Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dépression – Psychiatrie'
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Boissard, Elodie. "Concevoir l'humeur dépressive pour comprendre la dépression : psychiatrie et philosophie des états affectifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H207.
Full textIn this thesis I investigate the notion of « depressed mood » which historically the central and distinctive symptom of depression. Depression was originally seen as an affective disorder but it is now explained by behavioral and cognitive models as well. Moreover, as welack a general definition of a psychiatric disorder, we also lack a conception of what makes adepressive episode “pathological”, beyond its clinical criteria. Is depression an affective disorder, a mood disorder ? If yes, then what makes the difference between depression and a non-problematic depressed mood? The aim is to improve our understanding of this psychiatric disorder thanks to philosophy. My approach combines conceptual history and conceptual analysis in philosophy of affective states and philosophy of psychiatry on the notion of“depressed mood”, in order to characterize the affective component of a depressed state, toarticulate it with the other components of such a state, and to determine in what sense such astate can be pathological. I make a conceptual history of the clinical characterization of theaffective component of a depressed state in French psychiatric, from the “alienists” to contemporary psychiatry: it shows that this affective component cannot be reduced to sadness.I formulate a functionalist theory of depressed mood in philosophy of affective states, in termsof “active depressive beliefs”: this theory defines this mood as an affective state whosedistinct effect on mental states is to recruit and bring depressive beliefs to manifest themselves. These beliefs are pessimistic, defeatist and self-deprecating beliefs about thepossibility to reach a future situation where one’s aspirations would be satisfied. To finish, Idefend a cognitivist theory of depression in terms of “self-fulfilling depressive beliefs”. These beliefs are made especially harmful by the depressed mood that modulates their functional role when it persists. The harm consists in that the depressed state jointly induced by this mood and these beliefs leads to incapacity to mobilize psychological capacities that are necessary to seek to satisfy one’s aspirations: I formulate this harm in terms of second-orderincapacity to reach a minimal well-being, so that I adapt to depression the conception of “pathological” elaborated by Nordenfelt (2000) in philosophy of psychiatry. This incapacity corresponds to a self-fulfillment of depressive beliefs under the constraint of the depressedmood
Lemogne, Cédric. "Cortex médian préfrontal, référence à soi et dépression." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066067.
Full textDouet, Fabrice. "Les dépressions résistantes : revue de la littérature et étude d'un échantillon de 53 patients déprimés hospitalisés en psychiatrie." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23028.
Full textLe, Bihan Patrick. "Dépression et homicide : revue de la littérature à propos de dix observations." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23082.
Full textCherni, Sana. "Aspects psychopathologiques et culturels de la maniaco-dépression, en Tunisie : approche projective." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100117.
Full textThe mystery of maniaco-depression is tightly associated with the effervescence of habit taking shape throughout an unstable course marked by episodes of remission where one’s psychological state is far from being considered normal (Jeammet, 1999). So, how can we account for such temporary stability? What sort of information can this psychological mecanisme underlying maniac-depression bring to us? At the RAZI hospital in Manouba, our consented meetings with 12 patients allowed us to collect evidence attendant to the question of heterogeneity in maniac-depression. We also found during the analysis of the data some evidence of paranoia variable in degree among the informants. Equally found was evidence for cultural variance of psychopathology in the Tunisian context. The investigation conducted during the remission period questioned the functioning of psychosis and borderline functioning
Curtet, Florence. "Deuil compliqué et dépression, conseil en deuil, perte parentale : étude comparative d'une population de 69 patients hospitalisés en psychiatrie et d'un échantillon de 29 sujets témoins issus de la population générale." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23060.
Full textPoitras, Plante Philippe. "La médicalisation de l'existence en régime hypermoderne." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11596.
Full textRobin, Antoine. "Contribution à l'étude du libéricide : à propos de cinq observations." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3084.
Full textMoutsimilli, Larissa. "Implication de la neurotrasmission glutamatergique dans des modèles pharmacologiques et génétiques relatifs aux maladies psychiatriques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0021.
