Academic literature on the topic 'Depression, Mental Diagnosis Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Depression, Mental Diagnosis Australia"
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Daluwatta, Amanda, Dushan Peiris, Kathryn Fletcher, Chris Ludlow, and Greg Murray. "Can Sri Lankan Australians Recognise Depression? The Influence of Acculturation, Age and Experiences with Depression on Recognition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 14839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214839.
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Mental health literacy is an important determinant of mental health help-seeking and is associated with improved mental health. There is evidence that mental health literacy may be lower amongst some migrant communities in Australia. The present study conducted the first cross-sectional survey of mental health literacy in Sri Lankan Australians between April and October 2020. Participants (N = 404) were presented with a culturally-tailored vignette describing an individual with symptoms of major depressive disorder, with correct recognition determined by the coding of an open text response to the question ‘what’s wrong with Mr Silva?’. Binomial linear regression modelling was conducted to identify predictors of the correct recognition of depression. Approximately 74% of participants recognised the presented symptoms as depression, though multiple other labels were also used by the respondents. The results also suggested that younger age and having a prior diagnosis of depression were significant predictors of recognising depression in the vignette. In the first study of Sri Lankan migrants’ mental health literacy in an Australian context, the rates of depression recognition were comparable to those found in the general Australian population. Further research is urgently required to replicate and extend the present findings and ultimately support the development of tailored interventions aimed at improving mental health literacy across the diverse Sri Lankan Australian community.
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Cheema, Madiha, Nikola Mitrev, Leanne Hall, Maria Tiongson, Golo Ahlenstiel, and Viraj Kariyawasam. "Depression, anxiety and stress among patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: Australian national survey." BMJ Open Gastroenterology 8, no. 1 (February 2021): e000581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000581.
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BackgroundThe global COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the mental health of individuals, particularly those with chronic illnesses. We aimed to quantify stress, anxiety and depression among individuals with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Australia during the pandemic.MethodsAn electronic survey was made available to IBD patients Australia-wide from 17 June to 12 July 2020. Respondents with an underlying diagnosis of IBD and over 18 years of age were included. A validated questionnaire (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Score-21, DASS21) was used to assess depression, anxiety and stress. Data on potential predictors of depression, anxiety and stress were collected.Results352 participated in the survey across Australia. 60.5% of respondents fulfilled DASS criteria for at least moderate depression, anxiety or stress. 45% reported a pre-existing diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Over 2/3 of these respondents reported worsening of their pre-existing depression/anxiety due to the current pandemic. Of those without a pre-existing diagnosis of anxiety or depression, high rates of at least moderate to severe depression (34.9%), anxiety (32.0%) and stress (29.7%) were noted. Younger age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98, p<0.001), lack of access to an IBD nurse (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.19, p=0.04) and lack of education on reducing infection risk (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.50, p=0.017) were associated with significant stress, anxiety and/or depression.ConclusionHigh prevalence of undiagnosed depression, anxiety and stress was identified among respondents. Improved access to IBD nurse support and greater attention to education are modifiable factors that may reduce depression, anxiety and/or stress among patients with IBD during the pandemic.
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Marmanidis, H., G. Holme, and R. J. Hafner. "Depression and Somatic Symptoms: A Cross-Cultural Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (June 1994): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679409075639.
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The study was carried out by the same research team in two metropolitan hospitals, one in Greece (N = 60) and one in Australia (N q 56). Subjects comprised patients consecutively admitted with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of depressive disorder, all of whom completed questionnaire measures of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms. Clinical concepts and practices in the two hospitals were very similar. Overall levels of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in the two samples were almost identical, but there were differences in the pattern of somatic complaints: Greeks scored significantly higher on dizziness, paraesthesiae and masticatory spasms, and Australians scored significantly higher on drowsiness, hypersomnia and non-refreshing sleep, with the latter two items being the best discriminators of the two samples using discriminant function analysis. These findings, combined with factor analysis, suggested that symptoms associated with hyperventilation in the Greek sample, and with sleep disturbance in the Australian sample, explained most of the differences between them.
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Lubman, Dan I., Leanne Hides, Anthony F. Jorm, and Amy J. Morgan. "Health Professionals’ Recognition of Co-Occurring Alcohol and Depressive Disorders in Youth: A Survey of Australian General Practitioners, Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Mental Health Nurses Using Case Vignettes." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 10 (October 2007): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701579090.
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Objective: To examine whether health professionals who commonly deal with mental disorder are able to identify co-occurring alcohol misuse in young people presenting with depression. Method: Between September 2006 and January 2007, a survey examining beliefs regarding appropriate interventions for mental disorder in youth was sent to 1710 psychiatrists, 2000 general practitioners (GPs), 1628 mental health nurses, and 2000 psychologists in Australia. Participants within each professional group were randomly given one of four vignettes describing a young person with a DSM-IV mental disorder. Herein is reported data from the depression and depression with alcohol misuse vignettes. Results: A total of 305 psychiatrists, 258 GPs, 292 mental health nurses and 375 psychologists completed one of the depression vignettes. A diagnosis of mood disorder was identified by at least 83.8% of professionals, with no significant differences noted between professional groups. Rates of reported co-occurring substance use disorders were substantially lower, particularly among older professionals and psychologists. Conclusions: GPs, psychologists and mental health professionals do not readily identify co-occurring alcohol misuse in young people with depression. Given the substantially negative impact of co-occurring disorders, it is imperative that health-care professionals are appropriately trained to detect such disorders promptly, to ensure young people have access to effective, early intervention.
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Cosgrave, Elizabeth, Eóin Killackey, Alison Yung, Joe Buckby, Katherine Godfrey, Carrie Stanford, Antonia Stuart, and Patrick D. McGorry. "Depression, Substance Use and Suicidality in Help-Seeking Adolescents: A Survey of Prevalence." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 14, no. 2 (December 2004): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100002478.
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AbstractMental health problems affect a sizeable minority of Australian adolescents. Depression and substance use disorders are common mental disorders reported in this age group. Difficulties of this nature that manifest in adolescence will often continue into adulthood. This report describes a sample of adolescents referred to a public mental health service with respect to their psychiatric diagnoses, depressive symptoms, patterns of substance use and level of suicidality. Mood disorders and substance-use disorders were both prevalent in the sample of participants, with sizeable comorbidity reflected in the number ol participants meeting criteria for both of these diagnoses. Data revealed participants with a psychiatric diagnosis were significantly more likely to have made a suicide attempt than those with no diagnosis. High levels of depressive symptoms were associated with suicidality, illicit substance use, and the likelihood of having a psychiatric diagnosis. Heavy use of alcohol was prevalent in this group, but unrelated to the other variables of interest to the study. These results are discussed with respect to the importance of early detection of vulnerable students in a school setting.
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Almeida, Osvaldo P., and Jianguo Xiao. "Mortality Associated with Incident Mental Health Disorders After Stroke." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 3 (March 2007): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601172772.
