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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dependency theory'
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1
Kreps, Christian John Manfred. "Extraction, movement and dependency theory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300589.
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Weiss, Oliver. "Dependency theory and Eastern bloc trade : reformulating a forgotten paradigm." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/55251/.
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This thesis is concerned with the intentions and effects of subsidised trade within the Eastern bloc. It argues that the core Soviet objective in Eastern Europe from the Thaw onwards was not exploitation for economic gain; subsidisation in return for political concessions; or an ideologically-driven desire for socialist integration, but instead to secure the dependence of the smaller socialist economies on the USSR. It is argued that advances can be made on existing literature by employing a concept of dependence which is capable of linking-up the primarily political concerns that motivated socialist international economic policy with the economic consequences for development that resulted. In order to accomplish this, a revised version of dependency theory (DT) formed through a critique of classical dependency work is used. DT is proposed as a starting-point for two reasons: firstly it was concerned to look at the interrelation between international processes and national development, a notable absence from the literature on Eastern bloc trade, and secondly the subsidised nature of this trade seems to beg the application of a theory which stresses the significance of international political and economic asymmetries. The type of dependency analysis proposed here differs from classical DT in several ways, most centrally in that an ideal-typical approach is used which allows for open-ended investigation of reciprocal influence between centre/periphery, as well as the recognition of significant differences between Soviet-type and developed market economies by refraining from making positive statements about either the nature of centre/periphery in themselves or their interactions. The impetus for this reformulation comes from the result of the literature review that some concept of dependence could help to fully articulate the consequences for development of Eastern bloc trade relations in the context of East-West antagonism.
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Bohnenberger-Rich, Simone. "China and Kazakhstan : economic hierarchy, dependency and political power?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3126/.
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The thesis uses a neoclassical realist framework to investigate the link between economic influence and political power in China’s foreign policy, taking Kazakhstan as a case study. Over the last decades, China developed formidable relative economic capabilities that it increasingly projects externally. An in-depth look at Chinese trade, finance and investment elucidates the drivers of China’s economic influence in Kazakhstan. The analysis shows that Beijing created strong economic dependencies, which in turn introduced a steep hierarchy in the bilateral relationship that leaves Astana in a subordinate and Beijing in a dominant position. This dependency is driven by the legitimacy and revenue needs of the Kazakhstani elite, on the one hand, and China’s relative economic capabilities, guided by Beijing’s “Go Global” and “Go West” initiatives, on the other. The thesis discusses the complex array of economic institutions that project Chinese economic power into Kazakhstan and their relationship with Beijing to determine whether Kazakhstan’s economic dependence is the outcome of a deliberate policy directed by Beijing. After establishing the extent of the hierarchy and dependency of the relationship, the thesis addresses China’s ability to translate the dependency into meeting its foreign policy interests. Beijing does indeed successfully leverage this dependency to meet its political objectives, most notably in gaining access to Kazakhstani resources. Furthermore, an in-depth cases study of the Sino-Kazakhstani transboundary water dispute illustrates that Beijing can maximise its foreign policy objective of maintaining absolute sovereignty over its rivers on the back Kazakhstan’s economic dependence. However, this outcome is driven largely by Kazakhstan itself, particularly by its elite. This turns China into a hydro-hegemon, undermining its foreign policy principles of “win-win” and “mutually beneficial” cooperation.
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Van, Roggen Trish. "A test of dependency theory: A case study of the Ivory Coast." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5409.
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Iyogun, Amanele Fidelia. "Opportunities for third world industrialization : dependency theory and the newly industrializing countries." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42006.
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This study is an exploration of dependency theory and the Newly Industrializing
Countries (NICs). The issues which are addressed are threefold:
1. An exploration of dependency theory, especially the variant of it that is
advocated by Frank, Amin and Wallerstein. These authors have constantly
maintained that growth is not possible in the Third World as long as the
region is integrated into the world capitalist economy. The NICs,
particularly Taiwan and South Korea are testimonies that that assumption
is not entirely valid because they are incorporated and have also witnessed
impressive economic growth.
2. An examination of the debate over the character of the NICs. An analysis
of Taiwan and South Korea shows that they have experienced considerable
economic growth. However, there is limited transformation in the standard
of life of the citizens.
3. The factors that are responsible for the economic growth of Taiwan and
South Korea are hypothesized. These factors are both external and internal
to these countries. They are (a) a strongly polarized international ideological
atmosphere which made these countries client states of the United States of
America, (b) an inflow of massive aid from the U.S to these states and (c)
the presence of a strong state apparatus in these countries. The state
institutions combined internal creativity with the opportunities provided by
the international scene to initiate and implement good strategies for their
industrial transformation.
The lessons other Third World countries can learn from Taiwan and South Korea
is that East and West rivalry can create opportunities for strategic countries in
the region of conflict. But the internal dynamics of the countries have to be
responsible for seizing the chance and for utilizing it well.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
6
You, Chuanman. "A comparative study from the path dependency theory : understanding China's takeover regulations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/77657/.
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Gagné, Marie-Anik Tyna. "A nation within a nation: The Dependency Theory and the James Bay Cree." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6511.
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This thesis analyses the conditions of the James Bay Cree using the Dependency Theory. The first chapter consists of a discussion surrounding the theory. This is followed by a look at how the Cree became a periphery through the years. The third chapter highlights the effects of dependency on the mental and physical health of First Nations Citizens across the country. The James Bay Hydroelectric Project is then given as an example of how the centre exploits the peripheries. Finally the possible solutions to the problem of dependency are discussed in the conclusion.
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Recabarren, Silva Javier Eduardo. "The path-dependent and path-shaping struggle over neoliberal trade liberalisation in Chile." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27228.
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A remarkable feature of the global political economy has been the durability of neoliberalism at the national—through neoliberal policies and programs—and international —through the increase of Preferential Trade Agreements—scales. This thesis examines these broader characteristics through an in-depth study of Chilean trade policy from 1973–2020.
My argument is that the authoring of neoliberalism in Chile can be examined by analysing four conjunctural crises or moments. The first of these appeared during the 1981–1982 debt crisis following the rupture of the Pinochet period. The second occurred during and after the centre-left coalition—called Concertación—came to power in 1990. The third appeared after the 1998 Asian crisis, while the fourth has been ongoing since 2011 when the Chilean state sought to be part of the Trans-Pacific Partnership. A critical political economy perspective is developed that combines three interlinked theoretical frameworks: a strategic-relational approach to the state, the concept of authoritarian neoliberalism and elements of Latin America dependency theory. The central argument is that there has been a path-dependent but struggle-driven constitution of trade liberalisation in Chile. It is also argued that this policy trajectory developed pathological features that were central elements for the continual reproduction of an authoritarian neoliberal trade policy with class-relevant characteristics.
The originality of the thesis lies in tracking the authoritarian rise, hegemonic trajectory and decline of trade policy within these four conjunctures from a critical political economy approach. This investigation highlights how the central role of state power and class forces authored the reproduction of authoritarian neoliberalism and the lock-in of neoliberal capital accumulation. Finally, the thesis explores the conflicts, contradictions, and struggle-driven dimensions that have always been part of this economic policy.
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Almond, Nicholas Mark. "Use-it-or-lose-it : investigating the cognitive reserve hypothesis and use-dependency theory." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2021/.
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In popular psychology the use-it-or-lose-it theory has become accepted; that is, an increase in cognitive activity, particularly in later life, can reduce cognitive decline associated with both pathological and healthy aging. In the field of cognitive neuropsychology, the use-it-or-lose-it theory can represent either the cognitive reserve hypothesis or use-dependency theory. The cognitive reserve hypothesis states that an individual must be relatively cognitively active throughout life (particularly in early life) in order to build up a cognitive reserve to counter cognitive decline in old age. The use-dependency theory asserts that a high level of cognitive activity in later life is sufficient to attenuate or even reverse the cognitive aging process. Questionnaire studies in this thesis have indicated that different cognitive activities have a greater effect on subjective measures of cognitive functioning. Specifically, the results showed that undertaking cryptic crosswords frequently appear to have a greater impact on cognitive awareness in older adults (compared to younger adults) than other cognitive activities. Furthermore, there was evidence that attempting cryptic crosswords encouraged older adults to form a realistic understanding of their current level of cognitive functioning, which suggested that such crosswords may be used as an intervention activity to promote cognitive functioning. This was investigated by using a within-subjects intervention to examine the effect of regularly attempting cryptic crosswords on subjective and objective measures of cognitive functioning. The within-subjects approach eliminated potential mediating factors that may have influenced the impact of cognitive activity of cognitive interventions in previous studies (e.g. Jopp & Hertzog, 2007). The results confirmed that cryptic crossword participation enhanced cognitive awareness in older adults, particularly in those who could be regarded as being at-risk of sudden cognitive decline. However, there was no evidence that the intervention activity promoted objective measures of cognitive functions, which are known to decline with age (e.g. episodic memory, metacognition). A within-subjects design was also used to manipulate stimulus characteristics to produce analogies of the cognitive reserve hypothesis and use-dependency theory. This technique bypassed the use of self-report measures of both cognitive activity and cognitive functioning, which may be intrinsically linked (e.g. Hertzog, 2009). These studies provided a modicum of support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis but no support for the use-dependency theory. A novel model of the cognitive reserve hypothesis and use-dependency theory is presented which implicated the metacognition system as a key component that mediates the effect of cognitive activity on cognitive functioning in later life. The overarching findings suggest that an increase in cognitive activity in later life can enhance cognitive awareness but, due to an age-related deficit in the metacognitive pathway, older adults are unable to modify their behaviour to compensate for age-related cognitive decline in memory functioning. Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive activity in later life can produce changes in subjective but not objective measures of cognitive functioning. Future research needs to use similar within-subjects techniques to develop accessible cost-effective cognitive interventions, which specifically target the metacognition system. Even though a copious amount of research has provided support for both theories, the link between cognitive activity and cognitive decline remains tenuous with no clear causal relationship (e.g. Salthouse, 2006). This thesis has taken in consideration whether the use of a between-subjects design, the measures of cognitive activity and the assessment of cognitive functioning used in previous research may have produced a disproportionate postulation of the effect that cognitive activity can have on cognitive functioning and decline in healthy adults.
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Vera, Mariela Anahi. "A social exchange and power dependency theory perspective of Mexican immigrant family communication patterns." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/690.
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This study aimed to identify the family communication patterns that were typical of Mexican immigrant'schildhood and parenthood, along with the influence that resources and the distribution of power and dependency have within the family structure. In doing so, this study demonstrated how a change in the family communication pattern occurs after migration to the United States. Moreover, this study uncovered some of the reasons behind the change in communication.
Fifteen conversational interviews were conducted in the homes of Mexican immigrants to address the following three research questions: (1) How do parents of Mexican immigrant families describe the family communication patterns that typified their communication with their parents, in terms of (a) socio-orientation versus concept orientation, (b) resources, and (c) power dependency? (2) How do parents of Mexican immigrant families describe the family communication patterns that typify their communication with their children, in terms of(a) socio-orientation versus concept orientation, (b) resources, and (c) power dependency? And (3) what suggestions do the parents of Mexican immigrant families have for improving family communication with their children?
The answers provided by the participants elicited thirteen key themes that provided interesting insights about this wide and critical population. The thirteen themes indicated that Mexican immigrant parents of pre adolescent children have constructed a hybrid communication pattern, which combines traditional characteristics with open and expressive characteristics. Mexican immigrant parents of young adult and adult children have developed an open and expressive communication pattern. This study also found that resources, acquired by U.S. born children, did not affect the distribution of relational power and dependency within their families nor did they create a shift in their family's communication power. A resource that did influence both relational power and the family's communication pattern was peer dependency.
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Sharpe, Leslie J. "Economic development in the Kimberley region of Western Australia: a history and dependency theory perspective." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003564/.
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[Abstract]:The focus of the research undertaken for this dissertation is the economic development of the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The period studied is, approximately, the one hundred years from 1900–2000. The region has many of the characteristics of an underdeveloped area and of a low income economy.This research used dependency theory as a framework for examining the causes of underdevelopment in the Kimberley. The development that occurred in the region during the relevant period has been catalogued by the creation of a database. This has enabled the collected information to be examined and manipulated in many ways. The database has allowed the detail of development in the Kimberley to be studied with respect to time, place and type of activity. This made it possible to examine the five hypotheses proposed by A. G. Frank which he considered likely to lead to fruitful research. The detailed study of these hypotheses would not have been possible in the way described without the database.It was found that dependency theory does help to explain and understand the development experience of the Kimberley region of Western Australia during the twentieth century. This was the clear and positive result of this study.The extension to Frank’s core dependency theory, the five hypotheses, were not found to be applicable to the Kimberley region nor supported by the data. The hypotheses, therefore, do not add to our understanding of the nature of Kimberley development during the period examined. This does not invalidate or devalue the usefulness of dependency theory in this study.
12
White, Heather Susan. "Implications of foreign trade sector reform in China, 1978-1992 : beyond neoclassical and dependency theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11134.
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Edwik, A. A. "Oil dependency, economic diversification and development a case study of Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2189/.
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The Libyan economy relies heavily on increasing oil revenues, which may deteriorate with a future oil price decline. The Libyan economy performed as well as resource poor countries over the past few decades. The oil booms of 1973 and 1979 brought unprecedented income to Libya but, despite the substantial oil revenues, much of the potential benefit of the windfall has been dissipated. Libya relies heavily on oil receipts, the price of which tends to fluctuate widely in the international market. Also, the Libyan economy is dominated by hydrocarbons and the public sector. Sizeable oil wealth has supported a decent living standard for Libya's population, and socio-economic development compares favourably with standards in other Middle Eastern and North African countries. Libya has the potential to raise oil production and revenues significantly in coming years, given its large reserve. The reliance of public finance on a single sector means that shocks threaten the economy's fiscal balance and stability. Libya has over-consumed in response to windfalls from surges in world prices. Libyan government spending has outstripped the gain in revenues. These sharp increases in government spending are difficult to reverse when the boom ends and often lead to large fiscal deficits rather than surplus. However, the main challenge for Libya is to promote growth of the non-oil sector and spur diversification of its economy. Non-hydrocarbon GDP growth has been weak and oil revenue volatility has been transmitted to non-hydrocarbon GDP. Weak non-oil GDP growth reflects both insufficient private investment and low productivity of capital importing efficiency. Productivity growth is a precondition for faster growth and greater investment effort. Strong productivity growth is also a prerequisite for competitive diversification out of hydrocarbon. Projected high oil revenue will provide the finance for growth but will not necessarily spur sustained growth in the non-oil sector. Overoptimistic predictions of future oil revenues are shown to have seriously adverse consequences, particularly if the non-oil economy adjusts to falling demand through underdevelopment and capital flight is provoked. Policy options for protecting the economy from volatility in oil revenues, without eliminating the benefits from rising prices include the formation of a stabilization fund and hedging strategies in the international markets. The stabilization fund would smooth consumption and reduce the costs associated with volatile spending. Libya needs sound economic management and to address the problems associated with oil windfalls. Market processes are required to help allocate public resources, and governments and others responsible must take account of risk and uncertainty when selecting projects, and formulating plans for development. Consequently, there is a macroeconomic need to diversify the economy to avoid the pitfalls which so often plague developing countries with vast natural resources. The decisions concerning public investment in a social economic infrastructure would be better if unconnected to the presence of hydrocarbon windfalls. To speed up non-oil growth and job creation, the oil windfalls should be used strategically, with the aim of facilitating the transition to a competitive, market-led economy. Over the long-term, the intermediation of hydrocarbon windfalls through the household and business sectors might produce superior long-term growth, but it should go in tandem with considerable strengthening of the investment climate. Enhancing the quality of Libya's human resources will also be essential to improve productivity and diversify out of oil - especially into services - and compete in the global economy. Improving the quality of governance deserves particular attention, because it underlies the development reform agenda. Libya would probably have seen a larger benefit from its windfalls had it saved a higher proportion abroad and limited domestic investment through applying market criteria more rigorously. Quite clearly, good fiscal control of periodic boom episodes enables the boom to temporarily accelerate the rate of economic development. In addition, such questions as the magnitude of the windfalls, how Libya has used them and their impact on non-oil a sector have been addressed in this research. The adoption of sound economic policies and the good management of oil windfall gains will allow Libya to continuously manage growth and become one of the greatest success stories of all developing countries.
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Karlsson, Lars. "A relatively easy task? : Hirschman's theory of trade dependency applied to the U.S.-Central American case." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economic History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88201.
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Kim, Inho, and n/a. "Press treatment of Korean chaebols 1989-1993." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060810.102157.
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This study analyses press treatment of the Korean chaebols from
1989 to 1993. A review of the scholarly literature found that the
chaebols were very powerful, but were widely disliked and distrusted by
members of the Korean public. As well as controlling many Korean
businesses, the chaebols influence the media industries through direct
and indirect control. With such influence, and their effort to improve
their image after the Seoul Olympics, the researcher expected rather
favourable images to be reported in the selected press. A total of seven
foreign and domestic newspapers and magazines were selected for the
study, which represented various ownership and readership
characteristics. Hypotheses were established on the basis of the evidence
in Chapters 1 and 2 of the power of the chaebols, and of their recent
concern to improve their public images. Quantitative content analysis
was then used to investigate significant differences in each selected
source in relation to the resource dependencies of the selected
newspapers and magazines. Each source was compared and analysed to
investigate its distinctiveness and their dependencies due to limited
resources. Also, some qualitative content analysis was incorporated to
further investigate the ways the Korean chaebols were reported.
The research found that rather unfavourable images of the
chaebols were often reported in the press, both Korean and overseas.
They were favourably described as a contributor in developing in the
Korean economy, but were unfavourably described as socially
destructive. Our results often contradicted our hypotheses. Also, some
significant difference and similarities of reports about chaebols were
found especially between the Korean and non-Korean press. The more
complex situation revealed by our results was addressed using
Turow's(1984) Resource Dependency Theory. Overall, the study
supported the more complex picture put forward by the Resource Dependency Theory rather than the somewhat simplistic view that sees
ownership as the main influence on media outlets.
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Keeney, Katherine Preston. "Encouraging the Arts through Higher Education Institutions: Arts Policy Implementation in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48122.
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This dissertation investigates the role of public higher education institutions in state-level arts policy in the state of Virginia. The strength of public support for the arts historically has been measured by per capita arts spending, as determined by appropriations to state arts agencies. However, this is a very thin measure that misses an increasingly important contributor to the arts policy landscape - higher education institutions. As direct sources of funding for the arts decline, universities increasingly are contributing to the state arts landscape with the construction and operation of performing arts centers. Framed by resource dependency theory and rational choice institutionalism, this research sheds light on the motivations of actors contributing to the arts policy field in a resource-scarce environment. Evidence suggests that public higher education institutions invest in the co-curricular arts to capitalize on and acquire resources, including image and prestige, and to fulfill their public service missions. Although higher education institution performing arts centers are contributing to the state's arts landscape, they are only informally participating in arts policy formulation and implementation. These findings have financial and decision-making implications for arts policymakers, university administrators, and arts agencies as the inclusion of public higher education institutions in the arts policy field affords new opportunities and challenges for the state encouragement of the arts.Ph. D.
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Sharman, David M. (David Maynard) 1966. "Valuing architecture for strategic purposes : comments on applying the dependency structure matrix with real options theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43617.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2002.Also issued in leaves.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 232-236).
Analysis of product and organisational architecture using dependency structure matrices to describe a series of domains, in conjunction with real options theory, assists in predicting the strategic capabilities of either existing or potential products and organisations, and likely optimal or maximal rates of change. This assists in predicting the extent to which technologically dependent organisations can realistically create and capture value from a portfolio approach as a number of technology conglomerates currently seek to do. It also goes some way towards explaining why existing organisations find it difficult to create or exploit new knowledge and thereby helps explain why many synergies remain unrealised. This suggests that strategic leadership of technology conglomerates must be by people who possess either the tacit knowledge of the financial, organisational and technical aspects of the business, or who possess explicit tools to bridge any gaps. Given that explicit financial tools are available, in the absence of unique individuals the strategic planning process needs to incorporate measures designed to a priori check that the proposed strategies will result in technical knowledge creation and organisational value capture.
by David M. Sharman.
S.M.
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Noailles, Carline. "Identification and Explanation of Regional Development Poles in Haiti." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1192.
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The concentration of the population and socioeconomic activities in the Metropolitan Area of Port au Prince (MAPAP) in Haiti has a negative impact within MAPAP and on the socioeconomic development of the entire country. This phenomenon, known as urban primacy, is increasing at an unprecedented rate in developing countries. Urban primacy in the Third World is explained by scholars studying the phenomenon and by dependency theorists. Economic decentralization, based on growth pole theory, is one of the most frequently used policies for slowing the growth of primate cities by focusing on development poles. In Haiti, the potential growth poles are the regional capitals that have a constitutional mandate to promote and manage the development of their region. I have tested some of the assumptions of dependency and growth pole theories on Haiti, using the eight regional capitals as units of analysis. Using migration, geographic, and socioeconomic data, I have identified the strongest poles and explained their attraction power and formulated policy recommendations that will increase the chances of successfully implementing economic decentralization. The research design is the case study. The data show that MAPAP overshadows the regional capitals at the national level and within the capitals' own region, except for Cap Haïtien. However, the regional capitals are the primary destinations for migrants within their regions. The strongest poles are Cap Haïtien, Gonaives, and Port de Paix. Their attraction power is explained primarily by their population size and by their connections to the international market. Due to the selection criteria of the units of analysis and the limitations of the data used, the support and rejection of the growth pole and dependency theories hypotheses are not conclusive for the testing of these theories in Haiti or the Third World. The Haitian government needs to be more aggressive in addressing the consequences of urban primacy by implementing a comprehensive economic decentralization. The January 12, 2010, earthquake brought light on the issues raised by this study. Fortunately, the Haitian government has expressed its vision for the rebuilding of Haiti with an emphasis on decentralizing socioeconomic activities outside of MAPAP.
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Thernström, Jens. "Dependency theory and China’s increased involvement on the African continent : The perception of foreign aid in Babati." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3522.
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The aim of the thesis is to discuss possible effects of an increase in African – Chinese relation above the historically more dominant Western – African dependency. There has recently both been an increase in trading between Africa and China and an increase in Chinese funded development on the African continent. But will Chinese aid over Western actually make that big a difference for Africa? African intellectuals see Chinese involvement as a way to break free from the neo-colonial ties to the West. A fair south-south relationship between Africa and China would indeed have that result but few indicators prove that that would be the case today. The trading interest from China is very similar to that from Western parties, a few valuable goods constitutes the major part of African nations export industry. A rapid growth in trading between China and Africa is not likely to bring African nations from the pattern they are historically used to having against western parties but to form a new trend of dependency towards Chinese interest. (Tull, 2006, s. 471)
To explain this relation between the African continent and both Western and Chinese interests dependency theory will be used. To fully explain dependency theory one will not only have to look at trading and exploatation of natural resources but also on a transference of social values and foreing involvment in African communities. To achieve this a series of interviews were conducted in Babati during the later parts of February and early March in 2010. This in coagency with an text analys provides a foundation for discussion about the implications Chinese aid will have on the African dependency towards Western interests.
What can be extracted from this is that Chinese aid most likely will not lift Africa out of dependency in it’s current form. Trading interests from Chinese parties are to similar to the explotiative west to make a huge difference. African natural resources are traded against low-cost mass produced units and to small of an profit is made for the African parties to make the exhange fair. But with the rise of China and the fact that China today finances a big part of the United States government a global power shift will occur and the traditional hegemoninc power structure will most likely change into an multi polar world order. This change is important to study closer to understand what the effects might be for the African continent’s depenency towards foreign interests and specially the relation between China and USA is important though they are the biggests actors today in development work on the African continent.
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Trevisan, Marcelo. "A ecologia industrial e as teorias de sistemas, institucional e da dependência de recursos a partir dos atores de um parque tecnológico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/78035.
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Simultaneamente, eleva-se o interesse pelo desenvolvimento sustentável e os inerentes desafios a ele vinculados. Por outro lado, como uma possibilidade de alcançá-lo entrou em evidência o conceito de Ecologia Industrial (EI). Sua perspectiva fundamental tem a natureza como modelo visando a integração entre os sistemas ecológico e industriais. Caracteriza-se por três escalas de atuação e a Simbiose Industrial (SI) é a mais difundida, envolvendo o intercâmbio de materiais, produtos, água, energia, resíduos, informações, experiências e conhecimentos entre organizações (POSCH, 2010; GIURCO et al., 2011). Entretanto, Deutz (2009) destaca que a EI possui questões emergentes e que necessitam de mais aprofundamentos com as ciências sociais. Em geral, suas pesquisas partem do campo técnico e encontram dificuldades de serem implementadas e aceitas porque não foram confrontadas com os sistemas sociais e de poder que envolvem as organizações. Existindo espaços para estudos que considerem aspectos como cultura, valores, elementos políticos e de poder nas relações interorganizacionais. Dedicando-se uma atenção mínima a esses aspectos reduz-se o potencial contributivo da EI. O desafio é aprofundar, ampliar e integrar as análises em uma concepção sistêmica e transdisciplinar orientada para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Resultados satisfatórios diante dessas imposições abrangem investimentos em P&D, em produtos ecoinovadores e alterações nas práticas de negócios (LOMBARDI; LAYBOURN, 2012). Assim, esta tese objetivou analisar as percepções dos atores de um parque tecnológico diante das interações da Ecologia Industrial com as convergências entre as teorias de Sistemas, Institucional e da Dependência de Recursos. A construção do referencial teórico pautado nas referidas teorias possibilitou estabelecer conexões com a EI e promover a elaboração das categorias de análise que serviram de base para a construção das proposições. A partir da abordagem qualitativa, de uma perspectiva multidisciplinar e do estudo de caso, definiu-se como objeto de estudo a Associação Parque Tecnológico de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Utilizou-se dados primários e secundários compostos por fontes como documentos, acompanhamento de reuniões e observações. Contudo, o principal instrumento de coleta foram entrevistas realizadas com 28 integrantes do parque tecnológico. Para a análise dos dados empregou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que os atores reconhecem a necessidade de ações integradas entre organizações, todavia ainda não consideram que a preservação ambiental seja um valor socialmente aceito e reconhecido com impactos significativos nos resultados empresariais que garantam a sobrevivência da organização. Em geral, as relações não são pautadas por um contexto institucional que incentiva objetivos compartilhados visando suprir recursos críticos. Decisões oriundas do hábito e a ausência de clareza sobre os pressupostos da EI dificultam a sua operacionalização. Embora seja afirmado que exista disposição para abdicar do controle de recursos para obtenção de melhores resultados coletivos, empiricamente a intenção foi pouco observada. Os atores percebem falta de discernimento quanto às responsabilidades das universidades e dos setores público e privado locais no desenvolvimento das interações.At the same time the interest in sustainable development grows, so does the interest in the challenges it brings. As a possible tool to solve these challenges came the idea of Industrial Ecology (IE), which has as its main perspective nature as a model in the integration of the ecological and industrial systems. It is characterized by scales of action and the most well know of them is Industrial Symbioses (IS), which involves the exchange of materials, products, water, energy, residue, information, experiences and knowledge among organizations (POSCH, 2010; GIURCO et al., 2011). Deutz (2009), however, notes that IE brings about new questions in need of a bigger connection with social sciences. Usually researches start in a more technical field and face difficulties to be implemented and accepted because they weren‟t confronted beforehand with the social and power systems that organizations revolve around. Opening spaces for studies that take into consideration aspects such as culture, values, organizational politics and power structures and pays attention to these details can reduce the impacts of IE. The challenge is to examine carefully, broaden and integrate this analysis in a transdisciplinary and systemic view directed towards sustainable development. Satisfactory results in face of these impositions involve investments in R&D (research and development), in eco-innovative products and changes in business practices. (LOMBARDI; LAYBOURN, 2012). Thus, this thesis aimed to analyze the perception of subjects of a technological park on the interactions of Industrial Ecology with the coming together of the Systems, Institutional and Resource Dependency theories. The theoretical reference based on the aforementioned theories made it possible to establish connections with IE and create the categories of analysis that served as a basis to the prepositions. Based on the qualitative approach, on a multidisciplinary perspective and a case study, the Associação Parque Tecnológico of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil was chosen as study subject. Primary and secondary data from documents, meeting notes and observations were used. However, the main data were interviews of 28 members of the technological park. To analyze the data the method of content analysis was used. The results showed that the subjects recognize the need for integrated actions among organizations, yet do not consider that environmental conservation is a socially accepted and well know concept with high impact on business results that can guarantee a company‟s survival. Generally, relationships are not guided by an institutional context that motivates shared goals aiming to supply critical resources. Decisions made out of habit and in the absence of clarity surrounding the purpose of IE can hinder its performance. Although it is said that there is disposition to abdicate resource control to achieve better and shared results, in practice this was rarely observed. The subjects found that universities and the private and public sector lack insight regarding their responsibilities for developing interactions.
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Hoffmann, Scott L. "Application of Resiliency Theory and Adaptive Cycles as a Framework for Evaluating Change in Amenity-Transition Communities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/57.
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In recent decades, many rural, natural resource-dependent communities have experienced ubiquitous and oftentimes substantial economic decline due to downturns in their commodity-oriented industries. In spite of this, communities with access to varying forms of natural capital have experienced an upsurge in activities such as recreation,tourism, second home growth, and retirement in-migration. If managed properly, amenity-oriented development has potential to reverse economic decline by attracting tourists, entrepreneurs, younger and more educated workers, and retirees, and may ultimately generate economic diversification, local growth, and an improved quality of life for residents. While there are literally thousands of potential measures of well-being, this study aimed to identify potential indicators of amenity-transition by examining community social and economic capital. To examine such a complex social and economic transition, these indicators were coupled with indicators from the tourism and amenity-development literature, and linked to concepts from Resiliency Theory from the ecosystem science literature, in a longitudinal study of amenity transition communities in the Pacific Northwest. Results focus on measures of social organization and economic sustainability in three study communities: McCall, ID; Leavenworth, WA; and Prineville, OR. Key informant interviews and historical documents were used to develop adaptive curves for each community, and to help evaluate the concepts and indicator variables that contribute to community resilience and adaptability. Secondary indicator data serve as a quantitative linkage between Social Capital and Resiliency Theories and the adaptive phases communities may experience throughout this transition. The results identify key historical periods for each community as residents adapt to economic and social change. Using key informant interviews coupled with secondary data provided a clearer picture of how each community has transformed and redefined itself throughout transition.
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Cetin, Nergiz, and Emmeli Boström. "Understanding Corporate Governance in the Financial Sector through Multiple -Theory : - A study of SFSA disciplinary cases towards financial organizations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179521.
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Purpose: Understand different needs for accountability and governance among financial firms,based on environmental and structural factors. Design/methodology/approach: By using disciplinary reports published by SFSA the interpretation of corporate governance regulation will be studied. Findings: The study identified important corporate governance factors which can be explained and understood by analyzing through the multiple-theory. Complex environmental aspects, such as regulations and multiple stakeholders, demands for extensive internal and external controls. However, the aspect of knowledge does not seem to be fully explained by previous studies. Originality/value: The result could be a contribution to further discussions on how regulations can develop. Moreover, the result can add empirical data to further develop the multiple-theory.
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Sinclair, Kate. "A Comparative Analysis of Socio-Legal and Psycho-Social Theories and the Construction of a Model to Explain How Law Operates and Evolves in the Dependency Court." University of Sydney. Law, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/562.
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This thesis examines data and theory about how the system of law (SL) operates and evolves: it contrasts data from social workers and attorneys working in the juvenile dependency court with theories about how individuals and social systems evolve. The analysis is based on research conducted in San Diego and revolves around a theory about human development, or the "individual as a system" (HD), and a theory about social systems, such as the autopoietic theory of law and its self-reproducing system (LA). It is suggested that together, the theories of HD+LA help to examine how professionals and law operate and evolve in the legal system. Overall, the thesis rejects the autopoietic systems theory that law reproduces itself, by itself. Instead, analysis in this study supports the finding that law is defined and operates through a dialectic of the individual and the social (or the organic and the mechanistic respectively) such that each gives rise to the other. On the basis of this system connection, aspects from systems theory about legal autopoiesis are integrated into concepts from constructive-developmental theory (HDLA), thus providing a new framework through which to examine how law and its system functions. The new framework is built around an equation that emerged some time after data analysis and theoretical development: SL=HDLA+DSA . The equation states that: The evolution of the system of law involves processes of human development and to some but a much lesser degree, the autopoietic nature of law. The extent of this evolution is best determined by analyzing data from a court setting. The dialectical relationship between individual and social influences in the evolution of law is facilitated by the accumulation of social action � such as activity from media and advocacy groups � and the individual meaning that professionals make about this action, which in turn has an influence on the formal and informal operations that they perform when operating law. The nature of these interacting dynamics will be shown through two interconnected tools of analysis: one is a typology of individual, professional and system self-concepts; the typology helps to show how a cycle of system change (human development giving rise to legal change and vice versa) occurs in the court; the other is the operative structure (or culture) of systems for law and social work in child abuse cases � which unite in court operations. These two interconnected tools help to show how the court operates and how social action (SA) for change contributes to professional and system change in the evolution of law.
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Maldonado, Fabio de Oliveira. "A ideologia da dependência na América Latina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-10122018-153433/.
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O problema da dependência na América Latina foi apontado por um esforço intelectual coletivo ainda no final da década de 1960 e durante a década de 1970. Por uma conjunção de fatores históricos, o debate foi relegado ao esquecimento e toda uma corrente teórica que fez época acabou ficando esquecida. Ao longo dos anos 1990 e, principalmente, a partir da década seguinte, as exigências históricas impulsionaram toda uma nova geração de pesquisadores a retomar o fio desse debate. Inserindo-se nesse processo, esse trabalho se propõe a retomar a Teoria da Dependência a partir de uma perspectiva que fora pouco tratada: o debate sobre a ideologia dominante na região. O trajeto proposto para estudar esse objeto consiste em debater, dentro da tradição marxista, o conteúdo do conceito de ideologia; retomar o debate sobre a dependência, a partir da caracterização do conceito e de sua periodização; para enfim, entender o seu objeto. A proposta parte do pressuposto de que a reprodução do capitalismo dependente, apresenta o desafio de compreender a particularidade da ideologia das classes dominantes que ao mesmo tempo são subordinadas no circuito capitalista internacional. A hipótese que norteia o trabalho é a de que, tal como o capitalismo dependente se reproduz de modo particular, o mesmo ocorre com a ideologia dominante nos países dependentes.The problem of dependency in Latin America was indicated by a collective intellectual effort, still in the late 1960s and during the 1970s. By a conjuction of historical factors, the debate was relegated to oblivion, and a whole theoretical chain was forgotten. Over the 1990s and, in particular, from the following decade, the historical requirements have boosted an entire new generation of researchers to take up the thread of this debate. Inserting itself in this process, this work intends to resume the Dependency Theory from a perspective that has been little treated: the debate on the dominant ideology in the region. The proposed path to study this object consists of discussing, whitin the Marxist tradition, the content of the concept of ideology; to resume the debate on dependency, from the characterization of the concept and its periodization; to finally understand its object. The proposal stars from the assumption that the reproduction of the dependent capitalism, place the challenge of understanding the particularity of the ideology of the ruling classes which at the same time are subordinated in the international capitalism circuit. The hypothesis that guides the work is that, just as dependent capitalism reproduces itself in a particular way, so does the dominant ideology in dependent countries.
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Norgren, Hanna, and Emmelie Viklund. "Board of directors in small firms : An exploratory study on small business owners in Västerbotten’sperception of the role of the board, board composition and its impact onfirm performance." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106534.
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This study examines small business owners at small firms in Västerbotten’s perception on board composition, board diversity and the role of the board together with its impact on firm performance. We were interested in knowing what kind of characteristics these firms are looking for in their board composition and explore their attitudes towards their choice ofinside or outside directors, and also the impact of homogeneity and heterogeneity in theboard. Further, we wanted to examine the general role of the board in small firms and get insight on whether the small business owners believe this had any impact on firm performance or not. The subject of board of directors can be found within the field of corporate governance, in which it has a central role. Existing literature on the subject left a gap of knowledge on board of directors in small firms, from which the opportunity of research was found. Since a vast amount of firms on the Swedish market are small firms, this subject is of significant meaning for understanding and gaining insight into how small business owners in these firms view the board of directors. To get a deeper view into the subject we explored if any differences were detectable between three different industries, and the selected industries were; IT, transportation and construction. This qualitative study was conducted by using a semi-structured interview technique. The objectives of having a qualitative study was to obtain in-depth understandings and perceptions from the participants in order to answer our research questions; What kind of characteristics are small business owners looking for when selecting new board members, what type of different resources can different types of directors bring, and what impact do small business owners believe this has on firms’ performance? The findings from this study revealed that small business owners at small firms in Västerbotten did not value and use the board in the same extent as larger firms had been found to do in other empirical studies. However, indications were found among our sample that small firms in the IT industry uses their boards in another way than other firms do. Moreover, it was of common occurrence that small firms only have one singe director on their boards both due to that they have a board solely due to legal reasons and also due to that the owners, which is also the directors in these firms, does not want to reduce their level of control over the firm. Overall, the impression from the participants’ perceptions and views were that the board was not used in the way it could be and that for many small firms the costof recruiting more directors is too high.
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Amorim, Ricardo Luiz Chagas 1969. "Teoria da dependência? = a problemática hoje." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286033.
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Orientador: Marcio PochmannTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T17:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amorim_RicardoLuizChagas_D.pdf: 2566645 bytes, checksum: e70670b6092d219e1a7fc4579460456e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A tese procura resgatar a preocupação básica dos autores da dependência, buscando formas de utilizá-la, hoje, em pesquisas aplicadas sobre temas especializados da economia brasileira. Para tanto, o trabalho está dividido em uma introdução que apresenta o problema, outros cinco capítulos que discutem o tema e uma conclusão que avalia o resultado da proposta. No primeiro capítulo, debate-se a problemática do desenvolvimento até formular-se um conceito que será utilizado em toda a tese. Já no segundo, o assunto é o debate sobre o desenvolvimento nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, porta de entrada da idéia de dependência. No terceiro capítulo está o debate em torno da problemática da dependência, suas correntes e a desmistificação de tentativa de transformá-la em teoria. O capítulo seguinte discute uma forma de servir-se dos avanços da idéia de dependência, propondo um primeiro passo para resgatá-la para aplicação em pesquisas especializadas sobre a economia brasileira. Por fim, o último capítulo faz três aplicações da proposta, a partir de informações do antigo debate, com o objetivo de testar sua viabilidade
Abstract: The thesis tries to redeem the basic concern of the authors of the dependence, seeking ways to use it, today, in applied research on specialized issues of Brazilian economy. For this, the work is divided into an introduction that presents the problem, other five chapters that discuss the theme and a conclusion that evaluates the result of the proposal. The first chapter discusses the problem of development to formulate a concept that will be used throughout the thesis. In the second, the subject is the debate on the development in the 1950s and 1960s, portal of entry for the idea of dependence. In the third chapter is the debate around the issue of dependence, their currents and the demystification of attempt to turn it in theory. The following chapter proposes a first step to use the advances of idea of dependence, redeeming her for application in specialized research on the Brazilian economy. Finally, the last chapter makes three applications of the proposed, based on the information of the old debate, with the objective of testing its viability
Doutorado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico
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Bhacker, Reda M. "Roots of domination and dependency : British reaction towards the development of Omani commerce at Muskat and Zanzibar in the nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303474.
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Appiah, Kingsley O. "Corporate governance and corporate failure : evidence from listed UK firms." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13576.
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This study is motivated by the numerous reforms to strengthen the efficacy of corporate boards and their oversight committees, in the wake of high profile corporate failures. The empirical question, however, is whether recent proposals would enhance board and their committee effectiveness and in this way, reduce the likelihood of firm`s failure. This study examines whether the composition, structure and functions of corporate boards and their interactions are related to the probability of corporate failure. Prior studies employ agency and resource dependency theories in isolation as theoretical lenses. This study, however, employs these aforementioned theories as theoretical lenses and argues that the board control and resource function affects the relationship between corporate board attributes and corporate failure. This study examines a sample of 358 UK listed firms, consisting of 95 failed firms and 263 non-failed firms during the period 1999-2011. This study also uses a unique hand-collected data set that measures the corporate governance attributes and functions of these 358 firms over a period of five years preceding failure or otherwise, resulting in 1748 firm-years observations. This study reveals that the probability of failure is lower in firms with large board size, former government officials, independent remuneration committee chairman and greater proportion of outside directors as well as effective audit and remuneration committees. This study also finds that the prospect of corporate failure is higher in firms with less than three independent NEDs on both the audit and nomination committees, without audit committee and where audit committee has no one with financial expertise. The results, however, suggest that the possibility of corporate failure is higher in firms whose boards have a female director and where the nomination committee meets often or where its membership is exclusively preserved for independent NEDs. On the interaction effects, the results show that frequency of board meetings as well as its interactions with presence of female directors, audit and remuneration committees effectiveness are positively related to the probability of corporate failure. The results also indicate that a number of interactions between corporate board attributes and functions are unrelated to the likelihood of corporate failure. These include the interactions between board composition measures (i.e. proportion of outside directors, presence of female directors and board size) and the board resource proxy (i.e. former government official). These associations, especially remuneration committee effectiveness, remuneration committee chairman independence, firm size and profitability, are not only statistically and economically significant but also robust to different specifications. Further, the Receiver Operating Curves indicate that the impact of corporate governance measures after controlling for firm size, liquidity, profitability, age, industry effects, and leverage is more profound in two years preceding failure. The implication of this is that corporate governance mechanisms alone are insufficient to rescue the firm on the verge of collapse. The findings are consistent with the idea that failing firms decline in size, managerial performance, corporate board attributes as well as their board`s ability to discharge it`s monitoring and resource roles. This study adds to the debate on the impact of corporate governance on corporate failure by developing, analysing and testing a robust UK corporate failure prediction model which is underpinned by a multi-theoretical framework: agency and resource dependency theories. This study also offers several recommendations for policy makers and firm-level corporate governance strategies in the mix of the numerous corporate governance reforms worldwide, this in particular makes this study unique.
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Johnsson, Victoria. "Shirts, Skirts and Financial Performance : A study of the business case for gender diversity in Swedish and Danish corporation boards." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-34766.
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Problem: Companies need to maintain a competitive position in the market to financially perform, and in order to do so, the companies need to have a good corporate governance structure. In the latter years, the ethical discussion about gender diversity has gained a lot of attention in society, which influence norms, standards and legislations, and also the business. Today, Swedish and Danish firms are obligated to strive for gender diversity in their corporate boards according to the corporate governance codes in the respective countries. However, the financial aspects should be taken into concern, since a company needs to financially perform to keep its operations. It is not established whether an increased gender diversity is related to financial performance, since studies on the field are contradictive. Due to the different results, it is interesting to see what the relationship looks like in the Nordic countries, especially in Sweden and Denmark where quota-based legislation has not yet been established. This thesis investigates the issue to provide evidence for the companies in similar countries if an increased gender diversity is financially supportable. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the gender diversity in the board of directors and its relationship with the financial performance of a corporation. Further, the study will investigate the financial performance dependency on the gender diversity in the board of directors. Method: A sample of 104 Swedish and Danish companies was chosen as observation objects. To investigate the relationship between the gender diversity and the financial performance, a Pearson correlation analysis was made. To identify the financial performance dependency on the gender diversity regression analyses were performed. Hypotheses that were built on agency theory, resource dependency theory, upper echelons theory and previous research were tested in the statistical analyses. Results: The statistical analyses show that there is no statistically significant relationship between gender diversity and financial performance, neither that the financial performance is dependent on the gender diversity. This evidence implies that increased gender diversity in board rooms should be motivated for other reasons than strictly financial success. Companies should consider these findings in the attaining process of directors and focus on other factors than financial progress in the proceeding involvement of women in the board. Thus, a company cannot increase its financial performance only by attaining more women to the board room.Problem: För att prestera finansiellt behöver företag bibehålla konkurrenskraft, och för att göra det är företagsledningen viktig. På senare tid, har den etiska diskussionen kring könsdiversitet fått stor uppmärksamhet i samhället, vilket påverkar normer, standarder och lagstiftning. Svenska och danska företag är förpliktigade att sträva efter könsdiversitet enligt den svenska och danska koden för bolagsstyrning, men även de finansiella aspekterna av könsmångfald bör tas i beaktning eftersom ett företag behöver prestera finansiellt för att kunna fortsätta sin verksamhet. Ännu är det inte fastslaget att en ökad könsdiversitet är relaterat till finansiella framsteg, då studier på området säger emot varandra. Därför är det intressant att se hur denna relation ser ut i de nordiska länderna, speciellt i Sverige och Danmark där kvoteringslagar ännu inte har införts. Denna uppsats undersöker frågan för att skapa bevis för företagen i länderna om en ökad könsdiversitet är finansiellt försvarbar. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka könsdiversitet i bolagsstyrelser och relationen till finansiella prestationer av företaget i fråga. Dessutom ämnar studien undersöka de finansiella prestationernas beroendeförhållande till könsdiversiteten i bolagsstyrelserna. Metod: Ett urval av 104 svenska och danska företag valdes som observationsobjekt. För att undersöka relationen mellan könsdiversitet och finansiella prestationer görs en Pearson korrelationsanalys. För att upptäcka om finansiella prestationer är har ett beroendeförhållande till könsdiversiteten i bolagsstyrelserna gjordes regressionsanalyser. Hypoteserna som testades baserades på agentteori, resursberoendeteori, och övernivåteori och tidigare empirisk forskning. Resultat: De statistiska analyserna visar att det inte finns något signifikant samband mellan könsdiversitet och finansiella prestationer, och inte heller att finansiell prestation har ett beroendeförhållande till könsdiversitet i bolagsstyrelsen. Dessa resultat indikerar att en ökad könsdiversitet i styrelserummen bör motiveras av andra faktorer än strikt finansiell framgång. Företag bör ta ställning till resultaten från denna forskning i tillsättandet av styrelseledamöter och inte förvänta sig en förbättrad finansiell ställning enbart genom att tillsätta fler kvinnor till styrelsen.
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Persson, Maria. "The charity organization and the thief: Understanding structures disabling public development in Sierra Leone." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22799.
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Recent Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) reforms promoting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) carried out by the Sierra Leonean government has attracted foreign investors into its extractive industry. Access to natural minerals in the country has been ensured through land leases, and the government of Sierra Leone has obtained the opportunity to accumulate revenues through participation on the global market. However, despite increasing state revenues the country remains underdeveloped and unindustrialized, and faces great challenges in promoting public development within state borders. This study aims at illuminating structures of the global economic system and domestic social fabric which may hinder public development in Sierra Leone. Such structures have be illuminated through the application of a qualitative approach including field work, participating observations and open-ended interviews in Kalansogoia chiefdom during May and June 2013. The findings of this study suggest that the international structure of dependency, and domestic formal; informal; informal institutions; and social networks structures hinder public development within Sierra Leone.
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Olofsson, Ida, and Mikaela Larsson. "Female board members and company performance : Do companies with female directors perform better than companies without females on their boards? Evidence from Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36578.
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Background: Females are underrepresented in Swedish boards, and in 2016 females represented 29 % of all board members. Many researchers have studied the relationship between the gender composition of company boards and company performance, but they have not managed to reach consensus in explaining the relationship. Pure shareholder theory suggests that the company philosophy is to focus on profitability and shareholder maximization. If the gender distribution in the board affects the performance of the company, some companies may underperform because of their board composition. If so, this is an issue that should be solved according to the shareholder theory and some adjustments to the composition should be done. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not companies with female directors on their boards perform better than companies without female directors on their boards. The target group of the study is Swedish listed companies with a statutory domicile in Sweden. Method: For conducting this research, data for a period of three years (2013-2015) are collected from a sample of 94 Swedish listed companies. The performance measurements investigated are the ratios; ROE, profit margin, ROCE, EBIT margin and EPS. As for control variables, the board size and company size are used. An independent samples t-test is conducted, as well as a correlation matrix analysis and a regression analysis, to fulfil the purpose of this study. Conclusion: The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between female representation in the boardroom and the ratio EBIT margin. However, the correlation strength is so weak that it is not fair to draw the conclusion that female representation has a positive effect on the financial performance of the companies. Also, the regression analysis shows no relationship between the two variables. However, this study contributes by showing that there is no negative correlation between the presence of females on boards and the financial performance of the companies.
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Patuwo, Butje Eddy. "The effect of the dependency in the Markov renewal arrival process on the various performance measures of an exponential server queue." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54258.
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The thesis of this paper is to investigate how the dependency in the arrival process affects the queueing performance measures. The Markov renewal arrival process (MRAP) was chosen as the arrival process. This choice was made because many of the typical arrival processes can be obtained as special cases of the MRAP. But the main reason behind this choice is that the interarrival times of the MRAP are dependent. We assume that the queue is a single server queue with exponential service time and the investigation was carried out numerically because no analytical solution was available.
There are 5 parameters of the arrival process used in this investigation: the traffic intensity (ρ), the squared coefficient of variation (scν), the serial correlation defined by the lag-1 correlation (corr) plus the rate ξ and the coefficient of skewness (𝛾). Here are the performance measures of the MR/M/1 queue we investigate: the expected queue length at arbitrary times (L𝓽), the standard deviation (σ) of the queue length at arbitrary times and the caudal characteristic η. The other performance measures such as: the expected queue length at arrival time, the waiting time, the sojourn time, etc. can be easily obtained from L𝓽. We compare these performance measures against those of the corresponding GI/M/1 queue.
When the lag-1 correlation of the arrival process is negative (this means that the lags of the serial correlation alternate in signs), the Lt of the MR/M/1 queue is smaller (but not by much) than the L𝓽 of the GI/M/1 queue. Therefore, we focus our attention to the MR/M/1 queue with positive serial correlation. The results are presented using graphs.
We find that the coefficient of skewness of the arrival process (𝛾) plays an important role. The L𝓽 curve decreases rapidly as 𝛾 increases and after certain values of 𝛾 called the turning region, the L𝓽 curves Hatten. This important observation indicates that to the left of the turning region, the L𝓽 is almost insensitive to the dependency in the arrival process. However, to the right of the turning region, the L𝓽 is sensitive to the positive serial correlation in the arrival process. Highly correlated arrival process (large corr and ξ) can cause the L𝓽 to be significantly larger than the L𝓽 for the uncorrelated queue.
For the MR/M/1 queue, the magnitude of the standard deviation σ is larger than the corresponding L𝓽. However, the shapes of the σ curves are similar to those of the L𝓽 curves. So, all of the conclusions drawn for the L𝓽 also apply to the standard deviation σ.
For the M/M/1 queue, the caudal characteristic η equals to the traffic intensity ρ (η=ρ). For the uncorrelated Gl/M/1 queue, one would expect that when scν<1.0, η<ρ (i.e., the queue would behave like a H/M/1 queue) and when scν>1.0, η>ρ (i.e., the queue would behave like a H/M/1 queue). Our results indicates that this is not necessarily true. We found again that the coefficient of skewness (𝛾) plays an important role. For the uncorrelated GI/M/1 queue with scν>1.0, η can be smaller than ρ when 𝛾 is large enough. For the correlated MR/M/1 queue, even for scν<1.0, a low 𝛾 value combined with the positive serial correlation can cause η to be larger than ρ. On the other hand, scν>1.0 does not necessarily results in η>ρ. A large value of 𝛾 can cause η to be smaller than ρ, even for the queue with highly correlated interarrival times.Ph. D.
33
Moon, Paul. "The application of modernisation theory to phases in Maori development since 1800 a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Maori Development, at Te Ara Poutama, Faculty of Maori Development, Auckland University of Technology, 2004 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
Find full text
34
Droll, Steven Edward. "Resource Dependency Theory and the Inclusion of Foreign Nationals on the Board of Directors of Publicly Traded Chilean Companies| A Multi-case Study." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3561351.
Full textAbstract:
European and US companies, who desire to expand from a domestic-oriented focus to a more international mind-set, must undergo significant organizational transformation. Whether the transformation results in the company becoming internationally oriented, a complete transnational organization or anywhere in-between, one of the key components in the transformation process is developing a strategy that is outwardly focused from its natural domestic markets. To develop and execute said strategy, the utilization of human capital resources might be required that the company itself may not possess. Literature review has supported the concept that when European or US companies incorporate foreign nationals on the Board of Directors (BOD), the development and execution of international expansion strategies will increase the probability of reaching their respective strategic objectives. However, literature research is silent as to whether the inclusion of foreign nationals on the BOD of South American companies would result in the comparable results as experienced by European and US companies. This research study will begin to explore if a broader set of theoretical concepts could be applied to publicly traded Chilean companies and through future studies to publicly traded South American domiciled companies. Through an engaged scholarship approach, Resource Dependency Theory will be utilized as the lens through which to present the theoretical and practical applications for the BOD of publicly traded Chilean-domiciled companies to consider when developing international expansion strategies outside of Chile.
35
Powell, Martin. "The use of an adapted version of the Dependency Grid to investigate social support for young people in care." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-use-of-an-adapted-version-of-the-dependency-grid-to-investigate-social-support-for-young-people-in-care(cc544ce1-3f0a-45d5-b040-64479fd372dd).html.
Full textAbstract:
Social support is strongly associated with resilience and positive outcomes in children who have experienced risk and adversity, including children and young people in care. However, research suggests that children in care are often disadvantaged in their ability to benefit from social support due to disrupted relationships and multiple placements. Whilst a number of measures have been developed to assess the support networks of children, few are able to adequately assess and describe the complex network of relationships that exist for young people in care.The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the use of a Dependency Grid to assess social support in young people who are looked after. The Dependency Grid is an interview technique derived from George Kelly’s (1955) Theory of Personal Constructs and was administered to ten individuals aged 11-17 years who were either in foster care or residential care. Qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis were used to explore its utility to assess social support with each case. The appropriateness and ease of completing the Dependency Grid was evaluated through participant feedback interviews. The views and opinions of the young people’s social workers and a reference group consisting of social care practitioners were also obtained.The Dependency Grid was found to be a useful tool for examining the support networks of young people in care, with many advantages over existing measures. The Dependency Grid revealed similarities and differences in the way participants distributed their dependencies. Most of the participants had dispersed dependency grids and carers and friends were the most significant providers of support. Levels of social support did not vary with the increasing size of the support network (r = 0.198) and the felt ‘closeness’ of relationships, as measured using the Four Field Map, was poorly related to the allocation of dependencies (r = -0.243). Some evidence was found in relation to the validity of the Dependency Grid for individual cases using qualitative methods. The strengths and limitations of the Dependency Grid are discussed and the methodological challenges with the study and opportunities for further research are considered.
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Franklin, Rodrigo Straessli Pinto. "Teoria da dependência : categorias para uma análise do mercado mundial." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132928.
Full textAbstract:
A presente tese tem por objetivo contribuir para a construção de uma estrutura metodológica dentro do paradigma marxista para a análise das relações econômicas de dependência no mercado mundial. Para tanto, iniciamos com uma revisão da literatura atual sobre o assunto, buscando desde as indicações de Karl Marx sobre sua visão quanto ao papel do mercado mundial no desenvolvimento do capitalismo e vice-versa, passando pela teoria do imperialismo de Rudolf Hilferding e Vladmir Lênin, e alcançando o debate sobre a dependência, que foi estudado em dois momentos: o debate clássico, que compreendeu pensadores como Theotonio dos Santos, Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Ruy Mauro Marini; o debate atual, no qual destacamos a participação de autores como Jaime Osorio. Por fim, apresentamos uma proposta para a aplicação da categoria “dependência” compreendendo-a como a síntese de três relações que se desenvolvem entre diferentes regiões do mercado mundial: a apropriação de mais-valor; a subordinação; e a vinculação.This thesis aims to contribute to the construction of a methodological framework within the Marxist paradigm capable of analyses the economic relations of dependency in the world market. Therefore, we started with a review of the current literature on this subject, starting from the evidences of Karl Marx on the way he understood the role of world market in the development of capitalism and vice versa, passing through the theory of Imperialism of Rudolf Hilferding and Vladimir Lenin, and reaching the debate on Dependency, which we studied in two phases: the classic debate, which included authors such as Theotonio dos Santos, Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Ruy Mauro Marini; the current debate, in which we emphasize the contributions of authors like Jaime Osorio. Finally, we presented a use proposal of the "Dependency" category, understood as the synthesis of three distinct relations between different regions of the world market: surplus value appropriation; subordination; and linking.
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Dunert, Sofie, and Patrik Westerling. "Outsourcing and Sustained Competitive Advantage : How do Swedish technical production firms in a competitive environment and high technical uncertainty find the right balance between outsourcing and in-house development that enhances their sustainable competitive advantage when they outsource their Research & Development externally?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5299.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to find out when Research and Development (R&D) becomes a suitable attribute for a production company to outsource. In an environment where innovations are following up quickly up and uncertainty about the type of innovation and customer is a fact, external sourcing can bring a competitive advantage. The empirical evidence shows that when R&D is outsourced the total cost does not increase at a due cause of outsourcing in this given study.
Although a lot of theory explains outsourcing as a cost increasing factor, the internal experience and frequent relation between the technical production company Beta and its R&D vendor company Alfa can decrease costs considerably due to lower communication and governance costs. This was not explicitly expressed in related theory and is therefore a contribution to the academia as well as for managers who seek to find an answer to the question of when to outsource and when not to outsource.
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Pereira, Lilian Prado. "Transferência de valor e dependência: Brasil e Argentina (2000-2015)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-19092018-154120/.
Full textAbstract:
Partimos do pressuposto de que a transferência de valor dos países dependentes para os países centrais é a característica estrutural da situação de dependência e o que impede o desenvolvimento dos países dependentes. Entendemos que a condição de dependência dos países periféricos se adaptou às novas conformações econômicas do mercado mundial e como consequência novas formas de transferência de valor surgiram. A pesquisa se restringiu à análise de dois países latino americanos, Brasil e Argentina, que foram escolhidos por serem as maiores economias do Mercosul e por suas similaridades políticas e econômicas como países dependentes e ao período de 2000 a 2015. O trabalho está dividido em duas partes, sendo que na primeira buscamos apontar dentro do pensamento social latinoamericano o lugar da teoria marxista da dependência e mostrar como a transferência de valores é a sua característica estrutural e na segunda buscamos classificar e analisar essa situação utilizando indicadores macroeconômicos que demonstram as transferências de valor por meio de três agentes: (a) o mercado, (b) o governo e (c) capitalistas privados. Chegamos à conclusão de que, apesar de serem países de renda mais elevada (renda média superior), Brasil e Argentina se comportam como países de renda menor (renda média inferior e até renda baixa) no que se refere às transferências de valor, o que demonstra que são mais vulneráveis e transferem mais valor para os países centrais do que outros países na mesma faixa de renda, ou seja, são países dependentes.We start this study from the assumption that the transfer of value from the dependent countries to the central ones is the structural characteristic of dependency and what prevents the development of the dependent countries. We understand that the dependency condition of peripheral countries has adapted to the new economic conformations of the world market and, as a consequence, new forms of value transfer have arisen. The research was restricted to the analysis of two Latin American countries, Brazil and Argentina, which were chosen for being the largest economies of MERCOSUR and their political and economic similarities as dependent countries. The analisys is also restrictesd to the period from 2000 to 2015. In the first part of the work we seek to identify within Latin American Social Thought the place of Marxist Theory of Dependence and to show how the transfer of values is its structural characteristic of the dependent countries, and in the second part we seek to classify and analyze this situation using macroeconomic indicators that demonstrate the transfers of value through three agents: (a) the market, (b) the government and (c) private capitalists. We conclude that, despite being higher income countries (upper middle income), Brazil and Argentina behave as lower income countries (lower middle income and even lower income) in terms of transfers of value, which Shows that they are more vulnerable and transfer more value to the central countries than other countries with the same income, so we can say they are dependent countries.
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Pearlstein, John Samuel. "POWER AND THE ALLOCATION OF EQUITY AND CONTROL IN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS: A RESOURCE-DEPENDENCY APPROACH TO SIGNALING AND UNDERPRICING." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/18439.
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Business AdministrationPh.D.
The implication that first day returns of initial public offerings are a consequence of the imbalance of power between issuer and underwriter has been suggested more than it has been tested. An important tool in such an analysis has been missing. Using a resource contribution approach to bargaining power, measures of underwriter and issuer power are created. Significant results with both measures show that consistent with theory, underwriter power is positively associated with underpricing, while issuer power's association is negative. The underwriter power measure compares favorably in this study to Carter-Manaster's prestige measure. The theory presented also suggests that issuers and underwriters engage in a short-term cooperative agreement to bring critical resources to issuers to enhance their initial public offering. Contributed resources form the basis for each firms bargaining power which is strongest when setting the initial file price. Results show the importance of resource power on the distribution of proceeds and how power changes during the registration process. Finally this theory expands signaling theory and suggests that issuers under the influence and direction of their underwriter make pre-IPO organizational changes to send signals of quality to preemptively address investor's concerns. These pre-IPO gambits are intended to increase IPO proceeds, but come at a price. Theories of power are used to create a measure of the relative strength of these actors and find that making TMT changes significantly decreases underpricing. Although underwriter power is significantly associated with change, relative power does not reduce the amount of change signaled.
Temple University--Theses
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Parenti, Stephanie. "Neocolonialism construction and solutions." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/491.
Full textAbstract:
Many nation-states have their potential for growth hindered by the involvement of developed nations. These low-income nation-states are primarily located on the continent of Africa. There are three parts to this phenomenon of neocolonialism which is the process of continuing involvement of developed nations in developing nations that creates a negative growth in those nations. The research I've conducted is in three parts. The first consists of analyzing the social construction of neocolonialism, how the phenomenon occurs, and where it stems from. The second part is to show how this involvement is damaging to the developing nations. I will use examples such as the multinational corporation profit recycling, the life of foreign aid, and unwise economic deals. As it turns out the phenomena brings on the hindrance of developing in the low-income nation. The last part of my research is to come up with an economic improvement plan. For instance, rather than country A trading money (or some monetary value) for a resource in country B, "A" would build a school, hospital, or infrastructure in "B" to improve the conditions in the low-income nation. It is hypothesized that will leave room for growth in both nations without creating harmful economic repercussions because money would be taken out of the equation.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Amaral, Marisa Silva. "Teorias do imperialismo e da dependência: a atualização necessária ante a financeirização do capitalismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12140/tde-09102012-174024/.
Full textAbstract:
Três eixos de discussão são propostos neste trabalho. O primeiro é o de que, especialmente a partir dos anos 1970-1980, dado o ganho de hegemonia da estratégia neoliberal de desenvolvimento, o capitalismo teria ingressado numa nova fase. Entre todas as teorias desenvolvidas a fim de defender esta proposta, destacam-se aquelas que dão especial atenção ao aspecto financeiro das transformações recentes na dinâmica capitalista, enfatizando a importância histórica assumida pela valorização fictícia do capital neste período. Daí emerge o segundo eixo, com a compreensão de que tal desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista - no sentido de processualidade e não de avanço - leva a uma redefinição/ampliação daqueles que seriam os traços essenciais do imperialismo contemporâneo, constituindo-se, por isso, uma nova fase do imperialismo. Neste sentido, estaríamos ainda sob as bases de um imperialismo capitalista, embora o \"imperialismo contemporâneo\" deva ser entendido como uma complexificação do \"imperialismo clássico\". Dito isto, insurge o terceiro eixo de discussão: entendendo a teoria da dependência como um complemento necessário às teses do imperialismo, se temos uma nova fase do capitalismo e uma nova fase do imperialismo, temos também, necessariamente, uma nova fase da dependência. A presente proposta de pesquisa tem como objeto, portanto, uma tentativa de perceber como a dependência, assumida na perspectiva da teoria marxista da dependência, se estabelece nos marcos dessa nova fase ou no interior da lógica de valorização capitalista atual.Three axes of discussion are proposed in this paper. The first is that, especially from the years 1970-1980, considering the gain of hegemony of the neoliberal strategy of development, capitalism is undergoing substantial changes in its form of organization and operation and, therefore, would have entered in a new phase. Among all the theories developed in order to defend this proposal, we highlight those that give special attention to the financial aspect of the recent transformations in capitalist dynamics, emphasizing the historical importance assumed by fictitious valuation of capital in this period. Thus emerges the second axis, with the understanding that such development of the capitalist system - in the sense of process, not improvement - leads to a redefinition/expansion of those that would be the essential features of contemporary imperialism, constituting therefore a new phase of imperialism. In this sense, we are still under the foundations of a capitalist imperialism, even though the \"contemporary imperialism\" should be understood as a complexification of \"classical imperialism\". That said it arises the third point: understanding the Dependency Theory as a necessary complement to the theories of imperialism, if we have a new phase of capitalism and a new phase of imperialism, it seems fair to say that we have also, necessarily, a new phase of dependence. The proposed research aims, therefore, an attempt to understand how the dependence, assumed by the standpoint of Marxist Dependence Theory, is established within the framework of this new phase or within the current capitalist logic of valorization.
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Dirring, John William. "The organization and practice of banking in Cornwall, 1771-1922 : motivations and objectives of Cornish bankers." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21368.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this study is the period of independent banking in Cornwall, from the formation of the Miners’ Bank in Truro in 1771 to the absorption of Dingley’s Launceston Bank by the National Provincial in 1922. Undertaken within the perspectives of the `New’ Cornish Studies, it aims to provide an assessment of the objectives, strategies, and operational decision-making of banking institutions in Cornwall. A comprehensive analytical narrative of their development forms the core of the study, building on the existing literature and augmented from a range of fragmentary primary and secondary sources, much of it from family archival papers. The nature of this material, and the general lack of quantitative financial data relating to individual institutions, has made a qualitative sociological approach the most appropriate. With the careers of individual bankers predominant, the narrative is also strongly biographical in content and emphasis. An analytical technique based on thick description has been used to enlarge upon the possibilities contained in the often meagre evidence. Both the historical narrative and the subsequent theoretical analysis are conducted from a standpoint situated within a Cornish bank; established in Geertzian fashion from the author’s own long commercial experience in a traditionally-minded business. This experience is aligned with that of contemporaneous writers on nineteenth-century banking practice. In similar manner, a theoretical standpoint within the contemporaneous sociological thought of Tönnies and Weber has been adopted, as being the most appropriate to the consideration of the forms of organization under investigation. From this standpoint, the analysis is projected forwards into the growing corporatism and branch expansion of the amalgamation era. This is undertaken through a game-theoretic evolutionary assessment of decision processes; and a consideration of the roles of path creation and path dependency in institutional development.
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Bennett, Michael, and n/a. "For a labourer worthy of his hire : Aboriginal economic responses to colonisation in the Shoalhaven and Illawarra, 1770-1900." University of Canberra. School of Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050331.134721.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a narrative of Aboriginal economic responses in the 19th century to
the colonisation of the Shoalhaven and Illawarra regions of New South Wales. It
explores the competing claims of articulation theory and dependency theory about the
intersection of colonial and indigenous economies. Dependency theory claims that
settlers destroy the indigenous mode of production to permit the expansion of their own
economic system. They exploit indigenous labour which then becomes dependent on
capitalist sources of subsistence. Articulation theory, as modified by Layton (2001) to
recognise the bi-directional nature of contact, posits that the rate of capitalist penetration
into indigenous economies is variable and that the non-capitalist mode of production may
be preserved to create a self-supporting source of labour. The contrasting theories are
assessed in this thesis by determining the contribution different strategies made to
Aboriginal subsistence. Historical evidence is used to assess each strategy. The main
source of information is from Alexander Berry's Shoalhaven estate, where Aboriginal
people lived from settlement in 1822 until they were moved to a reserve in the early
1900s. The analysis suggests that contrary to previous research, Aboriginal people
gained the majority of their subsistence from fishing, hunting and gathering until 1860.
Strategies that depended on the colonial economy such as farm work, trading, living with
settlers and stealing made only minor contributions to Aboriginal subsistence. After
1860, European land use intensified and Aboriginal people were further alienated from
the land. The contribution of hunting and gathering contracted as a result. Dependency
on government assistance increased, particularly after the foundation of the Aborigines
Protection Board in 1882. Fishing remained an important source of food and cash.
Maritime resources were not commercially exploited to a significant extent until the
closing years of the 19th century when Aboriginal people were provided with boats and
nets to assist their efforts. The historical evidence demonstrates that articulation theory
offers a more realistic approach than does dependency theory when analysing the
intersection of colonial and indigenous economies. This is because articulation theory
can predict variable outcomes. The variable outcome suggested by the Shoalhaven and
Illawarra data are that hunting, gathering and fishing economies have the resilience to
withstand the colonial encounter if sufficient resources are made available.
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Droll, Steven E. "Resource Dependency Theory and the Inclusion of Foreign Nationals on the Board of Directors of Publicly Traded Chilean Companies: A Multi-case Study." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/bus_admin_diss/21.
Full textAbstract:
European and US companies, who desire to expand from a domestic-oriented focus to a more international mind-set, must undergo significant organizational transformation. Whether the transformation results in the company becoming internationally oriented, a complete transnational organization or anywhere in-between, one of the key components in the transformation process is developing a strategy that is outwardly focused from its natural domestic markets. To develop and execute said strategy, the utilization of human capital resources might be required that the company itself may not possess. Literature review has supported the concept that when European or US companies incorporate foreign nationals on the Board of Directors (BOD), the development and execution of international expansion strategies will increase the probability of reaching their respective strategic objectives. However, literature research is silent as to whether the inclusion of foreign nationals on the BOD of South American companies would result in the comparable results as experienced by European and US companies. This research study will begin to explore if a broader set of theoretical concepts could be applied to publicly traded Chilean companies and through future studies to publicly traded South American domiciled companies. Through an engaged scholarship approach, Resource Dependency Theory will be utilized as the lens through which to present the theoretical and practical applications for the BOD of publicly traded Chilean-domiciled companies to consider when developing international expansion strategies outside of Chile.
45
Hewawasam, Kottigoda K. Rohitha G. "Model Based Learning and Reasoning from Partially Observed Data." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/112.
Full textAbstract:
Management of data imprecision has become increasingly important, especially with the advance of technology enabling applications to collect and store huge amount data from multiple sources. Data collected in such applications involve a large number of variables and various types of data imperfections. These data, when used in knowledge discovery applications, require the following: 1) computationally efficient algorithms that works faster with limited resources, 2) an effective methodology for modeling data imperfections and 3) procedures for enabling knowledge discovery and quantifying and propagating partial or incomplete knowledge throughout the decision-making process. Bayesian Networks (BNs) provide a convenient framework for modeling these applications probabilistically enabling a compact representation of the joint probability distribution involving large numbers of variables. BNs also form the foundation for a number of computationally efficient algorithms for making inferences. The underlying probabilistic approach however is not sufficiently capable of handling the wider range of data imperfections that may appear in many new applications (e.g., medical data). Dempster-Shafer theory on the other hand provides a strong framework for modeling a broader range of data imperfections. However, it must overcome the challenge of a potentially enormous computational burden. In this dissertation, we introduce the joint Dirichlet BoE, a certain mass assignment in the DS theoretic framework, that simplifies the computational complexity while enabling one to model many common types of data imperfections. We first use this Dirichlet BoE model to enhance the performance of the EM algorithm used in learning BN parameters from data with missing values. To form a framework of reasoning with the Dirichlet BoE, the DS theoretic notions of conditionals, independence and conditional independence are revisited. These notions are then used to develop the DS-BN, a BN-like graphical model in the DS theoretic framework, that enables a compact representation of the joint Dirichlet BoE. We also show how one may use the DS-BN in different types of reasoning tasks. A local message passing scheme is developed for efficient propagation of evidence in the DS-BN. We also extend the use of the joint Dirichlet BoE to Markov models and hidden Markov models to address the uncertainty arising due to inadequate training data. Finally, we present the results of various experiments carried out on synthetically generated data sets as well as data sets from medical applications.
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Coy, Helen S. "The Use of Performance Measurement Data in Nonprofit Organizational Sustainability." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5315.
Full textAbstract:
In the United States, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) face a precarious future because of their heavy reliance on the financial support of government funding, other donor agencies, and philanthropic foundation resources. The purpose of this study is to understand how and to what extent leadership of NPOs can benefit from using funder-required performance data to improve organizational sustainability. Using Pfeffer and Salincik's resource dependency theory to explain organizational sustainability, this qualitative multiple case study of 10 NPOs in a northeastern U.S. state includes 14 interviews with NPO leadership, a document review of NPO 990 tax filings, annual performance reports, and board meeting minutes. All data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Key findings indicated 6 overarching themes associated with NPO sustainability and funder-required performance measures that impact program sustainability but are mainly used for compliance: (a) NPO adoption and use of performance measures; (b) data collection and evaluation for external compliance; (c) information pertaining to financial, operational, and administrative decision making; (d) NPO leadership decisions regarding internal constructs, operations, and management; (e) resource dependency; and (f) sustainability practices. The implications for positive social change include strategies for NPO leaders to use to ensure survival, continuous community impact, and awareness for policymakers regarding legislative and regulatory developments that may inadvertently harm NPOs.
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Tettey, Christian. "URBANIZATION IN AFRICA IN RELATION TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A MULTIFACETED QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1124911124.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Urban Studies and Public Affairs, 2005."August, 2005." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 01/14/2006) Advisor, Ashok K. Dutt; Committee members, Peter Leahy, Nancy Grant, Lathardus Goggins, Helen Liggett, Carolyn Behrman; Department Chair, Raymond Cox; Dean of the College, Charles B. Monroe; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Slusser, Suzanne R. "Gender Empowerment and Gender Inequality, the Global Economy and the State: Exploring the Relationship Between Economic Dependency, the Political Order, and Women’s Status." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1240510508.
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Montgomery, Grace. "A study of the extent to which Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) work cooperatively with religious institutions to promote social and economic development in postcolonial countries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418079.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis discusses the extent to which non-governmental organisations (NGOs) operating in postcolonial countries work with religious institutions to promote social and economic development. Through postcolonial theory, and by using a qualitative approach combined with a critical methodology, this thesis will examine the relationship between particular NGOs and religion in the countries in which they operate. More precisely, this thesis will consider whether it is helpful, or a hindrance to development if NGOs work cooperatively with religious leaders and institutions.
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Munns, Christopher. "Why Use Facebook? A Uses & Gratifications Study of Generation X in the UK." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22261.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the use of the social networking site, Facebook, by the GenerationX cohort (those born 1966-1980 inclusive) currently living in the United Kingdom(identified as a somewhat under-studied group to date). Utilising a ‘Uses &Gratifications Theory’ and ‘(Media) Dependency Theory’ approach and the quantitativeempirical data collection method of an extensive online ‘self-fill’ questionnaire, a totalof 233 individuals from this cohort voluntarily provided the sought-after information,with data collected during early September 2018. An expanded version of Denis McQuail, Jay G. Blumler and J.R. Brown’s 1972 mediagratifications groups/descriptors is proposed and used for this paper’s analysis of results(see section 6.2.4) while a new single media term,‘online collaborative network’, isrecommended by the author as an alternative to current myriad of ‘social media’,‘social networking [site]’ and ‘collaborative media’ all used for the likes of Facebook(see section 9.2.2). Key project results suggest that the UK Generation X cohort spend an average of 75minutes per day using Facebook; that the most-utilised access method is via a mobilephone (89.7%); that the top two ‘uses’ of the social network are both passive ones(‘Scrolling through the homepage News Feed’ and ‘Spending time viewingPhotos/Videos uploaded by others’) and that the top three gratifications obtained fromFacebook use are ‘Contact with Friends’, ‘Contact with Family’ and (to) ‘Pass Time’. Additionally, results provide an interesting and potentially shocking overview ofexclusive dependency upon Facebook for the satisfaction of particular media needs,including the maintenance of contact with certain friends (87.6%) and certain familymembers (61.4%) and, worryingly, as an only source of news (15%).