Full textGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals. The molecular characterization and functional three carriers vesicular glutamate, appointed VGLUT-3, allowed an experimental approach more specific glutamatergic neurotransmission. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to study in mice glutamatergic neurotransmission in pharmacological and genetic models of psychiatric diseases like depression or schizophrenia. The results obtained after chronic treatment by various psychotropic show that the molecules with an antidepressant activity increases VGLUT1 and those with an antipsychotic increase VGLUT2. The data obtained with mice invaided for the dopamine transporter (DAT-KO) show that agents proglutamatergiques reduce behavioral deficits in these mice. All these data reinforces the idea that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 define two subsystems regulated so differencial by two major classes of psychotropic drugs and can offer the VGLUTs as specific markers for the study of certain neuropsychiatric disorders
Dalbos-Bouillard, Barbara. "Facteurs de risque de la dépression du post-partum : matquid, 1995." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23073.
Full textHein, Matthieu. "Contribution à l’étude de la physiologie et de la physiopathologie du sommeil chez l’individu normal et chez les patients souffrant de dépression majeure et d’insomnie primaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/287421/3/These.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Ali, Aminata. "Méthodes de fouille de données en épidémiologie psychiatrique : application à l’analyse des facteurs et marqueurs de risque de la symptomatologie dépressive à l’adolescence." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASR003.
Full textAdolescence is a vulnerable period for depression, both psychologically and biologically. The literature on depression in adolescence is very extensive on risk and protective factors and on the various externalized manifestations that can serve as warning sign. However, prediction models remain poorly performing. Systematic and in-depth research into the combinations of risk factors/markers could improving these models. Techniques derived from data mining/Machine Learning methods (DMML) now seem to be more and more used on similar issues. This work will focus on the application of DMML methods to depression during adolescence. In this context, the objective will be i) to map the actual use of these methods in epidemiology and public health ii) to analyze the associations between risk factors/markers of depression in adolescence in order to develop new useful leads in the identification of this population. First, a bibliometric analysis of Medline will be conducted in order to quantify the development of DMML methods in public health and epidemiology and to characterize their major fields of application. Secondly, a comparison of the contribution of two classification methods in terms of their capacity to model the risk of depression: boosted regression trees, random forests compared to a logistic LASSO regression without interaction will be carried out. Finally, a supervised partitioning method, called «Bayesian Profile regression", will be used to create clusters of adolescents from the explanatory variables of depression and depression. Data from the cross-sectional school survey "Processus adolescence" will be used. It includes 15235 adolescents, responding to an anonymous self-administered questionnaire containing depression via the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale and the explanatory variables for depression present in the survey. This work showed the interests and difficulties of DMML to analysis relevant associations in psychiatric epidemiology
Dubol, Manon. "Étude en neuro-imagerie multimodale du système dopaminergique et du système de récompense chez des patients psychiatriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS477/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of the neurobiological bases of psychiatric disorders using multimodal imaging, with a particular interest in the dopaminergic pathways and the reward system. Its primary objective is to establish, through Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a link between the dopaminergic system and the reward system from a functional and structural point of view in humans, and especially in patients with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, cocaine addiction and depression. Numerous studies have demonstrated the concomitant existence of abnormalities affecting dopaminergic function and reward system in several mental disorders. However, understanding of the linkages between dopaminergic dysfunction and dysfunction of the reward circuit in psychiatric disorders remains limited. The main aims of this thesis are to improve knowledge about the pathophysiology of several mental disorders such as schizophrenia, addiction and depression, and to demonstrate the interest of both a dimensional approach and the use of multimodal imaging in psychiatric research, to explore the molecular level of functional neural networks. In perspective, this thesis supports the interest of brain imaging in clinical practice, as it could later clarify the diagnosis, predict response to treatments or follow the course of the disease
Gerber, Lucie. "Le laboratoire des esprits animaux : expérimentation animale, production de savoirs et innovation thérapeutique dans les domaines de la dépression et de la maladie d'Alzheimer (1950-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0137.