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Objective: Sparse information is currently available about the incidence of the major psychiatric syndromes following a stroke and their long-term contribution to morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to determine: (1) the incidence of first ever mental health disorder in amongst stroke patients; (2) the 10-year mortality associated with incident post-stroke mental health disorders. Methods: Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Entire Western Australian community. Participants: First-ever stroke in 1990. Subjects with a prior recorded history of any mental health disorder were excluded from the study. Main outcomes of interest: Incident mental health diagnoses and 10-year mortality. Results: 1,129 hospital stroke contacts were recorded in 1990, with 21 people dying on the same day of contact. Between 1990-2002 36.6% of the survivors received a mental health diagnosis (6.1 per 1,000 person-years): alcohol-related disorders (16.2%), dementia (12.1%), delirium (7.6%), psychotic disorders (6.7%), and depression (5.5%). Mental health disorder onset was usually within 6 months of the stroke. Patients with an incident psychotic disorder were twice as likely to die during the subsequent 10 years as post-stroke controls with no mental health disorder (risk ratio = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.39-2.95). Being a widow (HR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.13-2.30) or having been born in ‘other countries’ as opposed to Australia (HR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.15-2.11) was also associated with increased death hazard. Conclusions: Approximately 1 in 3 patients develop a mental health disorder after stroke, although incidence estimates are relatively low. Post-stroke psychosis is associated with greater 10-year mortality, but the mechanisms underlying such an association are yet to be determined.
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Stanners, Melinda N., Christopher A. Barton, Sepehr Shakib, and Helen R. Winefield. "A qualitative investigation of the impact of multimorbidity on GP diagnosis and treatment of depression in Australia." Aging & Mental Health 16, no. 8 (July 27, 2012): 1058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.702730.
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Mihalopoulos, Cathrine, Mary Lou Chatterton, Lidia Engel, Long Khanh-Dao Le, and Yong Yi Lee. "Whither economic evaluation in the case of COVID-19: What can the field of mental health economics contribute within the Australian context?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 12 (October 2, 2020): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420963724.
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COVID-19 has resulted in broad impacts on the economy and aspects of daily life including our collective mental health and well-being. The Australian health care system already faces limitations in its ability to treat people with mental health diagnoses. Australia has responded to the COVID-19 outbreak by, among other initiatives, providing reimbursement for telehealth services. However, it is unclear if these measures will be enough to manage the psychological distress, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress shown to accompany infectious disease outbreaks and economic shocks. Decision making has focused on the physical health ramifications of COVID-19, the avoidance of over-burdening the health care system and saving lives. We propose an alternative framework for decision making that combines life years saved with impacts on quality of life. A framework that simultaneously includes mental health and broader economic impacts into a single decision-making process would facilitate transparent and accountable decision making that can improve the overall welfare of Australian society as we continue to address the considerable challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic is creating.
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Wood, Debra A., Debra A. Wood, and Philip M. Burgess. "Epidemiological Analysis of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Victoria, Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 3 (June 2003): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01182.x.
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Objective: To determine the population-based utilization rate of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Victoria between 1998–1999, to examine the characteristics of the ECT treated group, and to identify patient factors independently associated with differential rates of ECT treatment. Method: Electroconvulsive therapy is reported under statute in Victoria, Australia. Crude, age-adjusted and age–sex specific utilization rates were calculated using this statutory data for the 1998–1999 financial year and estimated mid-year populations from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive characteristics of those treated with ECT were derived from the statutory data. Patient factors associated with an increased likelihood of ECT in the public sector were explored with logistic regression analysis, using non-ECT treated mental health patients from the Victorian Psychiatric Case Register as the reference population. Results: The crude treated-person and age-adjusted rates for the State (both public and private sectors) were 39.9 and 44.0 persons per 100 000 resident population per annum, respectively. The crude and age-adjusted administration rates were 330.3 and 362.6 ECT administrations per 100 000 resident population per annum, respectively. Age–sex specific rates varied by age and sex, with rates generally increasing with age and female sex. Overall, 62.8% of the treated group were women, 32.9% aged over 64, and 75.2% had depression. Diagnosis, age and sex each independently predicted ECT in the public sector, with diagnosis the most important factor, followed by age then sex. Conclusions: Despite decades of use, the appropriate rate of ECT utilization is still unclear. Further research should be directed at exploring the factors, including provider variables, determining ECT treatment.
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Wang, Imogen, and Carolyn Breadon. "A retrospective audit of joint mother–baby admissions to the Werribee Mercy mother and baby unit (MBU) and of the severity of maternal depression over the course of admission." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219878649.
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Objectives: This study examined (i) the demographic and illness profiles of mothers admitted to Werribee Mercy MBU in Victoria, Australia and (ii) the severity of maternal depressive symptoms over the course of admission. Method: A retrospective audit was conducted on consecutively admitted mother–baby dyads between January 2011 and June 2015. Routinely collected maternal Beck Depression Inventory, second edition (BDI-II) scores were analysed for severity and change. Results: A total of 307 mother–baby dyads were admitted during the study period. The majority of mothers was partnered and educated young adults. The average length of stay was 4.4 weeks. The mean age of babies was 3.3 months. One-third of mothers met International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition criteria for two or more psychiatric diagnoses. Unipolar major depression was the commonest diagnosis. Of the 307 mothers, 125 mothers completed BDI-II on admission and on discharge, which showed a mean reduction of 16 points ( p < 0.001) on discharge. Conclusions: This study notes the similarities between the clinical profiles of the study population with mother–baby admissions to MBUs worldwide. Maternal depressive symptoms improved by 16 points on the BDI-II over the course of MBU admission, which shows the utility of MBU admission on maternal depressive symptoms.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Depression, Mental Diagnosis Australia"
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Penrose-Wall, Jonine Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Evaluating five models of dissemination of NHMRC 'Guideline depression in young people for GP's' through divisions of general practice." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20445.
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Background: Dissemination of evidence-based mental health clinical practice guidelines had not been studied in Australia prior to the National General Practice Guideline Implementation Program. This naturalistic research reports ten national interventions designed to disseminate the NHMRC 1997 Clinical Practice Guideline Depression in Young People for GPs (GDIYP-GP) through 123 Divisions of General Practice. The guideline covered depression and suicide in young people aged 13 to 20 years. Aim: To evaluate a 'coordinated link agent' and 'enhanced packaged approach' for disseminating a national guideline by engaging 20 Divisions in using 5 dissemination models and to measure Divisions' capacities in performing unfunded local dissemination to GPs. Method: An Implementation Kit was the main national intervention, housing the guidelines and 5 models: Education by the Division; Education by an external provider; 3) Clinical Audit; 4) Segmented Formats and 5) Appraisal. Five studies are reported: 1) an organisational census on guideline-related practices in all topics; 2) a Case Study Database of 3 consecutive interviews of 51 participating Divisions; 3) a Guideline Appraisal study of 9 cohorts of doctors; 4) a Clinical Audit study of 54 doctors involving 1200 patients; and 5) a 'Segmented Formats' documentary analysis of Division communications on GDIYP-GP. Results: Prior dissemination by most Divisions was administrative mail outs rather than planned programs. In all, 70 instead of the pilot 20 organisations participated (57% of the sector) using 10,000 guidelines: 45 participated by 7 weeks and 71 by 35 weeks and the majority used multiple active strategies showing fidelity to the Kit. Education by the Division, Segmented Formats and Appraisal were the most adopted models. GDIYP-GP was acceptable and relevant to the majority of Divisions and to 9 samples of doctors. Conclusion: Divisions are one appropriate system through which evidence-based mental health guidelines can be disseminated to general practitioners. Uptake can be rapid using a flexible enhanced package approach with link-agent support. 3-6 months is needed for organisations to begin effective interventions. Divisions reorient their approach with guidance toward evidence-based dissemination but Division and practice barriers
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Montoro, Richard. "The diagnosis of depression in advanced HIV disease /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31274.
