dista1 terraces. Slopes are presented as slope systems anda new classification supported on the structure and the external dynamics is used. At the same time, the concept of dissection balance allows relate slopes and talweg dynamics. Therefore, it can be known if the more important morphogenetic processes are present or ancient. So, the fluvial landforms at the depression's bottom are inherited. In the present conditions it is unlikely the transport of coarse sediments from the high mountain toward the depression. Moreover, the torrentialand sheet wash morphologic systems are also inherited. Present through put of material from active slopes toward beds and depressions is possible only during heavy storms of rain y years.
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Galant, Yves. "Wuth (Beitrag zur medikamentosen Therapie von Depressionszustan den. Knoll’s Mitt. № 3. 1933)." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 10 (January 12, 2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj90160.
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Wuth (Beitrag zur medikamentosen Therapie von Depressionszustan den. Knoll's Mitt. No. 3. 1933) provides an overview of the drug treatment of various states of depression: true endogenous depression (melancholy), reactive depression and psychogenic depression. The former arise from unknown causes; the second group also refers to endogenous depressions, but with them there is a provoking mental cause.
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Joyce, Peter R. "Neuroendocrine Changes in Depression." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 2 (June 1985): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678509161309.
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Biological research in depression has concentrated on ‘endogenous’ depressions and over the past 30 years has been guided by the amine theory. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in depression have been reported for over 20 years and include changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid axes, in growth hormone and prolactin secretion. As neurotransmitters regulate neuroendocrine secretion, inter-relationships between neurochemical and neuroendocrine abnormalities may provide a window for understanding the pathophysiology of depression. The availability of these biological markers for depression opens new possibilities for research in psychiatric diagnosis and for management.
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Gedevani, E., G. Kopeiko, O. Borisova, T. Vladimirova, E. Smirnova, and V. Kaleda. "Depressions with religious experiences." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.567.
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Introduction Despite a significant number of studies devoted to the relationship between depression and religiosity, the diagnosis of depression in religious patients is complicated due to the insufficiently studied psychopathology and the peculiarities of the patient’s experiences. Objectives To determine the specific features of psychopathology and phenomenology of depression, masked by a “religious facade”, for timely diagnostics and prevention of suicidal behavior. Methods One hundred and fifteen religious (orthodox) inpatients (41 male, 74 female) with depression (F31.3, F31.4, F 32.1., F 32.2, F 33.1, F 33.2 according to ICD-10) were examined. Psychopathological method, HAM-D, SIDAS and statistical analysis were applied. Results Five types of depression were specified, which differed in psychopathological structure and content of the religious experiences. Overvalued ideas of guilt and sinfulness were predominant in melancholic depressions, ideas of God-forsakenness and the loss of “living” faith - in apathetic. Depressions with overvalued doubts whether the right faith and confession has been chosen accompanied with anxiety, melancholy and apathy. It should be specially mentioned apathetic and melancholic depressions characterized by “spiritual hypochondria” with specific cenesto-hypochondrical symptomatology. Melancholic depressions characterized by high suicidal risk prevailed (65%) over the other depressions. Conclusions Depressions masked by a “religious facade” often are not recognized due to specifical content, which results in lack of timely diagnostics and creates a high risk of suicidal behavior. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Bartova, Lucie, and Siegfried Kasper. "CHRONOBIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION." Psychiatria Danubina 33, no. 3 (November 17, 2021): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2021.446.
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Stavrakaki, Chrissoula, and Beverley Vargo. "The Relationship of Anxiety and Depression: A Review of the Literature." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 1 (July 1986): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.1.7.
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The nature of the relationship between anxiety and depression has been much debated. The research in the past 15 years is reviewed in the context of three conceptual models: (a) anxiety and depression differ quantitatively; (b) anxiety and depression differ qualitatively; and (c) combined anxiety and depression syndromes (anxious depressions) differ both quantitatively and qualitatively from either pure anxiety or pure depression. The major areas of research—phenomenological, treatment, course and outcome—are considered and findings in support of each position reviewed.
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Sharp, Susan L. "Depression and Manic Depression." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 41, no. 11 (November 2003): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-20031101-16.
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Long, Gary L., William J. Newman, Greg L. Klunder, and Jim Mahaney. "The Phosphine Depression in Flame Atomic Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 2 (February 1987): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370287774986697.
