Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déposition de couches atomiques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 40 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Déposition de couches atomiques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Valero, Anthony. "Fonctionnalisation d’électrodes de silicium nanostructuré par couches nanométriques de diélectrique par ALD : une protection active versatile pour des micro-supercondensateurs ultra-stables en milieux aqueux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GREAI006.pdf.
Full textIn recent years, significant attention has been paid to the development of micro-devices as innovative energy storage solutions. For instance micro-sensor networks such as sensors actuators or implantable medical devices require power densities and cyclability that are several orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional Lithium-Ion batteries. For such applications, Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), a developing novel class of micro/nanoscale power source are rising alternatives, and their integration “on-chip” could allow significant innovations to emerge.1 Therefore, a great deal of attention has been focused on MSCs, for which large series of nanostructured active materials have been developed. Following this trend, we have demonstrated through comprehensive investigations the interest of silicon nanostructures grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) as electrodes materials for MSCs using ionic liquid electrolytes. The fine morphological tuning of the nanostructure allowed by the bottom-up approach enables specific designs of electrode architectures, with a considerable leeway compared to other techniques. Such latitude allows optimising porosity and ionic and electronic pathways while keeping robust mechanical and thermal performances, depending on the target application. Nanostructures such as SiNWs and SiNTrs have displayed excellent electrochemical performances being stable over more than 1 million cycles of galvanostatic charge/discharge under a 4 V wide electrochemical windows in EMITFSI ionic liquid, with large power densities of 10 mW.cm-2 and good capacitance values of 0.5 mF.cm-2 at high current density of 0.5 mA.cm-2. However a major silicon weakness which was still hindering its use with aqueous electrolytes is the native uncontrolled growth of silica when subjected to ambient atmosphere. In this thesis we have developed and investigated a highly conformal passivation coating of a nanometric high-k dielectric layer of Al2O3 based on the rising Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technique. ALD has proven to allow a nanometric thickness control of the deposited layer while being highly conformal and covering. Moreover, as discusses in this manuscript the protective alumina layer enables the use of aqueous electrolytes for nanostructured Si based MSCs, which significantly increases the specific power of the devices up to 200 mW.cm-2 at 0.5 mA.cm-2 while keeping the capacitance performances at 0.5 mF.cm-2. Furthermore the system is remarkably able to retain 99% of its initial capacitance after 2 billion galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at high current density of 0.5 mA.cm-2 in an aqueous electrolyte of Na2SO4. In this manuscript we have also performed a comprehensive electrical study of the alumina/silicon interface which demonstrates that such nanometric layer of dielectric is not fully resistive as assumed by most the electrochemist but rather able to conduct electricity through tunnelling effect dependant on the thickness. Eventually we have used this conductive and protective layer to strengthen a pseudocapacitive conductive polymer which is electrochemically active in aqueous electrolytes. A promising composite material is described and realised by a simple drop-cast method of a PEDOT-PSS film onto silicon nanowires. The device exhibited promising performances with a specific energy of 2 Wh.kg-1 and a power density of 300 W.kg-1 at a current density of 1 A.g-1. The MSCs was able to retain 80% its initial capacitance after 500,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles at 0.5 A.g-1. The last part of the thesis describes the collaboration sets with a Norvegian company, ELKEM SILICON MATERIALS, which has lead to the rethinking of our silicon nanostructure growing process and the large increase of the production capacity
Ihara, Kou. "Οptimizing οf metal-insulatοr-metal capacitοrs perfοrmances by atοmic layer depοsitiοn : advancing prοductiοn efficiency and thrοughput." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC218.
Full textAs semiconductor technology progresses, the need to overcome the limitations of shrinking device sizes is considered paramount. While Moore’s law has guided this evolution over the past five decades, the constraints of the active components are now obvious as manufacturing processes approach the atomic scale. More Than Moore's approach has emerged to address this, emphasizing the integration and miniaturization of heterogeneous chips to enable the stacking of diverse system functionalities. However, integrating passive components poses significant challenges due to their production via disparate processes. Addressing this challenge, Murata Integrated Passive Solutions invented the Passive Integrated Connecting Substrate (PICS) technology, facilitating the integration of silicon-based passive components into 3D structures. The latest iteration, PICS5, leverages an anodic aluminum oxide template and Metal-Insulator-Metal stack deposition via atomic layer deposition. This thesis contributed to the ongoing refinement of PICS5 technology by enhancing the properties of 3D capacitors and exploring the potential of high-k dielectric materials (Nb2O5). This research aimed to optimize component performance and anticipate future challenges in semiconductor innovation by clarifying the nuances of thin film deposition processes and ALD equipment conditions
Antoun, Gaëlle. "Cryo-gravure de couches atomiques par plasma : mécanismes et procédés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3067.