Full textThe "laboratory of animal spirits" proposes a history of a scientific aspiration, that of using the experimental animal to introduce the problems of psychiatry and neurology within the laboratory. This work describes and analyzes the practices of the behavioral, cognitive and brain sciences in the context of therapeutic and medical research on diseases or disorders that affect the mind from 1955 to the present time. What are the historical conditions under which animal experimentation developed and diversified during the second half of the 20th century? How have experimenters developed animal models for the study of phenomena that are often reputed to be specifically human? With what effects and consequences for the mode of constitution of the objects on which the experimenters work, on the orientations followed by medical and therapeutic research? These questions are addressed through two fields of observation, research on depression, and research on Alzheimer's disease, in the perspective of an integrated history of science, technology and medicine. Through the published literature, industrial, institutional and personal archives of scientists, oral history interviews and ethnographic observations, this work questions the close link that was established, following a double process of "pharmaceutizalisation" and " molecularization "between animal experimentation and the way we conceive and study mental, cognitive and behavioral disorders
Jozet, Janice. "Créativité et psychopathologie : étude de quelques personnages célèbres." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P064.
Full textBergeron, Marie-Josée. "Étude généalogique de la schizophrénie et de la psychose maniaco-dépressive dans la région de la Beauce." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60700.pdf.
Full textLeroy, Jean-Pierre. "Évaluation transnosographique des troubles anxieux et dépressifs : étude clinique des échelles d'évaluation." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUE044M.
Full textGratien, Virginia. "Du « Grand Renferment » au Grand Débarquement : analyse discursive du glissement de la psychiatrie vers la santé mentale à travers l’étude des représentations du « fou », du « malade mental » et du « dépressif »." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2036.
Full textEmbedded in the field of Information and Communication Sciences, making use of Michel Foucault’s influential work on Discourse and “Power/Knowledge”, this PhD research calls into question the political, social and media treatment of mental disorders which has been renewed by the switch from Psychiatry to Mental Health. The advent of the “mental-health user – citizen”, which can only occur through a new discursive path, needs to take into account the legacy of social representations that affect people living with a mental health condition. This PhD research has elaborated an a posteriori pluri-methodology for the study of social representations of the “Mad”, the “Mentally-ill” and the “Depressed”. Its aim is to examine the hypothesis of a new intelligibility of “madness” through a constructive comparison between the results of a public health survey called “Mental Health in the General Population : images and realities” and the findings of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of three hundred press articles published in the French newspaper Le Monde in either 2005 or 2015. Even if the public health survey results conclude that the “Mad” is confined in the Otherness held back by the Psychiatric “Power/Knowledge” – de facto establishing a close relation with the “Mentally-ill”, the media analysis reveals that “madness” can be an accepted even claimed identity insofar as the medical control and the Psychiatric “Power/Knowledge” ascendency fade away. Thereby, Mental Health can be considered as a new area to which this PhD research gives the name of The Great Landing as to underline that it should be analysed as the antithesis of Michel Foucault’s historical and well-known “Great Confinement”
Costemale-Lacoste, Jean-François. "Rôle central de l'insomnie dans la dépression caractérisée : lien avec les polymorphismes de GSK3B et le métabolisme glucido-lipidique Glycogen synthase kinase-3β genetic polymorphisms and insomnia in depressed patients: A prospective study Severe insomnia is associated with hypertriglyceridemia in women with major depression treated in psychiatry settings." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2691&f=22603.
Full textNo abstract
Camus, Sandrine. "Etho-Psychiatry : animal model to model animal : Identification of a « spontaneous » non-human primate model of depressive symptoms." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22032/document.
