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Dodhy, Sami C. "AGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN OXYGEN SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF RAT SPINOTRAPEZIUS MUSCLE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5670.
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Because of the aerobic nature of cellular metabolism in mammalian organisms, a continuous supply of oxygen is necessary to maintain normal physiological function. As organisms age, their metabolic rates generally decline and there are accompanying alterations in the structure and function of the microcirculation, as this part of the cardiovascular system is especially important for oxygen exchange. The overall Oxygen Transport System can be considered as being composed of two complementary components: one for Oxygen Demand and one for Oxygen Supply. The purpose of the current work is to describe the age-dependent changes in both oxygen demand and oxygen supply at the level of the microcirculation, using intravital microscopic observations of the rat spinotrapezius muscle, along with optical techniques to delineate the structural, hemodynamic and oxygenation variables needed to characterize the Oxygen Transport System in this tissue. A summary of the findings is that basal oxygen consumption gradually declined with age (from 2 to 12 months) and there were corresponding decreases in tissue blood flow, blood hemoglobin concentration and capillary surface area for oxygen exchange, so that oxygen supply and demand were generally well-matched.
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Shang, Feng. "Path-dependent approach to estimate chlorine wall demand coeffcient in water distribution system." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1109274766.
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Vile, Julie. "Time-dependent stochastic modelling for predicting demand and scheduling of emergency medical services." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/43186/.
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As the prominence of the service sector is increasing in developed nations, new and exciting opportunities are arising for operational researchers to develop and apply models which offer managers solutions to improve the quality of their services. The development of time-dependent stochastic models to analyse complex service systems and generate effective personnel schedules are key to this process, enabling organisations to strike a balance between the provision of a good quality service whilst avoiding unnecessary personnel costs. Specifically within the healthcare sector, there is a need to promote efficient management of an Emergency Medical Service (EMS), where the probability of survival is directly related to the speed of assistance. Motivated by case studies investigating the operation of the Welsh Ambulance Service Trust (WAST), this thesis aims to investigate how operational research (OR) techniques can be developed to analyse priority service systems subject to demand that is of an urgent nature, cannot be backlogged, is heavily time-dependent and highly variable. A workforce capacity planning tool is ultimately developed that integrates a combination of forecasting, queueing theory, stochastic modelling and optimisation techniques into a single spreadsheet model in order to predict future demand upon WAST, set staffing levels, and optimise shift schedules and rosters. The unique linking together of the techniques in a planning tool which further captures time-dependency and two priority classes enables this research to outperform previous approaches, which have generally only considered a single class of customer, or generated staffing recommendations using approximation methods that are only reliable under limited conditions. The research presented in this thesis is novel in several ways. Primarily, the first section considers the potential of a nonparametric modelling technique known as Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to improve the accuracy of demand forecasts. Secondly, the main body of work is dedicated to adapting numerical queueing theory techniques to accurately model the behaviour of time-dependent multi-server priority systems across shift boundaries and evaluate the likelihood of excessive waits for service for two customer classes. The final section addresses how shifts can be optimally scheduled using heuristic search techniques. The main conclusions are that in addition to offering a more flexible approach, the forecasts generated by SSA compare favourably to those obtained using traditional methods, and both approximate and numerical modelling techniques may be duly extended to set staffing levels in complex priority systems.
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SHANG, FENG. "PATH-DEPENDENT APPROACH TO ESTIMATE CHLORINE WALL DEMAND COEFFICIENT IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109274766.
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Tan, Barli, and Stanley B. Gershwin. "On Production and Subcontracting Strategies for Manufacturers with Limited Capacity and Backlog-Dependent Demand." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5315.
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We study a manufacturing firm that builds a product to stock to meet a random demand. If there is a positive surplus of finished goods, the customers make their purchases without delay and leave. If there is a backlog, the customers are sensitive to the quoted lead time and some choose not to order if they feel that the lead time is excessive. A set of subcontractors, who have different costs and capacities, are available to supplement the firm's own production capacity. We derive a feedback policy that determines the production rate and the rate at which the subcontractors are requested to deliver products. The performance of the system when it is managed according to this policy is evaluated. The subcontractors represent a set of capacity options, and we calculate the values of these options.
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Fahs, Faysal Habib. "Essays in the estimation of systems of limited dependent variables with application to demand systems." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/F_Fahs_072508.pdf.
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Pakyardim, Yusuf Kenan. "Dynamic Switching Times For Season And Single Tickets In Sports And Entertainment With Time Dependent Demand Rates." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613659/index.pdf.
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The most important market segmentation in sports and entertainment industry is the competition between customers that buy bundle and single tickets. A common selling practice is starting the selling season with bundle ticket sales and switching to selling single tickets later on. The aim of this practice is to increase the number of customers that buy bundles, to create a fund before the season starts and to increase the load factor of the games with low demand. In this thesis, we investigate the effect of time dependent demand on dynamic switching times and the potential revenue gain over the case where the demand rate is assumed to be constant with time.
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Löhndorf, Nils, Manuel Riel, and Stefan Minner. "Simulation Optimization for the Stochastic Economic Lot Scheduling Problem with Sequence-Dependent Setup Times." Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.05.006.
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We consider the stochastic economic lot scheduling problem (SELSP) with lost sales and random demand,
where switching between products is subject to sequence-dependent setup times. We propose a solution
based on simulation optimization using an iterative two-step procedure which combines global policy search
with local search heuristics for the traveling salesman sequencing subproblem. To optimize the production
cycle, we compare two criteria: minimizing total setup times and evenly distributing setups to obtain a more
regular production cycle. Based on a numerical study, we find that a policy with a balanced production cycle
leads to lower cost than other policies with unbalanced cycles. (authors' abstract)
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Roussel, Yann. "Adjusting VMI settings for overlapping successive models, with stock-dependent demand and cannibalization: A case study in consumer electronics retailing in Germany." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102745.
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This thesis develops a method to optimize the inventory-related performance of a VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) in retailing environments, for two successive products with overlapping lifecycles, under stock-dependent demand. The study refers to existing research in different fields, such as inventory policies and VMIs, retailing of substitutable products, stock-dependent demands and product lifecycle management. However, no study encompassing all these research streams could be found, and thus an abductive approach is developed, aiming at building new theory. The thesis draws upon a case study at Sony Germany, which has started an ambitious VMI initiative with the largest retailer of consumer electronics products in Germany. First, stock and sales data available, along with insights collected among employees, is used to understand the key profit-drivers when lifecycles of the two products overlap, and a set of indicators is propounded to measure them. The pattern of sales in relation to inventories of the two products is studied, and results in the validation of the stock-dependent demand assumption, with demand following a Poisson distribution of parameter λ [on-hand stock]. Demand for the new product is also found to be negatively affected by stock levels of the old product, in an exponential way. Second, a model is built and a scenario- based simulation embedding the patterns previously established is performed to evaluate different strategies to steer the stock levels in the VMI. Scenarios are evaluated against the proposed set of indicators, but no scenario is found to over perform consistently the others. Nevertheless interesting patterns emerge and it is possible to relate the performance observed to specificities of scenarios and product contexts. Using the patterns identified, a set of guidelines is suggested, along with proposals for practical implementation.
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Ozkan, Tulay. "Leakage Control By Optimal Valve Operation." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609419/index.pdf.
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The main function of a water distribution system is to supply water in sufficient quantity at appropriate pressure with an acceptable quality and as economically as possible. Water leakage in distribution networks may account from 5% to 50% and even larger of the total water delivered. The amount of leakage in a network is directly related to system service pressure. Therefore, reductions in high service pressures will result in considerable reductions in leakage. A methodology for leakage reduction has been presented in context of a developed computer program, LEAKSOL with two sub-programs. The first code, CODE I, provides solution by using optimization techniques with defined pressure-leakage and pressure-demand relations in order to find optimal flow control valve settings minimizing water leakage. The second one, CODE II, makes hydraulic analysis of the network in order to solve the system and to compute the amount of leakage and the amount of water consumed, by using different combinations of isolation valves generated according to the number of valves given and employing the relationships among pressure, leakage and consumption. Computer program application was performed for different scenarios in a sample network previously used in literature and also in N8-3 pressure zone of Ankara Municipal Water Supply System. Leakage reduction up to 10 % has been achieved in N8-3 pressure zone for eight valves located at the entrances of sub-zones, depending on the defined pressure-leakage relationship.