Full textThis PhD was conducted at GREMI in collaboration with Tokyo Electron Ltd, that has also financed the project. The purpose of this study was to develop a new Atomic Layer Etching (ALE) process at cryogenic temperature for silicon-based materials etching.Cryo-ALE consists on etching one to few monolayers after decreasing the substrate temperature. The first step of this process is the injection of liquid nitrogen to cool the chuck and cool the wafer by injecting He at its backside to ensure the thermal conductivity. Once the wafer temperature has been stabilized, reactive species are injected in gas phase in order to physisorb on the cooled surfaces. As the reactor walls are kept at room temperature, no adsorption occurs on it. The third step is to pump or purge the chamber by Argon in order to remove all the surplus of the reactive gas that did not physisorb. An argon plasma with bias is then started in order to bring enough energy by the ions to make modify the surface of the sample and etch one to few monolayers of the substrate. This step is self-limited, as once all the modified surface is removed, no more etching occurs.To conduct this study, an ICP cryogenic research reactor has been used. On it an in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometer was coupled to monitor the thickness variation in real time, and an Electrostatic Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer was used to analyze the species present in reactor chamber during the process and know more about the mechanisms.Quasi in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy has also been performed at the laboratory IMN for surface analysis at low temperature.The main advantage of this process based on the physisorption of reactive species, is that it enables to limit reactor walls contamination and hence prevent process drifts.In parallel, a second process was developed at cryogenic temperatures but where the modification step was performed in plasma phase. This second process enabled to achieve high selectivity between Si3N4 over Si and SiO2
Mantoux, Arnaud. "Synthèse par dépôt de couches atomiques et caractérisations de couches minces d'oxyde de vanadium applications aux accumulateurs au lithium." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066206.
Full textChen, Yuan. "Elaboration de films minces thermoélectriques par dépôt électrochimique en couches atomiques (EC-ALE)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4342.
Full textAn electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE) experiment platform was designed and constructed in this thesis, and this platform was proved to be qualified for EC-ALE experiments.Benefiting from the flexibility of the EC-ALE equipment, a new viewpoint about the UPD behavior of cobalt on the gold substrate has been put forward in this work. The results also show that the subsequent alternate deposition of Co and Sb monolayers is feasible.For the first time the electrodeposition of Sb2Se3 thin films by EC-ALE method on polycrystalline Au electrodes has been obtained and investigated. The deposition parameters were determined and the deposit was characterized by SEM and Raman analysis.The irreversible adsorption and reversible UPD behaviour of Sb on Pt electrode have also been studied. The results show that after the irreversibly adsorbed SbO+ species are reduced to metallic Sb, Sb atoms can be further deposited onto this Sb-modified Pt electrode in the way of UPD to increase the coverage of Sb on the Pt substrate
Abourayak, Khalid. "Comportement tribologique à chaud de couches minces extra-dures obtenues par déposition physique en phase vapeur (PVD)." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0020.
Full textPrieur, Thomas. "Sélection d'un précurseur pour l'élaboration de couches atomiques de cuivre : application à l'intégration 3D." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961695.
Full textTEBBJI, HASSAN. "Elaboration et caracterisation de films de cuprates du type phase infinie deposes par sequence de couches atomiques." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066649.
Full textKuleff, Alexander I. "Études sur les effets de couches dans les systèmes atomiques, les molécules diatomiques et les agrégats métalliques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066202.
Full textTuske, Olivier. "Etude de la formation des atomes creux sous les surfaces : influence des premières couches atomiques du solide." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066552.
Full textMaghezzi, Dahman Samira. "Microscopie par mesure de forces atomiques : Étude théorique dans le cas de substrats diélectriques." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA2045.
Full textLétiche, Manon. "Élaboration de matériaux pour microbatterie 3D Li-ion par dépôt de couches atomiques (ALD) et caractérisations structurales operando." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10183/document.
