Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Depression analysis'
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1
Sobocki, Patrik. "Health economics of depression /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-897-5/.
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Zhu, M. (Mo). "Sentiment analysis on medical treatment of depression." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201611103002.
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Applying ICT approach to contribute to improving human’s life is a good purpose for researchers (Pannel, 1993). Thus, implementing products or services with new techniques can be quite an interesting and meaningful topic. Nature language processing is a mature technique may apply machine learning and this technique has already been applied to many applications to server people such as Siri, Chatbot and Google Now. Sentiment analysis is a subject in nature language processing, however, it has not been applied to many fields in our daily life.
Depression is a mental disease which caused a lot of trouble in sociality (Hamilton,1960). It causes a huge damage in people’s daily life in the mental aspect instead of the physical painful. And it is also proved by (Help, 2013) that this kind of mental causing a lot of troubles to patients. Quite many researchers are working to find some better treatments for it. However, similar to any other mental disease, there are many treatments existing for different patients and finding the best treatment for a patient can be a quite difficult job. Thus, in this research, I’m trying to validate the function of the sentiment analysis system by applying the data about depression.
In order to achieve this problem, I have defined three research questions which lead to solving this problem. (1) What is the best algorithm for implementing the sentiment analysis system? (2) What is the best existing sentiment lexicon library which can be applied to implement the sentiment analyzing system? (3) How to implement the sentiment analysis system with a selected sentiment lexicon library? During the research process, I review the literature which is related to these questions to find out the answers.
After all, I selected an open source the sentiment lexical library named SentiWordNot3.0 which was implemented based on an algorithm has the feature of Kth-Nearest Neighbor algorithm and Support Vector Machine. And it proved that following approach can be actually used in sentiment analysis in the medical domain.
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Lohman, Matthew. "Frailty and Depression: A Latent Trait Analysis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3324.
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Background: Frailty, a state indicating vulnerability to poor health outcomes, is a common condition in later life. However, research and intervention progress is hindered by the current lack of a consensus frailty definition and poor understanding of relationships between frailty and depression. Objectives: The goal of this research is to understand the interrelationships between frailty and depression among older adults. Specifically, this project aims 1) to examine the construct overlap between depression and three definitions of frailty (biological syndrome, medical burdens, and functional domains), 2) to determine the degree to which this overlap varies by age, gender, race/ethnicity and other individual characteristics, 3) to evaluate how the association between frailty and depression influences prediction of adverse health outcomes. Methods: This project uses data from the 2004-2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), an ongoing, nationally-representative cohort study of adults over the age of 55. Frailty was indexed by three alternative conceptual models: 1) biological syndrome, 2) cumulative medical burdens, and 3) functional domains. Depressive symptoms were indexed by the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale. Latent class analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the construct overlap between depressive symptoms and frailty. Latent growth curve modeling were used to evaluate associations between frailty and depression, and to estimate their joint influence on two adverse health outcomes: nursing home admission and falls. Results: The measurement overlap of frailty and depression was high using a categorical latent variable approach. Approximately 73% of individuals with severe depressive symptoms, and 85% of individuals with primarily somatic depressive symptoms, were categorized as concurrently frail. When modeled as continuous latent factors, each of the three frailty latent factors was significantly correlated with depression: biological syndrome (ρ = .67, p <.01); functional domains (ρ = .70, p <.01); and medical burdens (ρ = .62, p <.01). Higher latent frailty trajectories were associated with higher likelihood of experiencing nursing home admission and serious falls. This association with adverse health outcomes was attenuated after adjustment for depression as a time-varying covariate. Conclusions: Findings suggest that frailty and frailty trajectories are potentially important indicators of vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Future investigations of frailty syndrome, however it is operationalized, should account for its substantial association with depression in order to develop more accurate measurement and effective treatment.
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Suzuki, Tsudoi. "Comparative analysis of depression in homeless populations." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2393.
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The purpose of this project was to find out whether or not there were specific factors that made homeless people depressed. Finding depression factors will help to establish strategies and programs that would prevent homeless people from being depressed. The current study tested the hypothesis that basic needs and education are needed to help in factoring depression.
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Abd, Yusof Noor Fazilla. "Computational approaches to depression analysis : from detection to intention analysis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238393.
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The proliferation of social media-based research on mental health offers exciting possibilities to complement traditional methods in mental health care. As ascertained by psychology experts, the online platform should get priority over offline as it offers considerably reliable diagnosis than granted in person. Early detection does not only alleviate the effects of depression on the patient but also benefits the whole community. In this thesis, we explore computational methods in tackling some of the research challenges in depression analysis and make four contributions to the body of knowledge. First, we develop a binary classification model for classifying depression-indicative text from social media. We propose three feature engineering strategies and assess the effectiveness of supervised model to enhance the classification performance in predicting posts indicate depression. To tackle the short and sparse social media data, we particularly integrate the coherent sentiment-topic extracted from the topic model. Additionally, we propose strategies to investigate the effectiveness of affective lexicon in the task of depression classification. Second, we propose a computational method for analysing potential causes of depression from text. With this study, we demonstrate the ability to employ the topic model to discover the potential factors that might lead to depression. We show the most prominent causes and how it evolved over time. Furthermore, we highlight some differences in causes triggered between two different groups, i.e. high-risk of depression and low-risk. Hence, this study significantly expands the ability to discover the potential factors that trigger depression, making it possible to increase the efficiency of depression treatment. Third, we develop a computational method for monitoring the psychotherapy outcome from the individual psychotherapy counselling. Third, we develop a computational method for monitoring the psychotherapy outcome from the individual psychotherapy counselling. By doing this, we show the possibilities of utilising the topic model to track the treatment progress of each patient by assessing the sentiment and topic discussed throughout the course of psychotherapy treatment. Fourth, we propose an unsupervised method called split over-training for identifying user's intention expressed in social media text. We develop a binary classification model for classifying intentions in texts. With this study, we want to show the possibility of applying the intention analysis in mental health domain. Overall, we demonstrate how computational analysis can be fully utilised to benefit clinical settings in mental health analysis. We suggest that more future work could be further explored to complement the traditional settings in mental health care.
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Blackhurst, Zachary Joseph. "Predictors of Paternal Postpartum Depression: A Meta-Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9211.
