Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dépôt par ablation laser pulsée'
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Muniz, Pedro Schio de Noronha. "Propriétés magnétiques de nanofils de cobalt auto-assemblés élaborés par ablation laser pulsée." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066118.
The subject of this thesis is the study of cobalt nanowires self-assembled in a CeO2 matrix. The spontaneous self-assembly of nanowires occurs in strongly Co-doped CeO2 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. The metallic character of Co was attested by analysis of X-Ray absorption spectra taken at the Co K-edge. The formation of nanowires could be evidenced by transmission electron microscopy experiments (high resolution and energy filtered modes). Combining these results led to the conclusion of Co nanowires formation in the CeO2 matrix. The nanowires are oriented parallel to the growth direction; have length up to the thickness of film and have a narrow diameter size distribution centered in the 3 - 7 nm range. Due to the reduced values of diameter, these nanowires assemblies are model systems for studies in nanomagnetism. The magnetic properties of two nanowires assemblies (with diameters distribution centered on 3 and 5 nm) were investigated in details. The inner structure could be determined by means of transmission electron microscopy and the magnetization reversal was probed through static and dynamic magnetization measurements. Investigation of the magnetic anisotropy was carried out by analysis of resonance ferromagnetic spectra. The localization of the magnetization reversal was related to the inner structure of nanowires, more precisely to the orientation of hcp Co grains. In these grains, shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropies compete in strength and direction, leading to a thermally dependent effective anisotropy. The results presented indicate that it is possible to correlate the magnetic behavior with the real structure of wires in these systems
Bieber, Herrade. "Couches minces de ZnCoO déposées par ablation laser pulsée : effet de dopage sur les propriétés structurales et magnétiques." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6134.
The combination of the charge and the spin of the electron giving rise to the new field of spintronics, has led to the realization of new devices amongst others in the field of data storage. Till now, the major difficulty to realize such devices was to obtain spin injection of controlled spin direction into a semi-conductor. Indeed the spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal into a semi-conductor is restrained by the difference of resistivity in both materials. One solution consisted in making the semi-conductor ferromagnetic. Such diluted magnetic semi-conductors (DMS) are composed of a semi-conducting matrix, in which a part of the ions is replaced by magnetic ions. Co-doped zinc oxide is a promising DMS, as it is predicted a Curie temperature above room temperature for this material when doped with transition metals thus giving additional charge carriers. Nevertheless, the origin of the observed ferromagnetism in literature remains controversial. We have thus studied thin films of ZnCoO deposited by pulsed laser deposition. The study has then been focused on the influence of the polarity of charge carriers on the structural and magnetic properties of the thin films by additional doping with silver and aluminum. We have evidenced the importance of the presence of defects on the origin of the observed ferromagnetism in the thin films
Benzerga, Ratiba. "Optimisation de la croissance de couches minces de composés par ablation laser." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2065.
Stock, François. "Traitements laser UV de couches de carbone amorphe adamantin (DLC) obtenues par ablation laser pulsée (PLD) : application à la synthèse d'électrodes transparentes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD035.
One of the biggest challenge that optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices will have to face is the necessity to provide a reliable alternative to transparent conducting oxide (TCO) and especially to Indium Thin Oxide (ITO) widely used in display technologies. This thesis presents an alternative solution based on laser processes and carbon materials only. In a first step, Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) is grown with a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process. DLC is an amorphous form of carbon sharing many properties with diamond like very high transparency in the visible range and being a perfect electrical insulator. Therefore, in a second step, DLC thin films are annealed with UV laser. These surface treatments lead to the modification of the first DLC atomic layers. With this step, dominating diamond bindings (sp3) responsible of insulating properties of DLC are broken and atoms will be reorganized in graphitic bindings (sp2) leading to surface conductivity appearance. Within only surface modifications (over a few atomic layers), the interesting property of transparency is conserved with an additional attractive surface conductivity. Obtained performances clearly approach and reach ITO values. This only laser-based process offers very interesting perspectives with keeping an important compatibility with standard microelectronics technical steps
Déziel, Jean-Luc. "Ablation laser et croissance de réseaux de surface." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26377.
La formation des réseaux de surface, ou laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), à l’aide d’une source laser pulsée est étudiée avec la théorie de Sipe-Drude, d’abord analytiquement, puis avec la méthode numérique finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). Les LIPSSs sont des structures nanométriques sinusoïdales pouvant être catégorisées selon leur orientation par rapport à la direction de polarisation du laser incident et en fonction de leur période Λ par rapport à la longueur d’onde du laser λ. Avec la méthode FDTD, nous trouvons, dans une région de l’espace paramétrique jamais explorée, qu’une impulsion laser polarisée linéairement peut interagir avec une surface rugueuse de façon à faire croître des structures bidimensionnelles ayant une période de Λ ∼ λ dans les orientations parallèle et orthogonale à la direction de polarisation. Par contre, ce modèle ne peut expliquer la forte organisation et régularité des structures dans le domaine spatial, tel qu’observé dans les expériences. Permettre l’auto-organisation des structures avec un mécanisme de rétroaction inter-impulsion est une solution possible afin de simuler la croissance de LIPSSs fortement organisés d’une impulsion laser à la suivante. Récemment proposée, cette méthode utilise un processus d’ablation non physique afin de tenir compte qualitativement de l’éjection de matériau entre deux impulsions laser. Ce nouveau modèle peut reproduire une grande variété de LIPSSs avec une forte régularité spatiale, mais échoue toujours à simuler la croissance de l’amplitude de certains types de structures. Nous suggérons que ces structures restantes peuvent croître en considérant un mécanisme inverse, l’expansion. En combinant ablation et expansion, nous avons simulé avec succès un plus grand nombre de types de LIPSSs.
The formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) using pulsed laser source is studied on the basis of the Sipe-Drude theory solved, first analytically, then with a finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) scheme. LIPSSs consist of wavy nanometric structures and can be categorized depending on their orientation with respect to the incident laser polarization and their periodicity Λ with respect to the incident laser wavelength λ. With our FDTD solver, we find, in as yet unexplored regions of parameter space, that a linearly polarized laser pulse can interact with a rough surface such that bidimensional structures could grow with both parallel and perpendicular periodicity of Λ ∼ λ. However, this theory cannot predict the strong organization and regularity in the space domain, as observed in the experiments. Allowing self-organization in the model with an interpulse feedback mechanism is a possible solution to simulate the growth of strongly organized LIPSSs from one laser pulse to the next. This recently proposed method uses a non-physical ablation process to qualitatively account for material removal between two laser pulses. This new model can reproduce a large variety of LIPSSs with a strong spatial regularity, but still fails to simulate amplitude growth of some of the structures. We suggest that those remaining structures can grow by considering an inverse mechanism, an expansion process. By combining ablation and expansion mechanisms, we have successfully simulated the growth of a large class of LIPSSs.