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Background. Diagnosing major depression in the medically ill is difficult because of the overlap of somatic symptoms between the two entities. No studies have examined this issue in advanced HIV disease. Methods. Male subjects with a CD4 count ≤200 were recruited from a specialised outpatient HIV treatment centre. They completed a 30 minute questionnaire and then participated in a diagnostic interview with an HIV psychiatrist. Results. Eight (19.0%) of 42 subjects were diagnosed with major depression. Both inclusive and exclusive approaches to the diagnosis increased the prevalence to 21.4%. Predictive items on the self-report depression scales were inserted in a logistic regression. Four items pertaining to self-worth, discouragement, crying and irritability were left in the model. All somatic items were excluded. Conclusion. This study is an important first step in devising a self-report instrument that would be useful in detecting clinical depression in patients with advanced HIV disease.
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Goggin, Leigh S. "The affective response to ambiguous stimuli in depression." University of Western Australia, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0124.
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Cognitive theory of depression predicts that the illness is associated with an information processing bias that interprets ambiguous information in a mood-congruent or depressive fashion. This negative interpretative bias may serve as a vulnerability factor or maintenance mechanism for a depressive illness. The majority of studies investigating such interpretative biases rely primarily on subjective experimental methodologies (eg., evaluative feedback and self-report) that are vulnerable to experimenter demand effects, response selection biases, and the influence of autobiographical memories. In addition, the results from these studies have been mixed, leading to no firm evidence for the existence of a depression-linked interpretative bias for ambiguous material. In order to avoid the limitations that have plagued subjective research, the present study utilised two of the most promising objective physiological measures of assessing interpretation: the Rapid Serial Viewing Presentation (RSVP) procedure and the affective modulation of the human eye blink reflex. The modified RSVP experiment recorded the reaction time of participants reading a textual scenario that was composed of an opening ambiguous sentence and various emotionally valenced continuations. Interpretation of the ambiguous sentence could be inferred from the reaction time as comprehension latency is inversely related to perceived plausibility. The affective modulation experiment recorded the blink amplitudes of participants startled while performing an imagery task. Blink amplitudes are augmented by negative stimuli and inhibited by hedonic stimuli. Thus, the affective interpretation of ambiguous stimuli could be inferred from the size of the recorded blink response. The results of both experiments did not support the predictions made by cognitive theory. There was no difference in the reaction time responses to the various textual stimuli between 2 depressed outpatients and healthy controls. However, antidepressant medication did have an influence upon the ability of patients to correctly judge the plausibility of the emotionally valenced continuation sentences. With regard to the eye blink experiment, there was also no difference between the depressed outpatients and the controls in terms of size of blink amplitude to the various categories of affective stimuli. Depressive, ambiguous, and distorted stimuli did not augment blink amplitudes in healthy controls or depressed patients without social anxiety disorder. However, depressed patients with a comorbid diagnosis of social anxiety disorder did react to the ambiguous stimuli in an aversive and anxious manner as indicated by increased blink amplitudes. This may be due to the social aspect of the experimental context, which engenders fears of evaluation and performance anxiety. The eye blink procedure can therefore be compromised by group selection, as the comorbidity of anxiety and depression can confound the investigation of depression-linked interpretative biases. In addition, the failure of depressive stimuli to augment blink amplitudes may render the procedure insensitive to the selection of such biases
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De, Villiers Vesta Naomi. "Malingering in persons with a diagnosis of depression." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51824.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Malingering is the intentional production or exaggeration of symptoms for personal gain in the context of external incentives. Due to the absence of objective symptoms, depression may represent a relatively attractive option for malingerers. Existing approaches to distinguish between depressive symptoms and possible malingering often use time-consuming psychometric tests or unreliable interview techniques. Short screening tests for malingering may be a practicable alternative and recently South African cut-off scores on tests for malingering were determined for a student sample. The purpose of this study was to establish South African cut-off scores for persons with a diagnosis of depression on screening instruments for malingering. Fifty-one subjects with a diagnosis of depression (measured by the Zung Depression Scale) were randomly ascribed to one of two groups: an experimental group of 25 subjects (instructed to simulate symptoms based on a malingering case scenario) and a control group of 26 subjects (instructed to do their best in the tests). No incentive was provided to the subjects. Each subject completed the 21-item verbal memory forced choice test (FCT), the Rey IS-item test (Rey IS-item), the dot-counting test (DCT), the Word Recognition test (WR) that is part of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Battery (ADAS-Cog) and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). The WR test correctly classified 74.5% of subjects with a sensitivity of 93%. The FCT, with a cut-off of> 15.5, correctly classified 72.5% of subjects. A regression equation was computed by combining the FCT, DCT and SIMS. This correctly classified 74.5% of patients with a sensitivity of 69%. The DCT accurately identified 64% of the malingerers using a cut-off score of> 65.57. The Rey15-item test showed poor results and does not seem to be useful as a screening instrument. The WR test shows promise as a screening instrument for malingering. Combining tests when screening for malingering proved to be an effective way to distinguish between malingering of depressive symptoms and real symptoms. The results of this study will help provide guidelines to mental health workers on how to diagnose malingering in patients with depression more objectively.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Malingering is die opsetlike nabootsing of oordrywing van simptome vir persoonlike gewin in die konteks van eksterne vergoeding. As gevolg van die subjektiewe aard van simptome, kan depressie 'n relatief aantreklike opsie wees wanneer psigiatriese kondisies gesimuleer word. Bestaande maniere om te onderskei tussen werklike depressiewe simptome en moontlike malingering, gebruik tydrowende psigometriese toetse of onbetroubare onderhoudstegnieke. Kort siftingstoetse vir malingering kan 'n praktiese altenatief wees en onlangse Suid-Afrikaanse afsnypunte op toetse vir malingering is bepaal vir 'n studentesteekproef. Die doel van hierdie studie was om Suid-Afrikaanse afsnypunte te verkry vir malingeringstoetse vir mense met 'n diagnose van depressie. Een en vyftig subjekte met 'n diagnose van depressie (gemeet deur die Zung Depressieskaal) is ewekansig toegewys aan een van twee groepe: 'n eksperimentele groep van 25 subjekte (met die opdrag om simptome te simuleer op grond van 'n malingering-scenario) en 'n kontrolegroep van 26 subjekte (met die opdrag om hulle bes te doen in die toetse). Geen vergoeding is aan proefpersone gebied nie. Elke subjek het die 21-item verbal memory forced choice test (FfC), die Rey 15-item test (Rey IS-item), die dot-counting test (DCT), die Word Recognition test (WR) wat deel vorm van die Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Battery (ADAS-Cog) en die Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) voltooi. Die WR het 74.5% van die subjekte korrek geklasifiseer met 'n sensitiwiteit van 93%. Die FCT, met 'n afsnypunt van <15.5, het 72.5% van die subjekte korrek geklassifiseer. 'n Regressie-vergelyking is bereken deur 'n kombinering van die FCT, DCT en SIMS. Dit het 74.5% van die subjekte korrek geklassifiseer met 'n sensitiwiteit van 69%. Die DeT kon 64% van die malingeerders akkuraat identifiseer deur gebruik te maak van 'n afsnypunt van> 65.57. Die Rey IS-item toets het swak resultate getoon en blyk nie bruikbaar te wees as 'n siftingstoets nie. Die WR toon potensiaal as In siftingstoets vir malingering. Die kombinering van toetse wanneer pasiënte gesif word vir malingering blyk 'n effektiewe manier te wees om te onderskei tussen die malingering van depressiewe simptome en werklike simptome. Die resultate van hierdie studie kan help om riglyne te skep vir geestesgesondheidswerkers oor hoe om malingering van depressie meer objektief te diagnoseer.