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While major depression is a well-defined mental health condition, it's presentation can be vastly different across individuals and groups, and many factors impact one's vulnerability. A critical period of vulnerability to depression is the postpartum period. Despite the frequent assumption that postpartum conditions solely affect women, prevalence estimates of paternal postpartum depression (PPPD) are comparable with those of women. Similar to mothers, men experience significant biological and psychosocial changes following the birth of a child that contribute to the onset of postpartum depression. A growing body of research has identified many potential variables related to PPPD, yet there is no clear consensus as to which variables are the most impactful. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a meta-analysis to aggregate the known findings and quantitatively determine the most salient predictors of PPPD. We hypothesized that the psychosocial factors of relationship satisfaction, social support, partner depression and history of depression would yield the strongest aggregate effect sizes. By searching databases using logical operations, as well as conducting backward and forward searches, we identified 129 articles that met inclusion/exclusion criteria with a total sample size of 114,712 participants (79,743 fathers). Trained independent coders extracted data directly from identified studies, including sample characteristics for descriptives and moderators, and demographic correlates. Correlates of primary interest include but are not limited to maternal depression, history of depression, relationship satisfaction, and social support. Effect sizes represented as Pearson correlations (or transformed to r using standard procedures) were calculated and compared using a random-effects model. In partial support of our hypothesis, fathers' reported history of depression had one of the largest effect sizes (r = .469, unbiased r = .368). The other primary psychosocial factors had relatively moderate effect sizes: social support, r = -.359 (unbiased r = -.398); relationship satisfaction, r = -.300 (unbiased r = -.266); and partner depression, r = .294 (unbiased r = .471). The correlates of PPPD with the strongest effect sizes were all factors associated with personal distress and stressful pregnancies. Demographic correlates (i.e., younger age, non-White ethnicity, lower education, unemployment, lower SES) generally had small though statistically significant effect sizes. This study helps provide a clearer picture of what predicts PPPD to more accurately screen for men at greatest risk and inform the development of diagnostic measures and treatments. It also lays the groundwork for future work in a more unified and productive direction. By researching and sharing better information, we can provide better access and better outcomes for postpartum couples.
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Stewart, Matthew, and John Regan. "Meta-Analysis: Pharmacological Treatment of Depression in Advanced Cancer." The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614293.
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Class of 2013 AbstractSpecific Aims: To evaluate efficacy of the current pharmacological treatment of depression in the adult advanced and terminal cancer patient population. Methods: Trials assessing a pharmacological treatment for depression in cancer patients were found using MEDLINE and PSYCINFO databases. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to generate a random effects model forest plot, a funnel plot, classical fail-safe N, I2, and Kendall’s tau. Main Results: Ten studies, with an aggregate population was 1,167 patients, were used in this meta-analysis to generate a random effects variance model. The effect size was 0.42 +/- 0.09 (p < 0.01). I2 for aggregate data was 66.16 (p < 0.01). Kendall’s tau with continuity correction was 0.272 (P-value [2-tailed] = .244). The classic fail-safe N was 151 (p < 0.1). Three studies reported a significant increase in adverse effects between treatment and comparison group. Conclusion: Antidepressants were shown to have a moderate effect size when treating depression in advanced and terminal cancer patients. These medications were well tolerated. Antidepressant medications are beneficial as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for cancer patients diagnosed with depression.
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Sutton, Joyce. "Depression in Caregivers of Alzheimer’s Patients: Concurrent Validity of Two Depression Scales." TopSCHOLAR®, 1987. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2066.
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Forty-five male and female family caregivers of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized Alzheimer’s Disease patients were assessed for depression, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Internal consistency and concurrent validity for the BDI and GDS were acceptable, based on item-total correlation, coefficient alphas, and a Pearson’s Product-moment correlation. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine which variables predict depression in Alzheimer’s caregivers. Using the traditional cut-off score of 11 for each scale, it was found that 42% were depressed on the BDI, while 58% were depressed on the GDS; these rates were not significantly different. No difference in depression rate was found between male and female caregivers or between spouse and adult daughter caregivers. However, the depression rate for the caregiver sample was significantly higher than that reported for the general population of older adults. The regression analysis showed that only two variables were predictive of depression in this group of Alzheimer’s caregiver. The less frequently the caregiver spent time away from the patient, the less frequently the caregiver had help in caring for the patient, the more likely the caregiver was to be depressed. It is suggested that social support may be an important factor in the prevention and/or alleviation of depression in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Future research is suggested including validation of the BDI and GDS for Alzheimer’s caregivers, using a large representative sample.
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Kay, Sheran Maria. "An analysis of memory loss in dementia and depression." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Psychology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3978.
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Previous studies comparing memory loss in dementia and depression
have been criticised for failing to equate for differences in initial learning
ability. The purpose of this study was to see if elderly depressed subjects
would demonstrate a normal "U" shaped serial position curve (i.e. the
tendency to show increased recall of items at the beginnings and
endings of lists) after their level of recall was reduced to the same level
as subjects with dementia by decreasing the time to study each item.
Groups of normal (N=20), depressed (N=20) and dementing (N=20)
subjects were examined for their ability to remember serially presented
words and pictures. The results of analyses revealed that while
depressed subjects showed significant memory loss, pattern of memory
recall clearly distinguished them from the demented group. In
comparison to the dementia sample, depressives continued to show a
robust "primacy effect" (i.e. better recall of words from the beginnings of
lists). Results were consistent for both visual and verbal modalities. This
finding is in accord with previous research suggesting that memo,ry loss
experienced in depression is characteristically different from that found in
dementia. The serial position paradigm may be clinically useful for
distinguishing patients with early dementia from elderly depressed
patients with memory deficits.
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NGUYEN, ERIK. "OREGON: ANALYSIS OF OREGON’S RESPONSE TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613370.
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The following paper details some of the most important reactions the State of Oregon had to the Great Depression during the 1930s.The majority of the work available today on the Great Depression deals with what the federal government did to help the states, but seldom is there information on what the states did themselves. Professor Price Fishback, of the University of Arizona, has provided his honors students with an opportunity to work on a project that has never been done before. With the data we now have, we are able to talk about what the states did during the Great Depression and back it up with hard evidence. By looking through state statutes and newspapers from the 1930s, I was able to construct a narrative describing Oregon during that time. A regression analysis is also included to find the effects of five variables on state tax revenue per capita and I was able to compare these variables with Oregon’s surrounding states to see how they all fared in comparison. The thesis paper provides us with greater insight to the State of Oregon during the Great Depression as well as a better understanding to the data that we currently have.
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González, David Andrés. "Evaluating Preventative Interventions for Depression and Related Outcomes: a Meta-analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700044/.
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The burden of depression requires modalities other than individual psychotherapy if we are to reduce it. Over the past two decades preventative programs for depression have been developed and refined for different populations. The six years since the last meta-analysis of preventative interventions—inclusive of all program types—have seen a number of new studies. The current study used the greater statistical power provided by these new studies to analyze moderators of, and sub-group differences in, the effect of these interventions on depression. Moreover, this meta-analysis synthesized effect sizes for outcomes other than, but often related to, depression (e.g., anxiety) and for within-group change scores with the goal of better informing program implementation and evaluation. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and indicated that small, robust effects exist for reductions in depression diagnoses and symptomatology. Significant effects were also observed for anxiety, general health, and social functioning.
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Cutler, Scott V. "The Relationship of Depression, Gender, and Sex Roles." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6038.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between gender and depression as a function of sex roles. Four hundred twenty subjects were recruited from two introductory psychology courses at Utah State University. Subjects completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
A difference was found in the rate of depression between females and males that exceeds the generally accepted 2:1 ratio. There was a female to male ratio of approximately 4:1 in the group of subjects who indicated a high level of depression on the Beck Depression Inventory.