Autier-Laurent, Sandrine. "Films minces d'oxydes préparés par ablation laser pulsé : répliques du matériau massif ?" Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2041.
Goux, Ludovic. "Dépôt de (Ba,Sr) TiO3 par ablation laser pour l'intégration de condensateurs sur silicium." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR4015.
This study is an attempt to deposit epitaxial films of the high-k oxide Ba0. 6Sr0. 4TiO3 (BST) on silicon, in view of the integration of high capacitances. Using the laser ablation technique, we show first of all that the dielectric constant of BST is highly increased if the film grows along the (h00) planes on single crystal SrTiO3(100). As we also confirm that the growth of BST on Pt(111)/TiOx/SiO2/Si (0x2) is not epitaxial but rather influenced by diffusion processes of titanium and oxygen, we finally try to optimize the oriented growth of the oxide La0. 9Sr1. 1NiO4 along its c-axis on silicon. This oxide is conductive (1 m. Cm) and acts as an epitaxial template for the growth of BST. Our electrical measurements indicate that the quality of the orientation of BST is still to be improved so as to obtain some excellent dielectric properties
Coulon, Jérôme. "Films manganites orientés présentant une transition métal-isolant : dépôt par ablation laser, intégration sur silicium." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4028.
In function of substitutions, the manganites oxydes with perovskite structure present a dramatic evolution of the electric properties. This shows the possibilities of making a limitor of current and voltage. The technique chooses to grown the films and preserves the cristallinity, is the pulsed laser deposition. The La0. 8Sr0. 2MnO3 grown without preferential orientation on Si substrate. A part of this study point on the development of a buffer layer. A original method of manganite fine powder synthesis have been used and it sintering have been optimized. The conductivity properties of the bulk nickelate are equivalent of the film only when the growth conditions are under control. The films of manganite are oriented but the properties near of the crystal are finding again for the lanthane aluminate substrate, which have the biggest mismatch with the manganite. The result shows the dramatic sensibility of manganite layer to the strains due to the grown and the mismatch
Moubah, Reda. "Structure et magnétisme des couches minces de cobaltite de types Ca3Co2O6 et Ca3Co4O9 déposées par ablation laser pulsée." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/MOUBAH_Reda_2010.pdf.
This thesis focuses on the study of structural and magne tic properties of Ca3C0206 and Ca3C0409 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on Alz03(001) substrates. This work initially involved the elaboration of polycrystalline Ca3C0206 and epitaxial Ca3C0409 thin films. Regarding the Ca3C0206 cobaltite, we were able to determine the value of the optical band gap, which is in agreement with the values obtained by theoretical studies. More interestingly, we have demonstrated that the magnetic properties are very sensitive to sample size. The magnetization plateaus observed at 2 K in Ca3C0206 thin films disappear for thin films with a thickness below 60 nm. This disappearance of the magnetization steps is accompanied by the appearance of an additional magnetic transition around 45 K. Our results are inconsistent with the quantum tunneling of magnetization as a mechanism for the origin of magnetization plateaus, and support more the predictions of Monte Carlo based models. For the Ca3C0409 films, we have determined the nature and the origin of structural defects that are often observed by transmission electron microscopy. These defects are constituted of the CaC020 4 parasitic phase. The formation of this spurious phase is due to the high deposition temperature (750 oC), the high pressure applied by the AI20 3(OOl) substrate (5. 5 GPa) and the possibility of a local non-stoichiometry of the target. These structural defects affect the magne tic properties, by reducing the coercivity and remanent magnetization with respect to those of the Ca3C0409 bulk samples
Al, Khawwam Anas. "Dépôt de nitrure de carbone par ablation laser IR sous atmosphère de post-décharge d'azote." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-179.pdf.
Chaoui, Nouari. "Ablation laser d'oxydes : apport de la spectrométrie de masse à la compréhension des mécanismes d'élaboration de films minces." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Chaoui.Nouari.SMZ9842.pdf.
Grigorescu, Sorin George. "Étude des couches nano-structurées obtenues par ablation laser pour les implants biomimétiques avancés." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/GRIGORESCU_Sorin_George_2010.pdf.
The thesis main goal is the understanding and application of material laser transfer techniques applied in order to obtain a new generation of bone implants, exhibiting a better biointegration. The Ti implant thin film covering allows an improvement of the body response in respect to the implanted object. This new implant type preserves the mechanical properties of Ti but increases its integration capacity in the biological environment. The thesis is divided in three parts. The first one presents the theoretical frame: the metallic and ceramic materials appropriate for orthopedic or dental implants, the advantages of using thin films of HA, as well as the potential given by the extracellular matrix proteins. The second part describes the laser transfer techniques used within this thesis. The third part is devoted to the experimental studies: (i) the correlation between the laser ablation and thin films growth mechanisms, (ii) the study of the changes induced by the laser fluence, the improvement (iii) of the thin films crystallinity by applying a post-deposition heat treatment in water vapor and (iv) of the thin film adherence to the substrate by the interposition of a gradual layer. In the last studies, the (v) MAPLE and (vi) LDW techniques were suggested for fibronectin structures transfer in order to obtain the surfaces functionalization. The thesis is accomplished by the conclusions and perspectives
Li, Hui. "Rôle d'une ablation laser in situ sur les propriétés mécaniques d'un revêtement élaboré par projection thermique." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2011.
The PROTAL® process combines a nanosecond pulsed laser treatment with thermal spraying. However, the physico-chemical effects induced by the laser irradiation have not been well clarified. This study aims at investigating the mechanisms of laser induced surface modifications and its influence on the deposit adhesion. The surface morphological modifications induced by laser were estimated by varying the laser energy density and the number of laser shots. It was shown that the laser induced modifications related to the thermalisation phenomena. It is thus noted that the laser-matter interaction depends strongly on the surface conditions and the properties of treated materials. For all materials studied in this work, the formation of craters caused by a preferential ablation appears. This phenomenon becomes more intensive by increasing the energy density or the number of shots. For titanium alloy substrates, another notable aspect was the surface smoothing effect, which is probably linked to the formation of a thin layer on the outmost surface. The laser irradiation effects on the splat flattening and on the splash phenomenon were also studied. The laser treatment which permits to generate favourable surface conditions for splat formation was highlighted. It was also shown that the splashing of the particles related to the evaporation of various surface absorbates/condensates of surface. Both the particle's energy and the substrate nature also play a role during the splat flattening process. The significant effect of this laser treatment on deposit adhesion seems related to the improvement of physical bonding because it was verified that laser treatment permits to remove various contaminants as well as oxide layers and therefore improve the deposit adhesion. However, for titanium alloy substrate, the superficial film induced by the laser seems to limit metallurgical bonding at the interface, while for aluminium alloy substrate, craters with the form of deep cavities tends to deteriorate the interfacial adhesion. Therefore, it was proposed that the choice of laser parameters is, on the one hand to clean the surface contaminants efficiently and on the other hand to avoid further damage to the substrate
Rousseau, Anthony. "Couches minces d'oxydes ferroélectriques pour les dispositifs agiles en hyperfréquences : croissance par ablation laser et caractérisations." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S123.