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The presence of PH3 in C2H2 can cause serious depressions of analyte atomic signals in air/C2H2 and N2O/C2H2 flames. In elements other than those in group 1a and 1b, a refractory metal-phosphorus-oxygen compound is formed during analyte desolvation and appears to slow the vaporization process. Data is presented describing the magnitude of the PH3 depression for elements routinely determined in these flames. The effects of the PH3 depression for these elements are compared to H3PO4 depressions, and the success of using chelating agents (EDTA) to reduce the depression is explored. Deviations from mathematical models describing the PH3 effect are discussed, and the possibility of incomplete PH, combustion occurring in the flames is explored.
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Grande, Lucinda A., and William J. Spain. "Synaptic Depression as a Timing Device." Physiology 20, no. 3 (June 2005): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00006.2005.
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A depressing synapse transforms a time interval into a voltage amplitude. The effect of that transformation on the output of the neuron and network depends on the kinetics of synaptic depression and properties of the postsynaptic neuron and network. Using as examples neural circuits that incorporate depressing synapses, we show how short-term depression can contribute to a surprising variety of time-dependent computational and behavioral tasks.
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Hollon, Steven D. "The efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for depression: where we are now and where we are going." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 25, no. 4 (August 27, 2015): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015000748.
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Depression is an eminently treatable disorder, although estimates of treatment efficacy have been inflated by publication bias. Patients with less severe depressions respond to even nonspecific interventions, whereas patients with more severe depressions require treatments that mobilize specific mechanisms. The cognitive and behavior therapies can be as efficacious as medications in the treatment of severe depression and have an enduring effect that medications lack. Medications may interfere with those enduring effects when added in combination and may prolong the life of the underlying episode when used alone. Thus the cognitive behavioral interventions might be the optimal first-line treatments for depression.
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Meijer, Eva. "The Melancholic Animal — On Depression and Animality." Humanimalia 11, no. 1 (September 12, 2019): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9480.
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The phenomenon of depression fundamentally challenges common western ideas about what it means to be human, such as Cartesian distinctions between body and mind, and existing notions of rationality, autonomy and agency. Like madness more generally, melancholy and depression are historically shaped constructions, which interconnect at several points with constructions of animality. Focusing on these connections is helpful for rethinking depression in the human case, and for understanding nonhuman animal depression. Other animals are often neglected in studies of depression, even though they may from it too and human and animal depressions are often related, symbolically and practices. Examining the psycho-geographical dimensions of depression in connection to animality can contribute to a different discourse, aimed at interspecies healing.
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Starovoitova, T. "Influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecology of Melanocorypha calandra and Alauda arvensis in depressions of Dnipro — Molochna." Balanced nature using, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2021.237997.
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The research was carried out for 3 years in the steppe biotopes of the bottoms of the Ahaymany, Barnashivsky, Green, Big Chapelsk, and Small Chapelsk depressions of the Dnipro — Molochna interfluve. Based on visual inspection and processing of space images, the degree of anthropogenic transformation of these ecosystems is analyzed. The highest percentage of plowing is characteristic of the Ahaymany depression, which occurred in the last 10 years. Among the factors that significantly affect the nesting birds of the steppe complex are also the continuous low mowing of grass (Green depression) and overgrazing of livestock — Small Chapelsk depression. The nesting density of background steppe species was determined, the highest density of Alauda arvensis in different years is characteristic of Ahaymany (245,2 pairs/km2) and Barnashivsky depression (211,2 pairs/km2), and Melanocorypha calandra — for the Big Chapelsk depression (140,1 pairs/km2). Stable is only the territory of the Big Chapelsk depression the protected regime under moderate grazing load of wild ungulates. A positive correlation was established between the values of steppe habitat area and Alauda arvensis nesting in the Ahaymany, Barnashivsky, Small Chapelsk, and Green depressions and, accordingly, a negative dependence for Melanocorypha calandra.
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Migalina, V. V. "Youth Chronic Endogenous Depression in Disorders of the Affective and Schizophrenic Spectrum." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-54-62.