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Libertin, Maria Nicole. "A Pediatrician's Role in Diagnosis and Treatment of Teenage Depression." NEOMED College of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ne2gs1621946482337814.
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Gesler, Toni L. "Differential diagnosis of head injury and depression in adults." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1343468.
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A differential diagnosis between head injury and depression is critical to ensure proper treatment and appropriate interventions. Knowledge about this can only aid counseling psychologists' work with this population and, identifying a measure that can assist in this process is essential. The purpose of this study is to measure the utility of the Dean — Woodcock Neuropsychological Assessment System (D-WNAS) in distinguishing individuals with head injury from those who have a primary diagnosis of depression, and general neurological impairment. Participants included 433 adults (222 males, 211 females) between the ages 20-55 years of age (mean = 35.3 years, SD = 10.97 years) from the Midwestern United States. During the individual's treatment in the neuropsychological laboratory, each person was administered the following: the Dean-Woodcock Structured Interview (Dean & Woodcock, 1999), mental status exam, the Woodcock Johnson — Revised Tests of Cognitive Ability (WJ-R COG; Woodcock & Johnson, 1989b), the Woodcock Johnson — Revised Tests of Achievement (WJ-R ACH; Woodcock & Johnson, 1989a), and the Dean-Woodcock Sensory Motor Battery (DWSMB; Dean & Woodcock, 1999). This study indicates that responses to D-WNAS can be used to reliably classify adults into groups of depression, head injury, and general neuropsychological impairment. In particular, responses to the D-WSMB portion of the D-WNAS can be used to reliably classify adults into groups of depression, head injury, and general neuropsychological impairment. Classification results revealed that the original grouped cases were classified with 62.6 % (p < .001) accuracy and with 73.2% overall accuracy when the head injury and general neurological impairment groups were combined and compared to depression and normative groups. The WJ-R COG and WJ-R ACH were not as reliable as the D-WSMB at predicting group membership.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Gilley, David William. "Depression on cortical and subcortical dementia syndromes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39755.
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The concept of subcortical dementia predicts higher rates of depressive symptomatology in dementia syndromes with predominant subcortical pathology. This hypothesis was evaluated by comparing the frequency and severity of depressive symptomatology in three diagnostic conditions: Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n=30) I subcortical vascular disease (SVD) (n=30), and Parkinson's disease (PD) (n=30). While AD and PD are prototypical exemplars of cortical and subcortical dementia syndromes respectively, SVD provides a test of the generality of the hypothesis as a subcortical neurodegenerative condition whose pathology is not confined to a single subcortical nucleus. A secondary aim of the study was to compare assessment methods for the ascertainment of depressive symptomatology. Assessment methods included the Hamilton Rating Scale for depression derived from interview with the patient's primary caregiver (HRSCG) and from interview with the patient (HRSEX), and the self-report Geriatric Depression Scale.
The severity of current depressive symptomatology across the three neurodegenerative disorders followed a consistent pattern across each method of assessment. Specifically, scores on self-report (GDS) , examiner ratings (HRSEX), and caregiver ratings (HRSCG) of depression were most severe in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) , intermediate in subcortical vascular disease (SVD), and least severe in Alzheimer's the ascertainment of depressive symptomatology.
Assessment methods included the Hamilton Rating Scale for depression derived from interview with the patient's primary caregiver (HRSCG) and from interview with the patient (HRSEX), and the self-report Geriatric Depression Scale.
The severity of current depressive symptomatology across the three neurodegenerative disorders followed a consistent pattern across each method of assessment. Specifically, scores on self-report (GDS), examiner ratings (HRSEX), and caregiver ratings (HRSCG) of depression were most severe in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) , intermediate in subcortical vascular disease (SVD), and least severe in Alzheimer'sPh. D.
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Vaughn, Gary L. "The construct validity of the short form geriatric depression scale (GDS)." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720318.
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The recognition and diagnosis of elderly depression has been the focus of much research over the last 20 years (Brink, 1982; Goodstein, 1985; Klerman, 1983). One problem in diagnosing depression in the elderly has been adequate assessment devices that are sensitive, specific, and predictable with this population (Yesavage et al., 1983). One assessment device developed specifically for the elderly is the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (Brink et al., 1982;Yesavage et al., 1983). This depression scale has yielded high reliability and validity with other self-rating depression scales. In recent research a Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale was produced containing 15 items, all from the original Long Form GDS. A problem with the Short Form involves the lack of research concerning its construct validity. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale does measure depression in the elderly, and therefore, does possess construct validity. To accomplish this task, it was believed that if significant correlations could be identified between various psychosocial variables highly associated with depression in the elderly and the Short Form GDS, validity could be established. The five psychosocial variables chosen: gender differences, physical/health problems, insufficient social support, marital status, and socioeconomic status (finances), have all been shown to be highly related-to depression in the elderly.The information used for this project was gathered from a survey questionnaire developed by the Institute of Gerontology at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. The survey questionnaire was sent to over 5,000 randomly selected elderly in the state of Indiana ranging in age from 60 to 85. Of the approximately 5,000 surveys, 2,979 were completed and returned. The survey incorporated questions concerning the five psychosocial variables reviewed and a modification of the Short Form GDS.In order to test the various hypotheses of the study, several analyses were conducted. Based upon the outcome of these analyses, it was concluded that the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale does possess construct validity. It was also concluded that the Short Form Geriatric Depression scale does assess depression in the elderly and thus is a valid instrument to use in the assessment of depression with the elderly adult.Based upon the information obtained from the survey following hypotheses were supported:a. Elderly individuals with physical disabilities and/or health related problems had higher total GDS scores on the Short Form. b. A positive relationship was found between physiological problems in the elderly and total GDS score.c. Elderly individuals having no social support system had higher total GDS scores on the Short Form.d. A negative relationship existed between an elderly individual's social support system and total GDS score.e. Elderly widows and widowers produced higher total GDS scores than married elderly.f. Elderly individuals with low economic status had higher total GDS scores than elderly individuals with high economic status.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Davis, Tommy E. Jr. "The Effectiveness of the Geriatric Depression Scale to Distinguish Apathy From Depression in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9109/.