Fix, Thomas. "Couches minces de Sr2FeMoO6 élaborées par ablation laser pour des jonctions tunnel magnétiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/FIX_Thomas_2006.pdf.
When two ferromagnetic layers are separated by a thin insulator (or semiconductor), the electronic transport is enabled by tunnelling. This type of stack, called magnetic tunnel junction, is very promising for applications. The magnetoresistance observed in this case is called tunnel magnetoresistance. It is related to the spin polarization of the electrodes, in other words to the asymmetry of the density of states of the electrodes at Fermi energy for the two spin directions. A solution to obtain a higher spin polarization and thus a high magnetoresistance is to use half-metallic ferromagnetic oxides, for which the Fermi energy crosses an energy band for one spin direction and a band gap for the other direction. The challenge is to obtain a half-metal at room temperature. We focus on the half-metal double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6, which offers a relatively high Curie temperature, and is therefore potentially half-metallic at room temperature. The powder synthesis and the thin film deposition by pulsed laser deposition are studied using various techniques. Finally, magnetic tunnel junctions based on Sr2FeMoO6 are grown and the transport properties are examined
Duclere, Jean-René. "Croissance épitaxiale par ablation laser et caractérisations de couches minces du matériau ferroélectrique SrBi2Nb2O2." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10072.
Hernandez-Perez, Maria de los Angeles. "Propriétés structurales et optiques de films minces élaborés par dépôt par ablation laser de molécules organiques de type acides aminés, calix-arènes et protéines." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10190.
O'Brien, Daniel. "Laser ablation of a Terfenol-D (Tb0. 3Dy0. 7Fe1. 92) microparticle aerosol and subsequent supersonic nanoparticle impaction for magnetostrictive thick films." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECLI0021.
This dissertation describes using microparticles of the (giant) magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D (Tb0. 3Dy0. 7Fe1. 92) in the Laser Ablation of Microparticle (LAM) aerosols process for the generation of nanoparticles and their subsequent supersonic impaction to form nanostructured magnetostrictive thick films. Solid Terfenol-D was ground to a powder having diameters from 0. 3 to 3 µm. This microparticle powder was then aerosolized and ablated by a KrF ultraviolet, pulsed laser in a continuously flowing aerosol process. The nanoparticles formed from the ablation were then accelerated through a supersonic nozzle into vacuum where they impacted onto a substrate at room temperature forming a film. The nanoparticles were amorphous, as shown by x-ray diffraction analysis of the deposited films and by Transmission Electron Microscopy of individual particles and had a size distribution typical of the LAM process : 3 to 20 nm in diameter with a mean size less than 10 nm. The deposited films were characterized using the cantilever method. Values of magnetostriction were on the order of 15 ppm for LAM deposited films. The observed reduced magnetostriction (1/30 that of comparable thin films) was due to oxidation, which source was identified by Spectroscopic analysis of the ablation plasma. Calculations showed that the extent of oxidation in the films was dependent on the microparticle feedstock size. For typical aerosol densities used in the LAM process, calculations showed that material made out of microparticules having a diameter larger than 3 µm was not significantly affected by background gas impurities or by an oxide shell
Roemer, Anne. "Croissance par ablation laser de films minces d'oxyde pour la réalisation de structures optiquement guidantes." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Roemer.Anne.SMZ0437.pdf.
Our general thought process (démarche de la pensée) is in keeping with the general pattern of the realization of optical waveguiding thin films for integrated optoelectronic applications. The matérial of choice is lead titanate PbTiO3 (PT). This compound is widely studied and well known for its ferroelectric properties, but it has not been used yet in optical devices for which the reference material is lithium niobate LiNbO3. Nevertheless, the non linear optical coefficients of PT are promising for the generation of a blue light source from laser diodes which emit at 980 nm. If the second harmonic generation is well known and mastered for bulk materials, the transposition in thin films is still difficult. In this study, lead titanate thin films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). The growth conditions on (100)MgO substrate were optimized such as substrate temperature, oxygen pressure ou laser fluence to grow oriented and epitaxial thin films with excellent structural properties and surface roughness. The waguiding properties studied by m-lines spectroscopy indicate that optical characteritics (refractive indices) of thin films are the same as the bulk's ones. The optical losses measured at 632,8 nm are lower than 1 dB/cm, which constitute the best results obtained up to now on this kind of system (PbTiO3/Substrate). Future prospects for the realization of optical waguiding structures for the generation of blue light by quasi phase matching (QPM) in integrated devices PT/MgO/Si could be considered but it requires the realization of periodic poled thin films with a resolution that actual technology couldn't realize at this time
Sayed, Hassan Rodaina. "Intérêt du ferrite de cobalt dans les dispositifs magnétorésistifs : Etude structurale et magnétique de bicouches CoFe2/CoFe2O4 élaborées par ablation laser." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/SAYED_HASSAN_Rodaina_2006.pdf.
This work presents the study of hard ferrimagnetic oxide (CoFe2O4) / soft ferromagnetic metal (CoFe2) bilayers elaborated by pulsed laser ablation. This system is of high interest because of the potential use of CoFe2O4 as a pinning layer in magnetoresistive devices. The first part deals with the determination of the optimal conditions for the elaboration of CoFe2O4. We study the effect of the laser energy and the reactive atmosphere on the surface state and structural properties of the films. The elaborated films have a low roughness and are well crystallised despite the low deposition temperature. In the second part, we study the exchange coupling in the (CoFe2O4)/(CoFe2) bilayers. Three different magnetic behaviours are obtained depending upon to the nature of the interface as well as on the crystallographic orientation of CoFe2O4: a shift of the minor cycle of the metal towards negative fields (ferromagnetic coupling), positive fields (antiferromagnetic coupling) or no shift at all
Fouchet, Arnaud. "Croissance et caractérisations de films minces de ZnO et ZnO dopé cobalt préparés par ablation laser pulsé." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2050.