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Background: chronic endogenous depression in youth has a number of features associated with their severe atypia, work and social maladjustment, deterioration in the quality of life, high risk of suicidal and self-injurious behavior, difficulties in choosing therapy, difficulty in diagnosis and nosological evaluation. Until now, no special research has been done on chronic endogenous depression among young people of this age.Purpose of research: to identify psychopathological features and dynamics of endogenous depression developed in youth, to work out a clinical typology. Patients: 62 young patients (16–25 years old) were clinically and psychopathologically examined, who were first admitted to FSBSI MHRC, within the period of 2017 to 2020 suffering from chronic endogenous depression state for more than two years. Clinically significant somatic, neurological, and mental pathology defined the criteria for exclusion.Methods: for the research the clinical-psychopathological and psychometric methods were used. The patients were examined by the psychometric method upon admission to the hospital and at the stage of reduction of psychopathological disorders upon discharge: the HDRS, SANS and SOPS scales included.Results and conclusion: the clinical picture of youth chronic endogenous depression is characterized by pronounced polymorphism, atypia, erosion of the thymic component, and the dominance of negative affectivity. Based on the analysis of psychopathological characteristics of endogenous depression in youth, two typological varieties were identified: unitary depressions (type I) and supplementary depressions (type II). Among the type II depressions, 2 subtypes were distinguished: with neurosis-like disorders and with psychopathic-like disorders.
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Travella, Javier I., Alfred W. Forrester, Susan K. Schultz, and Robert G. Robinson. "Depression following Myocardial Infarction: A One Year Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 24, no. 4 (December 1994): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/u8r0-a61y-akrp-t24v.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the course and clinical correlates of depression during the first year after myocardial infarction. Method: A group of seventy patients hospitalized for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) were assessed for the presence of mood disorders during their hospital admission and at three, six, nine, and twelve months follow-up. Patients were evaluated and diagnosed using the Present State Examination and DSM-III criteria. Impairment in activities of daily living was measured by the Johns Hopkins Functioning Inventory and impairment in social functioning was measured by the Social Functioning Examination. Results: A total of twenty-four patients met DSM-III criteria for major depression at some time during the study (18 in the acute stage, 6 during follow-up). There were two patients with minor depression (dysthymia) at intake and six developed minor depression during the follow-up period. The median duration of major depression was 4.5 months. Patients with depression at intake had greater impairment in activities of daily living than non-depressed patients. Depressions lasting more than six months were more likely to be anxious depressions than those lasting less than six months. After the acute MI period, there was a consistent relationship between the existence of depression and impaired social functioning. Conclusions: This is a pilot study and needs further replication due to the low rate of follow-up participation. However, these data suggest that there may be two types of depression following MI: an acute depression associated with greater functional impairment, and a prolonged depression that may be associated with inadequate social support.
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Mahmutović, Jasmina, Aida Rudić, Fatima Jusupović, Arzija Pašalić, and Refet Gojak. "Prevalence of depression in residents of gerontology centre in Sarajevo." Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2012): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2012.62.
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Introduction: Depressive disorder, as a major problem of public health, takes high fourth place in its prevalence in general population, and is considered to be the second most frequent health problem of femalepopulation. Depression is the most frequent mental problem of persons in their third age of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate prevalence of depression and establish the ratio between the current number ofdiagnosed and of unrecognised depression among the residents of Gerontology Centre in Sarajevo.Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study undertaken throughout May and June 2011 on the sample of 150 residents of “The Gerontology Centre“ in Sarajevo that were above 65 years of age. The following instruments were used for the research: the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), modified questionnaire consisting of two parts (general data and data related to health state), and the medical records of the residents. For statistic analysis of data was used the SPSS program for Windows.Results: According to GDS, prevalence of depression was 65.3%, out of which mild depression occurred in 46.7% cases and severe depression in 18.7%. The prevalence of verified (diagnosed) depression was 11.3per cents.Conclusions: According to the GD scale, unrecognised depressions seem to be almost six times more frequent (65.3:11%) than is the case with depressions diagnosed in medical records of the protégées of theGerontology Centre in Sarajevo. Timely recognition of depression and its treating in institutions for protection of health of persons in third age of life can substantially improve the quality of life of these patients.
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Wang, Xiaobo, Caineng Zou, Jian Li, Guoqi Wei, Jianfa Chen, Zengye Xie, Zhisheng Li, et al. "Comparison on Rare Gas Geochemical Characteristics and Gas Originations of Kuche and Southwestern Depressions in Tarim Basin, China." Geofluids 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1985216.