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Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias in the elderly is critical for improving treatment methods and is a necessary component for improving public health interventions. One of the earliest and most common behavioral syndromes of AD is apathy and is associated with executive dysfunction. Apathy in AD is often misdiagnosed as depression due to an overlap in symptoms. Studies that have found depression to be associated with executive dysfunction have not always controlled for the presence of apathy. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a widely used instrument designed to assess depression in the elderly. This study utilized the GDS and a set of standard neuropsychological instruments to investigate the relationship between apathy, depression, and executive functions in individuals with AD and related dementias. The first objective of this study was to determine if apathy has a greater impact on executive functions compared to depression in AD and related dementias. The second objective was to determine the effectiveness of the GDS as a screen for apathy. The results of the analyses did not support the hypotheses. However, exploratory analyses suggested a possible non-linear relationship with apathy and various levels of dementia severity. Exploratory analysis also suggested mean levels of endorsement for apathy varied by diagnosis. Further research is warranted to investigate this relationship and the GDS endorsement patterns for caregivers regarding their impression of the demented individual.
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Vaux, Fleeta R. "Predicting depression using the Dean-Woodcock Sensory Motor Battery." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1536756.
Full textBooks on the topic "Depression, Mental Diagnosis Australia"
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Webb, Michele. Diagnosis and management of depression. Leawood, KS: American Academy of Family Physicians, 2000.
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1937-, Feighner John Preston, and Boyer W. F, eds. The Diagnosis of depression. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1991.
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Edward, Alpert Jonathan, and Fava M, eds. Handbook of chronic depression: Diagnosis and therapeutic management. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004.
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Koloska, Raimar. Messung von Demoralisation. Ludwigsburg: Wissenschaft & Praxis, 1994.
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Sargent, Marilyn. Plain talk about-- depression. [Rockville, Md.?: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 1994.
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Sargent, Marilyn. Plain talk about-- depression. [Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration], 1989.
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Depression: The essential guide. Woodston: Need-2-Know, 2009.
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Die depressive Reaktion: Probleme der Klassifikation, Diagnostik und Pathogenese. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.
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Poznanski, Elva O. Children's depression rating scale, revised (CDRS-R). Los Angeles, Calif: Western Psychological Services, 1996.
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D, Maser Jack, ed. Depression and expressive behavior. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Depression, Mental Diagnosis Australia"
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Jansson, Åsa. "Diagnosing Melancholia in the Victorian Asylum." In From Melancholia to Depression, 173–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54802-5_6.
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Abstract This chapter takes a close look at the mutually constitutive relationship between asylum casebooks and published literature on mental disease. It follows melancholia as it travelled back and forth between the casebook and the textbook, emerging as an increasingly coherent diagnosis. While medical literature presented melancholia in remarkably standardised terms toward the end of the century, by comparing published accounts with asylum journal notes from major county asylums situated in different parts of the country, this chapter shows how a vast and vastly divergent range of human expressions and experiences were moulded to fit increasingly narrow diagnostic criteria, and brings into focus the conflicts that arise and the negotiations that take place when complex human emotions are labelled and categorised as mental disorders.
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Browne, Tamara Kayali. "Know Thyself: Jane Discovers the Value of Her Depression." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 319–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_37.
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AbstractWestern culture tends to view depression more often than not as something to be avoided and eradicated. Yet there are individuals who have been through the journey of depression, diagnosis and treatment who challenge this view. In what follows, Jane recounts her story in which depression becomes a catalyst for understanding herself and her past. The insight she gained, in turn, led to self-growth—all of which she would not have gained had she not become depressed. Jane’s story also emphasises the importance of looking to the context of one’s depression—a view which presents a challenge to the current focus on the symptomatology of depression in medical manuals such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Jane felt that understanding the context in which her depression arose, which she achieved through talking therapy, was key to her recovery. Jane shows us what we potentially lose with our current focus, and the value that may actually be gained from the journey into and out of depression.
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Jansson, Åsa. "Melancholia and the New Biological Psychiatry." In From Melancholia to Depression, 89–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54802-5_4.
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Abstract This chapter centres on the development of a neurophysiological model of melancholia, which emerged within the new academic psychiatry in the German states at mid-century, and was taken up into British literature in the 1860s and 70s. It considers Wilhem Griesinger’s model of psychological reflex action, which he used to explain the aetiology of mental disorders. Building on Griesinger’s model, Richard von Krafft-Ebing in Germany and Henry Maudsley in Britain offered two of the period’s most comprehensive descriptions of melancholia as a modern biomedical mood disorder. Finally the new neurophysiological model of melancholia is considered in relation to neurasthenia, a fashionable diagnosis in the United States in the last quarter of the century.
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Maestrelli, Luiz Gustavo, Anderson Sousa Martins da Silva, and João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia. "Depression in homeless." In Homelessness and Mental Health, edited by João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Antonio Ventriglio, and Dinesh Bhugra, 215–24. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198842668.003.0016.
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Homeless people form a very vulnerable group in the population and are subject to a considerable number of clinical pathologies. Similarly, they are more susceptible to psychiatric illness, including depression. According to this review, it is possible to establish that there is a high prevalence of depression in this subpopulation. This is a fact that is reflected in several cities in the world, identifying a global issue. In addition, homeless people also have high suicidal ideation, especially when having depression, further contributing to poor mental health in these individuals. Early diagnosis of depression in homeless people promotes a significant improvement in the health of these individuals. Given the great vulnerability to which the homeless are subjected, the special therapeutic attention they need is evident. The high prevalence of depression also suggests that this group does not have adequate treatment for this condition. The few intervention studies (e.g. ACCESS programme, nursing interventions, mindfulness) reported positive results in reducing depressive symptoms. Therefore, it seems possible to control depression and to increase the quality of life of homeless people affected by depression.
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Fußer, Fabian, Tarik Karakaya, and Johannes Pantel. "Late-life depression." In Mental Disorders in Primary Care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746638.003.0017.
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Depression is one of the most prevalent mental diseases in late life, and is a tremendous burden on patients, their families and carers, and the healthcare system. Late-life depression (LLD) often affects people with chronic somatic illnesses, cognitive impairment, and disability. In the elderly, core symptoms of depression are much less pronounced. Instead, unspecific somatic complaints and cognitive impairment may dominate the clinical presentation, and a significant proportion of individuals with LLD goes undiagnosed. This may lead to increased mortality rates, in part attributed to the deleterious consequences of LLD on comorbid somatic illnesses or increased suicide rates. In order to improve prognosis, general practitioners in primary care settings have a prominent but challenging role in recognizing LLD. The diagnostic challenge also includes the differential diagnosis between depression, dementia, and delirium. The optimal management of LLD may include antidepressant drugs, non-pharmacological interventions such as psychotherapy (e.g. cognitive-behavioural therapy), as well as physical exercise.
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Bell, Stephanie C., Susan R. Barclay, and Kevin B. Stoltz. "Depression in College Students: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Campus Planning." In College Student Mental Health Counseling. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/9780826199720.0013.
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da Costa, Sabrina C., Marsal Sanches, and Jair C. Soares. "Bipolar Disorder." In Depression, edited by Carly Yasinski, Bonnie Seifert, Callan M. Coghlan, and Barbara O. Rothbaum, 102–17. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929565.003.0007.