Spintronics is an emergent area of research that exploits the quantum propensity of electrons to spin as well as utilizing their charge state, allowing microelectronic devices to be devised with additional functionality. Indeed, a great deal of research activity has been focused on dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) owing to their potential application as room temperature spintronic devices. This is based on recent theoretical calculations that predict it is possible to design DMS materials possessing ferromagnetic transitions (FM-Tc) above room temperature by doping a magnetic element into a host wide bandgap semiconductor (e. G. , Co-doped ZnO). However, the origin of ferromagnetism in these DMS materials is still subject of controversy, and questions remain : - is ferromagnetism in DMS intrinsic or extrinsic ? and - what is the mechanism relative to the magnetic interactions ? To address these questions, we have developed a novel strategy for the pulsed laser deposition of Co-doped ZnO films that utilizes metallic targets as the source of cationic elements. First, the growth conditions for ZnO films were optimized, and then subsequently utilized to deposit Co-doped ZnO films. Second, because this method allows for the precise control of the Co/Zn composition the growth conditions for certain amounts of cobalt doped into ZnO also were systematically studied. As a result, we have correlated the presence of ferromagnetism to film defects, results which have supported by recent theoretical calculations. Moreover, these results were corroborated by a comparative study between Co-doped ZnO films grown by ceramic and metallic targets
Brizé, Virginie. "Elaboration de céramiques CaCu3Ti4O12 à haute constante diélectrique et réalisation de condensateurs "tout oxyde" par ablation laser pulsé." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4026.
The oxide CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) shows a very high permittivity (~ 105) in a large range of temperature (100-60K) and frequencies (10Hz-1MHz). A part of this study is an atttempt to deposit "all oxide" capacitors based on CCTO using the laser on CCTO using the laser ablation technique. At first, epitaxial films of CCTO were deposited on single crystal LaA1O3(100) (LAO) after optimisation of the target sintering. Capacitors LSNO/CCTO/LSNO/LAO with LaSrNiO4 (LSNO) as electrodes were then structured in-situ by shadow-masking. In an attempt to reduce the diffusion of La and Cu and to improve the quality interface with electrode, LSNO was replaced by CaCu3Ru4O12 which was isostructural of CCTO. In a second part, CCTO in the form of pure and doped powder and thin film was studied by electron spin resonance. New results are important to understand the mechanisms giving rise to the high permittivity value
Fouchet, A. "Croissance et caractérisations de films minces de ZnO et ZnO dopé cobalt préparés par ablation laser pulsé." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199703.
- Le ferromagnétisme est intrinsèque ou extrinsèque ?
- Quel est le mécanisme relatif aux interactions magnétiques ?
Pour répondre à ces questions une méthode originale de dépôt en couche mince par ablation laser a été mise en place à partir de l'utilisation de deux cibles métalliques. Cette étude a donc été réalisée en deux étapes : l'optimisation des conditions de dépôt du ZnO puis l'utilisation des ses conditions pour incorporer le cobalt. De plus, la concentration en cobalt des films a été fixée et nous avons étudié l'influence des conditions de dépôts. Il en a résulté que le substrat jouait un rôle important dans la croissance des films et nous en avons déduit que les défauts sont nécessaires à l'apparition du ferromagnétisme. Ceci en accord avec les derniers développements théoriques. Enfin, une comparaison avec des films réalisés à partir des cibles céramiques a confirmé ses résultats.
Popov, Anton. "Synthesis of functional nanomaterials by femtosecond laser ablation in liquids." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0065.
This thesis as aimed at the development of techniques of fs laser ablation and fragmentation in liquids for the synthesis of novel NPs having useful functionalities. The approach of the thesis is focused on the elaboration of the laser ablative technique for the synthesis of conventional materials with parameters for selected biomedical applications, as well as the development of this technique for the synthesis of novel nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In particular it includes:1. We elaborated a regime of fs laser fragmentation from Si colloids for the synthesis of Si NPs having controllable size, crystallinity and oxidation state. We tested so-prepared Si NPs a number of particular biomedial applications.2. We elaborated a technique of fs laser ablation and fragmentation to fabricate bare Au NPs and Au-Si core-shells for SERSapplications. One approache is based on laser ablation of Au target in colloidal solution of Si NPs. 3. For the first time we synthesized novel plasmonic NPs based on titanium nitride. We also showed that an additional fs laser fragmentation step leads to the decrease of NPs size to 5 nm. Besides, we found that such NPs have a very broad extinction peak in the near IR.4. For the first time we demonstrated the synthesis of fluorescent organic NPs of specially designed aggregation-induced emission luminophore (AIE LP). The brightness of such NPs was determined to be comparable to that of quantum dots
Iliescu, Monica. "Etude de la croissance de dépôts de phosphate octacalcique et d'hydroxyapatite dopée en manganèse et carbonate, obtenus par ablation laser sur du titane." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13025.
This work presents a study of the structural, physicochemical and morphological properties of powders and thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of biocompatible and bioactifs compounds, namely octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with manganese and carbonate ions. The aim is to improve the biocompatibility of the bone prostheses. The work contains 7 chapters. After a description of the octacalcim phosphate and the hydroxyapatite compounds in the family of the apatite and calcium orthophosphates, the chapter 2 described the PLD technique used for the growth of OCP and doped HA thin layers. The various techniques used for material investigation and characterization, as well as the preparation techniques of transverse cut thin blades for observation by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) are presented in the chapter 3. An original part of this work is the use, for the first time, of the Focused Ion Beam technique (FIB) as preparation method of cross-section thin blades for the observation by TEM of our biological materials deposited on titanium. The chapter 4 presents the experimental results obtained following the physicochemical characterization of the OCP powders synthesized with or without poly-L-aspartate, and of HA powders doped or not with manganese and carbonate ions, while the chapter 5 was dedicated to the characterization of the thin layers of OCP and HA doped, deposited by PLD. The last results are presented in the chapter 6, which consists in a characterization study of the thin layers after degradation tests. The samples were immersed in a solution, which simulates the physiological fluids of the human body (SBF) and then characterized from the physicochemical and morphological point of view
Chmielowski, Radoslaw. "Bicouche oxyde ferroélectrique / oxyde conducteur Bi3. 25La0. 75Ti3O12 / Sr4Ru2O9 : élaboration par ablation laser, caractérisations structurales et propriétés électrique." Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0007.
Bilayers ferroelectric oxide / conductive oxide, Bi3. 25La0. 75Ti3O12 (BLT) / Sr4Ru2O9 / Si[100] were elaborated by pulsed laser deposition. Structural characterizations were done by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction; electrical properties were measured by impedance spectroscopy and Van der Pauw’s method. It is the first time that Sr4Ru2O9 is elaborated as thin films. We have shown that Sr4Ru2O9 is a conductive oxide at high temperature and has a semiconductor behavior at low temperature. The BLT thin films have polarization out of the substrate plane. Thick films of the BLT have polarization in the plane, which corresponds to a preferential orientation (00l). An intermediate layer, based on SrTiO3, between the substrate oxide Sr4Ru2O9 and the layer of BLT, was highlighted by electron microscopy. This phase grows at the cost of the ferroelectric material
Madaci, Ismail. "Croissance épitaxiale de films minces de Fe3O4 sur ZnO par PLD : une perspective pour la spintronique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST170.