Multiple Regression Analysis was computed to examine the relationship between the dependent variable (BDI scores) and the independent variables (BSRI Masculinity scale, Femininity scale, and four factors of the BSRI). Factors indicating nurturing, independence, and activity were negatively correlated with depression. The Masculinity scale was positively correlated with depression.
These findings contradict the theory that being feminine contributes to the higher incidence of depression among females. The results suggest that people with more active, independent, and nurturing personality traits are less inclined to be depressed.
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Betz, John M. "Spiritual Struggle, Death, Depression, and Public Health." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1526315350278655.
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Drew, Maria Laura. "A discourse analysis of women's and men's narratives on depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq20732.pdf.
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Doherty, Sharon Marie. "Depression in Parkinson's disease : A neutopsychological and functional neuroanatomical analysis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500128.
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Seligman, Laura Diane. "Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: A developmental analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37640.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine a model explaining a pathway from anxiety to depression in youth. Additionally, a second model was considered examining specifically the worry component of anxiety and its role in the development of depression. Path analyses were used to examine the relationships between general anxiety and worry and academic competence and functioning, social competence and functioning, attributional style, hopelessness, and depression. In addition, the impact of sex and cognitive ability on these relationships was examined.
Results revealed that anxious and depressive symptomatology were significantly correlated. Further, some support was found to suggest that the significant relationship between self-reported anxiety and depression was partially mediated through social and/or academic variables as well as attributional style and hopelessness. While sex was not found to significantly impact these relationships, cognitive ability did moderate the relationship between worry and academic functioning even when other variables were considered simultaneously. The implications of these findings for treatment and research are discussed.Ph. D.
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Hannan, Julie. "Older mothers' experiences of postnatal depression : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2015. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/17416/.
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This study uses Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis to explore the lived experience of postnatal depression. The four participants, all aged 30 years or above at the birth of their first child, had never suffered from depression prior to the birth. Each was interviewed on two separate occasions, with a period of 4 to 6 months between interviews. The inductive approach of IPA sought to capture the richness and complexity of participants’ lived emotional world. Six superordinate themes emerged from the interviews: striving to be a perfect mother; feeling a failure; being sucked dry; shame of the others gaze; feeling stuck and overwhelmed and becoming lost. Participants sacrificed themselves in the hopeless pursuit of their own expectations of being the perfect mother and fulfilling all their child’s needs. Not wanting to appear inadequate to others, and desperate to make sense of what was happening to them, they continued to suffer in silence in a context of depleting resources and the loss of their former life, wellbeing and sense of self. The findings suggest that particular themes of postnatal depression exist within older mothers’ experiences. While such themes may be less relevant to younger mothers, their presence suggests a tailored treatment approach for older first-time mothers with PND. Aspects of these findings can be found in previous postnatal depression research with primigravida and multigravida women of varying ages. In a situation where postnatal depression is the most common complication of childbearing in the UK, affecting between ten and fifteen percent of new mothers (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2014) and where the birth rate for women aged 30+ is growing faster than for any other age group in the UK, research that furthers understanding of the experience of postnatal depression for mothers in this age group can help guide interventions and support. (The words ‘postnatal depression’ and ‘postpartum depression’ are used interchangeably in this text).
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Yury, Craig A. "Analysis of empirical research on augmentation strategies for unipolar depression." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3316366.
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Mora, Katherine. "Diet and Depression: A Secondary Analysis from NHANES 1999-2002." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194112.
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This Ph.D. dissertation presents results that shed light on whether there is an association between dietary intake and depressive disorder, feelings of sadness, or thoughts of death. This question is investigated in the context of a secondary data analysis using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. Subjects in this study were identified as a subpopulation of the NHANES survey that completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview questionnaire for major depression. The presence of depression may lead to a decline in dietary intake and nutritional status. Conversely, poor dietary intake may have a role in the etiology of depression. Specifically, depression is associated with lower plasma, erythrocyte, phospholipid, and adipose tissue omega-3 fatty acids. Little is known about the comprehensive dietary intake of those with depression or depressive symptoms. Initially, comparisons of the dietary profile between those with and without depression or depressive symptoms were investigated. Secondly, analysis was done to determine the relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and depression or depressive symptoms. Lastly, to clarify the relationship between diet and depression, misreporting of dietary energy intake was evaluated.No significant differences in the dietary profile or nutritional biochemistries were found between the altered mood and normal mood groups. No significant differences were found in dietary omega-3 fatty acids between the depressed and non-depressed groups, even after adjusting for confounding variables. Misreporting of energy intake was not significantly associated with altered mood status and remained non-significant after adjusting for confounding variables. In both groups, a significant decreasing trend in the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate (EI:BMRest) was found as body mass index increased.Based on dietary intake alone, the relationship between depression and specific nutrients may not be apparent. Dietary intake among those with depression and depressive symptoms appears to be adequate, but adequacy may not be sufficient as a route for prevention or management of depression. Further investigation of diet and depression ought to measure diet, including nutrition supplements, and biochemical levels of nutrients from a broader age range of adults and children and those with comorbid illnesses.
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Harlow, Christina. "A Critical Analysis of Healing Touch for Depression and Anxiety." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293465.
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The use of provider based alternative medicine therapies such as chiropractic, massage, and acupuncture, has grown exponentially over the past decade as the price of traditional Western treatments has skyrocketed. Patients are seeking complementary treatments for a variety of ailments, including mental health. People with profound mental illness also have a reduced life expectancy and higher rates of chronic health problems than non-sufferers; and roughly 20% of people who used alternative therapies in the past year also had one or more psychiatric disorders. Healing Touch (HT) is based on the belief that humans have energy fields that change with states of illness; these energy fields can be manipulated to achieve wholeness or wellness. As nurses, touch has always been a part of our practice therefore it should not be a significant departure to entwine HT into our practice. Both anecdotal and research evidence has found that using HT for patients reduces anxiety and stress, helps support the life transition process, promotes self-empowerment, and enhances spiritual development. The implication of this evidence is that people suffering from anxiety and depression could benefit from HT in the primary care setting. When compared to the high cost of treating these illnesses, HT and other energy therapies are cost effective and have evidence supporting that treatment is effective enough to be inclusive. Depression and anxiety are extremely common and cross cultures, generations, and economic statuses. This describes the burden related to these conditions and why integrating HT in primary care practice is a viable, sustainable option. Current literature and research are discussed, and recommendations for practice in the form of a clinical practice protocol are presented.
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Huxtable, David. "Late-life depression : a systematic review of meta-analyses and a meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy in older adults with co-morbid physical illness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7915.