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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and severe mental illness, associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. Depressive symptoms frequently prevail in the course of illness, and significant morbidity arises from acute affective episodes and subacute states. Phenotypically, unipolar and bipolar depression seem to share several clinical features, which leads to an average delay of 10 years between initial symptoms and the diagnosis of BD. Multidimensional approaches have been proposed to better predict BD in at-risk populations; however, the differential diagnosis between these two entities remains a clinical challenge. Similarly to other chronic conditions, it has been proposed that BD is also a progressive disorder, where multiple affective episodes may result in structural, functional, and neurobiological brain abnormalities that accelerate illness progression, with subsequent treatment resistance and reduction in interepisode interval. Therefore, strategies to improve diagnosis accuracy are pivotal to improve clinical outcomes and long-term prognosis in the course of BD. In this chapter, we aim to provide a critical overview of psychopathological, sociodemographic, and neurobiological features to help clinicians properly distinguish unipolar and bipolar depression. Pathological and therapeutic implications of misdiagnosing BD are briefly discussed.
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Patel, Nikita, Emily B. Kroska, and Zachary N. Stowe. "Postpartum Depression." In Depression, edited by Andrew Diederich, Jessica M. Jones, and Graham J. Emslie, 435–45. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190929565.003.0026.
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Perinatal care, including the management of mental health issues, is often under the auspices of primary care providers. This chapter provides an overview of identification, diagnosis, and treatment of postpartum depression (PPD). It reviews the prevalence of PPD in the general and minority populations, related disorders, common symptoms, and genetic and psychosocial risk factors to facilitate PPD management in the primary care clinic. The most commonly employed screening scale, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, has several advantages in the primary care setting. The potential adverse consequences of untreated PPD on the mother and her family underscore the importance of identifying and providing effective interventions, including preventive strategies, in high-risk groups. As a class, antidepressant medications have amassed a large reproductive safety literature, including considerable data in breastfeeding and women with PPD. Notably, psychosocial therapies have demonstrated equal efficacy in women with PPD and are viable treatment options.
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Tacchi, Mary Jane, and Jan Scott. "2. The modern era: Diagnosis and classification of depression." In Depression: A Very Short Introduction, 14–23. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199558650.003.0002.
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Although theories about the underlying causes of depression changed over the centuries, there was a remarkable level of consistency in the descriptions of the core symptoms with sadness and despondency accompanied by sleep problems and physical complaints. ‘The modern era: diagnosis and classification of depression’ reviews the contributions of Emil Kraepelin and Sigmund Freud to the current thinking on depression. Love them or loathe them, both men influenced thinking on the definition and boundaries of depression and how depression is diagnosed and classified. In more recent times, there have been international efforts to standardize approaches to diagnosis through the introduction of criterion-based classifications of mental disorders.
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Shorter, Edward. "Depression and Schizophrenia." In The Rise and Fall of the Age of Psychopharmacology, edited by Edward Shorter, 59–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197574430.003.0005.
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Depression and schizophrenia dragged down psychiatry's scientific status in the twenty-first century due to psychiatry’s inability to get beyond these two big diseases. Depression and schizophrenia formed the backbone of psychiatry since therapeutics are divided mainly into “antidepressants” and “antischizophrenics.” All forms of depression were accompanied by anxiety, and most forms of anxiety, except the psychotic variety, were accompanied by depression. The problem of psychopharmacology today was caused by the invention of new diagnoses that soon became profit centers for the pharmaceutical industry. The great river of diagnosis that flowed from nineteenth-century German psychiatry dominated the global picture of diagnosis and was considered heavily biological because it saw mental illness as brain disease.
Conference papers on the topic "Depression, Mental Diagnosis Australia"
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Darie, Cristina, Mihai Terpan, Alexia Balta, Alexandru Paul Baciu, Carmen Gavrila, Ana Fulga, and Anamaria Ciubara. "DUAL DIAGNOSIS. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSIVE SPECTRUM DISORDERS." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.20.
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Introduction: According to the studies, a quarter of people who drink alcohol suffer at least one depressive episode in their lifetime. It has also been found that one-third of people who suffer from depression, abusively consume psychoactive substances, such as alcohol, as a form of self-healing. Aim: In this retrospective study, we propose to statistically quantify the relationship between alcohol-related mental and behavioural illnesses and depression spectrum disorders. Method: The retrospective study was conducted on a group of hospitalized patients, between January 1st and June 30th, 2018, at "Elisabeta Doamna" Psychiatric Hospital, in Galati, Romania. For diagnosis we used the ICD-10 (The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. (Clinical description, diagnostic guidelines and psychometric tests, such as HAM-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale)), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Patients were selected among those who had a combination of mental and behavioural disorders due to alcohol and depressive spectrum disorders. Results: Between January 1st and June 30th, 2018, a quarter of total 6316 hospitalized patients, or 24.79% (1566 patients) were diagnosed with alcohol-related disorders, and 5.4% (341 cases) had a dual diagnosis, with alcohol-related disorders associated with depressive elements. During this 6-month period, of all cases of alcohol-related disorders, it was found that approximately 22% had a dual diagnosis, respectively, the combination of alcohol-related disorders with depressive spectrum disorders or depressive elements. Conclusions: Unfortunately, it is estimated that depression will become a secondary cause of disability worldwide after cardiovascular disease. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), this disease affects more than 320 million people worldwide, and its combination with alcohol abuse is alarming. Therefore, patients with dual diagnosis require a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach to reduce or even neutralize the adverse consequences that may occur in the psycho-social, medical, family, economic, or behavioural context.
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Jacques, Isabelle. "6 ‘I’m sick!’: how the way one talks about their mental health diagnosis guides their journey to recovery." In Preventing Overdiagnosis Abstracts, December 2019, Sydney, Australia. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-pod.112.
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Chirita, Anca Livia, Mihaela Popescu, Veronica Calborean, Victor Gheorman, and Ion Udristoiu. "PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOCRINE DYSFUNCTIONS." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.25.
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Introduction: Psychiatric disorders occurring during endocrine dysfunction and, conversely, endocrine dysfunctions associated with mental disorders were the emergence of a new discipline, psychoendocrinology. Psychiatric disorders correlated with endocrine diseases are defined as psychopathological manifestations of variable intensity and clinical symptomatology, determined by complex psycho-neuro-endocrinological interrelationships. Defining elements consist of the association between diagnosis of mental disorders and specific symptoms for endocrine dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a prospective one-year study (January 2018 - December 2018 on 112 patients hospitalized in the Clinic of Psychiatry who also had an endocrinological comorbidity. We investigated the frequency and severity of psychoendocrinological associations by studying a number of demographic and clinical items. Results: The results showed that the highest incidence belongs to thyroid disorder - 55.36%, followed by gonadal disorders - 24.11%, and, rarely, pituitary diseases and diabetes. Hyperthyroidism was associated most frequently with manic episodes, while unipolar depression prevailed in patients with hypothyroidism. In gonadal disorders, present in majority in female patients (secondary amenorrhea, menopause or erectile dysfunction in males), depression accompanied by anxiety, often severe in intensity, was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. Psychotic disorders were met in a smaller number of cases, especially in patients with long history of endocrine disorders and instability of biological constants. Conclusions: We may state that affective disorders are the most frequent nosologically category in patients with endocrine dysfunctions. It requires a better collaboration between specialists in endocrinology and psychiatry, to highlight the determinants which contribute to the development of psychopathological manifestations in endocrine diseases and to individualize the treatment depending on cases’ particularities.
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Rezaeian, N., L. Tang, and M. Hardie. "PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS AND RISKS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.42.