This PhD work is inscribed in the researchdomain of materials science for spin electronics. Weaim to master the epitaxial growth of the halfmetallic Fe3O4, a material with a fully polarizeddensity of states, on ZnO semiconducting substrates,possessing a long spin coherence length (within themicrometer range). The successful combination“Fe3O4/ZnO” is the first necessary foundation forphysical spin injection studies on devices. In this worknotable achievements were realized, particularly thesuccessful epitaxial growth processes for Fe3O4 onZnO(000±1) substrates, regardless of substratepolarity. Precise control of oxygen partial pressureduring deposition allowed the synthesis of purestoichiometric Fe3O4 thin films, with magnetizationproperties closely resembling those of bulk Fe3O4.The investigation provided critical insights into theinfluence of growth temperature on the interfacebetween Fe3O4 and ZnO, including the effects ofintentionally grown FeO template layers.Furthermore, the research extended to explore theimpact of substrate miscut on remanentmagnetization of Fe3O4 thin films. Utilizingadvanced transmission electron microscopytechniques, a comprehensive analysis of epitaxialgrowth revealed various structural defects,providing an in-depth understanding of thechallenges in this area of research
Popescu, Andrei. "Laser deposition and characterization of transparent conductive, bioactive, hydrophobic and antiseptic nanostructures." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4016.
The applications presented in this thesis exploit in different modes the principle of laser ablation, i.e. the material removal from a solid surface following irradiation with a pulsed laser beam. The plasma generated by laser ablation was used for thin films or nanoparticles deposition and for the compositional analysis of nanometric thin films. We synthesized by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition, thin film libraries of a complex oxide of In and Zn. Using the ablation plasma for compositional diagnostic, we determined the In and Zn concentrations in films by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy using a procedure based on the spectral luminance calculation of a plasma in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Thin films of bioactive glass were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition, magnetron sputtering and MAPLE on Ti substrates and tested the transfer accuracy by physico-chemical tests and their functionality in vitro. In contact with human osteoblast cells, the bioactive glasses stimulated their proliferation and enhanced their viability. The proliferation of osteoblasts cultivated on bioactive films was 30% superior to the control sample. ZnO thin films or nanoparticles were deposited on hydrophilic textile substrates in oxygen flux or in vacuum in order to obtain structures with different wetting behavior. Increasing the number of laser pulses from 10 to 100, we observed a coating transition from isolated nanoparticles to thin films fully coating the textile fibers. Function of the ambient atmosphere during experiments, the structures changed their wetting behavior, passing from hydrophilic in oxygen flux to superhydrophobic (157°) in case of deposition in vacuum
Bourquard, Florent. "Ablation laser femtoseconde assistée d’une mise en forme temporelle pour le dépôt de couches minces et la synthèse de nanoparticules." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4022/document.
This work explores the control of ultrafast laser ablation plume composition and kinetics by temporal shaping of femtosecond laser pulses. The goal is the optimization of thin films and nanoparticles deposition. Chapter 1 is a synthesis of the literature on femtosecond laser deposition of thin films. The focus is on Diamond-Like Carbon films and nanoparticles. The impact of laser temporal pulse shaping on the ablation mechanisms is developed. Ablation plume diagnostic methods are detailed. Chapter 2 describes the experimental setup for temporal pulse shaping and plasma diagnostic. The latter is done through space and time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy and extinction spectroscopy. Chapter 3 reports on the impact of doubles pulses and long pulses on aluminium and boron ablation plumes. Ion yield enhancement in aluminium ablation plasma is explained through hydrodynamics simulations. In chapter 4, various temporal pulse shapes are used for graphite ablation and Diamond-Like Carbon thin films deposition. The control of the plume kinetics is reached by selectively populating the various plume speed components: molecules, atoms, ions. Even though the deposited Diamond-Like Carbon structure is unaffected, it has been observed an improvement of the thin films surface. Chapter 5 shows the efficiency and sensitivity of optical extinction spectroscopy for in situ measurement of nanoparticles size distribution in femtosecond laser ablation plumes
Allouche, Billal. "Étude de composés à structure TTB en couches minces et multicouches." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0007/document.
Three compounds with Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze (TTB) type struc-ture were studied as thin films grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition from pure oxide ceramics. These compounds are Pb2KNb5O15 (PKN), GdK2Nb5O15 (GKN) and K3Li2Nb5O15 (KLN). PKN and GKN correspond to the compositions (x = 0 and x = 1) selected from the solid solution Pb2(1-x)K(1+x)GdxNb5O15 (PKGN), previously studied as ceramics in LPMC. The deposition parameters were optimized to grow oriented thin films. The films were integrated in parallel plate capacitor structures in order to evaluate their electrical properties. GKN film was successfully epitaxially grown on two different substrates, MgO and STO, with different microstructures. GKN unit cell is oriented [001] and is under stress that removed the phase transition and led to resistive switching in GKN films. Promising endurance and retention performances were been demonstrated below 140°C. The obtained films suffer initially from leakage current that was reduced by thermal treatment in oxygen rich atmosphere. Indeed, leakage and resistive switching were found due to oxygen vacancies created during the deposition process. The orientation of PKN thin film was also controlled on Pt coated substrates. [001] ([530]) orientation was achieved using low (high) pressure during the growth process. Crystalline quality of KLN [001] thin film was significantly enhanced using MgO substrate. CV measurements performed on different films, demonstrate the ferroelectric properties in GKN and KLN thin films. However, Coupling GKN and BT in superlattices did not allow enhanced ferroelectric properties. Transparency of GKN and PKN films was demonstrated and their different optical parameters were determined
Esteve, David. "Développement d'une technique de caractérisation optique appliquée au suivi in situ de la croissance d'oxydes fonctionnels par ablation laser pulsé." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112385.
A fully static set up allowing in situ observation of the growth of functionnal oxides grown by pulsed laser deposition, is presented. Through the study of two model systems, those are the growth of thin films of La₀. ₆₇Sr₀. ₃₃LMnO₃ on pseudo-substrate of SrTiO₃/Si and thin layers of SrRuO₃ grown on vicinal substrate of SrTiO₃, the proposed instrumentation permit to achieve a precision about one unit cell (4Å) on thickness measurments, to extract physical parameters of the diffusion of species on the surface (activation energy of diffusion), but also observing and identifying growth modes. These results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation developped, based on the treatment of the reflectivity of multi-layers systems combined with effective medium theory
Irimiciuc, Stefan-Andrei. "Experimental and theoretical studies on the dynamics of transient plasma plumes generated by laser ablation in various temporal regimes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10193/document.