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The Kuche Depression is considered as the most important gas resource potential and gas exploring area with great gas resource potential and prospect in the Tarim Basin. Based on geochemical experimental analyses and comprehensive geological studies, the general geochemical characteristics of molecular and isotope compositions of rare gases as well as hydrocarbon gases and nonhydrocarbon gases are comparatively studied in the Kuche and Southwestern Depressions. Then, their genetic types are separately identified and gas originations are comprehensively discussed. The main results are as follows. (1) Gas fields in the Kuche Depression have a higher methane abundance, accompanied with low N2and CO2abundances, but the Akemomu gas field in the Southwestern Depression has a relatively lower average methane abundance, accompanied with high average N2and CO2abundances. The helium abundance of natural gases in gas fields from the Kuche Depression general has 1 order of magnitude higher than the air value. Comparatively, it has more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than the atmospheric value in the Akemomu gas field from the Southwestern Depression. The neon, argon, krypton, and xenon abundances in both Kuche and Southwestern Depressions are lower than the corresponding air values. (2) Natural gases from gas fields in the Kuche Depression and the Southwestern Depressions are generally typical coal-formed gases. The rare gases in the Kuche Depression have typical crustal genesis, mainly deriving from the radioactive decay of elements in the crust, while in the Akemomu gas field from the Southwestern Depression, the rare gases have main crustal genesis with a proportion of 92.5%, probably accompanied with a little mantled genetic contribution. (3) Natural gases in the Kuche Depression are generally derived from coal measure source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic, which principally originated from Jurassic in strata period and coals in source rock types. The Jurassic source rocks account for 55%-75% and the Triassic source rocks account for 25%-45% approximately, while coals occupy 68% and mudstones occupy 32% separately. Natural gases from the Akemomu gas field in the Southwestern Depression mainly originated from humic mudstones of marine and continental transitional source rocks of Carboniferous to Permian.
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Katayama, Yasuo, Kazuhiro Usuda, Yasuhiro Nishiyama, and Kenichiro Katsura. "Post-stroke depression." Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 40, no. 2 (2003): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.40.127.
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Kharytonov, Volodymyr. "Analysis of the emotional state of patients with epilepsy and depression in interactal period." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii 27, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v27-is3-2019-8.
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The paper presents the results of the analysis of the emotional state of patients with epilepsy and depressions in the interictal period. Was analyzed the entire spectrum of aff ective manifestations (positive and negative emotional reactions), and were separately investigated the structural features of anxiety. It has been established that in the structure of the emotional state of patients with epilepsy, both with depressions and without, is noted the presence of negative aff ectivity in the form of reactions of tension, anxiety, anger, and frustration. The specifi c character of the emotional state of patients with epilepsy with depressions lies not so much in the representation of specifi c negative emotional states, but in the range of their severity. The emotional state of patients with epilepsy and depressions is represented by extremely negative emotional reactions, among which the most pronounced and characteristic of all forms of depression is the feeling of sadness. The specifics of the emotional state are determined depending on the form of depression: against the background of the state of sadness, with organic depression in the aff ective state, dominates the feeling of fatigue; with psychogenic — tension and anxiety; with endogenous — self-deprecation. Were distinguished the structural features of anxiety in patients with various forms of depression, was noted its high level in psychogenic depressions.
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Saklofske, D. H., I. W. Kelly, and B. L. Janzen. "Neuroticism, depression, and depression proneness." Personality and Individual Differences 18, no. 1 (January 1995): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)00128-f.
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Möller-Leimkühler, A. "Männer, Depression und „männliche Depression”." Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie 77, no. 07 (April 1, 2009): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1038257.
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Andreasen, N. C., W. M. Grove, J. Endicott, W. H. Coryell, W. A. Scheftner, R. M. A. Hirschfeld, and M. B. Keller. "The phenomenology of depression." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, no. 1 (1988): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00001267.
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SummaryWhile some investigators believe that the concept of depression is a continuum with mild and severe forms reflecting essentially the same entity, most suspect that the concept is instead heterogeneous and consists of a group of discrete subtypes. If this is so, identifying subtypes is a major priority. Ultimately such subtypes must be understood in terms of their underlying neural and even molecular mechanisms. Yet in order to search for such mechanisms, we still must begin with clinical phenomenology.Two major subtypes of serious depressions have been proposed. Endogenous or melancholic depression is one, while bipolar depression is another. Thinking about both these subtypes tends to assume an underlying biogenic mechanism that is relatively autonomous, although not necessarily free of environmental influences.This paper examines a series of attempts to identify discrete subtypes of depression. One approach, used in a series of investigations, involves the use of mathematical techniques such as cluster analysis in order to identify phenomenologically similar subgroups within the depressive spectrum. This approach has consistently identified a melancholic or endogenous syndrome. Our attempts to validate the concept of endogenous depression through examining external correlates, such as family history, have been less successful.An alternate method for subtyping depression stresses that the bipolar subtype represents a discrete form of severe endogenously caused depression. We bave examined the phenomenology of bipolar versus unipolar depression and found it to differ significantly in a number of respects. Thus, endogenous depression and bipolar depression may represent different phenontena.