Full textMore than 150 million people worldwide suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD). Although investigations of its pathophysiology have dramatically increased in the last decade, no substantial improvement has been made concerning the treatments and the understanding of its underlying mechanisms. A genetic predisposition and stressful experiences have been acknowledged as risk factors involved in MDD. However, no specific genes have been identified so far and little is known about the gene x environment interactions. This is likely due to the lack of bona fide animal models of depressive-like symptoms. Indeed, there is a huge gap between the knowledge / diagnostic methodology of clinical research and the animal models used in fundamental research, mainly focusing on environmental, pharmacological, lesional or genetic manipulations. Phylogenetically and behaviourally closer to Humans compared to rodents, non-human primates (NHPs) can show spontaneous behavioural and physiological modifications in response to stressful life events. Although promising results had been reported in the 1960’s by the pioneering studies of Harlow and colleagues, the investigation of depressive-like symptoms in macaques are scarce in the current literature. We hypothesize that, among large captive NHP populations, a few individuals will display atypical behaviours that could mimic depressive symptoms. Combining the skills and knowledge of ethology, psychiatry and neurosciences, my PhD project aimed at proposing an innovative non-invasive detection method of such depressive-like profiles. The impact of birth origin and species was questioned as well. Behaviours, body postures, body orientations, spatial location, gaze direction and/or inter-peer distances were collected among more than 200 rhesus and cynomolgus captive- or wild-born farm-bred macaques. Using multifactorial analyses, clusters of individuals displaying distinct behavioural profiles were identified. In each population, a common depressive-like profile was characterised by its similarities with symptoms described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder and with other animal models of depression. The prevalence of such profiles was increased in the rhesus populations and by captive early life experience, corroborating the role of stress in the development of MDD. In addition to expressing depressive-like features in their home cage, these animals displayed higher levels of plasmatic cortisol and cerebrospinal noradrenaline which correlated with a passive emotional reactivity in 2 behavioural paradigms. Altogether these promising results conferred good face validity to our NHP model of depressive-like symptoms. Further characterization of this model is required and might bring new insights to the understanding of MDD pathophysiology and etiology
Savoye, Christine. "Approche génétique de la schizophrénie et de la psychose maniaco-dépressive : étude des gènes des récepteurs dopaminergiques D1, D2, D3, D4 et sérotoninergique 5HT1A en Normandie." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN3110.
Full textRivière, Mathieu. "La souffrance psychique en lien avec le travail vue en consultation de médecine générale. Étude de la prévalence et des facteurs associés Prevalence of work-related common psychiatric disorders in primary care: The French Héraclès study Which work-related characteristics are most strongly associated with common mental disorders? A cross-sectional study." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS308.
Full textThe general practitioner (GP) is often confronted with patients with mental health problems related to work. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of work related mental distress in patients consulting their GP and to study the association between mental distress and psychosocial factors at work. This work is based on the Héraclès study conducted among 2,027 patients in professional activity consulting their GP in the Nord - Pas-de-Calais. Mental distress was evaluated with the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, by the patient's statement and the GP’s diagnosis. The association between mental distress objectified by the MINI and psychosocial factors at work was studied using a Poisson regression or a logistic regression model. The prevalence of work related mental distress objectified by the MINI was 25.6%, 24.5% for mental distress reported by the patient and 25.8% for mental distress diagnosed by the GP. In the multivariable analyses significant association was found for depression/anxiety and work intensity, emotional demands and social relations at work. Excessive alcohol consumption was associated with social relations at work and autonomy. For suicidality, there was an association with work intensity in men and emotional demands in women. The prevalence of work related mental distress found in our study was high and emphasize the major role of GPs in the management of these patients. Several psychosocial factors at work were associated with mental distress which shows the impact of those work characteristics on the presence of mental distress
Rincel, Marion. "Role of the gut-brain axis in early stress-induced emotional vulnerability." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0870/document.
Full textEarly-life adversity is a main risk factor for psychiatric disorders at adulthood; however the mechanisms underlying the programming effect of stress during development are still unknown. In rodents, chronic maternal separation has long lasting effects in adult offspring, including hyper-anxiety and hyper-responsiveness to a novel stress, along with gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Moreover, recent studies report gut barrier hyper-permeability in rat pups submitted to maternal separation, an effect that could potentially lead to dysbiosis and altered gut-brain communication. Therefore, the aim of my PhD was to unravel the role of the gut-brain axis in the neurobehavioral effects of early-life stress. We recently reported that some neural, behavioral and endocrine alterations associated with maternal separation in rats could be prevented by maternal exposure to a high-fat diet. We first addressed the effects of maternal high-fat diet on brain and gut during development in the maternal separation model. We show that maternal high-fat diet prevents the stress-induced decrease in spine density and altered dendritic morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, maternal high-fat diet also attenuates the exacerbated intestinal permeability associated with maternal separation. To explore a potential causal impact of gut leakiness on brain functions, we then examined the impact of pharmacological and genetic manipulations of intestinal permeability on brain and behavior. We report 1) that restoration of gut barrier function attenuates some of the behavioral alterations associated with maternal separation and 2) that chronic gut leakiness in naive adult transgenic mice recapitulates the effects of maternal separation. Finally, we examined the effects of multifactorial early-life adversity on behavior, gut function and microbiota composition in males and females using a combination of prenatal inflammation and maternal separation in mice. At adulthood, offspring exposed to early adversity displayed sex-specific behavioral (social behavior deficits in males and increased anxiety in females) and intestinal phenotypes. In conclusion, our work demonstrates an impact of gut dysfunctions, in particular gut leakiness, on the emergence of emotional alterations. Further studies are needed to unravel the role of the gut dysbiosis in the expression of the behavioral phenotypes associated with early-life adversity
Consoloni, Julia-Lou. "Approche intégrative des facteurs biologiques et psychologiques associés au pronostic des troubles de l'humeur." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0615/document.