Laser ablation methods exhibit a fast development in various application fields, as materials processing, medicine, nuclear fusion or analytical sciences. Despite important advances in the knowledge of the complex laser-matter interactions involved in this process, there is still need for better fundamental understanding and modeling. The aim of this work was to experimentally and theoretically investigate the dynamics of transient plasmas generated by laser ablation in various regimes (ns, ps, fs), and to try to correlate the observed behavior with the physical properties of the ablated materials We implemented space- and time-resolved optical, spectroscopic and electrical methods for the study of single-component metallic targets and of complex chalcogenide targets. This led to a space-time mapping of the main plasma parameters. The study performed in actual Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) conditions revealed some peculiar effects like ionic oscillations or plume reflection at the substrate. A compact fractal hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate the laser-produced plasma dynamics. The theoretical model accurately describes the spatial and temporal evolution of the main plasma parameters (electronic temperature, expansion velocities, particle number density, Debye length, plasma potential). We report for the first time empirical relations connecting these plasma parameters with the physical properties (electrical/thermal conductivity, atomic mass, heat of vaporization) of the target. These relationships transcend all three ablation regimes (ns, ps, fs)
Beaumont, Virginie. "Synthèse de films minces de NdBa2Cu7O7-delta par ablation laser : étude des mécanismes de croissance et des propriétés physiques." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2004.
Allouche, Billal. "Étude de composés à structure TTB en couches minces et multicouches." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0007.
Three compounds with Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze (TTB) type struc-ture were studied as thin films grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition from pure oxide ceramics. These compounds are Pb2KNb5O15 (PKN), GdK2Nb5O15 (GKN) and K3Li2Nb5O15 (KLN). PKN and GKN correspond to the compositions (x = 0 and x = 1) selected from the solid solution Pb2(1-x)K(1+x)GdxNb5O15 (PKGN), previously studied as ceramics in LPMC. The deposition parameters were optimized to grow oriented thin films. The films were integrated in parallel plate capacitor structures in order to evaluate their electrical properties. GKN film was successfully epitaxially grown on two different substrates, MgO and STO, with different microstructures. GKN unit cell is oriented [001] and is under stress that removed the phase transition and led to resistive switching in GKN films. Promising endurance and retention performances were been demonstrated below 140°C. The obtained films suffer initially from leakage current that was reduced by thermal treatment in oxygen rich atmosphere. Indeed, leakage and resistive switching were found due to oxygen vacancies created during the deposition process. The orientation of PKN thin film was also controlled on Pt coated substrates. [001] ([530]) orientation was achieved using low (high) pressure during the growth process. Crystalline quality of KLN [001] thin film was significantly enhanced using MgO substrate. CV measurements performed on different films, demonstrate the ferroelectric properties in GKN and KLN thin films. However, Coupling GKN and BT in superlattices did not allow enhanced ferroelectric properties. Transparency of GKN and PKN films was demonstrated and their different optical parameters were determined
Rauwel-Buzin, Erwan. "Elaborations et caractérisations de films minces d'oxydes de manganèse Ln0. 5Ca0. 5MnO3 (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm), présentant une mise en ordre des charges, déposés par ablation laser pulsé." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2072.
Le, Boulbar Emmanuel. "Croissance par ablation laser pulsé de nouvelles phases d'oxyde de titane pour l'électronique transparente et la conversion de photons." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667730.
Zahradník, Martin. "Dynamic control of magnetization for spintronic applications studied by magneto-optical methods." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS155/document.
Two important mechanisms in preparation of ultrathin films of magnetic oxides were systematically investigated in this work. First, influence of epitaxial strain on resulting magneto-optical properties of La₂/₃Sr₁/₃MnO₃ (LSMO) ultrathin films was studied. The investigated films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on four different substrates, providing a broad range of induced epitaxial strains. Magnetic properties were found to deteriorate with increasing value of the epitaxial strain, as expected due to the unit cell distortion increasingly deviating from the bulk and effect of the magnetically inert layer. A combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and magneto-optical Kerr effect spectroscopy was used to determine spectra of the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of permittivity tensor. The off-diagonal elements confirmed presence of two previously reported electronic transitions in spectra of all films. Moreover, they revealed another electronic transition around 4.3 eV only in spectra of films grown under compressive strain. We proposed classification of this transition as crystal field paramagnetic Mn t2g → eg transition, which was further supported by ab initio calculations. A key role of strain in controlling electronic structure of ultrathin perovskite films was demonstrated. Dynamic application of strain via use of piezoelectric underlayer remained inconclusive, requiring further improvement of the strain transfer from the piezoelectric layer into the LSMO. Second, influence of substrate miscut on magnetization dynamics in SrRuO₃ (SRO) was studied. As expected we found that high miscut angle leads to suppression of multi-variant growth. By means of magnetic force microscopy we showed that presence of multiple SRO variants leads to higher density of defects acting as pinning or nucleation sites for the magnetic domains, which consequently results in deterioration of magnetic properties. We demonstrated that use of vicinal substrate with high miscut angle is important for fabrication of high quality SRO ultrathin films with low density of crystallographic defects and excellent magnetic properties
Jaber, Nazir. "Etude des films minces de BiFeO3 dopé Ga déposés par ablation laser combinatoire : caractérisation structurales, piézoélectriques et ferroélectriques." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4016/document.
The European RoHS directive in 2002 predicts a progressive prohibition of lead-based compounds. Or the piezoelectric materials that exhibit the strongest ferroelectric-ferroelastic coupling and are widely used as such as piezoelectric sensors or more recently for energy recovery applications are precisely lead based. The solid solution Bi1-xGaxFeO3 has been explored in search of a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Two ferroelectric phases can then coexist and the instability of the resulting polarization can then improve the electromechanical response. Gradients composition BGFO-x epitaxial thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on La0,8Sr0,2MnO3 electrodes. They were characterized by WDX and RBS. The crystal structures were determined by micro X-ray diffraction. The effective piezoelectric response d33eff is measured at different scales, by PFM (a few nm) and by laser interferometry (a few microns) along the gradient. Instead of an analysis of a range of compositions that point might miss the most interesting, the inherent continuity combinatorial method was used to highlight a remarkable increase in piezoelectric response around 7% Ga, precisely in the vicinity of a change of symmetry
Gemayel, Rachel. "Développement et validation d'un spectromètre de masse à ionisation laser pour l'analyse en ligne des nanoparticules dans l'atmosphère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0241/document.