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Wu, Jingfeng, Qi'an Meng, Xiaofei Fu, Yuling Ma, Meifeng Sun, Ning Sun, and Wancang Tan. "Study on the relationship between multi-stage strike-slip mechanism and basin evolution in Fangzheng fault depression." Earth Sciences Research Journal 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n4.77380.
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Fangzheng fault depression is controlled by the northern of the Tan-Lu fault zone. It undergoes multi-stage strike-slip, extrusion modification, and erosion of the thermal uplift, forming a tectonic pattern of uplifts connected with sags. Through the regional dynamic analysis, the study of the activity law of the western Pacific plate has clarified the formation and transformation of the regional tectonic stress field. Under the background of the multi-stage of the strike-slip mechanism in the northern part of the Tan-lu fault, the Fangzheng fault depression has a characteristic of the “left-lateral strike-slip pull-apart basin, right-lateral strike-slip extrusion transformation.” According to the difference of the strike-slip, the Fangzheng fault depression has divided into two parts: the East fault depression and the West fault depression. The seismic data, seismic attribute analysis, and geological modeling techniques have applied to analyze the two fault depressions, the East fault depression has actively controlled by the strike-slip activity, and the structure is complex. The seismic data quality is poor; the structure of the West Fault Depression is the opposite and structural characteristics of asymmetrical difference strike-slip in the East and West fault depressions. Interpretation of seismic sections through a slippery background, the strike-slip attributes of the whole fault depression from south to north are segmented, and the strike-slip mechanism from east to west is different. Under the control of the multi-stage strike-slip mechanism, the Fangzheng fault depression is divided into six stages of strike-slip evolution, corresponding to the six different stages of the strike-slip control basin, the formation process of the asymmetric difference strike-slip fault basin is clarified, which provides a reference for the study of the strike-slip pull-apart basin with multi-stage structure.
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Surkova, Ye V., M. Yu Drobizhev, O. G. Melnikova, T. A. Zakharchuk, and I. I. Dedov. "Diabetes mellitus and concomitant depressions." Problems of Endocrinology 49, no. 6 (December 15, 2002): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11746.
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The fact that there is a high prevalence of depressions among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is well known. However, the relationships between the nosological entities of depressions and the clinical characteristics of DM are little studied. The study was undertaken to search for such relationships. A hundred and fifty outpatients with DM (out of them 38 males, Type 2 DM was diagnosed in 102 patients) the median age was 54.0 years (25 and 75 percentiles: 43.0-61.5), the median duration of diabetes was 7.2years (2.0-15.0); the median level of HbAlc was 8.6% (7.49.7%). Depression was revealed in 50 (33%) patients. Their comparison with patients without depression indicated that there was no association with the main clinical characteristics of MD (the type and duration of the disease, the prevalence of acute and chronic complications, insulin therapy). At the same time, a comparison of three groups of patients with the major clinical forms (nosogenic, cyclothymic, and dysthymic) of diagnosed depression by using x2 revealed the following associations: between DM-1 and cyclothymic depression and between DM-2 and nosogenic and dysthymic depression (р = 0.01). Cyclothymic and dysthymic depression showed no associations with clinical characteristics of DM. The prevalence of nosogenic depression was significantly higher in patients with a history of second-three grade diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.02), arterial hypertension (p = 0.001), proteinuria (p = 0.02), myocardial infarction (p = 0.04), and foot ulcerative defects (p = 0.04). The results show that nosogenic depression are mental responses to the severe course of DM, namely to the severity of micro- and macrovascular complications. The associations between the types of DM and the clinical types of depression -cyclothymia and dysthymia - await further study. Overall general predisposition may be discussed as a possible explanation.
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Hättenschwiler, Josef, Erich Seifritz, Edith Holsboer-Trachsler, Ulrich Hemmeter, Martin Keck, Martin Preisig, Stefan Rennhard, Susanne Walitza, and Jiri Modestin. "Die Krankheit Depression kann jeden treffen." Praxis 102, no. 9 (April 1, 2013): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a001275.