Full textMood disorders are frequent and heterogeneous psychiatric illnesses associated to a huge functional, social and economic burden. Different factors such as a higher risk of suicide, the higher frequency of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities are worsening the prognosis of these diseases. Within a preventive approach, it is essential to identify biological, psychological or environmental factors that might influence or predict such prognosis. This thesis focused on major elements of the prognosis of the two main mood disorders: major depression and bipolar disorder. Firstly, using a candidate-gene approach, we have tried to identify a biomarker of suicide risk in patients with a major depressive episode. We have found that SLC6A4 (gene coding for the serotonin transporter protein) mRNA expression levels extracted from the peripheral blood was able to predict the worsening of suicidal ideation in a 30 weeks follow-up. Secondly, we explored the clinical and neuropsychological factors associated to medication adherence in euthymic bipolar patients. The results of our study highlighted that bipolar patients who experienced a higher number of adverse side effects and a smaller number of previous hospitalizations are more likely to be low adherent. Moreover, in the older bipolar patients only, poor executive functioning predicted low adherence
Van, Tassel Mike. "Impact de l’anxiété, de la dépression et de l’hostilité en tant que composants de la détresse psychologique sur la typologie de consommation d’alcool et de cannabis chez l’adolescent selon l’âge et le sexe." Thèse, 2017. http://constellation.uqac.ca/4476/1/VanTassel_uqac_0862D_10410.pdf.
Full textAlamian, Golnoush. "Investigation of neural activity in Schizophrenia during resting-state MEG : using non-linear dynamics and machine-learning to shed light on information disruption in the brain." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25254.
Full textPsychiatric disorders affect nearly a quarter of the world’s population. These typically bring about debilitating behavioural, functional and/or cognitive problems, for which the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. These symptoms can significantly reduce the quality of life of affected individuals, impact those close to them, and bring on an economic burden on society. Hence, targeting the baseline neurophysiology associated with psychopathologies, by identifying more robust biomarkers, would improve the development of effective treatments. The first goal of this thesis is thus to contribute to a better characterization of neural dynamic alterations in mental health illnesses, specifically in schizophrenia and mood disorders. Accordingly, the first chapter of this thesis presents two systematic literature reviews, which investigate the resting-state changes in brain connectivity in schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder patients. Great strides have been made in neuroimaging research in identifying alterations in functional connectivity. However, these two reviews reveal a gap in the knowledge about the temporal basis of the neural mechanisms involved in the disruption of information integration in these pathologies, particularly in schizophrenia. Therefore, the second goal of this thesis is to characterize the baseline temporal neural alterations of schizophrenia. We present two studies for which we hypothesize that the resting temporal dysconnectivity could serve as a key biomarker in schizophrenia. These studies explore temporal integration deficits in schizophrenia by quantifying neural alterations of scale-free dynamics using resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Specifically, we use (1) long-range temporal correlation (LRTC) analysis on oscillatory activity and (2) multifractal analysis on arrhythmic brain activity. In addition, we develop classification models (based on supervised machine-learning) to detect the cortical and sub-cortical features that allow for a robust division of patients and healthy controls. Given that these studies are based on MEG spontaneous brain activity, recorded at rest with either eyes-open or eyes-closed, we then explored the possibility of finding a distinctive feature that would combine both types of resting-state recordings. Thus, the third study investigates whether alterations in spectral amplitude between eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions can be used as a possible marker for schizophrenia. Overall, the three studies show changes in the scale-free dynamics of schizophrenia patients at rest that suggest a deterioration of the temporal processing of information in patients, which might relate to their cognitive and behavioural symptoms. The multimodal approach of this thesis, combining MEG, non-linear analyses and machine-learning, improves the characterization of the resting spatiotemporal neural organization of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Our findings provide new evidence for the temporal dysconnectivity hypothesis in schizophrenia. The results extend on previous studies by characterizing scale-free properties of deep brain structures and applying advanced non-linear metrics that are underused in the field of psychiatry. The results of this thesis contribute significantly to the identification of novel biomarkers in schizophrenia and show the importance of clarifying the temporal properties of altered intrinsic neural dynamics. Moreover, the presented studies offer a methodological framework that can be extended to other psychopathologies, such as depression.