The aim of this thesis is the development and the validation of an online analytical methodology for continuous measurements of nanoparticles (NPs) in the atmosphere. The particularity of this method is the capacity to determine the size and the chemical composition of each particle simultaneously, what we call mono-particular method. This work was conducted using the instrument LAAP-ToF-MS (Laser Ablation Aerosol Particle - Time of Flight - Mass Spectrometer). Being dedicated for single aerosol measurements, four parts constitute this instrument: aerodynamic lenses are used to introduce aerosols into the instrument, an optical detection system to determine the particles size and synchronize the laser shot used for the ionization process, and the produced ions are then analyzed by a Time of Flight (ToF) analyzer.The work is organized in four parts:The first part consists in the characterization of the LAAP-ToF-MS in order to determine the performances of each of its four parts. The results of this work were published in the international journal "Atmospheric Measurement Techniques".The second part is dedicated to the development of a quantitative analytical method and published in "Talanta" journal.The orientation of the third part is going into the direction of instrumental development to measure NPs not associated to aerosols (Ø<100 nm). Being the first development of this kind using the LAAP-ToF-MS, the work is highlighted by a patent which is under validation.In the end, the last part is dedicated to examples of concrete applications and the usefulness of the LAAP-ToF-MS instrument to study NPs during laboratory experiments as well as for field campaigns
Abdellaoui, Nora. "Croissance, structuration et analyse de films synthétisés par PLD couplant des ions terres rares luminescents et des nanostuctures métalliques (Al, Ag) en vue d’application à la conversion spectrale UV-Visible." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10193/document.
Rare earth luminescent thin film offers attractive properties for down shifting application, particularly for a better adaptation of the solar spectrum to silicon solar cells. In this thesis, we studied two phosphor materials : Y2O3 doped Eu3+ and CaYAlO4 codoped Ce3+, Pr3+. One issue identified for the use of these phosphors as thin films is their low absorption coefficient. We examined two tracks during this thesis to meet these needs : (i) the plasmonic effect was studied by making films with a multilayer architecture coupling the phosphor films and aluminium or silver metallic nanostructures which have a plasmon resonance in the UV range and blue respectively ; (ii) the photonic effect was evaluated by structuring the phosphor layer by self-organization growth on macroporous membranes. We did the syntheses by pulsed laser deposition
Zaabi, Rafika. "Films minces intelligents à propriétés commandables pour des applications électriques et optiques avancées : dopage du dioxyde de vanadium." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0119/document.
This thesis presents a study of the effect of chromium doping on structural, electrical and optical properties of thin films of vanadium dioxide. These V(1-x)CrxO2 thin films (x from 0 to 25%) of 110 nm thick have been deposited on c sapphire substrate by multi target Pulsed Laser Deposition method. Their morphological, structural, electrical and optical properties have been studied. Different phases for V(1-x)CrxO2 have been identified by XRD and Raman analysis and compared to those of bulk material. M1, M2, M3, a mixture M2 + M3 and R phases are present. The M4 phase has not been detected for doping above 8%, showing a real difference between phase diagram of bulk and thin films. Chromium doping also increases the metal-insulator transition temperature from 68°C to 102°C. Moreover, the transition dynamics, determined using optical transmission and electrical resistivity measurements, decreases. Finally, two terminal switches based on V(1-x)CrxO2 thin films have been fabricated. Their current-voltage characterization showed that chromium doping affects the activation threshold voltage of the metal to insulator transition
Soumah, Lucile. "Pulsed Laser Deposition of Substituted thin Garnet Films for Magnonic Applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS042/document.
This PhD work focuses on the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) growth of Bismuth doped Iron Garnet nanometer thick films. Those films are charcterised and used for magnon-spintronics applications. This PhD has two main focuses : material science and magnon-spintronics applications.The aim of this PhD is to fill up the need in the magnon-spintronics community of an ultrathin magnetic material combining low magnetic losses and tunable magnetic anisotropy. Indeed the recent breakthrough in the domain was the ability of generating magnetic auto-oscillations from a charge current in a magnetic insulator. This result has been obtained by using an 20 nm thick film of Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) with low magnetic losses (α=2⋅〖10〗^(-4) ). Those ultrafin films of YIG can also be used for spin waves propagation over micrometeter distances. However the easy magnetic axis in those films is set to in plane due to the shape anisotropy and it is not a tunable parameter. To go further in terms of magnon-spintronics applications a perpendicularly easy magnetized low losses ultra-thin magnetic material would be desirable. Liquid Phase Epitaxy growth of micrometer thick doped YIG during the 70’s evidenced that the magnetic anisotropy could be modified by doping or substitution. Especially the substitution of Yttrium atoms by Bismuth ones on the dodecaedric atomic sites allows to stabilise out of plane magnetic anisotropy. Morevover the BiYIG is also known to posses high magneto optical activity.This PhD presents the growth by Pulsed Laser Deposition of ultrathin BiYIG films (7 to 50 nm thick). In those films the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy has two main origins : the magneto elastic and the growth induced anisotropy. Using the strain in those films it is possible to obtain both out of plane and in plane magnetic anisotropy. The dynamical characterisation shows that magnetic losses in the perpendicular easy magnetized films are comparable to the one of YIG ultrathin films. The high magneto optical activity in those films makes the BiYIG ultrathin films suitable for ligth based detection technics involving ligth/magnetism interaction. By sputtering a Pt sublayer on the top of BiYIG ultra thin films we could observ different spintronic phenomena evidencing the transfer of spin current from the metal to the insulator. Low losses and nanometer thickness in perpendicularly easy magnetized BiYIG films allow to observ current induced magnetic auto oscillation in the same fashion as what was previously done with ultrathin YIG. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy allows however to couple those auto oscillation to spin waves, which was not possible for in plane magnetized YIG fims. This new phenomena is related to the unique properties of the ultrathin BiYIG.BiYIG ultrathin films are thus opening new perspectives in the magnon spintronic commnutiy due to their low thickness and tunable magnetic anisotropy
Gautier, Céline. "Développement de la technique de la double impulsion laser pour améliorer les performances analytiques de l'Ablation Laser couplée à la Spectrométrie d'Emission Optique (AL/SEO) sur solides : Applications nucléaires et géologiques." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011366.
Lourette, Natacha Madeleine Germaine. "Analyse in situ de cellules imprégnées de photosensibilisants par ablation / ionisation laser couplée à la spectrométrie de masse : Application en thérapie photodynamique des cancers." Metz, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004METZ036S.