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The construction industry faces many challenges, one of which is the difficult to define psychosocial influences. The construction sector has highly demanding employment conditions, long working hours and sometimes unfeasible terms of project execution. Psychosocial influences represent emotional as well as physiological characteristics which impact the immediate environment. Some construction personnel face psychosocial problems that can lead to depression or suicide. The research conducted in this paper focuses on the psychosocial status of personnel working in construction companies, in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the psychosocial hazards observed in the construction industry in NSW. Practitioners in two private construction companies and one government department having construction project management experience in NSW were involved in the survey. The data analysis indicates that most workers experienced being pressured to stay back and work long hours. This led to workers being ‘very frequently’ tired. Regarding bullying, Respondents reported that the frequency of they experienced ‘exclusion or isolation from workplace activities’ was ‘monthly’. Being ‘Subjects of gossip or false, malicious rumours’ was reported as happening ‘weekly’ and ‘Humiliation through gestures, sarcasm, criticism or insults’ was said to happen ‘almost daily’. This study's findings indicate that construction projects could have unaddressed psychosocial hazards and risks, each of which may be a potential factor for accidents and occupational and psychological injuries. The data displayed from this research could help understand psychosocial hazards. Spreading awareness on the issue can hopefully be a step towards improving the mental health of construction workers while decreasing the overall suicide rate.
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Ogechi, Nnenna Okereke, Rosa Maria Ortega, Dr. Ramos, and Philomena Akpoveso Oke-Oghene. "Prevalence of Depression Among Medical Students Of The American International University, West Africa." In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28n2p13.
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Background: Depression is one of the major mental disorders experienced by people of various age groups and works of life all over the world. Those in the medical field are not excluded. With the intense training and high level of physical, mental and emotional demands placed on medical students, they tend to become depressed. This not only affects their learning process or overall academic performance; it also affects them professionally in the future, which in turn would lead to compromise in patient care. In The Gambia, there is a lack of data on the prevalence of depression and the impacts it has on medical students. Thus, this study assessed the prevalence of depression among students of the American International University West Africa (AIUWA), The Gambia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of AIUWA over a two-month period (June to July 2021). A self-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics. Diagnosis of depression was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A total of 100 students were included in this study. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: The overall prevalence of depression among the participants was 36%, with PHQ-9 scores ≥ 10. With regards to the severity of depression, 26 (26%), 21 (21%), 11 (11%), and 4(4%) students were classified as having mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression respectively. Efficiency of monthly allowance (p = 0.022, Φ = 0.251, V= 0.251), self-rated academic performance (p = 0.012, Φ = 0.297, V = 0.297) and prior history of depression (p = 0.001, Φ = 0.347, V = 0.347), were independently associated with depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among medical students of the American International University, is high, and is associated with inefficient monthly allowance, consumption of alcohol, average academic performance and prior history of depression. It is recommended that there should be an implementation of a guidance and counseling department within the university., Keywords: Depression, Medical Students, AIUWA, University, West Africa Proceedings Reference Format
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Elshaikh, Usra Abushara, Rayan Sheik, Raghad Khalid Saeed, Tawanda Chivese, and Diana Alsayed Hassan. "Barriers and Facilitators to Mental Health Help-seeking among Older Adults: A Systematic Review." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0125.
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Background: Older adults are very unlikely to seek mental health help. There are multiple factors that contribute to a person’s final decision to seek formal help. The aim of this study is to systematically review and summarize quantitative literature on the barriers and facilitators that influence older adult’s mental health help-seeking behaviors. Methods : Four databases including PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, ProQuest central, and Scopus were searched to identify barriers and/or facilitators to mental health help-seeking behaviors. Studies were included if they satisfied the following criteria: Articles that were quantitative studies published during the period between 2015-2021, that address barriers and/or facilitators to mental health help seeking among older adults aged 65 years old or older and examining depression, anxiety, and psychological distress disorders. Help-seeking was defined as receiving a consultation from health professionals such as a general practitioner, clinical psychologist, councilor, or social worker. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: Five cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. These studies were from Australia, United States, and Malaysia, and were carried out during the period 2015-2021. Two studies examined both facilitators and barriers while three studies examined barriers only. Neither of the studies examined facilitators only. The prevalence of seeking mental health help among elderly people ranged between 77% to 82%. Cost, stigma, and beliefs of the effectiveness of mental health counseling, were the most reported key barriers. Main reported facilitators included prior positive experience with mental health services, high level of education, and a high-income level. Conclusion: The findings reported in this systematic review can be used in future research and practical implications to assess the barriers and facilitators among older adults.
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"The Prevalence of Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology and Use of Antidepressants Among Breast Cancer Patients :A Cross-Sectional Study ." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/xsxm3127.
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Background: breast cancer is considered as one the most common type among women worldwide and for Jordanian citizens according to Jordan Ministry of health that there was around 1292 (38.4%) new cases of breast cancer reported in 2020, and The diagnosis of breast cancer is usually associated with psychological stress such as Anxiety and depression that is resulting from the diagnosis itself, where if it's was incurable diseases, fear of death, fear of loss, at the end previous studies show that there is a higher prevalence of depressive disorder which is up to two to three times more than the general population. Objective: Our goal in this cross-section study is to find out the prevalence of psychological and depressive disorders correlates to breast cancer (BC) in outpatient and inpatient setting as it was approved that depression is comorbid to cancer that should not be neglected. We also aim to identify risk factors of depression among study participants like cancer stage ( initial or later), income and marital status, and type of intervention chemotherapy or radiation therapy plus their treatment sessions Method: This study was conducted at king Abdullah university hospital in Irbid, King Hussein cancer center (KHCC), and queen Alia Military hospital in Amman, Jordan. More than 400 formed the study sample include inpatient and outpatient setting of breast cancer using in them Depression and anxiety assessment scale. In the inpatient setting The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) instrument used, which is a 14-question instrument given to patients in a secondary care setting to screen for the presence and severity of depression and anxiety. Also, the beck depression Inventory (BDI) used, which is a self-report rating inventory that measures characteristics, attitudes, and symptoms of depression. In the outpatient setting The PHQ-9 instrument which includes nine questions given to the patient in primary care settings. The anxious symptomatology defined by using the GAD-7 instrument with a total score of 15 and above indicating a case with severe anxious symptomatology. Results: Our study findings demonstrated a higher prevalence of depressive and anxious symptomatology in the inpatient setting and advanced disease stages. In addition, the underutilization of antidepressant therapy was observed. there for we need to consider mental disorder as part of the treatment protocol for breast cancer patient. Keywords: anxiety , antidepressants medications, breast cancer, depression, inpatient, Jordan, outpatient
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Dewi, Rizka Amalia, Ambar Mudigdo, and Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari. "The Biopsychosocial Determinants of Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Evidence from Surakarta, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.47.