Tourjman, Smadar Valérie. "Cognition and inflammation as transdiagnostic dimensions in psychiatry." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20261.
Full textFreyd, Louis. "Croyances et antidépresseurs : analyse du discours de patients, de psychiatres, de psychologues, de médecins généralistes et de représentants pharmaceutiques d'un centre hospitalier." Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2462/1/D1857.pdf.
Full textSalesse, Michèle S. "L'impact de la création littéraire, en contexte d'aide, sur la symptomatologie psychophysiologique d'adolescents atteints d'une maladie chronique : étude interdisciplinaire et exploratoire." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16012.
Full textTuineag, Maria. "Psychiatric symptoms in idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8466.
Full textIdiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour (iRBD) disorder can be a premotor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Depressive and anxiety symptoms are frequent nonmotor features in PD or DLB. We assessed the frequency and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with iRBD compared to healthy control subjects. Fifty-five iRBD patients and 63 age and sexmatched healthy subjects were studied. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). We assessed the depressive and anxiety symptoms and compared the proportion of participants with clinically significant depressive or anxiety symptoms. We also used the BDI for Primary Care (BDI-PC) to minimize confounding factors that could overestimate depressive symptoms. iRBD patients scored higher than controls on the BDI-II (9.63 ± 6.61 vs. 4.32 ± 4.58; P < 0.001)), BDI-PC (2.20 ± 2.29 vs. 0.98 ± 1.53; P = 0.001) and BAI (8.37 ± 7.30 vs. 3.92 ± 5.26; P < 0.001). Compared to controls, we found a higher proportion of patients with iRBD with either clinically significant depressive (4/63 or 6% vs. 12/55 or 22% P = 0.03) or anxiety symptoms (9/50 or 18% vs. 21/43 or 49%; P = 0.003). The proportion of iRBD patients with clinically significant depressive symptoms remains unchanged using the BDI-PC (11/55 or 20%). Depressive and anxiety symptoms are frequent features in iRBD. Routine examination of patients with iRBD disorder should include an assessment of depressive and anxiety symptoms in order to prevent or treat them.
Beauchamp-Kerr, Philippe. "Les rôles de genre professionnels en lien avec la charge allostatique et le fonctionnement psychosocial de travailleurs d'hôpital psychiatrique." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24489.
Full textGendered inequalities in workplace stress are linked to sex-specific health trajectories that are poorly understood. Measuring these gendered inequalities are challenging but an essential endeavor to better explain individual differences in occupational health. The aim of this exploratory, retrospective study was to investigate pathways linking layers of individual-level (e.g., sociocultural gender-roles) and macro-level (e.g., occupational gender-roles) gender factors to measures of allostatic load (23 biomarkers), workplace stress (e.g., job strain, effort-reward imbalance) and mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms, burnout symptoms, trauma symptoms) in a sample of psychiatric hospital workers (N=192). We propose a practical web-based survey approach to measure macro-level gendered occupational factors for retrospective analyses that could also be integrated in novel experimental designs. Our findings show that individual-level masculine gender-roles were positively associated with psychological demands and social support. Masculine and feminine occupational gender-roles were positively associated with decisional latitude and overcommitment. Both individual masculine and feminine gender-roles had protective effects on depressive symptoms and burnout symptoms but only individual masculine gender-roles had protective effects on trauma symptoms; however occupational gender-roles had no effects on mental health. No associations were found with allostatic load. Moving beyond an individual’s gender-roles, our study demonstrates the utility of measuring occupational gender-roles to delineate challenging associations between subjective stressors and health outcomes that should be applied in analyses for future studies of sex differences in occupational health.