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Die Umfrage «Datenerhebung zur Depression in der Allgemeinbevölkerung» wurde vom Herbst 2010 bis Frühling 2011 auf verschiedenen Online-Plattformen durchgeführt. Die Resultate zeigen, dass bei den meisten Betroffenen viel Zeit zwischen dem Auftreten erster Depressions-Symptome und der Erstdiagnose vergeht. Bei einem frühen Behandlungsbeginn kann jedoch ein potenziell langer Leidensweg verkürzt und die Depression erfolgreich therapiert werden. Dabei spielt der Hausarzt als Bindeglied zwischen Patient und Psychiater eine entscheidende Rolle.
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Pellegrini, Angelo, and Elena-Nicoleta Bordea. "The severity of the depression related to the depressive antecedents at the unemployed persons and employees." International Journal of Academic Research 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-1/b.36.
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Delanoy, Elfrun. "Facetten der Depressivität und die hilfreiche Beziehung." Imagination 34, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ig.v34i4.3482.
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Nach einem allgemeinen Überblick über die Vielschichtigkeit von Depressions-Bildern und theoretischen Grundlagen werden behandlungstechnische Überlegungen in Fallvignetten dargestellt und in Bezug auf TherapeutInnen-Variablen reflektiert. Den Stellenwert der Depression in der Gesellschaft umrahmen statistische Angaben und kleine Exkurse wie die Fähigkeit zur Depression und die Männerdepression.
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Zhu, D., Q. Ren, Y. Xuan, Y. Chen, and I. Cluckie. "An effective depression filling algorithm for DEM-based 2-dimensional surface flow modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 5, 2012): 10011–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-10011-2012.
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Abstract. The surface runoff process in fluvial/pluvial flood modelling is often simulated employing a two-dimensional (2-D) diffusive wave approximation to described by grid based digital elevation models (DEMs). However, a serious problem of this approach may arise when using a 2-D surface flow model which exchanges flows through adjacent cells, or conventional rink removal algorithms which also allow flow to be exchanged along diagonal directions, due to the existence of artificial depression in DEMs. This study firstly analyses the two types of depressions in DEMs and reviews the current depression filling algorithms with a medium sized basin in South-East England, the Upper Medway Catchment (220 km2) used to demonstrate the depression issue in 2-D surface runoff simulation by MIKE SHE with different DEM resolutions (50 m, 100 m and 200 m). An alternative depression-filling algorithm for 2-D overland flow modelling is developed and evaluated by comparing the simulated flows at the outlet of the catchment. This result suggests that the depression estimates at different grid resolution of DEM highly influences overland flow estimation and the new depression filling algorithm is shown to be effective in tackling this issue when comparing simulations in sink-dominated and sink-free digital elevation models, especially for depressions in relatively flat areas on digital land surface models.
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Keenan, Kate, Xin Feng, Alison Hipwell, and Susan Klostermann. "Depression begets depression: Comparing the predictive utility of depression and anxiety symptoms to later depression." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 50, no. 9 (September 2009): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02080.x.
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Malenka, R. C. "Long-term depression: not so depressing after all." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90, no. 8 (April 15, 1993): 3121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.8.3121.
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Baldwin, R. C., and Barbara Tomenson. "Depression in Later Life." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 5 (November 1995): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.5.649.
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BackgroundDepression in later life is often thought to differ from that at other times of adulthood. The evidence for this is controversial but is important to any proposed organic model of depression in the elderly. Here, early- and late-onset depressions in later life are compared.MethodFifty-seven depressed patients with a mean age of 74 were studied, 21 with an early onset (aged 59 or less) and 36 with a late onset. All were suffering from major depression according to DSM–III–R. The measures at entry included severity and symptoms, cognitive function, antecedent life events, physical health and vascular risk factors and/or vascular disease. We also recorded any family history of mood disorders, as well as the course of illness.ResultsThe anxiety item scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were significantly higher in those with an early onset, but otherwise symptoms differed little. Heritability was greater in the early-onset group. There was a striking association of vascular disease and/or risk with late-onset patients.ConclusionsVascular disease is associated with late-onset depression. This is consistent with the hypothesis that depression in later life is a more ‘biological’ disorder.