The 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(mesohydroxyphenyl) porphyrin series (m-THPP, m-THPC, and m-THPBC) have attracted interest as possible photosensitizers in PDT owing to their strong absorption in the red region combined with their tumor localizing properties. The m-THPC (FOSCAN, temoporfin), is one of the most efficient prospective sensitizers, although, until recently, there has been little information on the nature of its photoproducts. In aqueous medium, opening studies were carried out by MALDI-TOFMS. After laser irradiation at 650nm, hydroxides and oxides of m-THPC were detected. In addition, m-THPC dehydrogenization into m-THPP was observed. Subsequently, the laser irradiation (647. 5nm) of m-THPP revealed the formation of covalent multimers due to aggregation process. A preliminary structure was proposed. In parallel, a chemical probe (DPBF) was used to characterize the formation of singlet molecular oxygen 1O2 during the period of m-THPC irradiation by MALDI-TOFMS. In both media (ethanol and aqueous), the m-THPC, the DPBF and their respective photoproducts were identified at once. Finally, to understand the photodegradation process in situ, our in vitro assays were performed directly on adherent cells on their culture support. The dye detection inside the whole cells was carried out by MALDI-TOFMS. HT29 human colon carcinoma cells were incubated with m-THPC (2µg/mL). After diode laser irradiation (652nm) of these cells, oxidized photoproducts and m-THPP traces were characterized in situ. Lastly, in an effort to generate proteomic data, three different cancerous cellular lines were analyzed. For each line, a specific protein fingerprint was achieved with reproducibility
Favet, Thomas. "Conversion de l'énergie solaire en carburant H2 par photoélectrolyse de l'eau sur des matériaux nanohybrides à base de TiO2/nanoparticules." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF068.
Hydrogen is an attractive non-carbonaceous storable fuel. A promising approach for clean and sustainable hydrogen production is solar driven photoelectrochemical water-splitting. This project aims to modify the properties of TiO2 used as a photoanode, in order to enhance the photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Designing TiO2 at the nanometric scale with nanotubes is an interesting way to enhance both its reactivity and spatial separation of photogenerated carriers. A co-alloying strategy was investigated. The large introduction of anions (N3-) and cations (Nb5+,Ta5+) in the lattice was found to be an efficient way to reduce the band gap energy of TiO2, allowing absorption of photons in the visible range. A parametric study on the pulsed laser deposition of co-catalysts (cobalt, nickel) on TiO2 NTs was performed. The chemical composition of the co-catalysts can be controlled with the background atmosphere used during the deposition. Under the optimal conditions determined after this study, a significant improvement of photoelectrochemical hydrogen production under both solar and visible light was reached. Combining the co-alloying approach and the co-catalysts deposition leads to tripling the hydrogen production under solar light. In order to have a better understanding of the mechanisms involved, more specific studies have been performed
Resano-Garcia, Amandine. "Élaboration par ablation laser en milieu liquide de nanoparticules métalliques : caractérisation et modélisation des réponses plasmoniques des nanoparticules d’or et d’argent." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0320/document.
Metal nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit unique optical properties (OP) coming from the collective oscillations of their electrons. This effect is translated by the emergence of a band of plasmon, the characteristics which can be modulated by the size, the shape and the nature of the NPs as well as by the environment of the host. There are many methods for the preparation of NPs, and one of them is the pulsed-laser ablation in liquid (PLAL). This technique offers some advantages such as simplicity, versatility and surface NP without contamination (reducing agent residues and/or stabilizers). Its main drawbacks are the lacks of productivity and control of the NP size and shape. This work is devoted to elaboration of Ag NPs by PLAL and theoretical investigation of their OP. We give here the results about the optimization of elaboration parameters leading to obtaining reproducible and controlled distributions of Ag NPs. The OP of these NPs are measured and compared to specific physical models based on the effective medium theory (EMT). Classical EMT such as Maxwell Garnett approximation allows describing the OP of monodisperse NPs. However, conventional preparation routes unavoidably conduct to NPs showing a shape and a size distribution which induces drastic changes in the OP. A SDEMT model which considers the shape dispersion is proposed for the calculation of the effective dielectric function and absorption coefficient of colloidal solution of metal NPs in water. Contrary to the conventional theory, this model gives a better description of the measured absorption and ellispometry spectra of sample containing Ag and Au NPs
Perna, Paolo. "Manganites à magnétorésistance colossale pour la réalisation de capteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262254.
Weng, Xiaorong. "Epitaxial CoxNi1-x nanowires in SrTiO3 matrix : growth, structure and control of magnetic anisotropy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS418.
This thesis describes the study of self-assembled epitaxial ferromagnetic CoxNi1-x nanowires in SrTiO3 matrix. This system is grown by pulsed laser deposition. Taking advantage of the sequential deposition of wires and matrix, the diameter of nanowires is controlled in the 1.7-5.3 nm range. Due to the lattice mismatch between wires and matrix, nanowires are in tensile axial strain. The strain decreases with increasing diameter and is in the 2-4% range. Large strain is thus achieved in this vertically aligned nanocomposite structure. The total magnetic anisotropy of the nanowires reflects the competition of the magnetostatic and magnetoelastic anisotropies. The magnetostatic effect favors an easy magnetization axis along the wire axis. The magnetoelastic contribution introduced by the tensile strain depends on the magnetostriction constant and the strain. It is uniaxial, negative for Ni and positive for Co concentration of about 20% and above. Under a strain larger than 0.8%, the magnetoelastic anisotropy dominates in magnitude the magnetostatic one, leading the wire axis to be a hard magnetization axis for Ni. For CoNi alloy nanowires, the large strain reinforces the easy character of the wire axis. This results in the enhancement of the blocking temperature over room temperature, indicating the increased thermal stability of magnetization. A spectroscopic study of the spin and orbital magnetic moments evidences the fact that the anisotropy of the orbital moment can be correlated with the magnetoelastic anisotropy. The control of the magnetic anisotropy by the strain or the diameter is a good starting point for the construction of 3D nanomagnetic structures
Yang, Fan. "Bruit en 1/f de films minces de manganite La0,7Sr0,3MnO3 pour application en bolométrie." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130063.
Grygiel, Clara. "Etude multi-échelle de la transition métal-isolant de films minces du composé V2O3." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330541.
L'objectif de ce travail de thèse consiste à synthétiser et à caractériser du point de vue structural et physique des films minces du composé V2O3, déposés par ablation laser pulsé, sur des substrats de saphir (0001-Al2O3). L'influence de la contrainte induite par le substrat et l'épaisseur, sur les propriétés du matériau a été particulièrement étudiée. Pour cela, une étude multi-échelle de la structure et des propriétés de transport électronique a été réalisée. Tout en conservant la structure R-3c du composé massif, il apparaît que les contraintes modifient fortement le comportement électrique de V2O3. Les résultats mettent en évidence une évolution surprenante autour de l'épaisseur critique 220Å. Ainsi, les films épais incompressibles, sont métalliques sur toute la gamme de température et la transition métal-isolant du composé massif est supprimée. En revanche, les films fins présentent une transition métal-isolant, comme le composé massif, en dessous de 150K. Grâce à des mesures sur des microponts, nous avons montré qu'une séparation de phases mésoscopiques permet d'expliquer l'origine de l'évolution macroscopique de la résistivité, ainsi que de la dépendance qualitative en épaisseur.