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LIU, YONG. "SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT THROUGH PRICE COMMITMENT POLICIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1132339383.
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Miksa, Martin. "Matematické a statistické metody pro podporu vývoje softwarových aplikací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444561.
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The master's thesis focuses on supporting the development of applications using mathematical and statistical methods. This is used in the thesis to effective management of inventory for the store and e-shop. For this purpose, an application in VBA programming language has been developed to help the company to keep track of the inventory and find the optimum insurance stock level for ordering new goods.
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Malas, Anas. "Contributions à la résolution du transport à la demande fondées sur les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR07/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le problème du transport à la demande (TAD). Nous proposons trois approches décentralisées basées sur les systèmes multi-agents pour résoudre ce problème. La première approche multi-agent utilise l'algorithme A* afin de trouver une solution optimale dans un réseau routier caractérisé par des vitesses de voyage constantes. Des expérimentations sont effectuées sur le réseau routier d'une ville libanaise appelée Tripoli et de bons résultats sont obtenus. Cependant, dans une ville comme Tripoli, les vitesses de voyage dépendent fortement de la situation dynamique du trafic routier. Pour cette raison, la deuxième approche multi-agent massif vient remédier à la première en tenant compte de l'évolution du trafic. Le réseau routier est considéré comme dynamique déterministe. Il se caractérise par des vitesses de voyages dépendantes de la situation habituelle du trafic. Ces vitesses sont pré-calculées en se basant sur des connaissances historiques du trafic routier. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que le nombre de clients insatisfaits est supérieur à 50 % si les vitesses sont considérées comme constantes. Or, les connaissances historiques ne suffisent pas pour refléter la situation réelle du trafic surtout en cas d'apparition d'un événement imprévu tel qu'un accident sur le réseau. Pour cela, une troisième approche multi-agent massif auto-organisé est proposée. Le réseau routier est considéré comme dynamique stochastique caractérisé par des vitesses de voyage dépendantes de la situation réelle du trafic. Cette approche représente l'organisation dynamique du trafic à son échelle en se basant sur des connaissances historiques du trafic et sur des informations du trafic en temps réel. Les trajectoires des véhicules et leurs durées sont calculées et recalculées en ligne à chaque fois qu'un événement imprévu perturbe la situation habituelle du trafic. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que jusqu'à 39 % des clients seront insatisfaits si un accident routier n'est pas considéré durant le traitement de leurs demandes. Autrement, 50 % à 100 % de ces clients sont satisfaitsThis thesis addresses the problem of on-demand transport (ODT). We propose three decentralized approaches based on multi-agent systems to solve this problem. The first multi-agent approach uses the algorithm A* in order to find an optimal solution in a road network characterized by constant travel speeds. Experiments are carried out on the road network of a Lebanese city called Tripoli and good results are obtained. However, in a city like Tripoli, travel speeds depend heavily on the dynamic situation of road traffic. For this reason, the second multi-agent approach massif comes to remedy the first taking into account the evolution of traffic. The road network is considered as dynamic deterministic. It is characterized by travel speeds dependent on the usual traffic situation. These speeds are pre-calculated on the basis of historical knowledge of road traffic. The experimental results show that the number of dissatisfied customers is greater than 50 % if the speeds are considered to be constant. Nevertheless, historical knowledge is not sufficient to reflect the actual traffic situation, especially in case of an unexpected event (such as an accident) occurring on the network. For this, a self-organized massive multi-agent approach is proposed. The road network is considered as a dynamic stochastic characterized by travel speeds dependent on the actual traffic situation. This approach represents the dynamic organization of traffic on its scale based on historical traffic knowledge and real-time traffic information. Vehicle trajectories and their durations are calculated and recalculated online whenever an unexpected event disrupts the usual traffic situation. The experimental results show that up to 39 % of customers will be dissatisfied if a road accident is not considered during the processing of their demands. Otherwise, 50 % to 100 % of these customers are satisfied
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Feijer, Diego (Diego Francisco Feijer Rovira). "Strategic dynamic vehicle routing with spatio-temporal dependent demands." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68498.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53).
Dynamic vehicle routing problems address the issue of determining optimal routes for a set of vehicles, to serve a given set of demands that arrive sequentially in time. Traditionally, demands are assumed to be generated over time by an exogenous stochastic process. This thesis is concerned with the study of dynamic vehicle routing problems where demands are strategically placed in the space by an agent with selfish interests and physical constraints. In particular, we focus on the following problem: a team of vehicles seek to device dynamic routing policies that minimize the average waiting time of a typical demand, from the moment it is placed in the space until its location is visited; while an adversarial agent operating from a central depot with limited capacity aims at the opposite, strategically choosing the spatio-temporal point process according to which place demands. We model the above problem and its inherent pure conflict of interests as a zero-sum game, and characterize equilibria under heavy load regime. For the analysis we discriminate between two cases: bounded and unbounded domains. In both cases we show that a routing policy based on performing successive TSP tours through outstanding demands and a power-law spatial distribution of demands are optimal, saddle point of the utility function of the game. The latter emerges as the unique solution of maximizing a non-convex nowhere differentiable functional over the infinite-dimensional space of probability densities; the non-convexity is the result of the spatio-temporal dependence induced by the physical constraints imposed on the behavior of the agent, and the non-differentiability is due to the emptiness of the interior of the positive cone of integrable functions. We solve this problem applying Fenchel conjugate duality for partially finite programming in the case of bounded domains; and a direct duality approach exploiting the structure of a concave integral functional part of the objective and the linear equality constraints, for unbounded domains. Remarkably, all the results obtained hold for any domain with a sufficiently smooth boundary, clossedness or connectedness is not needed. We provide numerical simulations to validate the theory.
by Diego Feijer.
S.M.
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Karlsson, Michaela. "Anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda sin partner med demens." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28432.
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Alzheimer’s disease has increasing effects on the Swedish population. Now, about 90 000 swedes have been diagnosed with the disease. Many of these persons are cared for by someone close to them. The aim of this study is to increase understanding for the situation and experiences of the persons caring for their affected partner and to examine which support they are given by the public sector. It is a qualitative case study where four persons have been interviewed. Previous research concerning experiences, coping strategies and the need for aid is used for reference. The theories chosen for the aim of the study is coping strategies, role theory, social interaction, informal care and informal aid. The results show that the participants have had different experiences of caring for their partners of which stress, anxiety and seeing it as a burden was common. The participants had different coping abilities to master their different situations and over all had good coping strategies. Their need for aid was different but all participants stressed that there is need for support and that this need to be developed. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study. The experiences are different depending on the individual case. It is important for those active within the line of social care to have knowledge about coping strategies in order to give support to those providing care for their kin. All participants experienced a lack of cooperation and information.Alzheimers sjukdom drabbar Sveriges befolkning i allt större utsträckning. Ungefär 90 000 personer i Sverige har diagnosen. Många av dessa personer vårdas av någon i sin omgivning. Syftet med studien är att få en ökad förståelse för partners som vårdar sin respektive som har Alzheimers sjukdom och vilka upplevelser som förekommer samt att undersöka hur stödet från samhället ser ut. Det är en kvalitativ fallstudie där intervjuer har gjorts med fyra personer. Tidigare forskning har tagits fram som berör upplevelser, olika copingstrategier och behov av stöd. De teorier som valdes för studiens ändamål är copingstrategier, rollteori, social integration, informell omsorg och informell hjälp. Resultatet visar att deltagarna hade olika upplevelser av att vårda varav stress, oro och börda var vanligt. Deltagarna hade olika copingförmågor för att bemästra de olika situationerna och det förekom överlag goda copingstrategier. Behovet av stöd såg olika ut, men deltagarna belyste att det fanns ett behov av stöd samt att stödet behöver utvecklas. Följande slutsatser kan dras av studien. Alla individer har olika upplevelser. Det är viktigt att få kunskap om olika copingstrategier, vilket medför att socialt arbete kan hjälpa dem att hantera olika situationer. Samtliga deltagare upplevde att det saknades samarbete och information.