Full textIn order to address the demand on energetic needs to sustain nomad and miniaturized electronic devices, micro-devices performance for energy storage such as Li-ion microbatteries (MB) have to be improved. An attractive way to meet the required performance consists in using 3D topology increasing the specific surface while keeping the initial surface footprint (in the mm2 range) which is significantly enhancing the delivered energy density of the MB. The development of thin film technologies such as ALD enabling conformal deposition makes it possible. In the framework of this thesis, a solid electrolyte (Li3PO4) has been developed and optimized by ALD, on a 3D micro-architectured silicon substrate obtained by microfabrication techniques. A positive electrode (LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4) has also been developed and optimized as a function of the deposition parameter by RF sputtering deposition on a Si/Al2O3/Pt substrate. A volumetric capacity of 63 µAh.cm-2.µm-1 has been measured for a film of 420 nm thick obtained at 0.01 mbar and then annealed at 700°C under air atmosphere. Finally, a prototype has been proposed to realize an electrochemical cell for the purpose of in situ/operando follow-up by XRD of a thin film electrode deposited on silicon substrate
Mouton, Isabelle. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la nanostructure de couches minces magnétiques Ge-Mn." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES063.
Full textNowadays self-organized semiconductor nanostructures have motivated many studies due to the presence of inhomogeneities that can improve physical properties (optical, magnetic …). Among all possible systems, Ge-Mn has emerged as a promising candidate for spintronic application since the discovery of Mn-rich self-organised nanocolumns in Ge matrix exhibiting ferromagnetic properties at operating temperature. Nevertheless, many questions related to the structure, composition, morphology or growth mechanism and physical properties of such nanocolumns remains open. In this work, thanks to 3D imaging capability of atom probe tomography a new and more precise characterization of Mn-rich nanocolumns was provided. Various nanocolumn morphologies (discontinuous, Y shape…) have been observed. Mn-rich nanocolumns were identified as metastable phase (in morphology and in composition). Nanocolumns phase evolution to stable spherical clusters induced by thermal treatment is also studied. These observations have been correlated with binary thin film growth simulation obtained by Kinetic Monte Carlo. Although performed on a rigid lattice with no elastic energy, simulations revealed self-organization of nanocolumns. These simulations allow us to understand the influence of growth parameter and nanocolumn formation mechanisms
Saintenoy, Stéphanie. "Structures atomiques et électroniques de volume et de surface de couches très minces de siliciures d'erbium épitaxiées sur Si(111)." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0414.
Full textJeloaica, Leonard. "Etude Ab initio des mécanismes réactionnels dans la phase initiale du dépôt par couches atomiques des oxydes à moyenne et forte permittivité sur silicium." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110050.
Full textBeainy, Georges. "Etude structurale et optique de la précipitation des ions de terres-rares et des nanoparticules de silicium dans la silice pour des applications optiques." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES044.
Full textAs a material of choice in the modern microelectronics, silicon has attracted increasing attention in the last decade with the aim to integrate both optoelectronic and microelectronic functionalities on a same silicon chip. Due to its physical properties, bulk silicon is a poor light emitter. The development of an efficient silicon based light emitter is therefore a challenging issue. Rare earth ions incorporated silicon nanoparticles in silica thin films have emerged as promising route to obtain light from Si-based materials. However, the light emission in such system is strongly dependent on the microstructure (nature and content of the dopant, localizations in the host matrix, nature of the matrix, etc. ). In order to understand all the structural mechanisms controlling the nanostructure, in this work, we used atom probe tomography. Two different rare earths elements were studied (cerium and erbium). We have been able to demonstrate a complex precipitation mechanism of rare earth ions and excess silicon depending strongly on the elaboration parameters. This precipitation mechanism sometimes leads to the formation of snowman-like nanoparticles. An analytical model, based on surface energies, has been developed to justify this particular configuration. These results allowed us to explain the atypical evolution of the optical properties studied by photoluminescence
Bernay, Cécile. "Faisabilité de la pile à combustible à oxyde solide à température intermédiaire pour l'application véhicule : dépôt de couches atomiques d'électrolyte : modélisation et tests de cellules." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066557.
Full textJeloaica, Léonard. "Etude ab initio des mécanismes réactionnels dans la phase initiale du dépôt par par couches atomiques des oxydes à moyenne et forte permittivité sur silicium." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30077.