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Opit, Hesky Charles, and Pratiwi Anggrani Makansing. "PERAN KONSELING PASTORAL BAGI IBU YANG MENGALAMI POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION DI BAWAH USIA DUA PULUH TAHUN." POIMEN Jurnal Pastoral Konseling 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51667/pjpk.v3i2.1230.
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Postpartum depression or postpartum depression is experienced by mothers who get more pressure in their lives after giving birth. A mother who is not ready mentally, physically, economically and spiritually is very vulnerable to experiencing postpartum depression. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative which seeks to describe a social phenomenon, where the data collected is first explained, then analyzed and formulated. This study aims to show the role of pastoral counseling for mothers who experience depression, specifically for adolescents aged less than 20 years. A woman who will give birth should be aged 20 years and over in order to reduce the depressions that appear and other disorders.
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Sukhotinsky, Inna, Ergin Dilekoz, Yumei Wang, Tao Qin, Katharina Eikermann-Haerter, Christian Waeber, and Cenk Ayata. "Chronic daily cortical spreading depressions suppress spreading depression susceptibility." Cephalalgia 31, no. 16 (October 19, 2011): 1601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411425865.
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Background: Migraine is a disabling chronic episodic disorder. Attack frequency progressively increases in some patients. Incremental cortical excitability has been implicated as a mechanism underlying progression. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is the electrophysiological event underlying migraine aura, and a headache trigger. We hypothesized that CSD events during frequent migraine attacks condition the cortex to increase the susceptibility to further attacks. Methods: A single daily CSD was induced for 1 or 2 weeks in mouse frontal cortex; contralateral hemisphere served as sham control. At the end of CSD conditioning, occipital CSD susceptibility was determined by measuring the frequency of CSDs evoked by topical KCl application. Results: Sham hemispheres developed 8.4 ± 0.3 CSDs/hour, and did not significantly differ from naïve controls without prior cranial surgery (9.3 ± 0.4 CSDs/hour). After 2 but not 1 week of daily CSD conditioning, CSD frequency (4.9 ± 0.3 CSDs/hour) as well as the duration and propagation speed were reduced significantly in the conditioned hemispheres. Histopathological examination revealed marked reactive astrocytosis without neuronal injury throughout the conditioned cortex after 2 weeks, temporally associated with CSD susceptibility. Conclusions: These data do not support the hypothesis that frequent migraine attacks predispose the brain to further attacks by enhancing tissue susceptibility to CSD.
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Barnes, Richard, Kerry L. Callaghan, and Andrew D. Wickert. "Computing water flow through complex landscapes – Part 3: Fill–Spill–Merge: flow routing in depression hierarchies." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-105-2021.
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Abstract. Depressions – inwardly draining regions – are common to many landscapes. When there is sufficient moisture, depressions take the form of lakes and wetlands; otherwise, they may be dry. Hydrological flow models used in geomorphology, hydrology, planetary science, soil and water conservation, and other fields often eliminate depressions through filling or breaching; however, this can produce unrealistic results. Models that retain depressions, on the other hand, are often undesirably expensive to run. In previous work we began to address this by developing a depression hierarchy data structure to capture the full topographic complexity of depressions in a region. Here, we extend this work by presenting the Fill–Spill–Merge algorithm that utilizes our depression hierarchy data structure to rapidly process and distribute runoff. Runoff fills depressions, which then overflow and spill into their neighbors. If both a depression and its neighbor fill, they merge. We provide a detailed explanation of the algorithm and results from two sample study areas. In these case studies, the algorithm runs 90–2600 times faster (with a reduction in compute time of 2000–63 000 times) than the commonly used Jacobi iteration and produces a more accurate output. Complete, well-commented, open-source code with 97 % test coverage is available on GitHub and Zenodo.
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Boyanov, Ivan, and Aleksander Goranov. "Late Alpine (Palaeogene) superimposed depressions in parts of Southeast Bulgaria." Geologica Balcanica 31, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2001): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.31.3-4.3.