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Medina, Ricardo A. Krawinkler Helmut. "Seismic demands for nondeteriorating frame structures and their dependence on ground motions /." Berkeley : Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, 2004. http://peer.berkeley.edu/publications.
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Originally published as first author's thesis."May 2004." "John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University." Includes bibliographical references.
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Neves, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Jeronymo. "Gestão do cuidado domiciliar pelo cuidador de um familiar dependente para o autocuidado." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7215.
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Este estudo tem por objeto a gestão do cuidado domiciliar pelo cuidador de um familiar parcial ou totalmente dependente para o autocuidado. O enfoque são as necessidades e demandas ao cuidador familiar de usuários do SUS, em atendimento domiciliar. Objetivou-se: desenvolver uma teoria substantiva sobre a gestão do cuidado domiciliar pelo cuidador familiar de adultos e idosos, parcial ou totalmente dependentes para o autocuidado; descrever como o cuidador gere o cuidado de seu familiar, no âmbito domiciliar; compreender as necessidades e as demandas do usuário, sob o olhar do cuidador familiar; analisar os custos financeiros, sociais e emocionais emanados do cuidado domiciliar, na ótica do cuidador familiar. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com a utilização do referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, desenvolvida em duas etapas; em ambas executou-se a técnica da observação participante. Na primeira foi realizado ambiência e coleta de dados em prontuário para avaliação do perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde, aplicado a todos os usuários do Programa de Atenção Domiciliar Interdisciplinar, totalizando 46 participantes. Na segunda foram entrevistados dezenove cuidadores familiares, aplicando-se quatro instrumentos para avaliação da capacidade do autocuidado do usuário; avaliação do perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde do cuidador familiar; classificação econômica familiar; avaliação da sobrecarga do cuidador. Além da realização de uma entrevista gravada, com questões semiestruturadas. Os participantes foram distribuídos em quatro grupos amostrais. O primeiro foi constituído por seis cuidadores de familiares totalmente dependentes para o autocuidado, que não possuíam ajuda de cuidadores remunerados. O segundo foi composto por cinco cuidadores de familiares totalmente dependentes para o autocuidado, que possuíam o auxílio de cuidadores remunerados. O terceiro compreendeu três cuidadores de familiares parcialmente dependentes para o autocuidado, sem auxílio do cuidador remunerado. O quarto, constituído por cinco participantes, possibilitou a validação do modelo teórico substantivo, a partir dos achados desta pesquisa. A análise dos dados ocorreu concomitantemente à coleta de dados e foi conduzida mediante os três tipos de codificação: aberta, axial e seletiva. Emergiram dos dados as seguintes categorias: tornando-se cuidador do seu ente querido, adoecido e dependente de cuidados; gerindo o cuidado no contexto domiciliar: a compreensão e o atendimento das necessidades e demandas pelo cuidador familiar; tecendo a rede de relações: a família e os serviços de saúde como espaço do cuidado; recebendo a assistência da equipe multiprofissional do Programa de Atenção Domiciliar Interdisciplinar e compreendendo o orçamento familiar: condições que influenciam o cuidar em domicílio; buscando serviços e distribuindo funções: estratégias para a gestão do cuidado; cuidando de seu familiar: sentindo a sobrecarga física, emocional, financeira e social. O familiar assume a função de cuidador, de forma integral, executando procedimentos, planejando e organizando recursos, buscando serviços, supervisionando, enfim, gerindo o cuidado domiciliar. Nessa gama de funções e responsabilidades, sentem-se sobrecarregados. Sendo assim, a atuação da equipe multiprofissional do Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar é imprescindível para a manutenção do cuidado domiciliar mediante o desenvolvimento do sistema apoio-educação, auxílio ou mesmo realização de procedimentos de maior complexidade.
This study aims at the management of home care by the caregiver of a family member partially or totally dependent for self care. The focus is on the needs and demands of the family caregiver of SUS users, in home care. The objective of this study was to: develop a substantive theory about the management of home care by the family caregiver of adults and the elderly, partially or totally dependent for self-care; describe how the caregiver manages the care of his family member, at home; understand the needs and demands of the user, under the eyes of the family caregiver; to analyze the financial, social and emotional costs emanating from home care, from the point of view of the family caregiver. A qualitative research was carried out using the methodological framework of Grounded Theory developed in two stages; in both the participant observation technique was executed. In the first one, an ambience and data collection in medical records for the evaluation of the sociodemographic and health profile was carried out, applied to all users of the Interdisciplinary Home Care Program, totaling 46 participants. In the second, nineteen family caregivers were interviewed, applying four instruments to assess the user's self-care capacity; evaluation of the sociodemographic and health profile of the family caregiver; family economic classification; caregiver overload assessment. In addition, to conducting a recorded interview with semistructured questions. Participants were divided into four sample groups. The first group consisted of six caregivers of family members totally dependent on self-care, who did not have the help of paid caregivers. The second group consisted of five caregivers of family members totally dependent on self-care, who had the help of paid caregivers. The third group comprised three caregivers of partially dependent relatives for self-care, without the assistance of the paid caregiver. The fourth, made up of five participants, allowed the validation of the theoretical model, based on the findings of this research. The data analysis was carried out concomitantly with data collection and was conducted using the three types of coding: open, axial and selective. The following categories emerged from the data: becoming caring for your loved one, sick and dependent on care; managing care in the home context: understanding and meeting the needs and demands of the family caregiver; weaving the network of relationships: the family and health services as a locus of care; receiving the assistance of the multiprofessional team of the Interdisciplinary Home Care Program and understanding the family budget: conditions that influence home care; seeking services and distributing functions: strategies for the management of home care by the family; caring for your family member: feeling the physical, emotional, financial and social overload. The family member assumes the role of caregiver, in an integral way, executing procedures, planning and organizing resources, seeking services, supervising, and finally managing home care. In this range of roles and responsibilities, they feel overwhelmed. Therefore, the work of the multiprofessional team of the Home Care Service is essential for the maintenance of home care through the development of the support-education system, assistance or even the implementation of more complex procedures.
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Santos, Vanessa Cabral dos. "As interações familiares de adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1 diante das demandas da doença." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-12012011-081237/.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer como se dão as interações familiares de adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1 desde o diagnóstico da doença.Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a História Oral .Os dados coletados mediante entrevistas gravadas com sete adolescentes foram analisados à luz do Modelo Calgary para Avaliação da Família de Wright e Leahey.As narrativas demonstraram que apesar do acréscimo de atividades na rotina diária do adolescente e da família, relacionadas à manutenção e controle do diabetes, as interações familiares sofrem poucas modificações com a chegada da doença e que os conflitos entre os pais e o adolescente com diabetes não diferem tanto daqueles ocorridos entre os pais e adolescentes saudáveis.A superproteção foi um sentimento percebido pelos adolescentes após o surgimento da doença,pois os pais têm preocupações com complicações imediatas e em longo prazo. O principal vínculo demonstrado pelos adolescentes entrevistados com a suas famílias foi o vínculo de confiança. Para eles é muito importante saber que conquistaram a confiança de seus pais de que podem ter certa autonomia em relação ao manejo do diabetes.Com os irmãos compartilham superficialmente o diabetes,mesmo aqueles que mantêm relações mais estreitas.A família extensa também oferece contribuições em diferentes fases da doença. Os adolescentes entrevistados forneceram dados de que sua comunicação verbal com sua família é ampla e direta. Sentem-se livres e confiantes em falar abertamente sobre assuntos diversos com os pais e os outros membros que coabitam, relatando também com quem se relacionam melhor em casa. Percebe-se também que a família tenta de alguma maneira moldar-se de acordo com as necessidades da pessoa que tem diabetes,na organização e funcionamento.Sentimentos de gratidão são demonstrados pela associação especializada em educação em diabetes, citada como a responsável por todo ou grande parte do conhecimento adquirido,principalmente pelas atividades oferecidas no acampamento para jovens, e também como fonte de solução de problemas oriundos do diagnóstico do diabetes para os pais e para os próprios adolescentes.This study aimed to understand how to give the family interactions of adolescents with type 1 diabetes since diagnosis of illness. The method used was Oral History y. Data collected through recorded interviews with seven adolescents were examined in the light of Wright e Leaheys Calgary Family Evaluation Model .Narratives demonstrated that despite the increased activities in the daily routine of the adolescent and family for care and control of diabetes, family interactions experience little change with the arrival of the illness and that conflicts between parents and adolescents with diabetes do not differ from those that occurred between parents and healthy adolescents. Overprotection was a sentiment felt by the teenagers after the onset of the disease because parents have concerns about immediate complications and long term. The main bond shown by the adolescents interviewed with their families was the bond of trust. Adolescents share the diabetes management with brothers superficially, even those who maintain more closed. Extended family also offers contributions in different stages of the disease. The adolescents interviewed communicate with your family is extensive and direct, feeling confident to talk about various issues with parents and other members, also reporting to whom they relate better at home. Family tries shape up according to the needs of the person who has diabetes, the organization and function.
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Larsson, Daniel, and David Arevärn. "Fattar företagsägare ett ekonomiskt rationellt beslut med att slopa revisorn? : En kvantitativ studie." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90545.
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Revisionsplikten i Sverige avskaffades för några år sedan för de minsta aktiebolagen och idag är det ett omdiskuterat ämne. Det är dock först nu som effekterna börjar visa sig. Idag är det cirka 80 procent av de minsta bolagen som inte anlitar en revisor. Studien har utförts ur företagens perspektiv och syftet med vår studie har varit att undersöka om bolag som inte anlitar en revisor har fattat ett ekonomiskt rationellt beslut. För att genomföra studien har vi använt oss av kvantitativ metod med deduktiv ansats som utgått från positivistisk kunskapssyn. Vi har bland annat undersökt om ett antal nyckeltal skiljer sig mellan reviderade och oreviderade bolag. Nyckeltalen som vi har undersökt är “avkastning på eget kapital”, skuldsättningsgrad samt två olika nyckeltal för räntenivåer. Det kan finnas många skäl till varför nyckeltalen skiljer sig åt mellan grupperna därför har vi även tagit ett antal förklaringsvariabler i beaktande. Exempel på sådana förklaringsvariabler är omsättning och bransch. Till vår hjälp har vi laddat ner data från företagens årsredovisningar från cirka 70 000 bolag genom en databas. Vi har även undersökt om företagsägarna anser att nyttan med revision överväger kostnaderna samt om utbildningsnivån inom redovisning skiljer sig mellan bolag som anlitar och inte anlitar revisor. Vi undersökte också hur rationellt företagsägarna agerar samt ett av studiens delsyften var att undersöka om oreviderade bolag köper mer hjälp med bokföringen än reviderade bolag. Urvalsramen bestod av företag som inte omfattas av revisionsplikt. För att genomföra studien har vi skickat ut en enkät via sms till 2 000 små onoterade aktiebolag. Totalt formades sju nollhypoteser varav fyra fick förkastas. Slutsatserna av studien visade att bolag inte fattar ett ekonomiskt rationellt beslut med att inte anlita en revisor om de är i stort behov av extern finansiering. Anledningen är att dessa bolag betalar högre räntor som vid en hög belåning kan skillnaden i ränta mellan reviderade o oreviderade företag vara högre än revisionsarvodet. För övriga bolag som inte har stora skulder finner studien bevis för att företagsägarna fattar ett ekonomiskt rationellt beslut med att inte anlita en revisor eftersom de inte påverkas av räntenivåerna. Studien visade också att bolag utan revisor har lägre omsättning och lönsamhet samt har en lägre skuldsättningsgrad. Från enkäten kom vi fram till att företagsägare som inte anlitar en revisor har en högre utbildningsnivå inom redovisning/bokföring. Vi fann däremot inga bevis för att oreviderade företag köper mer konsultation inom redovisning än reviderade bolag.
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Riedel, Oliver, Richard Dodel, Günther Deuschl, Jens Klotsche, Hans Förstl, Isabella Heuser, Wolfgang H. Oertel, et al. "Depression and care-dependency in Parkinson’s disease: Results from a nationwide study of 1449 outpatients." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-120069.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequently compounded by neruropsychiatric complications, increasing disability. The combined effect of motor and mental status on care-dependency in PD outpatients is not well characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1449 PD outpatients. The assessment comprised the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the diagnostic criteria for dementia. PD severity and treatment complications were rated using Hoehn and Yahr staging and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) IV. The acknowledged level of care-dependency was documented. Care-dependency was present in 18.3% of all patients. A total of 13.9% had dementia, 18.8% had depression, and 14.3% had both. Regression analyses revealed increasing effects of age, PD duration, and PD severity on care-dependency in all three mental-disorder subgroups with the strongest effects in patients with depression only. Depressed patients with antidepressive treatment still had significantly higher PD severity, higher MADRS and UPDRS-IV scores but were not more likely to be care-dependent than non-depressed patients. Older age, longer duration and increased severity of PD contribute to care-dependency in patients with untreated depression. Treatment of depression is associated with lower rates of care-dependency.
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Riedel, Oliver, Richard Dodel, Günther Deuschl, Jens Klotsche, Hans Förstl, Isabella Heuser, Wolfgang H. Oertel, et al. "Depression and care-dependency in Parkinson’s disease: Results from a nationwide study of 1449 outpatients." Technische Universität Dresden, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27100.
Full textAbstract:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequently compounded by neruropsychiatric complications, increasing disability. The combined effect of motor and mental status on care-dependency in PD outpatients is not well characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1449 PD outpatients. The assessment comprised the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the diagnostic criteria for dementia. PD severity and treatment complications were rated using Hoehn and Yahr staging and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) IV. The acknowledged level of care-dependency was documented. Care-dependency was present in 18.3% of all patients. A total of 13.9% had dementia, 18.8% had depression, and 14.3% had both. Regression analyses revealed increasing effects of age, PD duration, and PD severity on care-dependency in all three mental-disorder subgroups with the strongest effects in patients with depression only. Depressed patients with antidepressive treatment still had significantly higher PD severity, higher MADRS and UPDRS-IV scores but were not more likely to be care-dependent than non-depressed patients. Older age, longer duration and increased severity of PD contribute to care-dependency in patients with untreated depression. Treatment of depression is associated with lower rates of care-dependency.
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Zawali, Naima. "La couverture des risques extremes de catastrophes naturelles : analyse théorique et empirique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100005.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de mener une réflexion sur les systèmes de couverture des risques de catastrophes naturelles en accordant une place particulière à la perception que les agents économiques ont des caractéristiques de ces risques. Il s’agit d’une part de mieux comprendre les déterminants des systèmes de couverture existant dans le monde et des comportements individuels, et d’autre part de comparer les différentes formes d’intervention publique face à ces risques. Nos travaux, essentiellement empiriques, s’appuient sur des données statistiques issues d’organismes internationaux et de centres de recherche sur les risques, mais aussi sur des données comportementales issue d’une expérience contrôlée. La typologie des systèmes d’assurance contre le risque d’inondation dans le monde que nous élaborons montre que le système public est globalement dominant et surtout appliqué dans les pays à faible revenu et à forte exposition au risque, le système mixte public/privé étant principalement appliqué dans des pays riches et relativement peu exposés. Concernant la demande d’assurance, ladisponibilité à payer pour s’assurer contre les risques naturels est significativement plus faible que celle pour les autres risques et ce, indépendamment des probabilités et des montants de perte. En comparant différents systèmes d’intervention publique, nous montrons que la mesure la plus efficace semble être une subvention de la prime d’assurance, mais qui peut être très coûteuse si la population est majoritairement composée d’individus présentant de forts biais dans la perception des risquesThe objective of this thesis is to better understand the determinants of natural catastrophe insurance systems in the world, as well as of individual behavior towards these risks. We also compare the efficiency of different public intervention forms in catastrophe risk management. Our data come from international organizations, research centers and one controlled experiment. From the typology of countries in terms of flood insurance that we elaborate it appears that the publicly provided flood insurance system is globally dominant and mainly applied in low-income countries with high risk exposure. Mixed public / private system are mainly applied in rich countries with low risk exposure. Concerning insurance demand, the willingness to pay for insurance is significantly lower for catastrophe risks than for other, standard risks, regardless of probability and amount of loss. Comparing different public intervention systems, we show that the most efficient measure is insurance premium subsidy but its costs can be very high for individual whose risk perception is biased
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Silva, Luiz Felipe Castelo Branco da. "Do cálice que cala à escuta que liberta : as expressões da demanda de abusadores e dependentes de álcool, no contexto do acolhimento, em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas no Distrito Federal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/5163.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia Clínica, 2009.Submitted by Allan Wanick Motta (allan_wanick@hotmail.com) on 2010-06-30T17:14:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_LuizFelipeCasteloBdaSilva.pdf: 1395594 bytes, checksum: a56f680796bce1e48a4c3b0bfb39aed5 (MD5)
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Este trabalho tem como tema axial a expressão da demanda de abusadores e dependentes de álcool em um serviço especializado. Seu objeto é a expressão da demanda de sujeitos abusadores e dependentes de álcool, que buscam volitivamente o serviço especializado de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas. A opção epistemológica se fundou na Epistemologia Qualitativa de González Rey, que advoga sobre a construção do conhecimento como realidade co-construída entre sujeito pesquisador e sujeitos pesquisados, privilegiando a função do diálogo neste processo. Seu objetivo principal foi conhecer como se expressa a demanda espontânea de sujeitos abusadores e dependentes de álcool, no contexto do acolhimento em serviço especializado, buscando investigar sobre a narrativa principal que conduz ao serviço, o processo decisório e os eventos influenciadores no processo de busca ou adiamento do pedido por ajuda especializada. Como referencial teórico foi adotado a Teoria Sistêmica, no qual o alcoolismo é compreendido como sintoma relacional e auxiliar na manutenção da homeostase dos sistemas familiares, ao mesmo tempo em que denuncia as disfuncionalidades do dinamismo do citado sistema. Este referencial foi complementando pelos pressupostos da Entrevista Motivacional e o modelo Transteórico dos Estágios da Mudança. Foi utilizada a metodologia da pesquisa qualitativa de González Rey. O instrumento utilizado foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Foram entrevistados nove sujeitos do gênero masculino, entre 30 e 51 anos de idade e de distintas classes sócio-econômicas. As entrevistas realizadas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas de acordo com a proposta interpretativa da Epistemologia Qualitativa, que defende que a construção do conhecimento é um processo construtivo interpretativo ao longo de todo o percurso da pesquisa. Foram construídas três Zonas de Sentido nomeadas como: 1) Pedido pelo rompimento do ciclo de perdas e resgate das coisas perdidas; 2)“Foi uma experiência assim horrível! Que eu não desejo pra ninguém, pois só eu sei o que eu passei”: crenças em torno da loucura e das estratégias de enfrentamento deste estigma por meio da Religião e 3) “De escravo a herdeiro: um pedido pela ruptura de padrões destrutivos constituídos e transmitidos transgeracionalmente”. A discussão dessas Zonas aponta para os múltiplos aspectos presente na expressão da demanda e para o imperativo de refletir sobre um acolhimento que contemple a complexidade de dimensões surgidas a partir do processo de construção da informação. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This paper´s main topic is the expressed needs of alcohol abusers and addicts at a specialized service. Its aim is the first expressed needs of subjects that abuse or are dependent on the use of alcohol, who seek of their own volition the specialized service of a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and other Drugs. The epistemological choice was based on the González Rey Qualitative Epistemology, wich advocates for the construction of knowledge as a co-built reality between the researcher-subject and the researched subjects, privileging the function of communication in the process. The study´s main objective was to learn about how the spontaneous expression of needs of alcohol-abusing and alcohol-dependent subjects is demonstrated in the context of their reception at a specialized Center, seeking to investigate on the core narrative that leads to the service, the decision-making process, and the events that influenced in the process of looking for specialized help, or its delayed action. The Systemic Theory was adopted as a theoretical reference, by which alcoholism is understood as a relational symptom and auxiliary in the maintenance of homeostasis of the familial systems, while is also dennounces the dysfunctional dynamics of those systems. The reference mentioned was complemented by the assumptions of the Motivational Interview and the Transtheoretical Modelo of Stages of Change. The qualitative research methodology of González Rey was used. The tool used was the semi-structured interview. They were interviewed nine men between 30 and 51 years old with socioeconomic diferences. The interviews were taped, transcribed and analized by the interpretative proposal of the Qualitative Epistemology, wich argues that the construction of knowledge is a constructive-interpretative process throughout the research work. Three Sense Zones were constructed and named: 1) Request for the break of the cycle of losses and rescue of lost things; 2) “It was a horrible experience! I don´t want anyone to go through it, for I know what I´ve been through”: beliefs about madness and the strategies of coping with this stigma; and 3) “From slave to heir: a request for the break with established desctrutive patterns that are transgenerationally conveyed”. The discussion of these Zones points toward the multiple aspects present in the expression of needs and to how imperative it is to reflect upon a reception that will contemplate the complexity of the dimensions that arise from the process of the construction of information.
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Al-Hasani, Firas Ali Jawad. "Multiple Constant Multiplication Optimization Using Common Subexpression Elimination and Redundant Numbers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9054.
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The multiple constant multiplication (MCM) operation is a fundamental operation in digital signal processing (DSP) and digital image processing (DIP). Examples of the MCM are in finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, matrix multiplication, and transforms.
The aim of this work is minimizing the complexity of the MCM operation using common subexpression elimination (CSE) technique and redundant number representations. The CSE technique searches and eliminates common digit patterns (subexpressions) among MCM coefficients. More common subexpressions can be found by representing the MCM coefficients using redundant number representations.
A CSE algorithm is proposed that works on a type of redundant numbers called the zero-dominant set (ZDS). The ZDS is an extension over the representations of minimum number of non-zero digits called minimum Hamming weight (MHW). Using the ZDS improves CSE algorithms' performance as compared with using the MHW representations. The disadvantage of using the ZDS is it increases the possibility of overlapping patterns (digit collisions). In this case, one or more digits are shared between a number of patterns. Eliminating a pattern results in losing other patterns because of eliminating the common digits. A pattern preservation algorithm (PPA) is developed to resolve the overlapping patterns in the representations.
A tree and graph encoders are proposed to generate a larger space of number representations. The algorithms generate redundant representations of a value for a given digit set, radix, and wordlength. The tree encoder is modified to search for common subexpressions simultaneously with generating of the representation tree. A complexity measure is proposed to compare between the subexpressions at each node. The algorithm terminates generating the rest of the representation tree when it finds subexpressions with maximum sharing. This reduces the search space while minimizes the hardware complexity.
A combinatoric model of the MCM problem is proposed in this work. The model is obtained by enumerating all the possible solutions of the MCM that resemble a graph called the demand graph. Arc routing on this graph gives the solutions of the MCM problem. A similar arc routing is found in the capacitated arc routing such as the winter salting problem. Ant colony optimization (ACO) meta-heuristics is proposed to traverse the demand graph. The ACO is simulated on a PC using Python programming language. This is to verify the model correctness and the work of the ACO. A parallel simulation of the ACO is carried out on a multi-core super computer using C++ boost graph library.
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Sheng-KaiTung and 董勝凱. "Airline Revenue Optimization under Price-dependent Demand." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82557878949981187024.
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碩士國立成功大學
交通管理科學系
103
After the 1978 US Airline Deregulation Act removed many of regulations over airlines, revenue management (RM) systems were introduced to the airlines for objectively maximizing their revenue. With the increased competition in the airline industry, RM has been recognized as an important tool for the business success in such industry and received a lot of attention. Due to the limited aircraft seats, airlines must determine the amount of seats to be allocated to each of all fare class seats and the fares of those seats to charge to maximize revenues. Previous researches related to RM in airlines generally considered pricing and seat allocation as two problems and studied them independently. However, in practice, the demand of each class seat depends on its fare. Therefore, we assume inverse demand function, the fare for each fare class seat depends upon the number of seats demanded by itself. This study used the methods of expected marginal seat revenue (EMSR) and mathematical programming to formulate seat allocation and pricing models to simultaneously determine the optimal fare and seat allocation multiple fare class seats, in such that the total expected revenue is maximized. The computational results on the test examples presented in this study demonstrated that the use of mathematical programming method can achieve optimal revenue, with the results that are better than those achieved with EMSR method. We also compared the difference between the solutions solved by mathematical programming method and EMSR method
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Chen, Wei-Hao, and 陳韋豪. "Location Routing Problem with Time-Dependent Demand." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g9fj63.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
104
This research introduces the location routing problem with time-dependent demand (LRPTDD) which extends the location routing problem by considering the demand flowing at a constant rate over a known production period associated to each customer site. The objective is to design a set of vehicle tours to pick the accumulated demands at the sites while minimizing the sum of routing cost, depot cost, and vehicle utility cost. The pick load depends on the vehicle’s arrival time at the site. This is the “time dependency” nature of our problem. A mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) formulation is presented. This research develops a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm for the LRPTDD. The computational study demonstrates the competitiveness of the proposed SA heuristic against other well-known algorithms used for LRP instances and most importantly, its effectiveness for the LRPTDD instances.
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Chen, Chang Syuan, and 陳昶亘. "Lot size decision on stock-dependent demand." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93101313922026044717.
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碩士長庚大學
商管專業學院
103
This thesis is based on integrated vendor-buyer model. The buyer has two storage spaces which are warehouse and display area. When vendor produces a batch of product and delivers it to the buyer, buyer will transport the products of warehouse to display area. In this thesis demand is not a fixed value. Demand is assumed to be positively dependent on the displayed products. And this thesis considers display area has existed ending inventory. This thesis develops a model that combine with the total profit of buyer and that of vendor. The objective is to maximize total profit of the supply chain and to find up the optimal solution of model.
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WANG, CHIA-WEI, and 王嘉偉. "Optimal Ordering Policy with State-dependent Demand Rate." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48684557037525594347.
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碩士逢甲大學
應用數學所
99
Inventory is the total amount of goods waiting for processing or being processing . The costs for inventory exist throughout all kinds of economy.Inventory theory is the study of minimizing the costs associated with keeping the goods in a store or factory and satisfying customer orders. An optimal policy consists of the best time to place an order and the optimal quantity to order. This study considers the inventory problems involving different constant demand rates for different seasons in a fixed time period. Mathematical analysis is performed to obtain the optimal ordering policy for two seasons. Examples of numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the results of mathematical analysis. Inventory costs by the Economic Ordering Quantity (EOQ model) are also computed and compared.
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Lin, Hsiao-Han, and &;#63988;筱涵. "Online group-buying model with inventory dependent demand." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32773366831263834086.
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碩士中興大學
行銷學系所
102
In 2008, the first group-buying website-Groupon comes out in the U.S. Because this kind of business model grows really fast, more and more similar group-buying websites start to sell group-buying products to share this market. Latter Taiwan followed the U.S to establish group-buying business company immediately. The market analysis data shows that in Taiwan 2010 the group-buying market size had already reached NT$ 7 billion and 160 million dollars, and market size continues expanding over time. For a seller using the group-buying website as a sales channel, it is important to figure out consumers’ inner feelings about group-buying. In our research, we will construct a mathematical model and use data analysis to suggest the optimal decision policy. We can offer group-buying company’s manager the decision-making criteria to manage products operation. Through some empirical observation, we found that in group-buying market demand will increase while inventory decreased. According to the characteristic of connection between demand and inventory, we derive online group-buying decision model to help group-buying company’s manager to run their business better. Formulating an online group-buying decision model can help group-buying companies’ managers to setup a better policy for products management. They can use this model to calculate the optimal sales horizon and stocking quantity as products control policy in order to achieve the maximum profit. Following that we use numerical analysis and sensitivity analysis to see how each parameter affects group-buying decision model. Analysis results show that the parameterdemand rate has the greatest effect on model. Group-buying company can stock more goods when market demand rate was greater, so that selling products on the group-buying website longer can gain higher revenue.
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Lin, Hsiao-Han, and 林筱涵. "Online group-buying model with inventory dependent demand." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31713726001050855893.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
行銷學系所
102
In 2008, the first group-buying website-Groupon comes out in the U.S. Because this kind of business model grows really fast, more and more similar group-buying websites start to sell group-buying products to share this market. Latter Taiwan followed the U.S to establish group-buying business company immediately. The market analysis data shows that in Taiwan 2010 the group-buying market size had already reached NT$ 7 billion and 160 million dollars, and market size continues expanding over time. For a seller using the group-buying website as a sales channel, it is important to figure out consumers’ inner feelings about group-buying. In our research, we will construct a mathematical model and use data analysis to suggest the optimal decision policy. We can offer group-buying company’s manager the decision-making criteria to manage products operation. Through some empirical observation, we found that in group-buying market demand will increase while inventory decreased. According to the characteristic of connection between demand and inventory, we derive online group-buying decision model to help group-buying company’s manager to run their business better. Formulating an online group-buying decision model can help group-buying companies’ managers to setup a better policy for products management. They can use this model to calculate the optimal sales horizon and stocking quantity as products control policy in order to achieve the maximum profit. Following that we use numerical analysis and sensitivity analysis to see how each parameter affects group-buying decision model. Analysis results show that the parameterdemand rate has the greatest effect on model. Group-buying company can stock more goods when market demand rate was greater, so that selling products on the group-buying website longer can gain higher revenue.
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Huang, Chu-Tzu, and 黃竹慈. "the optimal price of the inventory-level dependent demand." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11932014441537808906.
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碩士國立中央大學
工業管理研究所
95
In this paper we study optimal dynamic pricing strategies for the seasonal goods with consider of inventory-level dependent demand in retail stores. The main assumptions that determine the pricing policy in our paper are the finite planning horizon, the perishable of the products, and the fact that, after deciding the initial inventory, the cost of the goods is a sunk cost. On the other hand, the salvage value of the unsold units is zero after the selling horizon. Practically, in the fashion industry that it’s perishable and its market vary fast, in general, consumers willing to pay lower price to buy toward the end of the season. But it is influenced that consumers’ purchase will is not merely decreased progressively by time, also influenced by the quantity of the surplus stock, number of design. We use the periodic pricing review policies as a benchmark against which we compare more rational and more accurate models that consider inventory-level dependent demand factor. We also show the difference that the initial pricing and the expecting profit of the models which we present.
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Wan, Yi-Wen, and 王怡文. "An inventory model with stock-dependent demand and backlogging rate." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86308239130149864226.
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碩士樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
97
In this paper, a deterministic inventory model with time-dependent backlogging rate is developed. The demand rate is a power function of the on-hand inventory until down to a certain stock level, at which the demand rate becomes a constant. We prove that the optimal replenishment policy not only exists but also is unique. Furthermore, we provide simple solution procedures for finding the maximum total profit per unit time. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the model and conclude the paper with suggestions for possible future research.
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Yang, Ting-chu, and 楊婷茱. "Distribution Network Design with Stochastic Demand and Volume-dependent Costs." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60398440216350031059.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理研究所
100
This study focuses on finished products strategic distribution and delivery network design, which is a long-term planning involved in large capital investment and having long-term effects on future operations. Seasonal demand variation is considered in this research. The inventory and replenishment mechanisms are used in distribution centers and manufacturers as a buffer to respond the demand variations. Direct shipment from manufacturers, transshipment through distribution centers, and economies of scale in transportation costs are considered to reflect the real-world distribution operations. The stochastic programming model is used to formulate the strategic distribution network design problem in multi-echelon supply chain and tries to determine 1) the best distribution plan for direct shipments and transshipments; 2) the optimal facility number and locations for the distribution centers. Finally, an example was created to test the performance of the proposed model.
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Ting, Wan-Ting, and 丁婉婷. "An Economic Order Quantity Model Considering Carbon Emission-Dependent Demand." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37271556196804039450.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
工業管理研究所
104
Since nineteenth Century, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has more increased. Global temperature has increased 0.3 to 0.6 degrees Celsius nowadays, and the sea levels have risen by 10~25 centimeters; if we continue to be the pace of global development, and then over 50 to 100 years, the temperature will rise 2 to 3 degrees Celsius; the sea level will rise 30 to 100 centimeters. It will seriously endanger the survival of all mankind. The United Nations in 1992 promulgated “Framework Convention on Climate Change”, and in 1997 the “Kyoto Protocol” and by “the Paris Agreement” in December 2015. The purpose of them are to modify the deficiencies of the Kyoto Protocol, and these are committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We refer to the model proposed by Chen et al. (2013). The thesis base on traditional economic order quantity, and then add the issue of carbon emissions, combined the two unrelated issues. We consider carbon emission dependent demand function, and use the demand function in the economic order quantity model, carbon tax and the cap-and-trade policy. We also use numerical analysis to compare parameters in different situation considering whether effect the retailer’s cost or not. And we can see the result that the retailer's cost of adjusted order quantity lower than the economic order quantity. It means that Chen et al.（2013） is also establish in my research. The parameters of the changes caused by the carbon tax model of large differences in market size, elastic coefficient of carbon emission, carbon emissions per unit of purchased goods when the carbon emission doesn't reach the cap. The parameters set in this study regarding cap and trade has reached the cap on carbon emissions will have no effect on it, because of the available carbon emission have surplus. It doesn't need to charge the tax as a penalty, so it is the same with the traditional economic order model.
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Wang, Hui-Hsuan, and 王蕙萱. "A multistage supply chain planning with price dependent stochastic demand." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50365329600562243036.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
交通管理學系碩博士班
97
In this research, we primarily focus on decision-making for a manufacturer when consi-dering multi-period procurement, manufacturing, transportation, supply, inventory and pricing plan under uncertain demand, limited capacity and economic of scale in production in order to maximize manufacturer’s profit. The problem has been formulated as a two-stage and a multistage stochastic programming problem with the concept of dynamic pricing embedded to reflect manufacturer’s operational strategies. The L-shapped method is empirically applied to solve the proposed two-stage and multis-tage stochastic programming formulations of Chi Mei Optoelectronics’s in-house LCD TV supply chain planning problem. In the numerical experiment, we generate 16 random problem instances with demand values sampled from realistic volumes to analyze the impact of critical factors on manufacturer’s revenue. In addition, a sensitive analysis has been performed to investigate the impact of economic of scale. From the numerical results, we observe that a multistage formulation yields better system performance than a two-stage formulation due to the fact that the resource allocation can be adjusted in response to the uncertain demand realized in each stage.
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Yang, Shu-Ting, and 楊舒婷. "Inventory Management for Dependent Demand Characterized by Fractional Brownian Motion." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02583184968033627948.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
97
Inventory management is an important issue in the manufacture. The target of developing these inventory models is to determine optimal order quantity and gain the maximum profit. Hence, in this thesis, we assume the demand in the manufacture is under fractional Brownian motion. We also use fractional Brownian motion by Hurst exponent in the fixed lead-time demand to modify (Q, r) inventory model. Finally, we simulated fBm process by different H values for the lead time demand to develop inventory policy. We compare result with independent model. We could find out our model is better than assumed independent model. We hope that could provide managers to make a correct decision.
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Chen, Husan-Kai, and 陳炫凱. "An optimal replenishment policy for deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74312373286432139171.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
工業管理研究所
95
In some retail contexts, stocking large quantities of inventory may not only improve service levels, but can also stimulate demand. Marketing researchers also recognize the demand of many retail items is proportional to the amount of inventory displayed. For products having demand rates that increase with inventory levels, we present an inventory model for deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand over a finite planning horizon. In addition, we also incorporate the effect of quantity discount and time factor of purchase cost while inventory decision making. No backorders, complete backlogged and partial backlogging are considered in the model; and further, the backlogging rate is variable and dependent on the waiting time for the next replenishment. We shall be concerned with finding the optimal number of replenishments and service rate to minimize the total relevant costs. Numerical examples are displayed to illustrate the proposed models and sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to the parameters of the system is carried out.
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FanYang-Jen and 范揚仁. "A Deterministic Inventory Model with an Inventory-Level-Dependent Demand Rate." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82679407496920524680.
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Shin-Shiang, Liang, and 梁信翔. "A two-warehouse inventory model with demand dependent on inventory level." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32904867606744264438.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
企業管理研究所
94
Practically, various factors, such as attractive price discount for bulk purchase, make retailers buy goods which are more than the capacity of their owned warehouse. Hence, retailers have to rent or build warehouses which provide additional space to store the excess quantities. For economical consideration, however, they usually choose to rent warehouses. Moreover, classical inventory models usually assume that the demand is constant but independent of inventory level. Recently, some researchers release this assumption and develop inventory models, which the demand is dependent on inventory level. They attempt to find the optimal ordering policy. However, few inventory models concerning two-warehouse model and inventory-level-dependent demand pattern have been found in the literature. In a recent paper, Zhou and Yang (2005) develop an inventory model considering the two-warehouse model and stock-dependent demand rate. In this study, we extend their model by assuming that demand rate would decline when stock-level goes down to a certain level of the inventory, and then it would become constant for the rest of the cycle. The proposed model considering inventory model with two warehouses and stock-dependent demand rate will make the retailers to determine whether to use rented warehouse and how to order. The objective of the proposed model is to maximize the average profit, and find the optimal replenishment quantity, replenishment cycle and shipment schedule. Finally, numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are presented to illustrate the proposed model.
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Huang, Xiang-Ru, and 黃湘茹. "Online Group-Buying Decision Model with Price and Inventory-Dependent Demand." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40600702531329427361.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
行銷學系所
104
Gomaji has entered the group-buying market since 2010. In Taiwan , Gomaji have more than 50 percent market share. In the second half of 2015, limited discounts and other market restrictions have slow down its growing rate. For this reason, Gomaji has decided to transform itself from a discount-oriented group-buying gadget to a coupons platform providing all the activities. Hence more and more product merchants are planning to use this new-style channel to reach their targeted consumers. However, the preferential schemes for merchants to use this channel and increase their benefits are rare in studies to date. Hence a discussion on the issue is presented in this research. An interesting phenomenon can be observed in this marketing channel. When the inventory level posted on the website is decreasing, it possibly implies that more and more people are consuming this product/service. Due to the word-of-mouth effect, shoppers’ willing to buy can be expanded. For this reason, we assume the group-buying rate is positively correlated with the inventory level in this research. Another factor to the group-buying rate is the pricing strategy. Intuitively, higher prices will increase the retailer’s unit profit, but reduce the group-buying rate. Furthermore, on-line sales horizon also needs to be considered for which can affect both the retailer’s expenditure and the product sales volume. In short, this study uses inter-relationship between price, inventory, sales horizon, and inventory-dependent group-buying rate to derive a decision-support model. Formulating an online group-buying decision model as a supporting scheme for merchants to determine time horizon, inventory quantity and price, and maximize their total sales profit is the purpose of this research. We use storage capacity, time horizon and price as the decision variables and achieve their optimal closed-form solution. Besides, we use numerical analysis and sensitivity analysis to identify the influence of each parameter in this decision model. The result shows market size is the most significant effect in our model. It is intuitive that online group-buying merchants should increase their initial inventory levels as market size increases.
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Jen-YuanCheng and 鄭仁淵. "Using Dependent Virtual Sample for Solving Short-Term Demand Forecasting Problem." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96024836915745203600.
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Yi-ChenWu and 吳宜臻. "The Postponement Strategy for Supply Chain Planning with Price Dependent Stochastic Demand." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82707671145265678239.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
交通管理學系碩博士班
99
In this research, we focus on decision-making for a manufacturer supplying two kind of product when consider single-period procurement, manufacturing, transportation, inventory, distribution and pricing plan under uncertain demand, limited economic of scale in production in order to maximize manufacturer’s expected profit. The problem has been formulated as a maximum expected profit problem and a minimum expected cost problem with the concept of manufacturing in postponement or speculation. An L-shaped decomposition with an additional decomposition step in the master problem is proposed. One of the computational results showed that the postponement strategy yields better system performance than speculation strategy due to the semi-finished goods can get risk pooling effect and then reduce demand variability and inventory. The other showed that a profit formulation yields better system performance than a cost formulation due to it can decide production by pricing, and consider the tradeoff between expected revenue and expected cost simultaneously to get optimize pricing and increase expected profit.
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Erickson and 梁立生. "Application of Reinforcement Learning on Production Decision with Lead Time Dependent Demand." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d6r6g9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
106
Nowadays, in this era the direct sales from manufacturer to the customer is a common thing, so it will not need to get through by retailer. In the direct sales channel, manufacturers sell products directly to customers through the internet, their owned stores or mail order to reduce the distribution cost. As the increasing the demand, the lead time is longer too, make some customers cancel the demand. It makes the manufacturers facing stochastic environment that they need to decide the right amount to produce. In this research we purpose using reinforcement learning approach to decide the production per period. There are several factors to see the performance of reinforcement learning that the price, standard deviation, lead time dependent demand factor, production cost, backorder cost, and inventory cost. The result shows that using the reinforcement learning succeed to reduce the backorder by 17% and gain more profit by 2.62%. it concludes that whatever the design of different instances settings, there are still improvement on the profit and the inventory level.
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CAI, YAO-PO, and 蔡堯波. "The Newsboy Problem with Price-Dependent Demand Distribution- A Possibility Distribution Approach." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76747036399065856967.
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Li, Chia-wei, and 李家葦. "The deteriorating inventory model with stock-dependent demand and carbon offsetting policy." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06314173042359988007.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
103
Nowadays, environmental protection issues have received more and more attention due to climate change and global warming. In order to slow down the process and prevent it from deteriorating ecological system, many countries around the world have implemented carbon emission regulations to curb the greenhouse gas emissions. Businesses taking strategic approaches to carbon management now will gain imme- diate business benefits in the future. In this paper we develop a carbon-constrained deteriorating inventory model when inventory stimulates demand. Starting with some mild assumptions, we first characterize the profit maximizing inventory re- plenishment strategy under the Carbon Cap-and-Trade policy, and then make some extensions to the model with the Carbon Offset policy. Finally, a numerical ex- ample and sensitivity analysis are presented to illustrate the theoretical results and obtain
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Peng, Kang-Yung, and 彭康勇. "A Study for Wholesaler and Retailer Inventory Models with Stock-Dependent Demand." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61663288574680549296.
Full textAbstract:
碩士健行科技大學
工業管理系碩士班
104
For certain types of merchandise, customer’s demand rates could be affected by inventory levels. This study considers two inventory models where the demand rate is correlated with the stock level. The first model discusses the inventory model for retailer’s warehouse and store. We assume that the goods are stored by the retailer’s warehouse in a larger quantity, and then are shipped to the store for sale in a less quantity. The second model investigates the distribution problem for wholesaler and retailer. The wholesaler conducts an inspection process for goods to eliminate defective items. Subsequently, the prefect items are delivered to the retailer. For the two models, the optimal inventory policies with separate and joint decision-makings are discussed, respectively. We derive the optimal policies by minimizing the total inventory cost or maximizing the total profit. Moreover, the solution procedures to solve the two models are proposed. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate solution steps, and show how to derive the optimal number of delivery and the optimal delivery quantity. The management insights from this study are suggested to managers determining inventory policies.
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Lin, I.-Hsiang, and 林翊翔. "Construction of a Demand-Response Two-Phase Time-Dependent Logistics Distribution System." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08789254939596402920.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
92
Logistics distribution systems and marketing are closely integrated nowadays. As a result, to satisfy customer needs, distribution suppliers classify their customers and provide specific services for each category of customers. This research presents a highly flexible two-phase distribution model, which allows delivery companies to not only reduce running costs but also boost customer satisfaction, by providing specific services to different categories of customers. The model is divided into customer grouping – phase one – and production distribution – phase two. In the first phase, customers are classified into groups based on customers’ attributes. In the second phase, products are delivered to demand points, i.e. customers as grouped in phase one. Customer grouping reinforces the specific attributes of customers and thus helps delivery suppliers to work out appropriate distribution strategies. Production distribution is then divided into two sub-questions: vehicle assignment, and routing. The objective functions of these two sub-questions include terms reflect different requests from supply and demand ends. The vehicle assignment sub-question indicates how to best serve the orders of customer groups, based on the delivery company’s strategy. The vehicle routing sub-question indicates the most effective routing path for each vehicle assignment, as defined in the vehicle assignment sub-question. Vehicle routing paths are determined based on the preferences of the delivery companies: control of total vehicle routing time, early arrival and delay time. As the traveling costs of the vehicle routing links are time-dependent, results obtained are particularly practical. To solve the vehicle routing sub-question, a dynamic programming method is presented, which reduces both the number of computing iterations and the solving time. Applied to delivery company S, this two-phase distribution model suggests distribution plans with lower costs than either the customer location grouping model or the delivery company’s original distribution plans. Terms of the objective function in the model accurately reflect requests from the demand and supply ends of the distribution operations. That is, if weights of the supply terms are raised, vehicle routing time and lead time decrease, while customer waiting time increases. On the other hand, if weights of the demand terms are raised, vehicle routing time and lead time increase, while customer waiting time decreases. Furthermore, if the cost per unit of vehicle operation time is raised, vehicle routing time decreases and customer waiting time increases. Conversely, if penalty costs for disobeying the customer time window are raised, vehicle routing time increases and customer waiting time decreases. In addition, if the fleet size is enlarged, the lead time decreases. Finally, if goods are delivered by batch, all costs go up. When planning delivery routes, distribution supplier should be aware of the conflicts among all these costs to control both relative cost and customer satisfaction.
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Tsai, Wei-Jung, and 蔡威忠. "An Inventory Model for Demand Rate-Dependent Selling Price with Partial Backorders." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56xs5w.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
機械與自動化工程所
96
The main study of this paper was to develop the inventory model of the product whose demand rate-dependent selling price with partial backorders. At the same time, the assumption of that the rate of demand within the backorder duration is decreasing when the shortage time is increasing. The optimal selling price of product, backorder time and order quantity will be decided with maximizing the net profit. We also provide two numerical examples, to describe the results and their effects. Simultaneously, we also use the sensitivity analysis to verify the effects of model parameters. Finally, the model analyses results will be provided to decider make decision.
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Chen, Liang-Tu, and 陳亮都. "Collaborative Marketing and Procurement/Production Planning with Price-Dependent and Time-Varying Demand." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65492300177624274290.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中央大學
工業管理研究所
94
Although the evolving information management technologies provide a unified platform for managing and integrating core business processes within a firm, the decision-making between marketing and procurement/production planning remains loosely dependent. It is due in large part to the inherent weaknesses of the technologies such as fixed and static parameters settings and uncapacitated assumption. To remedy these drawbacks, we propose optimal decision models that solve the replenishment/production lot-size problem taking into account the dynamic aspects of customer’s demand. More specifically, we consider a single continuous decay product in a periodic review inventory system where shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. The demand of such product is assumed to be a multivariate function, depending solely on price and time. Unlike previous research, upward or downward adjustment of the selling price can be made at each review epoch. The objective of this research is to determine the periodic selling price and lot-size over multi-period planning horizon so that the total profit is maximized. The problems are formulated as dynamic programming models and solved by numerical search techniques. The models can be used as an add-on optimizer that coordinates distinct functions with the objective of maximizing total profit. Special emphasis is placed on the comparative study between the proposed optimization models that are based on the coordinated and decentralized policies, and the inventory followed by shortages (IFS) and shortages followed by inventory (SFI) replenishment/production systems. To even more understand the properties and behaviors of the proposed model and solution procedure, a real case study for sliced raw fishes at a local supermarket of a large national retail chain is carried out.
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Yi-Chia, Tseng, and 曾羿嘉. "Inventory model for Inverse Weibull distributed deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand rates." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69151570796947458531.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
應用數學系研究所
99
According to inventory’s research, products will transform to not as expected, even not to be used, because of some factors. Therefore, the deteriorated rate of products must be taken into account while discussion inventory model. Generally, Bathtub-shaped deteriorated rate function must keep in products’ lifetime. In fact, Jiang et al. (2003) suggest that not all products need to follow the bathtub-shaped deteriorated rate. Deteriorating times often follow the models with unimodal (or reverse bathtub-shaped) deterioration rate when failures are caused by fatigue or corrosion. And we can consider the importance of demand rate in the inventory modals from the discussion of customers’ products demand. Demand rate usually changes by inventory level and time. Levin et al. (1972) and Silver and Peterson (1982) both noticed that the sales will proportional with the amount of inventory displayed. Under the assumption of constant service level and the replenishment intervals over the limited planning horizon, this paper will discuss an inventory model that the deterioration rate of the item is the Inverse Weibull distribution, and the demand rate is a function of time depend on stock level. As the result, we use the numerical example to provide references for business industry.