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Aims: To examine the efficacy of CBT for late-life depression in older adults with co-morbid physical illness and to review what has been revealed by meta-analytic studies with regards moderators of treatment in psychological approaches for late-life depression. Method: Systematic literature search and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) evaluating CBT for depression in older adults with co-morbid physical illness and systematic review of meta-analyses examining psychological therapies for late-life depression. Results: Nine papers met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. CBT was superior to waiting list and treatment as usual control conditions, showing a statistically significant pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) of 0.63 (95 per cent CI, 0.29 to 0.97, p = 0.0003). This was largely maintained at follow up (SMD 0.5, 95 per cent CI, 0.08 to 0.92). Sensitivity analysis showed individual CBT yielded a large, statistically significant summary effect size of 0.80 (95 per cent CI, 0.45 to 1.16), but that group CBT did not show statistical superiority over controls. Clinician-rated measures of depression yielded larger effect sizes, with a SMD of 1.57 (95 per cent CI, 0.56 to 2.59, p = 0.002) as compared with patientrated measures: 1.03 (95 per cent CI, 0.75 to 1.31, p = 0.0001). Fourteen meta-analyses met inclusion criteria for systematic review. More recent publication was significantly correlated with increased reporting quality and reduced analysis of moderating factors. Duration of treatment, treatment setting and gender of participants showed no moderating impact on outcome. Depression severity, participant age, treatment modality, and study quality showed no consistent relationship with outcomes. Active or placebo controls were associated with reduced effect sizes when compared with no treatment or waiting list controls. Patient-rated outcome measures were associated with reduced effect sizes as compared with clinician-rated measures. Conclusions: When compared with treatment as usual and waiting list controls Individual CBT is effective in reducing depressive symptoms for depressed older adults with an underlying physical illness. Meta-analytic studies of late-life depression show variable results regarding moderators of treatment efficacy. More high quality studies examining the effectiveness of psychological therapies are needed with clinically representative older populations, particularly, the older-old and those with co-morbid physical illnesses.
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Bulbeck, Kevin. "Path analysis of relationships between automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes and symptoms of depression during group cognitive therapy for clinical depression /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17250.pdf.
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Scott, Virginia Anne. "Exercise and depression causal sequence using cross-lagged panel correlation analysis /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9982.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Tennyson, Sarah Elizabeth. "An Analysis of Postpartum Depression and Care Seeking Behaviors in Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/120.
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Postpartum depression is recognized as an important maternal and child health issue. Postpartum depression is the most common perinatal psychiatric disorder and one of the most common complications of childbirth. Studies show prevalence rates in women ranging from 10% to 25%. Postpartum depression affects the emotional wellbeing of mothers, infant behavior, mother-infant bonding, and marital relationships. However, the majority of women who experience postpartum depression do not seek care. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the demographic differences between women in Georgia who report symptoms of postpartum depression but do not seek care, versus women who report postpartum depression symptoms and seek care. Approximately 15% of respondents in this study reported postpartum depression. Of these women, approximately 80% did not seek care for their symptoms. This analysis found that women with the following characteristics were more likely to not seek care for depression: non-White and Hispanic women; women that were uninsured before their pregnancy; women that had their prenatal care paid for by Medicaid or the Military; and women who did not seek care for depression during their pregnancy. The results of this study may help to guide the implementation of public health interventions among postpartum women in Georgia.
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Priestley, Jemma. "Experiences of living with a partner with depression : a thematic analysis." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16877/.
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According to the Office of National Statistics (2011), approximately six million people provide unpaid care to a family member. The growth of interest in the carer role has helped establish the idea that the provision of informal care warrants attention because of the relationship between caring and burden. It has been suggested that living with someone with depression is comparable to that of other serious mental health problems, such as schizophrenia or dementia. Furthermore, there is evidence that partners are most at risk of burden within the informal caregiving context. The meta-ethnography of existing research indicates that qualitative studies which specifically explore the experiences of living with a family member with depression are somewhat heterogeneous regarding types of relationship with the depressed individual. Combining different relationships (e.g. partners, siblings and parents) within the same study makes it difficult to disentangle data and therefore gaining an in-depth understanding of specific experiences is almost impossible. This study therefore aimed to explore the experiences of living with a partner with depression. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine female and four male participants who live with a partner with depression. A critical realist perspective was held and data was analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six phases of thematic analysis (2006), with the assistance of MAXQDA. Results identified five key themes: ‘making sense of the depression’; ‘the depression cannot be compartmentalised’; ‘a light at the end of the tunnel’; ‘learning to navigate the ‘depression’ maze’; and ‘gaining a new perspective’. The findings illustrate that living with a partner with depression is not a static process and that the needs of the depressed partner are constantly changing. Furthermore, although the findings outline a sequential process that appears cyclical in nature, recognition is given that the phases are dynamic and may overlap. Clinical implications and recommendations are discussed within the context of the Care Act (2014).
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Albus, Teri Lynn. "Men's depression, help-seeking and heterosexual relationships : a secondary gender analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46436.
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Men’s depression is a complex health care issue in Canadian society. Depression has negative impacts on many aspects of men’s lives including work performance, school achievement and relationship success. Adherence to hegemonic masculine ideals including strength and self-reliance lead some men to keep depression hidden amid broader social stigma whereby mental health challenges are often equated with weakness. Heterosexual men who experience depression rely heavily on relationship support from their women partners and often refuse to seek help from health care providers or engage with public health services. In order for men’s depression services to be effective, they must celebrate hegemonic masculine values including leadership and strength while acknowledging the key role women partners play in encouraging depressed men to seek help. Results include how depressed men go to great lengths to keep it hidden, attempt self-management, say that they want help but seldom make efforts to seek it, rely heavily on their women partners for support, make efforts to shield women partners from the most negative aspects of their condition and acknowledge that their women partners are critical to their recovery.
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Granzier-Nakajima, Riako, and Riako Granzier-Nakajima. "Rhode Island and The Great Depression: An Analysis of Reactionary Legislation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621921.
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The United States government instituted ground-breaking programs in the wake of the Great Depression, some of which were mainly left to the states to implement. This autonomy led to large differences in the implementation and later recovery of these states. There currently exists a dearth of state level analysis of this period, which this paper aims to remedy. Through the investigation of Rhode Islands’ actions in the 1930’s in regards to recovery and federal programs, this paper establishes that individual state characteristics and actions have great impact on the states recovery. In Rhode Island, an unstable political climate led to inconsistent techniques in raising revenue and decreasing unemployment. Depending on the majority political party, either taxes were increased and federal funds were sought after or state independence and smaller government were pursued. In either case progress was slowed by constant argument in the state legislature. It is also shown, in a statistical analysis of the state, that public works loans and percent of foreign born state population had statistically significant negative effects on per capita state tax revenue, an important source of revenue for the state.
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Hupp, Gregory S. "Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Geriatric Depression Scale Among Cardiac Patients." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277866/.
Full textAbstract:
The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was originally designed as a measure for screening depression among elderly medical patients. Although this instrument is well validated among a general medical population, it has never been evaluated with specific regard to cardiac patients, the largest single group of medical patients over 40 years of age. A general cardiac sample of 655 patients completed the GDS within 10 weeks of the cardiac event. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the main sample, then on several subgroups of participants with regard to diagnostic category, gender, and age. The GDS generally produces factor structures with several symptom domains with a high rate of total variance. The myocardial infarction group endorsed general symptoms of depression whereas the coronary artery bypass graft group reported greater levels of despair regarding their condition. Overall, males primarily reported agitation and hopelessness while females reported symptoms of depressed mood.