Full textThis work attempts to bring a new light on the understanding of some critical aspects of the physicochemical processes that control Alumina, Zirconia and Hafnia ALD growth, yet not sufficiently understood. These materials are addressed as potentially best candidates to replace gate dielectric SiO2 in the near future electronic applications. Most accurate ab initio correlated methods, like couple-cluster CCSD(T) and CISD(T), with different basis sets functions, as well as the available experimental data have been used for testing by a systematic study the accuracy and the reliability of DFT B3LYP functional. Our results have claimed this hybrid-DFT method to be chosen in predicting of high accurate static and dynamic properties throughout the family of organometallic-like (AlxCyHzOt) and transition metal-based (Zr/HfxClyOzHt) molecular systems. First systematic study of torsional potential surfaces of TMA has been performed and the related features of the hindered rotors of the methyl groups revealed with high accuracy. Laying on these accurate results we have also proposed least-squared fit methods to determine frequency scaling factors subject to different thermodynamic properties and/or thermal conditions. Many-step reaction mechanisms of ALD gas phase precursors of each of the three oxides with residual water, or regime of low pressure H2OÓALD pulses, have been studied in detail. Strong anharmonic internal movements of molecular species throughout the hydrolysis reactions have been observed and qualitatively discussed in relation with their possible effects on the reactions' kinetics. TMA/H2O reactions have been validated as strongly exothermic, while Hafnium and Zirconium tetrachlorides have founded to react endothermically with single H2O molecule. We have also studied in detail reaction mechanisms of the related on-surface ALD-complexes with water vapors. Our theoretical investigations address to the initial stage of ALD growth, more s pecifically on SiO2/Si(001)-2x1 like surfaces. The proposed many-step mechanisms, similar to those discussed for the gas phase, confirmed again the strong reactivity of H2O molecule with on-surface Aluminum hydroxymethylides, and responds strong endothemically as for the hydroxylation of Zirconium and Hafnium on-surface hydroxychlorides. The last two proved a very similar surface chemistry. Finally the cooperative effects of H2O molecules have been considered in our models of reactions, and have revealed dramatic influences on the reactivity Zirconium- and Hafnium hydroxychlorides surfaces. Our results proved the importance of both cooperative interactions of on-surface complexes and H2O molecules in the case of the Zirconia and HafniaÓALD growth, while for Aluminum oxide, presently considered ideal for ALD growth, these effects seem of secondary importance
Vilato, Pablo. "Etude, par microanalyse nucléaire et traçage isotopique, des mouvements atomiques induits dans les couches minces de silicium par bombardement ionique de basse et moyenne énergie." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601809x.
Full textPawlik, Matthieu. "Etude de la passivation de surface du silicium cristallin type P par dépôt de couches atomiques d'alumine pour application aux cellules solaires à haut rendement." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0008/document.
Full textThe decrease of solar cell cost as well as the increase in their efficiency are main research topics since the photovoltaic market crisis in 2011. One of the main strategy is to move towards thinner solar cells, in order to decrease raw material consumption. However, the result is a higher impact of surface phenomena on cell characteristics because of a high influence of structure and electronic defects at the surface. These defects can be passivated by Al2O3 coated by PE-ALD (Plasma Enhanced-Atomic Layer Deposition) which has been shown to provide the best surface passivation on p-type silicon. In an as-deposited state, the passivation level of Al2O3 is very low and required an annealing treatment to be "activated". This phenomenon provides an increase of the minority carrier effective lifetime. This thesis founded by the ANR PROTERRA and BIFASOL projects with the financial support of the Ecole Centrale de Lille, focuses on the optimization of the deposition parameters of alumina with a deeper insight on the passivation activation phenomena on samples with and without emitter. The passivation analysis has been performed thanks to coupled lifetime (QSS and micro PCD), surface potential (Kelvin probe), electrical (C-V) and chemical (SIMS, XPS) characterizations. The origin of the chemical and field effect passivation has been determined within the Si/SiO2/Al2O3 stack. The dynamics of the hydrogen contained in bulk alumina is explained. The impact of a SiNx capping layer and a contact alloying anneal at 830°c for 3s is also investigated
Zarefy, Amjaad. "Nanostructure et couplage magnétique dans des couches minces (Pt/Co)3/IrMn à anisotropie d'échange perpendiculaire." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES051.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the correlation of the structural properties at the atomic scale with the magnetic properties of (Pt=CotCo)3=PttP t=IrMn multilayers with perpendicular exchange bias. Such multilayers are used in spintronics. A particular attention has been devoted to the structural characterization of the Co=IrMn interface. This interface plays a determining role in the exchange bias phenomenon, characterized by the exchange bias field HE. Investigation at the nanostructural scale has been carried out using atom probe tomography. Magnetic measurements were performed with a SQUID magnetometer. The results of magnetic measurements show that the insertion of a Pt spacer at the Co=IrMn interface increases HE for the multilayer in which the thickness of the Co layers (tCo) is 0. 4 nm, but decreases HE for the multilayer with tCo = 0. 6 nm. Nanostructural analyses showed that in the absence of the spacer and for tCo=0. 4 nm, Ir and Mn diffuse within the whole Co layer onto which the IrMn layer was deposited, while for tCo= 0. 6 nm the Ir and Mn diffusion is much more reduced. On the other hand, whatever the thickness of the Co layer, the spacer reduces the Ir and Mn diffusion, thus acting as a diffusion barrier. Consequently, for multilayers with tCo = 0. 4 nm, the spacer limits the interdiffusion at the Co=IrMn interface, leading to an increase of HE. The Ir andMn diffusion in the Co layer being limited for the multilayer with tCo= 0. 6 nm, the spacer moves away the Co spins from the Mn spins, leading to a decrease of HE
Zarefy, Amjaad. "Nanostructure et couplage magnétique dans des couches minces (Pt/Co)3/IrMn à anisotropie d'échange perpendiculaire." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649328.
Full textRoussel, Manuel. "Etude et modélisation de la précipitation de particules de silicium dans des couches de silice nanométriques." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES043.
Full textRoussel, Manuel. "Etude et modélisation de la précipitation de particules de silicium dans des couches de silice nanométriques." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782200.
Full textTAN, SOVTRITH. "Croissance de couches atomiques sur substrat avec desaccord de parametre de maille par les methodes monte-carlo et dynamique moleculaire : croissance en ilots (cas generique) et phases ordonnees de pb/cu (100)." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077079.
Full textHallot, Maxime. "Micro-batteries tout solide en technologie Li-ion sur substrats Silicium planaires et tridimensionnels pour objets connectés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I115.
Full textMiniaturized sensors for Internet of Things (IoT) application is in expansion since the last 10 years. All solid-state lithium-ion battery is a promising candidate. Nevertheless, in spite of high technological readiness level, planar micro-batteries suffer from a lack of energy density meaning that it is necessary to develop new architectures to fullfill the performances requirements. 3D structures is needed for such application and this work is focused on the synthesis of positives electrodes with high storage capacity and high operating voltage by Atomic layer deposition (ALD). In the frame of this work,we will rely structurals and electrochemicals properties by differents characterisations techniques for batteries materials
Rollier, Anne-Sophie Collard Dominique Buchaillot Lionel. "Technologies microsystèmes avancées pour le fonctionnement de dispositifs en milieu liquide et les applications nanométriques." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1036.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3891. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Farizon-Mazuy, Bernadette. "Echange de charge et excitation dans des feuilles minces amorphes ou cristallines d'ions atomiques légers (80-600 KeV-u), d'agrégats d'hydrogène (30-120 KeV-u) et d'ions Xe canalisés (25 MeV-u)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747323.
Full textGrishin, André. "Réactivité interfaciale des composés à base de CeO2 dans des dispositifs électrochimiques hybrides fonctionnant à haute température." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC002.
Full textThis study deals with high-temperature fuel cells that differ in the nature of the electrolyte: solid oxide (SOFC) and molten carbonates (MCFC). Despite the current maturity of these technologies, the high temperature degradation of materials slows down large-scale development. We mainly focused on the evolution of SOFC systems. This work investigates first the deposition of atomic layers (ALD) of cerium oxide doped with yttrium (known for its electrocatalytic properties at the anode) and their electrochemical characterization, in order to show the influence of their microstructure on the reactivity under a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen. The orientation of these layers showed a significant increase in their reactivity. In a second time we studied composite electrolytes oxide-carbonates and, more particularly, the evolution of their electrical behavior under different experimental conditions approaching the operation of the SOFC. We have been able to deduce the mechanisms governing the ionic conductivity under various atmospheres and highlighted the interest of a thin layer between anode and electrolyte in a single cell. In both cases, very significant results have been obtained allowing SOFC / MCFC hybrid systems, including highly oriented thin films, to be considered as competitors with existing devices
Fraccaroli, Mathias. "Synthèse par CVD/ALD sur grandes surfaces d'un sulfure de vanadium transparent et conducteur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT006.