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ABSTRACT Background: A cancer diagnosis and its treatment can be expensive. So that cancer patients may suffer from mental and physical problems. Quality of life (QOL) is a major concern of patients with terminal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the biopsychosocial determinants of quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study. A sample of 200 patients with breast cancer was selected by a simple random sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were age, marital status, stage of cancer, chemotherapy, length of disease, coping strategy, family income, and modal social. Quality of life was measured by WHO-QOL-BREF. The other variables were collected by a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Strong modal social (b= 2.52; 95% CI= 0.82 to 4.22; p= 0.003), complete chemotherapy (b= 1.65; 95% CI= -0.05 to 3.35; p= 0.057), length of diagnosis ≥24 months (b= 2.39; 95% CI= 0.69 to 4.22; p= 0.006), family income ≥Rp 5,600,000 (b= 2.94; 95% CI= 1.24 to 4.64; p= 0.001), and good coping strategy (b= 1.70; 95% CI= 0.11 to 3.29; p= 0.036) increased quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Late stage of cancer (b= -2.09; 95% CI= -3.78 to -0.40; p= 0.015) and depression (b= -2.48; 95% CI= -4.26 to -0.69; p= 0.001) decreased quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Age decreased quality of life (b= -0.87; 95% CI= -2.94 to 2.77; p= 0.952), but it was statistically non-significant. Marital status increased quality of life (b= 1.32; 95% CI= -0.35 to 2.99; p= 0.123), but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Strong modal social, complete chemotherapy, length of diagnosis ≥24 months, family income ≥Rp 5,600,000, and good coping strategy increase quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Late stage of cancer and depression decrease quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Age decreases quality of life, but it is statistically non-significant. Marital status increased quality of life, but it is statistically non-significant. Keywords: quality of life, breast cancer Correspondence: Rizka Amalia Dewi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia. Email: drizkaez@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282313121768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.47
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Wu, Leyi, Jing Luo, and Huihui Guo. "An interactive design solution for prenatal emotional nursing of pregnant women." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001973.
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With the continuous development of interactive technology, informatization has begun to integrate into people's life[1].Having been neglected in history, postpartum depression reminds us that we need to pay attention to maternal emotional needs and prenatal care[2]. In the current situation, it is worth researching the interactive products for prenatal emotional care. According to the survey, it is not difficult to find that some speech emotion and facial expression recognition technologies in artificial intelligence are developing Which have large potential for extensive use.[3,4]. Therefore, it is necessary and feasible to design prenatal emotional diagnosis tools for pregnant women. This study has designed a product to care for pregnant women by identifying their emotional needs through AI recognition technologies. Appropriate prenatal intervention is conducive to the prevention of postpartum depression[5,6] . The use of artificial intelligence recognition technology can provide an appropriate emotional care plan. This can reduce the difficulty of training medical personnel and the difficulty of relatives caring for pregnant women. Therefore, the risk of postpartum depression can be reduced. QUESTIONCollecting opinions and information from previous studies is an important reference for this study. Therefore, this study needs to solve the following problems.1) How to design an artificial intelligence product that can accurately diagnose the emotion of pregnant women?2) How to integrate AI facial emotion recognition technology?3) How to help nurses and their families take care of users more professionally and easily through the information database?4) How to adapt the emotional care program provided by interactive products to different pregnant women? Methods:the research methods of this study are as follows:1) Observing the working process of artificial midwives and psychologists to find Which part can be assisted by machines[7].2) To understand the emotional needs of pregnant women through interview.3) To brainstorm according to the real data collected before and research findings, and then design interactive products that can practically solve the emotional care problems of pregnant women.4) Through the experiment of AI emotion recognition technologies, the feasibility of emotion recognition is verified. CONCLUSIONS:With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, more and more artificial intelligence products have entered our life [1]. This study is aimed to help pregnant women prevent prenatal and postpartum depression and maintain their health through artificial intelligence interaction technologies. This study is exploring the solution under the help of artificial intelligence after studying the problem that prenatal and postpartum emotion are neglected. This design is still in the conceptual design stage, but it seems only a matter of time before this design is applied in the future[8]. REFERENCES:[1]. Lee H S , Lee J . Applying Artificial Intelligence in Physical Education and Future Perspectives. 2021.[2]. Beck C T . Postpartum depression: it isn't just the blues.[J]. American Journal of Nursing, 2006, 106(5):40-50.[3].Ramakrishnan S , Emary I M M E . Speech emotion recognition approaches in human computer interaction[J]. Telecommunication Systems, 2013, 52(3):OnLine-First.[4]. Samara A , Galway L , Bond R , et al. Affective state detection via facial expression analysis within a human–computer interaction context[J]. Journal of Ambient Intelligence & Humanized Computing, 2017.[5]. Clatworthy J . The effectiveness of antenatal interventions to prevent postnatal depression in high-risk women[J]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2012, 137(1-3):25-34.[6]. Ju C H , Hye K J , Jae L J . Antenatal Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Prevention of Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Study[J]. Yonsei Medical Journal, 2008, 49(4):553-.[7]. Fletcher A , Murphy M , Leahy-Warren P . Midwives' experiences of caring for women's emotional and mental well-being during pregnancy[J]. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2021.[8]. Jin X , Liu C , Xu T , et al. Artificial intelligence biosensors: Challenges and prospects[J]. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2020, 165:112412.
Reports on the topic "Depression, Mental Diagnosis Australia"
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.
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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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Schnabel, Filipina, and Danielle Aldridge. Effectiveness of EHR-Depression Screening Among Adult Diabetics in an Urban Primary Care Clinic. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are important comorbid conditions that can lead to more serious health outcomes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) supports routine screening for depression as part of standard diabetes management. The PHQ2 and PHQ9 questionnaires are good diagnostic screening tools used for major depressive disorders in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This quality improvement study aims to compare the rate of depression screening, treatment, and referral to behavioral health in adult patients with DM2 pre and post-integration of depression screening tools into the electronic health record (EHR). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of DM2 and no initial diagnosis of depression or other mental illnesses. Chart reviews included those from 2018 or prior for before integration data and 2020 to present for after integration. Sixty subjects were randomly selected from a pool of 33,695 patients in the clinic with DM2 from the year 2013-2021. Thirty of the patients were prior to the integration of depression screening tools PHQ2 and PHQ9 into the EHR, while the other half were post-integration. The study population ranged from 18-83 years old. Results All subjects (100%) were screened using PHQ2 before integration and after integration. Twenty percent of patients screened had a positive PHQ2 among subjects before integration, while 10% had a positive PHQ2 after integration. Twenty percent of patients were screened with a PHQ9 pre-integration which accounted for 100% of those subjects with a positive PHQ2. However, of the 10% of patients with a positive PHQ2 post-integration, only 6.7 % of subjects were screened, which means not all patients with a positive PHQ2 were adequately screened post-integration. Interestingly, 10% of patients were treated with antidepressants before integration, while none were treated with medications in the post-integration group. There were no referrals made to the behavior team in either group. Conclusion There is no difference between the prevalence of depression screening before or after integration of depression screening tools in the EHR. The study noted that there is a decrease in the treatment using antidepressants after integration. However, other undetermined conditions could have influenced this. Furthermore, not all patients with positive PHQ2 in the after-integration group were screened with PHQ9. The authors are unsure if the integration of the depression screens influenced this change. In both groups, there is no difference between referrals to the behavior team. Implications to Nursing Practice This quality improvement study shows that providers are good at screening their DM2 patients for depression whether the screening tools were incorporated in the EHR or not. However, future studies regarding providers, support staff, and patient convenience relating to accessibility and availability of the tool should be made. Additional issues to consider are documentation reliability, hours of work to scan documents in the chart, risk of documentation getting lost, and the use of paper that requires shredding to comply with privacy.