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Jamil, Zunaira. "Monitoring Tweets for Depression to Detect At-Risk Users." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36030.
Full textAbstract:
According to the World Health Organization, mental health is an integral part of health and well-being. Mental illness can affect anyone, rich or poor, male or female. One such example of mental illness is depression. In Canada 5.3% of the population had presented a depressive episode in the past 12 months. Depression is difficult to diagnose, resulting in high under-diagnosis. Diagnosing depression is often based on self-reported experiences, behaviors reported by relatives, and a mental status examination. Currently, author- ities use surveys and questionnaires to identify individuals who may be at risk of depression. This process is time-consuming and costly.
We propose an automated system that can identify at-risk users from their public social media activity. More specifically, we identify at-risk users from Twitter. To achieve this goal we trained a user-level classifier using Support Vector Machine (SVM) that can detect at-risk users with a recall of 0.8750 and a precision of 0.7778.
We also trained a tweet-level classifier that predicts if a tweet indicates distress. This task was much more difficult due to the imbalanced data. In the dataset that we labeled, we came across 5% distress tweets and 95% non-distress tweets. To handle this class imbalance, we used undersampling methods. The resulting classifier uses SVM and performs with a recall of 0.8020 and a precision of 0.1237.
Our system can be used by authorities to find a focused group of at-risk users. It is not a platform for labeling an individual as a patient with depres- sion, but only a platform for raising an alarm so that the relevant authorities could take necessary interventions to further analyze the predicted user to confirm his/her state of mental health. We respect the ethical boundaries relating to the use of social media data and therefore do not use any user identification information in our research.
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Murray, Linda Jennifer. "Postnatal depression in Central Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63485/1/Linda_Murray_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Postnatal depression (PND) is a significant global health issue, which not only impacts maternal wellbeing, but also infant development and family structures. Mental health disorders represent approximately 14% of global burden of disease and disability, including low and middle-income countries (LMIC), and PND has direct relevance to the Millennium Development Goals of reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and creating global partnerships (United Nations, 2012; Guiseppe, Becker & Farmer, 2011). Emerging evidence suggests that PND in LMIC is similar to, or higher than in high-income countries (HIC), however, less than 10% of LMIC have prevalence data available (Fisher, Cabral de Mello, & Izutsu 2009; Lund et al., 2011). Whilst a small number of studies on maternal mental disorders have been published in Vietnam, only one specifically focuses on PND in a hospital-based sample. Also, community based mental health studies and information on mental health in rural areas of Vietnam is still scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of PND, and its associated social determinants in postnatal women in Thua Thien Hue Province, Central Vietnam. In order to identify social determinants relevant to the Central Vietnamese context, two qualitative studies and one community survey were undertaken. Associations between maternal mental health and infant health outcomes were also explored.
The study was comprised of three phases. Firstly, iterative, qualitative interviews with Vietnamese health professionals (n = 17) and postpartum women (n = 15) were conducted and analysed using Kleinman's theory of explanatory models to identify narratives surrounding PND in the Vietnamese context (Kleinman, 1978). Secondly, a participatory concept mapping exercise was undertaken with two groups of health professionals (n = 12) to explore perceived risk and protective factors for postnatal mental health. Qualitative phases of the research elucidated narratives surrounding maternal mental health in the Vietnamese context such as son preference, use of traditional medicines, and the popularity of confinement practices such as having one to three months of complete rest. The qualitative research also revealed the construct of depression was not widely recognised. Rather, postpartum changes in mood were conceptualised as a loss of 'vital strength' following childbirth or 'disappointment'. Most women managed postpartum changes in mood within the family although some sought help from traditional medicine practitioners or biomedical doctors.
Thirdly, a cross-sectional study of twelve randomly selected communes (six urban, six rural) in Thua Thien Hue Province was then conducted. Overall, 465 women with infants between 4 weeks and six months old participated, and 431 questionnaires were analysed. Women from urban (n = 216) and rural (n = 215) areas participated. All eligible women completed a structured interview about their health, basic demographics, and social circumstances. Maternal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a continuous variable. Multivariate generalised linear regression was conducted using PASW Statistics version 18.0 (2009). When using the conventional EPDS threshold for probable depression (EPDS score ~ 13) 18.1% (n = 78) of women were depressed (Gibson, McKenzie-McHarg, Shakespeare, Price & Gray, 2009). Interestingly, 20.4% of urban women (n = 44) had EPDS scores~ 13, which was a higher proportion than rural women, where 15.8% (n = 34) had EPDS scores ~ 13, although this difference was not statistically significant: t(429) = -0.689, p = 0.491. Whilst qualitative narratives identified infant gender and family composition, and traditional confinement practices as relevant to postnatal mood, these were not statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Rather, poverty, food security, being frightened of your husband or family members, experiences of intimate partner violence and breastfeeding difficulties had strong statistical associations. PND was also associated with having an infant with diarrhoea in the past two weeks, but not infant malnutrition or acute respiratory infections.
This study is the first to explore maternal mental health in Central Vietnam, and provides further evidence that PND is a universally experienced phenomenon. The independent social risk factors of depressive symptoms identified such as poverty, food insecurity, experiences of violence and powerlessness, and relationship adversity points to women in a context of social suffering which is relevant throughout the world (Kleinman, Das & Lock, 1997). The culturally specific risk factors explored such as infant gender were not statistically significant when included in a multivariable model. However, they feature prominently in qualitative narratives surrounding PND in Vietnam, both in this study and previous literature. It appears that whilst infant gender may not be associated with PND per se, the reactions of close relatives to the gender of the baby can adversely affect maternal wellbeing.
This study used a community based participatory research approach (CBPR) (Israel.2005). This approach encourages the knowledge produced to be used for public health interventions and workforce training in the community in which the research was conducted, and such work has commenced. These results suggest that packages of interventions for LMIC devised to address maternal mental health and infant wellbeing could be applied in Central Vietnam. Such interventions could include training lay workers to follow up postpartum women, and incorporating mental health screening and referral into primary maternal and child health care (Pate! et al., 2011; Rahman, Malik, Sikander & Roberts, 2008). Addressing the underlying social determinants of PND through poverty reduction and violence elimination programs is also recommended.
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Cannon, Melinda. "Comorbid Anxiety and Depression: Do they Cluster as Distinct Groups in Youth?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/287.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most common pairs of co-occurring psychological disorders in children and adolescents is anxiety and depression. This high frequency of co-occurrence has led to research examining the structure of anxiety and depression, specifically the shared and unique aspects of these syndromes. The tripartite model accounts for the overlap between the disorders by suggesting that they are related because they share the feature of negative affect or general psychological distress. The model further proposes that they can be differentiated by their unique features of physiological hyperarousal (anxiety) and low positive affect (depression). Factor analytic research has shown that anxious symptoms and depressive symptoms can be structurally distinguished and research on the tripartite model has suggested their conceptual distinction. However, research has not shown that anxiety and depression cluster as distinct symptoms in samples of youth. The current study used cluster analysis to examine the grouping of individuals based on their levels of anxiety and depression. It was hypothesized that four groups would emerge-- anxiety only, depression only, comorbid anxiety and depression, and low/no symptoms. Further analyses using the tripartite model variables provided support of the accurate classification of individuals and this model was shown to be a useful tool in differentiating anxious symptoms from depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses regarding developmental differences in the structure of anxiety and depression provided mixed support.
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Bryan, Amanda Erin Brody. "Peer-Administered Interventions for Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297007.
Full textAbstract:
A variety of psychotherapies have been demonstrated to be efficacious and effective treatments for depression. The cost of psychotherapy, however, and its low availability in some contexts pose significant treatment barriers for many depressed individuals. Based on the idea that peers (i.e., individuals who have successfully recovered from similar problems) may be uniquely able to provide empathy and support to those currently receiving treatment, some community mental health centers have implemented peer treatment models that employ recovered former clients as cost-effective adjunct providers. The effectiveness of these and other peer-administered interventions (PAIs) has not been well-established. The current study is a meta-analysis of the existing outcome research on PAIs for depression. Twenty-six studies were identified as eligible for inclusion and yielded 30 between-groups effect sizes and 29 pre-post PAI effect sizes. Study characteristics and methodological quality were coded and random-effects models were used to calculate and compare mean effect sizes. PAIs produced significant pre-to-post treatment reductions in depression symptoms that were comparable to those found in well-established professionally-administered interventions (.4554). In direct comparisons, PAIs performed as well as professionally-administered treatments (.0848). but not significantly better than treatment-as-usual (e.g., periodic physician check-ins or availability of community mental health services) and wait-list control conditions (.0978). These findings did not change after adjusting for the moderate degree of publication bias in the data. Moderation models revealed that professionally-co-administered PAIs produced significantly worse outcomes than those that were purely peer-administered, and that educational/skills-based PAIs (but not supportive PAIs) produced better outcomes compared with professional treatments. Limitations of this analysis included the heterogeneity of the included interventions and the lack of data on mediators and moderators. Still, these findings suggest that PAIs have promise as effective depression treatments and are worthy of further study.
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Chiu, Pui-ying Alice, and 趙珮盈. "Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of onset of depression, a meta-analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206927.
Full textAbstract:
Background
Due to the aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, the global prevalence of diabetes had been steadily rising. The onset of depression among this diabetes population is a public health issue because of the negative impact on diabetes self-care, treatment adherence and increases in healthcare costs.
Three previous meta-analyses have showed that diabetes patients are at an increased risk of developing depression when compared to their non-diabetes counterparts. However, none of these meta-analyses have included primary studies that consisted of primarily Chinese subjects or have considered studies published in Chinese. Thus, there is a knowledge gap for a meta-analysis to study the onset of depression among both Chinese and non-Chinese diabetes subjects.
Methods
Studies will be selected based on the pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies that are ambiguous to this study criterion will not be selected. Studies are retrieved from three electronic databases, PUBMED, Cochrane library and Wanfang databases. Keywords of “diabet*” and “depress*” where “*” indicated a truncated term were used to identify articles related to diabetes and depression. Only longitudinal studies are selected. Chinese and English articles that are published on or before 31 July 2013 are considered. Besides data collection, quality assessment are also performed based on a tool developed with reference to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.
Results
12 longitudinal studies are identified after the quality assessment procedures, with one study being a Chinese study from Taiwan. In this meta-analysis, the pooled unadjusted odds ratio was 1.26 [95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.45]. The pooled adjusted hazards ratio is 1.26 [95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.41]. Since both pooled unadjusted odds ratio and pooled adjusted hazards ratio estimates did not include 1, it may imply that the increases in risk of depression onset among diabetes subjects are significant, whether controlled for confounding factors or not.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis showed a significant increase in the risk of depression onset among Chinese and non-Chinese diabetes subjects, when compared to their non-diabetes counterparts. There are possible public health implications for depression screening needs for the diabetes population in Hong Kong.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Spiegelhalter, Kate Lauren. "Creative interventions in mental health : a critical analysis of the mindfulness agenda in Sussex." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65776/.
Full textAbstract:
Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a manualised psychosocial, group-based 8 week course specifically designed for people with a history of depression. This study responds to the huge growth in the credibility of MBCT as a therapeutic option in the NHS as well as a rise in the popularity and awareness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). This study is based on semi-structured interviews (N=38) with stakeholders in the field of MBIs in Sussex, and an online survey of Sussex NHS Foundation Trust (SPFT) staff (N=203), as part of a wider collaborative ethnography embedded within the Trust. It contributes to existing literature on the efficacy of MBIs by exploring existing provision and follow-up support, reviewing the perceived benefits and costs of embedding MBCT into the health services. This study has a particular focus on participants of a recent SPFT Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) ‘Mindfulness for Voices' that investigated the efficacy of this therapy for people who hear distressing voices. This study brings together both the empirical and theoretical with its focus on mindfulness as a therapeutic technique that epitomises links between the mind, the body and society. This study draws on sociological work on embodiment and emotion in order to understand the experience of innovation as well as of MBIs – starting from the observation that many of those leading this area of research and implementation are also practising mindfulness. Furthermore, this study maps the theoretical shift from a narrow medical model of mental illness to one that characterises emotional health within a holistic and integrated paradigm, and which is influencing and shaping current practice. Key findings from this study are that MBIs, and MBCT in particular, can be beneficial to a diverse range of stakeholders within Sussex, including patient groups that were previously excluded from ‘talking cures' such as those with a diagnosis of psychosis. Factors that influence the acceptability, visibility and utilisation of an innovation such as MBCT include the role of opinion leaders and champions in garnering support, as well as the degree to which expectations about the future of this intervention are managed. Drawing on sociologies of knowledge and innovation in the health services, the case is used to show the use of experiential knowledge alongside evidence in bringing about innovation. Clinicians also work to develop accounts of the ‘values' at stake in MBIs; drawing on both evidence and experiential knowledge. The implementation of MBIs into the mainstream health service helps to illuminate some of these practices through being used to address conditions such as chronic pain and severe anxiety disorders which were hitherto seen as untreatable and characterised as ‘complex needs', or medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and which can be stigmatising.
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Ettel, Deborah Jean. "The measurement of emotion regulation : a confirmatory analysis /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10220.
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Wieland, Douglas Scott. "A NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LEARNED HELPLESSNESS IN RAT (GENETICS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184251.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research project was to look for a neuropharmacological correlate to the behavioral deficits seen in learned helplessness (LH). The fact that antidepressant drugs reverse the deficits seen in a helpless rat, strongly suggests that the deficit is due to some neurochemical imbalance. This imbalance could be due to either the uncontrollable stressor or genetically induced. The three experiments suggest that there are fundamental differences in the way the CNS of helpless-prone rats and helpless-resistant rats cope with unpredictable and inescapable footshock. The goal of Experiment I was to search for a correlation between LH and receptor changes in the frontal cortex. The results did not support the hypothesis. The use of a heterogeneous stock of rat may have masked any basic differences between helpless-prone and helpless-resistant rats with regard to the 5-HT₂ and β-adrenergic receptors in the frontal cortex. Based on previous studies and the results from Experiment I, one could argue that there exists a genetic component in LH. The results from Experiment II suggest a strong genetic component to LH, not unlike that found in certain forms of human depressive disorders. Accordingly, rats from eight different stocks were tested for susceptibility to LH training. Of the eight stocks tested, Kyoto and Charles River Holtzman rats were the most susceptible at 53% and 55%, respectively. Overall, the variability ranged from 0% to 50%. These results indicate that wide differences in susceptibility to LH training exist in rats from different stocks or suppliers. The results of Experiment II suggested that the Kyoto Wistar rat would be a reliable inbred strain in which to study LH. With regards to the original goal of this research, it was decided that an evaluation of different neuro-transmitter systems during the LH paradigm would yield a potential for success in finding a biochemical marker that would differentiate LH-prone from LH-resistant rats. The results of Experiment III suggest, at least in hippocampus, that the serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) systems are differentially affected in the LH-prone and LH-resistant rat. In particular 5-HT levels are not affected by stress alone, but are increased in LH-prone rats following a frustrating test session. Also, the NE metabolite MHPG, is not affected by stress, but does increase in the LH-prone rat following testing. Both of these results differentiate the LH-prone and LH-resistant rat. In conclusion, the three experiments suggest that there is a genetic component in LH and that the NE and 5-HT systems are differentially affected by uncontrollable and inescapable shock in LH-prone and LH-resistant rats.
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Mascaro, Nathan. "Longitudinal analysis of the relationship of existential meaning with depression and hope." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4258.
Full textAbstract:
Although researchers are now able to assess reliably the variable of existential meaning,
quality longitudinal investigations of meaning's relationship with specific clinical variables are
scarce. The author conceptualizes existential meaning as a composite of personal, spiritual, and
implicit meaning. These latter three variables are, respectively, the experience of one's particular
life as having purpose and coherence, experiencing a transcendent or spiritual presence from
which one derives a sense of unique purpose, and manifesting attitudes and behavior that are
normatively valued. Utilizing a sample of 395 male and female undergraduates and employing
the framework subscale of the Life Regard Index-Revised (LRI-R-framework), the Spiritual
Meaning Scale (SMS), and the Personal Meaning Profile (PMP) to measure personal, spiritual,
and implicit meaning, respectively, the author explored existential meaning's relationship over
time with depressive symptoms (as measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, depression
scale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and depression scale of the Personality
Assessment Inventory) and hope (as measured with the Herth Hope Scale, the Adult State Hope
Scale, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale). A latent cross-lagged panel analysis of the relationship
between meaning and depression over 2 one-month time periods indicated that meaning exerted
unidirectional influence on depression, with decreases in meaning leading to increases in
depressive symptoms. Additionally, hierarchical regression analysis showed that individuals with low levels of existential meaning were more likely than those with higher meaning levels to
experience increased symptoms of depression in response to increased stress levels. Because the
newly developed SMS (appended to this paper) was the only meaning measure exhibiting
sufficient discriminant validity with regard to hope, only the SMS was entered in cross-lagged
panel analysis measuring its relationship to hope over the 2 one-month periods of time, with
results indicating that spiritual meaning and hope reciprocally influence one another. Existential
meaning seems appropriately conceptualized as a construct consisting of personal, spiritual, and
implicit components. Because this construct can be assessed reliably and may play a role in the
etiology and alleviation of depressive symptoms, the author calls for increased research within
clinical settings on methods for optimizing individuals' levels of existential meaning.
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Lee, Kenneth John. "Investigation into the clinical correlates of depression : a quantitative and qualitative analysis." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437659.
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Smith, Justin Mark. "Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of cortical spreading depression in the feline brain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621849.
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Walker, Cyndi D. (Cyndi Dianne). "Stress in Parents of Children with ADHD vs Depression: a Multicultural Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278888/.
Full textAbstract:
Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are often reported as experiencing more stress than parents of normal children. The bulk of this research has been conducted primarily on a Caucasian population, however, providing little information regarding multicultural aspects of parenting stress. Research has also been lacking in attention given to the stress related to parenting a child with internalizing disorders.
The purpose of this study was 1) to compare parenting stress reported by mothers of children with ADHD to parenting stress reported by mothers of children with depressive disorders, and 2) to compare parenting stress as reported by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic mothers.
Results indicated that mothers of ADHD children experienced more parenting stress related only
to their children's hyperactive and distracting behaviors. Contrary to previous research, Caucasian mothers reported significantly more overall and parent-related parenting stress than African American mothers.
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Morgan, Caroline Ann. "Depression during pregnancy : a qualitative exploration into the lived experience of pregnant women with depression and a review of the effects on early child developmental outcomes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21995.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Maternal mental health during pregnancy and its effects on offspring outcomes have received increased attention as a public health concern. Recent policies have highlighted the need for better universal perinatal services and to routinely incorporate attention to mental health into antenatal care. This thesis aimed to examine and evaluate current research into the effects of maternal antenatal depression on child psychological, development and developmental psychopathology. A research study was carried out with the aim of understanding the subjective experiences of women with antenatal depression during pregnancy and their transition to motherhood. Method Quantitative studies, exploring the relationship between antenatal depression and early child development were reviewed systematically. The empirical study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to investigate the experience of antenatal depression in pregnant women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants who were pregnant and recruited from a perinatal mental health service. Results The small number of papers considered suitable for this review highlights the lack of good quality research in this field. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review, demonstrating mixed results regarding whether antenatal depression effects early child development. Studies were predominantly of poor methodological quality, with inconsistent results and limited by the use of differing antenatal depression and infant development outcomes, making cross study comparisons difficult and weakening any conclusions that could be drawn. In the empirical study one super-ordinate theme, ‘The Lost Self’, and four main themes emerged. Conclusions Findings were inconsistent and of poor quality, and so we cannot say for sure whether antenatal depression itself is associated with adverse outcomes for young children. Further rigorous research on antenatal depression and adverse early child outcomes is needed in order to try and disentangle the effects of both antenatal and postnatal depression on each other and on child development. The findings from the empirical study contribute to an increased understanding of the experiences and challenges faced by women experiencing depression during pregnancy. The study highlights the need for improved awareness of depression during pregnancy to improve understanding of this disorder during the antenatal period.
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Kloppers, Anelda. "The construction of childhood depression in South African women's interest magazines." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62643.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study aimed to explore the constructions of childhood depression as portrayed in South African women's interest magazines. Departing from a postmodern paradigm and utilising a social constructionist framework, these magazines were regarded as part of larger mass media discourses on childhood depression. The magazines contribute to the construction of 'truths' about childhood depression in its audience. To explore the research question, three of the highest circulating magazines in South Africa containing texts related to childhood depression were identified. The magazines were aimed not only at women, but at both English- and Afrikaans-speaking women, and at African, Caucasian, and possibly Coloured women. The hardcopies of these magazines were sourced from the publisher for a period of approximately two years each. A total of 20 articles that spoke to childhood depression were identified in these magazines. Two forms of analysis were used in a mutually enriching and recursive manner. The contextual analysis allowed an enriched insight into the context of the articles. The thematic analysis gave way to themes and subthemes to emerge. It was found that although perceptions in these articles were most often in line with professional psychological knowledge, at times it failed to speak to uniquely South African concerns regarding childhood depression, and often reified problematic discourses. It was concluded that mass media may be a powerful tool to employ by government organisations, health professionals, and social scientists, to address problematic mental health discourses in South Africa.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Psychology
MA
Unrestricted
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Kaur, Baljit. "Therapy of depressives symptoms among Chinese older adults: a meta-analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45169354.
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Moore, Elliot II. "Evaluating objective feature statistics of speech as indicators of vocal affect and depression." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5346.
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Schwartz, Sari D. "Atypical depression, body mass, and left vetricular mass analysis of data from CARDIA /." Download the thesis in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Schwartz2005.pdf.
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Caswell, Stephen Edward. "Fibromyalgia : insights from narrative analysis : cognitive factors associated with depression in breast cancer." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695268.
Full textAbstract:
Fibromyalgia: insights from narrative analysis. Drawing on narrative data from an autobiographical interview with a man who has fibromyalgia, this study provides an exploration of how stories from his life are used in the construction of a preferred identity The analysis focuses on thematic content, linguistic and structural phenomena, and on dialogic-performable aspects of the narrative. Themes are discussed In relation to the construction of a preferred identity. As narratives are co-constructed the contributive role of interpersonal, social positional, and ideological aspects of the interview setting are considered. A secondary gain of pain that is set within a communicative context is detailed. The discussion examines how preferred identity narratives can hide meaning from both narrator and audience as a defence against anxiety. The implications of this for healthcare and psychotherapeutic practice are considered. For instance, that a patients underlying concerns about their sense of self and identity must be addressed if successful behavioural change is to occur. The study offers insights that may enrich a holistic therapeutic approach in the care of individuals with FM. Cognitive factors associated with depression in breast cancer.
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English, Marie. "An exploration of mature undergraduate students' experiences of depression : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2018. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/25938/.
Full textAbstract:
This research was an idiographic investigation of the first-hand accounts of mature undergraduate students with depression. Participants were drawn from one Institution of Higher Education in Ireland. The number of mature students entering Higher Education in Ireland is increasing annually. The number of individuals with a diagnosis of depression is increasing also. To date, very little research has examined the experiences of mature undergraduate students with depression, in the Irish context. The focus was on undergraduate studies as the research aimed to examine an individual's first experiences of Higher Education. As the study aimed to provide a description of an individual's experiences of studying with depression, the participants had a current diagnosis of depression and were taking antidepressant medication. It is routine in Ireland to prescribe antidepressants for mild depression (e.g. HSE, 2016). Data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight students aged between twenty-six and fifty years. Data were examined using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith et al, 2010), which is an approach that facilitates a hermeneutic phenomenological enquiry into the unique lived experience, as well as convergences among participants. Based on the analysis of the material, the students' experiences were organised into three main themes: Journey through Academia with Depression; Managing Depression; and Altered Self. These themes indicated that the experience could be characterised as a journey through academia, with the journey getting increasingly more difficult as students entered their third and fourth years of a four-year undergraduate degree. Findings revealed that individuals had a complicated relationship with medication, and that they sought other ways in which to manage their depression. They also revealed the changes to their sense of self that they expressed as taking place during their academic journey. Individuals' accounts communicated the stigma around depression, the distinct dynamic among mature undergraduate students in relation to why they have come back into education, the difficulties in engaging in group work for individuals who experience depression, feeling isolated or disconnected, the challenges of receiving feedback on academic work, and a self-critical voice. The extent of suffering articulated by the participants leaves no uncertainty about the gravity of depression and the implications for their academic experience. Findings, which have implication for counselling psychologists working with mature students in HE, are discussed.
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Gentry, James. "Marijuana Use and the Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603629.
Full textAbstract:
A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the evidence pertinent to the relationship between marijuana use and depression and perform a meta‐analysis on the data in order to inform evidenced‐based practice. The question of interest is: Is marijuana use associated with increased risk of developing depression? Methods: The databases MEDLINE (PubMed), The Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), psycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched for the topics of marijuana use and depression through October of 2013. Studies were included if they were systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, or case‐control studies. No randomized controlled trials were discovered. Quality of cohort and case‐control studies was evaluated using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale 1. Overall quality of evidence was determined using the GRADE methodology 2,3. The Bradford‐Hill criteria 4 were used to assess for causation. Studies were assessed by two reviewers. 173 articles were screened for eligibility. Of these fourteen articles were considered to fit the inclusion criteria. Nine homogeneous studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Results: The quality of the evidence reviewed is low to very low. It does not meet Bradford‐Hill criteria for causation. There is a slight positive correlation between marijuana use and onset of depression. However, those studies included in the meta‐analysis demonstrated a low overall pooled odds ratio (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.06—1.29). Conclusion: The evidence suggests a slight positive correlation between marijuana use and depression but is not sufficient to draw a conclusion. This evidence is generally of very low quality. It does not demonstrate a dose response, and is without a significant magnitude of effect.
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Xiang, Lianbin, Katalin Szebeni, Craig A. Stockmeier, Samuel S. Newton, and Gregory A. Ordway. "Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression in the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus in Major Depression." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8621.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have demonstrated specific biochemical abnormalities in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) that are strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we studied the LC of 4 pairs of MDD and matched control subjects by gene expression microarray analysis in an effort to accelerate the discovery of pathobiological abnormalities of these cells in MDD. Among matching criteria, pH values of control (6.71±0.06) and MDD (6.66±0.12) subjects were closely matched. Gene expression profiling using whole human genome microarrays (Agilent) revealed statistically significant changes in approximately 50 transcripts in the LC of depressive subjects. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze transcripts identified by microarray anlayses. In initial studies of 11 of these transcripts that demonstrated a >2-fold change in microarrays, only 3 transcripts were confirmed by qQPCR in a larger sample of 11-12 pairs of MDD and matched control subjects. Amounts of bone morphogenetic factor-7 (BMP7; p=0.001) and potassium channel subfamily K, member 7 (KCNK7; p=0.049) mRNAs were significantly lower in MDD subjects compared to control subjects (~2-fold difference). In contrast, neurolysin mRNA levels were significantly higher (~3-fold; p=0.03) in MDD than in control subjects. BMP7 is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on catecholaminergic neurons. The KCNK family of potassium channels contribute to the excitability of neurons. Neurolysin is a zinc-dependent metallopeptidase involved in neuropeptide metabolism. The present study is the first report of these novel gene expression abnormalities in the LC of MDD subjects. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of MDD and may represent novel targets for pharmacological management of depression.
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Starcher, Shawn C. "Parental Depression-Related Disclosures with Children: An Analysis Using Communication Privacy Management Theory." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1556189650385282.
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