Full textIn the context of functional diversification (“More than Moore”), transition sulfides are currently being actively studied for original optical devices production. Some materials in this family have a lamellar structure, similar to graphene like vanadium sulfides. The synthesis of these lamellar films remains actively dominated by high-temperature CVD processes (> 550 ° C). However, in order to hope the development of a reliable synthesis methods, it's important to reduce this deposition temperature which leads to a poor uniformity and a poor conformity. In this work we have studied the potential of a chemical vapor deposition approach at low temperature (200 ° C). This method allow us to obtain an amorphous vanadium sulfide film on a 300 mm wafer and point out theirability to self-reorganize in order to obtain a lamellar film of V7S8 after thermal annealing. A 5.2nm film has interesting optical and electrical properties; this film is conductive with a carrier density of 1.1.1023 cm-3, the holes are the main charges carriers (type p), a mobility of 0.2 cm2. (Vs) -1, a conductivity of 1063 S.cm -1, an output work of 4.8 eV while preserving good transparency (transmittance of 75% for a wavelength of 550nm)
El, Bahoui Anouar. "Etude structurale et magnétique de systèmes Fe/Mn." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES041.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the preparation and microstructural / magnetic characterization of exchange-biased Fe/Mn multilayers. The structural characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy, which enabled the structures to be identified as α-Fe and α-Mn. It also evidenced the evolution of roughness at the interfaces as a function of the deposition temperature. Atom probe tomography allowed a local analysis of the interfaces. The linear concentration profiles obtained revealed an asymmetry of the Fe/Mn and Mn/Fe interfaces as well as the formation of an Fe-Mn alloy with a modulated concentration at the interfaces. It was found that the width of the Fe/Mn interface increases with increasing deposition temperature. Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements probed the local environment of Fe atoms. The Fe-rich areas are ferromagnetic with a hyperfine field distribution reflecting the modulated composition, and the Mn-rich areas are ferromagnetic with a Néel temperature very close to that of α-Mn. The magnetic characterization was carried out primarily by SQUID magnetometry, which allows the net magnetization, exchange field and coercive field to be determined. Besides, the magnetization depth profiles were obtained by polarized neutron reflectometry which identified two types of Fe layers, and showed the influence of the growth temperature on the coercive field
El, Bahoui Anouar. "Etude structurale et magnétique de systèmes Fe/Mn." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688107.
Full textDemoulin, Rémi. "Etude structurale et cartographie du dopage dans des oxydes nanostructurés à base de sillicium." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR086/document.
Full textThe change of silicon optical and electrical properties induced by size reduction, due to the quantum confinement of charged carriers, is a well-known effect and allowed to develop new optoelectronic devices. As in bulk silicon, doping should allow to optimize these properties in nanostructured silicon. However, the characteristics of doping of nanostructured silicon still misunderstood and many questions, concerning the location of impurities and their activation state, remain unanswered. Moreover, in these materials, the environment of impurities seems to inuence strongly all of their properties. The purpose of this thesis is to get a better understanding of structural characteristics of doping at the atomic scale in function of the nature of the impurity, the host matrix, and the elaboration technic. In this way, we have investigated two di_erent systems using atom probe tomography. The first concerns a rare earth doping of hafnium silicates. We have evidenced that the clustering of HfO2 nano-grains crystallized in their cubic form induced an efficient energy transfer with praseodymium ions. The second system concern the n and p type doping of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silica. We have demonstrated the important introduction of n type impurities (As, P) in the core of every nanocrystals, independently of the elaboration technic. This introduction of impurities should allow the formation of highly doped silicon nanocrystals. A different behavior has been observed in the case of p type doping, represented by the aggregation of Boron at the interface between the nanocrystals and the silica matrix
Rollier, Anne-Sophie. "Technologies microsystèmes avancées pour le fonctionnement de dispositifs en milieu liquide et les applications nanométriques." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128689.
Full textL'innovation réside dans l'intégration d'un actionnement propre directement sur le capteur, pour diminuer la quantité de fluide déplacé par rapport à un actionnement déporté d'une sonde classique, et d'une pointe effilée par un nanotube de carbone, pour atteindre une résolution latérale inférieure au nm.
La recherche de la compréhension des phénomènes physiques entrant en jeu a conduit à une modélisation analytique complète du comportement dynamique du levier en milieu liquide. Cette modélisation, intégrant les phénomènes de dissipation intrinsèque à la structure et ceux dus au milieu liquide, permet d'optimiser les paramètres géométriques du capteur conduisant aux meilleures performances en terme de fréquence de résonance (>MHz) et de coefficient de qualité (>10). Des leviers aux dimensions optimales pour un actionnement en milieu liquide ont ainsi été fabriqués par technique de micro-usinage de surface et de volume. Deux voies technologiques ont été envisagées : l'actionnement électrostatique et l'actionnement piézoélectrique qui, au vue de l'étude bibliographique, sont les deux principes d'actionnement les plus adaptés à la détection de force en milieu liquide.
La résolution latérale nanométrique a été obtenue en intégrant à l'extrémité du levier une pointe à apex très effilée. Une première méthode a consisté à utiliser la croissance localisée d'un unique nanotube de carbone dans le prolongement de la pointe. Cette étape a été rendue possible par une collaboration intensive avec le LEPES et plus particulièrement avec Anne-Marie Bonnot où une statistique de greffage de nanotubes de carbone a été réalisée sur des champs de pointe à géométrie variable pour contrôler, entre autre, la longueur des tubes obtenus à l'apex des pointes en silicium. Le procédé de dépôt des nanotubes de carbone étant réalisé à haute température (>800°C), il n'est donc compatible qu'avec une technologie de fabrication haute tempérautre comme c'est le cas de l'actionnement électrostatique (1100°C). Une autre méthode est donc utilisée pour effiler les pointes en silicium des leviers piézoélectriques à technologie froide (<650°C). La pointe est fabriquée avant le dépôt des couches de PZT qui réalisent l'actionnement et un apex nanométrique est obtenu par cycles d'oxydation-désoxydation.
Ainsi les leviers actifs ont pu être caractérisés dans l'air et dans l'eau par vibrométrie laser puis par AFM, les leviers comportant un support aux dimensions entièrement compatibles avec les AFM commerciaux. Les effets d'électrolyse et d'écrantage du potentiel des électrodes, inhérents au milieu liquide d'actionnement, ont été d'autre part étudiés.
Cette étude pluridisciplinaire en collaboration avec le LEPES (nanotube de carbone) et le CPMOH (caractérisations AFM des pointes à nanotubes) a permis de fabriquer une nouvelle génération de sondes actives AFM adaptées au milieu liquide.
Bran, Julien. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanostructures Cu-Co : corrélation avec les propriétés magnétorésistives." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES030.
Full textThis thesis concerned the study of the influence of the nanostructuration of the Cu-Co system on theirs magnetic and magnetoresistive properties. As a first step, the granular Cu80Co20 alloy was made in different forms: powders, thin films and nanowires. The alloy powders were produced by mechanical milling and thin films and nanowires by electrodeposition. This allowed to investigate, on one hand, the influence of the sample shape and, on the other hand, the influence of the elaboration technique on the nanostructure and the magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of the samples. In a second step, multilayered Cu/Co nanowires have also been made by electrodeposition. Concerning the granular alloys, the atom probe and transmission electron microscopy analyzes showed that no Cu-Co solid solution can be obtained. Indeed, studies in the literature on this type of materials are many, but few of them have been investigate down to the nanoscale. So, they concluded on the solid solution getting using the X-ray diffraction. In addition, the presence of a positive effect of the magnetoresistance at low applied magnetic field could be attributed to the presence of oxides in the material. Finally, this thesis has led to the development different experimental protocols for analysis at the nanoscale by transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Such analyzes are proved essential to the understanding and full correlation of magnetic and magnetoresistive properties
Bran, Julien. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanostructures Cu-Co : corrélation avec les propriétés magnétorésistives." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781148.
Full textBenamira, Messaoud. "Conducteurs mixtes nanostructurés pour les piles à combustible à oxyde solide (SOFC) : élaboration et performances de nouvelles architectures." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004896.
Full textEl, Kousseifi Mike. "Ni silicide contacts : Diffusion and reaction in nanometric films and nanowires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4349.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the phenomena that occur during the reaction between metal and silicon (silicide) on thin films and nanowires. Indeed, phenomena such as nucleation, lateral growth, normal growth and diffusion must be understood to make contacts for future microelectronic devices. The comparison between the silicide formation on thin films and nanowires is one of the main aspects of this work. Atomic distribution in 3D for the elements in different Ni silicide phase was obtained by atom probe tomography (APT). To enable the analysis of different types of silicon nanowires by APT, several original methods for sample preparation by focused ion beam has been developed and tested. On the other hand, in situ and real-time analysis by X-ray diffraction during the reactive diffusion helped to highlight the importance of the nucleation of a phase and to determine the kinetics of formation of Ni(Pt) silicides, including the reaction on the interfaces and the lateral growth. The characteristic shape associated with the lateral growth was determined by ex-situ transmission electron microscopy analyzes and was compared with the existing theoretical models. Moreover, the determination of the fastest diffusing species by APT provided information on the mechanisms of phase formation and stress relaxation in the silicide
Rouland, Solene. "Etude expérimentale des cinétiques de diffusion et de la ségrégation induite sous irradiation d'alliages modèles et industriel austénitiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR050.
Full textRadiation induced segregation (RIS) is a process identified to be involved in most of the degradation mechanisms of austenitic stainless steels core components of nuclear reactors. During irradiation within the operating temperature range of present and possible prototypes of future reactors, chemical elements of reactor internal metallic components redistribute heterogeneously and segregate on the pre-existent and newly created defects. Local enrichments or depletions levels depend, inter alia, on the element and nature of the defect affected. While mechanisms involved in RIS have already been identified, their kinetics and mutual weigh are still poorly known. Indeed, current theorical models of RIS suffer from a lack of experimental data. These two aspects motivated this study. First, by the determination of interdiffusion kinetics after thermal ageing and under irradiation on model alloys in the Fe-Ni-Cr system. Irradiation effect on diffusion have been studied at 440°C. At this temperature, conventional methods to study diffusion fail to give access to such slow kinetics under reasonable time. Experimental implementation of the nanolayers method on binary and ternary alloys gave, in this case, encouraging results. However, discrepancies between experiments and predictions revealed the need of optimizations on both sides. In the framework of this study, recommendations have been established to account for the effect of the microstructure and the selected ageing conditions on measured effective kinetics. Experiments on model alloys have the great interest to be directly confronted to simulation. Nevertheless, nuclear steels contain a large variety of minor alloying elements and impurities which have shown to play a key role on RIS behaviour. Thus, in a second part, RIS study on various bulk defects of an optimized nuclear austenitic stainless steel, a 316L(N) has been performed. Consequently, nanoscale coupled and correlated techniques (Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Eelectron Microscopy) have been implemented. Techniques complementarity offered the possibility to associate enrichments to defect crystallography and revealed singular tendencies of RIS depending on the element and the defect involved. Furthermore, a higher nitrogen and niobium content in the steel nominal composition formed primary Z-phase, its stability under irradiation had also been for the first time studied in austenitic stainless steels
Simon, Amélie. "Modélisation des phénomènes de films liquides dans les turbines à vapeur." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC001/document.
Full textIn the electricity production, one central key to reduce damages and losses due to wetness in steam turbines is the study of liquid films. These thin films are created by the deposition of droplets and are highly sheared. This film may then be atomized into coarse water. At the moment, no comprehensive and validated model exists to describe this phenomenon. A 2D model based on a integral formulation associated with closure laws is developed to represent this film. Compared to classical Shallow-Water equation, the model takes into account additional effect : mass transfer, droplet impact, shearing at the free surface, surface tension, pressure gradient and the rotation. The model properties (hyperbolicity, entropy, conservativity, linear stability, Galilean invariance and rotational invariance) has been analyzed to judge the pertinence of the model. A new 2D code is implemented in a free module of the code EDF Code Saturne and a finite volume method for unstructured mesh has been developed. The verification of the code is then carried out with analytical solutions including a Riemann problem. The model, which degenerates into classical Shallow-Water equations for the case of a falling liquid film on a inclined plane, is validated by the experiment of Liu and Gollub, 1994, PoF and compared to reference models (Ruyer-Quil and Manneville, 2000, EPJ-B et Lavalle, 2014, PhD thesis). Another study depicts a sheared film under low-pressure steam turbine conditions and is validated by the experiment of Hammitt et al., 1981, FiI. Lastly, the code film is coupled to 3D steam data around a fixed blade of a BP100 turbine, from Blondel, 2014, PhD thesis. This industrial application shows the feasibility of liquid film's simulation in real steam turbine condition