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The Late Alpine superimposed depressions in thе south-eastern part of the Balkan peninsula are structures of collisional-collapse type. They play a role of neoautochton which overlays a highly disintegrated Middle and Late Alpine orogen of collage-accretional character. It is represented by the Sredna Gora and Rhodope superunits. The superimposed depressions are of Palaeogene-Neogene age and are elements of a separate tectonic entity (Maritsa superimposed graben system) within the boundaries of the Balkanides-Anatolian segment of the Alpine mobile belt. The following three wide depressions on South Bulgarian territory are characterized in this paper: Upper Thrace Depression (UTD), East Rhodope Depression (ERD) and the East Thrace Depression (ETD). The Tertiary evolution of each depression is characterised by three up to five destructive stages. The Late Eocene and Oligocene stages are accompanied by an active polycyclic or monophase magmatism mostly represented by intermediate to acid volcanics. Ca-alkaline, subalkaline and alkaline magmas are distinguished. Basic volcanics of toleiitic, subalkaline to alkaline composition are rare. During the stages outlined, phenomena of compression or extension with exhumation are recorded. A number of important faults and fault zones formed during those stages, some of them being now represented by dike bundles. Essential overthrustings took place only along some faults of late Laramian and Savian age.
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Kaphle, Maheshor, Rajesh Karki, Anjana Thapa, and Ramesh Bhatta. "Prevalence of depression among Geriatric Population in a Rural Municipality of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 62, no. 278 (September 30, 2024): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.8781.
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Introduction: Depression is a major public health concern among the elderly, affecting their quality of life and overall well-being. Despite the increasing elderly population in Nepal, data on the prevalence of depression in rural areas is limited. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence of depression among the geriatric population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged 60 years and above in three randomly selected wards of Shivapuri Rural Municipality. Respondents were selected using consecutive sampling. The Nepali version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was administered through face-to-face interviews. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number 080/81-437). Descriptive analysis was conducted for categorical variables using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: The overall prevalence of geriatric depression was 115 (28.75%; 95% CI: 24.36%-33.46%), with a mean depression score of 3.54 ± 3.17. Among those with depression, majority reported mild depression 79 (68.70%) reported mild depression, 79 (31.22%) were male, 88 (30.66%) were under 75 years of age, 46 (35.66%) self-rated their health as not good, 16 (32.66%) had COPD and 33 (30%) were hypertensive elderly.Conclusions: About one third of the elderly reported of having depression and more than 50% had mild depression. The depresson was more in age group less than 75 years, male, married and in nuclear family.
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Ostroumova, O. D., C. V. Batyukina, E. Yu Ebzeeva, and N. A. Shatalova. "Medications associated with development of drug-induced depression." Medical alphabet 1, no. 11 (July 16, 2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-11-36-45.
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More than 60 % of all depressive syndromes are reactive depression, which occurs in response to internal and external influences. One of the variants of reactive depression is drug-induced (drug-induced) or iatrogenic depression, which is a possible side effect of a number of medications. Depressogenic effect is described in both psychotropic and somatotropic drugs. Depressions that occur when using psychotropic drugs are most often associated with the duration of administration and large doses of the drug. Some antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, hypolipidemic drugs, antibiotics, hormones, antiparkinsonian drugs and antineoplastic agents are most often mentioned in the series of somatotropic drugs that have a depressogenic effect. Drug-induced depression is one of the most controversial issues. this article presents a systematization of available literature data on depression associated with taking various drugs.
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Morales-Muñoz, I., P. Mallikarjun, J. Chandan, R. Thayakaran, R. Upthegrove, and S. Marwaha. "The impact of anxiety and depression across childhood and adolescence on adverse outcomes in young adulthood: a UK birth cohort study." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S725—S726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1521.
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IntroductionLittle is still known about the long-term impact of childhood and adolescent persistent depression and anxiety on adulthood.ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of persistent anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression across childhood and adolescence on the development of multiple adverse outcomes in young adulthood.Methods This study used data from 8,122 participants in the ALSPAC cohort, in the UK. The Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) was administered to capture child anxiety and depression symptomatology. We focused on the DAWBA generalized anxiety and mood subscales at 8, 10 and 13 years, and created a measure of comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms (i.e., anxiety + depression) at each time point. Further, a range of mental and physical health, and functional problems were assessed at 24 years. Latent Class Growth Analyses was used to detect trajectories of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety and depression, separately; and logistic regression to examine how persistent anxiety, depression or both associated with adverse outcomes at 24 years.ResultsAll three classes with persistent anxiety, depression or both associated with presenting any mental health and functional problem at 24 years. However, persistent high anxiety was not associated with any physical health problem at 24 years. Finally, high levels of comorbid anxiety and depression was the domain that exerted the greatest negative impact at 24 years.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depressions are at highest risk for suffering from more adverse outcomes at 24 years, compared to those presenting anxiety and depression alone.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared