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1

Gardner, Deborah. "Individual differences in interpersonal dependency in older adults: Development of a measure and its evaluation in health care services." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1507.

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Increasing dependency in older age is conceptualised differently by various disciplines. Psychologists have contributed to the understanding of dependency in older age by describing and explaining the functionality of dependency across the life-span. Psychological research has also examined variables (such as the responses of carers to-the dependent behayiours of older people) that exacerbate dependent feelings and behaviours (Baltes, 1996), but it has not included an individual difference measure of interpersonal dependency. According to Rosowsky~ Dougherty, Johnson and Gurian (1997), an understanding of the ways that personality style affects older adults' engagement and reception of health services would assist providers in planning treatments and services that are more cost effective and attuned to individuals' needs. A review of the literature found that no scale for the measurement of interpersonal dependency of older adults had been developed. This research, therefore, developed a measure of interpersonal dependency for use with older adults and evaluated it in a home-care service setting. The following questions were addressed in the process: 1) Are older people who access home-care services higher in their levels of interpersonal dependency than older people who do not access home-care services? 2) What is the relationship among interpersonal dependency, depression and physical dependency in an older home-care population? The scale was developed in four stages: 1) an item development stage that included the facilitation of focus groups followed by a scale pilot study; 2) an item reduction stage; 3) a stage that examined and summarised the components of the scale; and 4) a scale validation stage. The 15 participants for item• selection focus group sessions and the scale pilot study included 14 women and 1 man aged over 65 years from Perth metropolitan day centres and also three allied health professionals. Participants for scale reliability and validity studies included 703 older adults (aged over 65 years). Two hundred and fifty-two were Silver Chain Nursing Association clients, 358 were Positive Ageing Foundation members and 93 were members of the Council on the Ageing. A reliable and valid 20-item interpersonal dependency measure for use with older adults resulted from the development process. In addition a comparative study utilising the new measure found that older adults in the home-care service population scored higher on the measure of interpersonal dependency than older adults sampled from the other populations. A hierarchical regression analysis found that both interpersonal dependency and depression were significant positive predictors of mobility in older adults. These findings have important intervention and financial implications for service providers. Screening for interpersonal dependency in older adults could assist in designing interventions that are more attuned to individuals' needs and thus reduce reliance on services.
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2

Hale, Beatrice, and n/a. "The meaning of home as it becomes a place for care : the emergence of a new life stage for frail older people? : a study in the dynamics of home care for older people." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070402.143208.

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This work is a study of the day to day experiences of older people in receipt of in-home care, the experiences of their family carers, and of their careworkers, resulting in a hypothesis about the structure of the lifecycle towards the end of life, and a consideration of both structured transition and individual transitions to and within this life stage. It has taken off from Laslett�s (1989,1996) seminal work on age divisions, into Third and Fourth Ages. Through an initial examination of secondary sources, I have hypothesized that the older people in this care bracket are in fact in a new life stage, between that of the independent Third Age and the dependent Fourth Age. I call this life stage the stage of 'Supported Independence'. Further references to the secondary sources, and references to the data, have supported this hypothesis, and have shown that there is a structured transition from the stage of independence to that of supported independence. The value of building such a life stage lies in the ability we then have to emphasize the situation of in-home care, bringing to prominence the experiences of the three stakeholders in this care environment. I have used the rites of passage concept to make known the issues involving the move from independence to dependence and those issues predominant in receiving in-home care, in being the carer at such a time, and in being the careworker within the invisibility of home. This has shown a formalized separation from the independent identity, and a prolonged stage of liminality because of an often uncertain form of service delivery. In this liminal stage also are revealed the emotions of living at home with a disability and with care, the improvisatory practices, the passivity and the assertiveness of this time of ageing. By applying this concept also to the family carers, I show the movement of families into and through the caring role, the joy of caring and the difficulties of taking responsibility without authority. I have shown carers� own improvisatory practices, and their determination to maintain the care recipient at home as long as possible. For the careworker, the rites of passage concept shows how she (and the careworker participants in this study are all women), can act to either maintain the liminal position of the recipients or assist in their reconnection to greater autonomy. Exploring the careworkers� own positions by means of the rites of passage concept highlights their inter-structural position between the public and private sectors, and highlights too, the care industry�s position, between that of a time managed industry and a recipient-directed industry. Whether this can be regarded as liminal depends on the philosophies of care adopted by the industry. In summary, the study examines the significance of the place of care, challenging the dominant ideology that home is best, and putting forward for consideration principles of care for other models of service delivery.
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3

Bonar, Rita Aguzzi. "Intra-ethnic differences of the perceptions of aged Italian women in receiving care." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41096.

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This thesis is qualitative study of the perceptions of aged Italian women in receiving care. It examines intra-ethnic group differences between Italian-Immigrant and Italian-Canadian women, and their definition of the experience of receiving care. Also, it addresses gender, class, and ethnicity issues which have implications for social work practice, policy, and research.
Sixty-one interviews were conducted with thirty participants, over the age of sixty-five. Participants were interviewed in their treatment environments with follow-up interviews in their home settings. Semi-structured in-depth interviews documenting these women's life histories, as well as participant observation, were the qualitative methods used to collect data. Interview transcripts and field notes were analyzed qualitatively to identify similarities and differences in participants' perceptions as care-receivers. A feminist theoretical perspective was applied to the discussion of the data.
The study suggests that differences exist between aged Italian-Immigrant and Italian-Canadian women care-receivers. These differences are directly related to specific personal and social factors which nurture and oppress them. Aged Italian-Canadian women were found to have more resources, greater independence with their supportive alliances, and higher levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction than aged Italian-Immigrant women. The findings provide insight into resources these women developed to deal with the constraints imposed on them by their gender, class, and ethnicity.
The study suggests an integrated-interactive approach of practice, policy, and research to implement changes so as to meet the needs of these individuals. The study recommends that a feminist social work approach be adopted in the educational curriculum for the training of social work professionals.
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4

Shahtahmasebi, Said. "Statistical modelling of dependency in old age." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318077.

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5

Lindenberger, Ulman, Ulrich Mayr, and Reinhold Kliegl. "Speed and intelligence in old age." Universität Potsdam, 1993. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4040/.

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Past research suggests that age differences in measures of cognitive speed contribute to differences in intellectual functioning between young and old adults. To investigate whether speed also predicts age-related differences in intellectual performance beyond age 70 years, tests indicating 5 intellectual abilities—speed, reasoning, memory, knowledge, and fluency—were administered to a close-to-representative, age-stratified sample of old and very old adults. Age trends of all 5 abilities were well described by a negative linear function. The speed-mediated effect of age fully explained the relationship between age and both the common and the specific variance of the other 4 abilities. Results offer strong support for the speed hypothesis of old age cognitive decline but need to be qualified by further research on the reasons underlying age differences in measures of speed.
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6

Maur, Christoph auf der Hodel Markus. "Age dependency of ABO histo-blood group antibodies: reexamination of an old dogma /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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7

Lowry, Katherine Danielle. "Age and Context Dependency in Causal Learning." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1538.

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The ability to make associations between causal cues and outcomes is an important adaptive trait that allows us to properly prepare for an upcoming event. Encoding context is a type of associative processing; thus, context is also an important aspect of acquiring causal relationships. Context gives us additional information about how two events are related and allows us to be flexible in how we respond to causal cues. Research indicates that older adults exhibit an associative deficit as well as a deficit in contextual processing; therefore, it seems likely that these deficits are responsible for the deficit in older adults’ causal learning. The purpose of the current study was to more directly test how associative deficits related to older adults’ contextual processing affect their causal learning. Based on past research, it was hypothesized that older adults would be less likely than younger adults to acquire and use contextual information in causal learning. A causal learning scenario from Boddez, Baeyens, Hermans, and Beckers (2011) was used to test the hypothesis that older adults show deficits in contextual processing in a causal learning scenario. This task examined contextual processing using blocking and extinction. Participants went through eight blocks of trials in which they were exposed to various cues and outcomes. They provided expectancy ratings that indicated how likely they believed an outcome was to occur, and these ratings were used to assess age differences in use of contextual information in a causal learning scenario. As expected, both younger and older adults demonstrated blocking in that they assigned higher causal value to a previously trained target cue (A+) than to another cue (X) that was only presented in compound with cue A later in the task (i.e., AX+). Additionally, when tested in the context where the association was originally learned following extinction training (i.e., A-), the causal value of cue A decreased for all groups, even if extinction training took place in a different context. However, ratings for cue A decreased even more for younger adults whose extinction training took place in a different context when tested in their extinction context.
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8

Hernandez, Silvia C. "Suicide Among Young-Old And Old-Old Adults: Interactions Between Age, Social Isolation, And Physical Illness." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1544205405031949.

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9

Kliegl, Reinhold, Jacqui Smith, and Paul B. Baltes. "Testing-the-limits, expertise, and memory in adulthood and old age." Universität Potsdam, 1986. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3906/.

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This research has three interrelated foci: (i) engineering and testing a cognitive model of expert memory, (ii) the study of intellectual reserve capacity and (iii) the use of a testing-the-limits methodology to magnify and delineate age differences in limits of reserve capacity. The assumption is that age differences are magnified if studied at high levels of expertise or task difficulty. Results from age-comparative point training studies in expert memory are reported. Both young and elderly subjects reached high levels of skilled memory, confirming the model. However, despite this sizeable reserve capacity, when compared to IQ-eguivalent young adults, superior elderly showed decline in upper limits of function.
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10

Carder, Paula C. "The Value of Independence in Old Age." PDXScholar, 1999. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2277.

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Why is independence a central theme for proponents of assisted living facilities? How do assisted living providers respond to this theme? These questions are pursued in an ethnographic study centered on Oregon's assisted living program. Assisted living facilities (ALF), defined and monitored by Oregon's Senior and Disabled Services Division (SDSD), are a type of housing for disabled, primarily elderly, persons. Oregon Administrative Rules (OAR-411-56) define independence, requiring ALF providers to support resident independence. Using social worlds theory as a sensitizing concept, assisted living is treated as a distinct social world. The activities of key groups, including SDSD staff, an ALF professional group, and assisted living managers, are described. These members commit to a “social model” approach to long-term care for which independence is the unifying construct. This approach offers a value-practice “package” that explains how to implement the value of independence (Fujimura, 1997). Three arenas where this package is apparent are described: marketing, manager training, and daily operations. Content analysis of marketing brochures from 63 assisted living facilities shows that independence is a dominant theme, promoted like any other product. These materials indicate that assisted living operators promote resident independence by providing a barrier-free environment, helping residents with daily tasks, and allowing residents control over their decisions. Manager training programs are another arena where the policy value of independence is evident. Here, new managers learn “who we are” and “what we do” in this social world. They learn a new vocabulary and are introduced to tools for daily practice. They learn the boundaries of this social world, and above all, how to behave differently from nursing facilities that they associate with the “medical model.” In daily practice, managers use institutional conventions, including the “negotiated service agreement” and "managed risk agreement." These tools are designed to respond to the tension between supporting independence and providing care to chronically ill, disabled individuals. Observations of marketing, management training, and resident assessments indicate that the social world of assisted living is in a formative stage, as members attempt to define and legitimate who they are and what they do.
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11

Milwain, Elizabeth J. "An evaluation of memory loss in old age and Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312195.

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12

O'Hanlon, Ann. "Exploring, measuring and explaining negative attitudes to own future old age." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273764.

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13

Stein, Renee. "Negative age stereotypes and older adults' memory performance : an examination of age stereotype activation and underlying mechanisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29329.

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14

Cooper, Holly. "The lived experience of meaning in life and satisfaction with life among older adults." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4398.

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15

Cheng, Yuk-ling Tavia. "Coping, social support, and depressive symptoms of older adults with diabetes mellitus /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20897261.

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16

Hamilton, Lucas John. "When Positive and Negative Collide: Mixed Emotions in Adulthood and Old Age." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1623600521445105.

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17

Reul, Richard T. "The experience of loss and grief in the lives of the elderly." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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18

Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Martin Lábaj, and Patrik Pruzinský. "Prospective Ageing and Economic Growth in Europe." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4080/1/wp165.pdf.

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We assess empirically the role played by prospective ageing measures as a predictor of income growth in Europe. We show that prospective ageing measures which move beyond chronological age and incorporate changes in life expectancy are able to explain better the recent long-run growth experience of European economies. The improvement in explanatory power of prospective ageing indicators as compared to standard measures based on chronological age is particularly relevant for long-run economic growth horizons. (authors' abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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19

McDonald, Mary Ellen. "Integrity, despair, locus of control and life satisfaction among elderly residents of homes for adults." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41702.

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As the number of elderly individuals in the population continues to increase, the demand for alternatives to group care settings will also increase. Homes for adults represent an example of the diversification of long term care options by providing care to elderly individuals in a setting that is more home-like and less institutionalized than traditional nursing homes. Since previous research is often limited to nursing home residents, the study of home for adult residents offers a fresh approach to sample selection, and provides reassurance that the needs of elderly residents are indeed being met not only in terms of custodial care but also in a therapeutic sense that enhances life satisfaction. In this study, the relationship of integrity/despair, locus of control, and life satisfaction was examined in a sample of elderly persons who reside in homes for adults. The participants were 17 males and 83 females, ranging in age from 60 to 95 and reporting fair to good health. It was hypothesized that elderly individuals who felt in control of their lives would also be more satisfied with life, Additionally, it was proposed that elderly individuals who looked back on their lives and were not satisfied would be afraid to die and would feel little or no control over their lives. Death anxiety, as measured by the Death Anxiety scale (Templer, 1970) was used to define integrity/despair. The indicator of locus of control was the Mastery Scale (Pearlin & Schooler, 1978), and life satisfaction was assessed with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (Lawton, 1975). Correlation analysis yielded the following results: (a) the more internal an individual’s locus of control score, the lower the death anxiety score, (b) the more internal the locus of control, the higher the life satisfaction score, and (c) the higher the life satisfaction, the lower the death anxiety score. These findings supported the hypotheses and indicate that elderly individuals who feel in control are also satisfied with their lives and are not afraid to die.
Master of Science
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20

NEWMAN, JACQUELYN GAIL. "PERCEPTIONS OF AGING IN AN OLDER SAMPLE: LIFE SATISFACTION, EVALUATIONS OF OLD AGE, AND RESPONSES TO CARTOONS ABOUT OLD PEOPLE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183867.

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The present study was an exploration of the relationships among life satisfaction, attitudes toward aging and responses to cartoons about aging. Subjects were 86 community resident, active and financially secure adults aged 53 to 85. In this sample of subjects, the Life Satisfaction Index (Neugarten, Havighurst and Tobin, 1961) factors of Mood, Congruence and Zest combined with satisfaction with social involvements to account for 50% of the variance of attitude toward old age. Attitudes toward aging were measured with the Kogan-Wallach (1961) semantic differential evaluating the concept of "old age". As expected, all subjects rated cartoons which portrayed a clearly negative view of aging as less funny and more negative than cartoons which portrayed a more ambivalent view of aging. Contrary to expectation, responses to cartoons about aging were unrelated to life satisfaction, evaluations of old age or perceived societal attitudes toward old age.
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21

Lai, Ching-man. "Life satisfaction in old age: a study of the experience of elderly hostel residents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2969730X.

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22

Philipov, Dimiter, Anne Goujon, and Giulio Paola Di. "Ageing dynamics of a human-capital-specific population: A demographic perspective." Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.44.

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Background: Research on how rising human capital affects the consequences of population ageing rarely considers the fact that the human capital of the elderly population is composed in a specific way that is shaped by their earlier schooling and work experience. For an elderly population of a fixed size and age-sex composition, this entails that the higher its human capital, the greater the total amount of public pensions to be paid. Objective: The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the link between human capital and retiree benefits and its effect on population ageing from a demographic viewpoint. Methods: We construct an old age dependency ratio (OADR), in which each person, whether in the numerator or the denominator, is assigned the number of units corresponding to his/her level of human capital. Based on data for Italy, we study the dynamics of this human-capital-specific OADR with the help of multistate population projections to 2107. Results: Our results show that under specific conditions a constant or moderately growing human capital may aggravate the consequences of population ageing rather than alleviate them. Conclusions: With those findings, the authors would like to stimulate the debate on the search for demographic and/or socio-economic solutions to the challenges posed by population ageing.
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23

Dobish, Heidi B. "Emotion and age-related stereotypes and their social consequences /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2004.
Adviser: Robin Kanarek. Submitted to the Dept. of Experimental Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-53). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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24

Stein, Rebecca Renee. "The effects of age stereotype priming on the memory performance of older adults." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29987.

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25

Eckhouse, Chelsea Manchester. "Transition to Old Age| How Do Sexual Behaviors and Personality Contribute to Successful Aging?" Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750862.

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The rate of individuals transitioning to old age (i.e. 65 and older) is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years (United Nations Development Division, 2015), and as such society’s need for research promoting successful aging to meet the demand for this growing population is accelerating. The transitionary period into old age holds significant and diverse challenges and losses that interact across life domains, and can make old age seem depressing and lead to a decline in well-being (Stevernick, 2014). Although older adults have many challenges that are associated with old age, many continue to live in a positive and adaptive way (Jeste & Oswald, 2014). As such, successful aging has become a highly researched model, which refers to relatively high levels of cognitive, physical, and social functioning, and distancing from disease and disability (Rowe & Kahn, 1997). The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether higher levels of sexual frequency and sexual satisfaction as well as personality predicted successful aging. Successful aging was operationally defined through the change in overall psychological well-being from middle to older adulthood. Health status and gender were also assessed to see whether they moderated the effect of predictors on overall psychological well-being. The study employed previously collected data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), a large sample of Wisconsin high school graduates who provided longitudinal data on diverse information across an extensive period of time (Herd, Carr, & Roan, 2014). The data used was collected from the 1993 and 2011 waves when participants were an average of 53 and 71 years old. Variables were created from self-report survey items from Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales (Ryff & Keyes, 1995), the Big Five Inventory, version 54 (BFI-54) (John, 1990; John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991), self-report data on sexual behaviors, and demographic information. Two-way mixed effects ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and personality all predicted change in overall psychological well-being. Health and gender did not moderate the relationship between sexual behaviors and psychological well-being, however the relationship between personality and psychological well-being was partially moderated by health and gender.

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Baltes, Paul B., Doris Sowarka, and Reinhold Kliegl. "Cognitive training research on fluid intelligence in old age : what can older adults achieve by themselves?" Universität Potsdam, 1989. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/4029/.

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Cognitive research on the plasticity of fluid intelligence has demonstrated that older adults benefit markedly from guided practice in cognitive skills and problem-solving strategies. We examined to what degree older adults are capable by themselves of achieving similar practice gains, focusing on the fluid ability of figural relations. A sample of 72 healthy older adults was assigned randomly to three conditions: control, tutor-guided training, self-guided training. Training time and training materials were held constant for the two training conditions. Posttraining performances were analyzed using a transfer of training paradigm in terms of three indicators: correct responses, accuracy, and level of item difficulty. The training programs were effective and produced a significant but narrow band of within-ability transfer. However, there was no difference between the two training groups. Older adults were shown to be capable of producing gains by themselves that were comparable to those obtained following tutor-guided training in the nature of test-relevant cognitive skills.
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Remondet, Jacqueline Hargett. "Perceptions of control in older workers a study of the work environment /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1989. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8918263.

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Wong, Chun-ho Eyckle, and 黃振浩. "A study on fears of falling in old age home centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979464.

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Baltes, Paul B., Reinhold Kliegl, and Freya Dittmann-Kohli. "On the locus of training gains in research on the plasticity of fluid intelligence in old age." Universität Potsdam, 1988. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/4028/.

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Cognitive training research has shown that many older adults have a substantial reserve capacity in fluid intelligence. Little is known, however, about the locus of plasticity. Two studies were conducted to examine whether training gains in fluid abilities are critically dependent on experimenter-guided training and/or whether older adults can achieve similar improvements by themselves on the basis of cognitive skills already available in their repertoire. Several comparisons were made: (a) between test performances after trainer-guided training in ability-specific cognitive skills and after self-guided retest practice (without feedback), (b) between performances under speeded and power conditions of assessment, (c) between performances on easy and difficult items, and (d) between the relative numbers of correct and wrong answers. Results suggest that a large share of the training improvement shown by the elderly can plausibly be explained as the result of the activation and practice of cognitive skills already available in their repertoire. The results also have implications for educational practice, pointing to the appropriateness of strategies of self-directed learning for many elderly adults.
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Lasher, Michael P., and Jill D. Stinson. "Old Enough to Know Better? Racial Biases, Perceived Age, and Young Defendants In Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7967.

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A defendant’s age can be an important determinant of judicial outcomes, but the perception of a defendant’s age can have implications for how these outcomes are determined. Research has suggested a connection between racial bias and age perception. This study sought to describe an age bias against African-Americans, and to connect this to jury sentencing outcomes. Undergraduate participants (N = 318) were recruited from university in the Appalachia region. First, participants estimated the ages of individuals in photographs. Analyses primarily focused on 18 and 19-year-old African-American and Caucasian males, but included a number of photographs from older males and females. Then, participants suggested a prison sentence in a mock jury sentencing task. African-Americans were estimated to be older than Caucasians by nearly four years (d = 1.75). This difference was present when controlling for exposure to African Americans, but with a negligible effect (d = 0.17). A modest increase (0.5 years, d = 0.32) was found in the sentence lengths assigned to African-American defendants. Discrepancies between age estimates and Page 112 2015 Appalachian Student Research Forum sentence lengths were not correlated. However logistic regression analyses found that age estimates of African-Americans were predictive of sentences exceeding state guidelines for this group, and the difference in age estimates between African-Americans and Caucasians was predictive of excessive sentences for both groups. While these regressions produced statistically significant (p < 0.05), the effect sizes of these regressions were negligible (d < 0.20). These findings suggest age bias is present and may have implications for juveniles and young adults in criminal proceedings.
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Greentree, Johnetta. "Perceived stressors, coping strategies, and effectiveness in older adults." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1101594.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate perceived stressors, coping strategies, and coping effectiveness in older adults. The theoretical framework was Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) theory of stress.Data was collected from 55 independent living adults. Findings showed that primary perceived stressors focused on health, family, and independence. The most frequently used and effective style of coping was optimistic. The least frequently used and least effective style was emotive. The most commonly used and most effective strategy was prayer. Few demographic differences in coping were noted.A major conclusion was that, while individual coping strategies were highly effective, overall older adults coped only somewhat effectively with stressors.The significance of the study was that effective coping strategies and styles as identified can guide nursing interventions for stress management among older adults. Replication of the study is needed with a large sample from a variety of populations.
School of Nursing
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Lasher, Michael P., and Jill D. Stinson. "Old Enough to Know Better? Racial Biases, Perceived Age, and Young Defendants in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7962.

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A defendant’s age can be an important determinant of judicial outcomes, but the perception of a defendant’s age can have implications for how these outcomes are determined. Research has suggested a connection between racial bias and age perception. This study sought to describe an age bias against African-Americans, and to connect this to jury sentencing outcomes. Undergraduate participants (N = 318) were recruited from university in the Appalachia region. First, participants estimated the ages of individuals in photographs. Analyses primarily focused on 18 and 19-year-old African-American and Caucasian males, but included a number of photographs from older males and females. Then, participants suggested a prison sentence in a mock jury sentencing task. African-Americans were estimated to be older than Caucasians by nearly four years (d = 1.75). This difference was present when controlling for exposure to African Americans, but with a negligible effect (d = 0.17). A modest increase (0.5 years, d = 0.32) was found in the sentence lengths assigned to African-American defendants. Discrepancies between age estimates and Page 112 2015 Appalachian Student Research Forum sentence lengths were not correlated. However logistic regression analyses found that age estimates of African-Americans were predictive of sentences exceeding state guidelines for this group, and the difference in age estimates between African-Americans and Caucasians was predictive of excessive sentences for both groups. While these regressions produced statistically significant (p < 0.05), the effect sizes of these regressions were negligible (d < 0.20). These findings suggest age bias is present and may have implications for juveniles and young adults in criminal proceedings.
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33

Hanselka, Larry L. (Larry Lynn). "Age/Cohort Differences in Aspects of the Self-System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279210/.

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Age/cohort differences in several aspects of the self-system were investigated utilizing a sentence completion paradigm. Eighty-eight adults over age sixty and one hundred eight adults under age forty served as subjects. Subjects were asked to complete 30 self-referent sentence stems which were pre-structured to elicit information from the self-system. Responses were subjected to a content analysis utilizing a coding system which contained concepts used by subjects in their self-representations. Contents were coded for dimensions conceptually related to Physical Health, Autonomy, Self-Evaluation, Depression, Spirituality, and Altruism. Frequencies of codings were counted and subjected to statistical analysis for performing age group comparisons.
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34

Arnold, Anne M. "Relationship between sense of coherence and subjective reports of health in elders." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/879849.

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This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between Sense of Coherence (SOC) and subjective report of health in elders. A systematic sample of 400 retirees from Ball State University faculty and staff was used in this study. The participants completed the information sheet and two questionnaires: Orientation to Life and Perceived Health. All data from the 198 responses were entered into the database for statistical analysis, although 169 (85%) had complete sets of data. Pearson r correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between SOC and subjective reports of health. The result revealed a statistically significant relationship between the two variables. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance were used to examine the relationship between SOC and subjective reports of health and other variables such as sex, education level, retirement status, and social support. Results indicate a significant relationship between sex, education level, SOC and subjective report of health. Retirement status and social support did not prove significant. A post hoc analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant relationship between SOC and education. This study has implications for worksite health promotion programs which address more than the physical dimension of wellness. Further march is recommended.
Institute for Wellness
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35

Ip, Siu-tung, and 葉紹東. "Emotion regulation and age-related attentional bias in a Chinese sample." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209533.

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Older adults have been reported to show attentional preference for positive stimuli and attentional avoidance from negative stimuli. The relationship between this pattern of emotional attention and emotion regulation, however, is not well known. The present study aims to replicate the findings of age-related attentional bias for emotional stimuli and investigate the potential relationship between biased attention and emotion regulation/dysregulation in Chinese older adults. 46 older adults and 46 younger adults participated in an attention task, which measured their reaction time towards negative and neutral facial stimuli, and a questionnaire survey, which elicited self-reports of their levels of emotion regulation and dysregulation. Results showed that there was a biased attention for negative faces in older adults, but not in younger adults. There were also differences between emotion regulation/dysregulation measures in the two age groups. When associating the attentional bias score with the emotion dysregulation measures, significant correlations were found between biased attention and overall difficulty in emotion regulation and lack of emotional clarity. The data supported the age-related bias of emotional attention, and revealed potential relationship between biased attention and emotion regulation in older adults.
published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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36

McCormick, Christine Viola. "Cognitive coping and depression in elderly long-term care residents." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3194.

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The purpose of this research was to examine specific coping methods used by the elderly as they adjust to the environment of a long-term care facility, and to examine the correlations between these coping methods and levels of depressive symptomatology.
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Glenn, Goold Moyna. "Retirement : effects of a psychoeducational program /." Gold Coast, Queensland : Bond University, 2007. http://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/goold.

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Thesis (DPsych) -- Bond University, 2007.
"A thesis completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctorate of Psychology Bond University"-- t.p. Bibliography: leaves 111-128. Also available via the World Wide Web.
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38

Nussbaum, Paul David. "Depression and cognitive deterioration in the elderly: A follow-up study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185628.

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The extent of cognitive deficit in depressed elderly remains unclear. Recent follow-up studies of elderly patients diagnosed as depressed suggest that depression may present as the initial sign of progressive dementia. This raises questions regarding the nature of the depression in those individuals who deteriorate cognitively over time, and encourages the search for clinical indicators of those depressed who are likely to deteriorate. Thirty-five depressed older adult outpatients were comprehensively examined and re-evaluated with a brief neuropsychological battery after one or more years. Twenty-three probable dementia of the Alzheimer's type patients (DAT) provided a comparison with a known progressive disorder. Patients with a decline of four points from their original score on a mental status examination comprised the "depressed with cognitive deterioration" sample (N = 8) and all others made up the "depressed without cognitive deterioration" sample (N = 27). These two samples were then compared on clinical variables from the initial neuropsychological, medical, radiological, and patient history examination. A Multivariate analysis of variance using the following variables: initial age, education, modified Hachinski, initial Mini-Mental State, Wechsler Memory Quotient, vocabulary, digit span, similarities, picture completion, block design, and digit symbol subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, initial Geriatric Depression Scale, and Grocery Store Test of verbal fluency failed to differentiate those depressed elderly that declined from those who did not. A series of Chi-square analyses using the medical and radiological variables demonstrated a significant association between depressed with deterioration and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, computerized tomography (CT) abnormalities, and Electrocardiogram (EKG) abnormalities. Those depressed patients with cognitive deterioration demonstrated a higher frequency of white matter abnormalities on the combined CT and MRI than did those depressed patients with no deterioration. Leuko-araiosis in depressed elderly may represent a clinical marker for the identification of later cognitive deterioration. Results indicate: (1) a need for the development of more sensitive neuropsychological measures for accurate prediction of deterioration; (2) the importance of follow-up neuropsychological evaluations on depressed elderly; (3) relationship between white matter abnormality and cognitive deterioration in depressed elderly, and (4) support for the hypothesis that depression may present as an early sign of a later developing progressive dementia.
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Dzivakwe, Vanessa G. "Religiosity As a Coping Resource for Depression and Disease Management Among Older Diabetic Patients." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700076/.

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Compared to the general population, diabetic patients experience a higher prevalence of depression, which can often exacerbate diabetic symptoms and complicate treatment. Studies show that religion is associated with both better physical health and better psychological functioning; however, studies incorporating religion and depression among diabetic individuals are scarce. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by examining archival data from the 2008 and 2010 data waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Cross-sectional findings confirmed that stronger religiosity was positively correlated with perceived diabetes control and positive diabetes change, and negatively correlated with total number of depressive symptoms and total number of weeks depressed. Longitudinal findings confirmed that stronger religiosity in 2008 was positively correlated with perceived diabetes change in 2010 and negatively correlated with total number of depressive symptoms in 2010. Logistic regression and multiple regression analyses were performed to test four moderation models. Results showed that religiosity significantly moderated the relationship between perceived diabetes control and total number of weeks depressed. More specifically, for diabetics with low levels of religiosity, whether they believed their diabetes was under control or not did not make a significant difference in the total number of weeks depressed. However, high levels of religiosity served as a buffer against the duration of depressive symptoms but only for diabetics who perceived to have their diabetes under control. Understanding how these constructs jointly influence diabetes management and psychological functioning is critical in that medical professionals may utilize such knowledge to enhance treatment outcomes.
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40

Machat-From, Laura. "Identity, Old(er) Age and Migrancy : A Social Constructionist Lens." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen Åldrande och social förändring, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137460.

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ldentity research in relation to ethnicity and migration has tended to focus an younger people whilst identity research in relation to ageing and old(er) age has not focused an migrants. This inadvertent mutual neglect has led to a lack of identity research that examines the identity categories of old(er) age and migrancy together, a lacuna that this dissertation aims to redress. This dissertation departs from a social constructionist understanding of identity as situationally accomplished in the interplay between how one defines oneself (internally) and how others define one (externally). The questions raised by this perspective and addressed in this dissertation are: When (in what situations) and in relation to whom do old(er) age and migrancy (respectively) seem to become meaningful for identification? How do the identity categories of old(er) age and migrancy seem to be negotiated? The empirical material consists of in-depth interviews with 24 older migrants (13 men, 11 women) aged between 55 and 79 who have been living in Sweden for 18 to 61 years. Interviewees come from 12 different countries that vary in perceived cultural distance from Sweden. The findings suggest that identifications with old(er) age and migrancy seem to be dynamic and flexible rather than necessarily permanently meaningful, thus gaining meaning in specific situations and in relation to particular Others. External definitions furthermore do not always seem to match with internal ones. Regardless of how old(er) age and migrancy are constructed, they seem to be negotiable. This dissertation thus contributes to identity research by studying old(er) age and migrancy together and furthermore sheds light onto how the social constructionist lens allows us to see variability where stability otherwise would be presumed.
ldentitetsforskning rörande etnicitet och migration har huvudsakligen fokuserat på yngre medan identitetsforskning kring äldre och åldrande inte har fokuserat på utrikesfödda. Som en konsekvens därav har identitetsforskningen inte studerat hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap tillsammans, en lucka som denna avhandling avser att fylla. Avhandlingen utgår ifrån en socialkonstruktionistisk förståelse av identitet som situationsbunden och formad genom samspelet mellan hur man definierar sig själv (internt) och hur andra definierar en (externt). Frågorna som väcks genom detta perspektiv och som avhandlingen fokuserar på är: När (i vilka situationer) och i förhållande till vem verkar hög(re) ålder respektive invandrarskap bli betydelsefulla för identifikationer? Hur verkar identitetskategorierna hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap förhandlas? Det empiriska materialet består av djupintervjuer med 24 utrikesfödda äldre (13 män, 11 kvinnor) i åldrarna mellan 55 och 79 som har bott i Sverige mellan 18 och 61 år. lntervjupersonerna kommer från 12 olika länder med olika upplevt kulturellt avstånd från Sverige. Resultaten tyder på att identifikationer med hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap är dynamiska och flexibla snarare än nödvändigtvis permanent meningsfulla, och får därmed betydelse i vissa situationer och i förhållande till särskilda andra. Externa definitioner verkar inte alltid stämma överens med interna definitioner. Oavsett hur hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap är konstruerade så framstår de som förhandlingsbara. Avhandlingen bidrar därmed till identitetsforskningen genom att studera hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap tillsammans och belyser dessutom hur det socialkonstruktionistiska perspektivet tillåter oss att se variation och föränderlighet där stabilitet annars förutsätts.
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41

Martyn, Ann Henderson. "Rehearsal for survivorship: a qualitative analysis of later life husbands and wives." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39694.

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42

Nilsson, Margareta. "Understanding the meaning of past, present and future in advanced age : very old person's experiences of ageing /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4448-2/.

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43

Kilb, Angela. "Paying attention to binding is the associative deficit of older adults mediated by reduced attentional resources? /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4259.

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Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 10, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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44

Cheung, Hiu-yee Alice. "Contribution of risk-taking behaviors to falls for Chinese elderly /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36434115.

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45

Buettner, Karen Elise. "The path of memory : an affective approach to design for dementia in the elderly." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23922.

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46

Meyer, Ann Elizabeth. "Intrinsic and incidental consistency in skill acquisition and transfer." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30635.

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47

Kane, Amy E. "The effect of delay on conceptual and perceptual priming in Alzheimer's disease relationship to attention and cortical activation /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] ; University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3356291.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-83).
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48

Swindell, Jennifer Sproul. "Respecting autonomy in cases of ambivalence regarding end of life decisions." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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49

Goldman, Elizabeth Davis. "Chicken or egg, Alliance or Outcome: An attempt to answer an age old question." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1220483624.

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50

Goss, Anita Judith. "The psychometric assessment of competence in ambulatory, well elderly." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185014.

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The purpose of this study was twofold: to test the Competence Model for Normal Aging and to generate valid and reliable indices of mental health outcomes in elderly clients. A correlational descriptive design accommodated the psychometric assessment of the instruments with a causal modeling methodology. The relationship between competence and self-esteem was the primary focus. Theoretical model testing was used to test the causal relationships between competence and three estimates of cognition: causal attributions, self-efficacy, and value. Associated demographic variables, age, and gender, were included in the model. Well elders (n = 137) living independently in Tucson participated in the study by completing 9 instruments within a 40-minute testing period. The mean age of the group was 73 (sd = 7.9). A quarter of the sample was at least 80 years old. All participants were caucasian, with more than twice the number of females than males. Most participants were married or widowed. The instruments met validity and reliability criteria in varying degrees. Hypothesis 1 was supported in both the separate success and failure models and the total sample theoretical model. Self-efficacy (β = .48) and value (β = .27) predicted competence (R² = .42). The social subscale of competence was strongly predicted by the same variables (β = .53, β = .26; R² = .39). The same predictors were evident in the total sample theoretical model (β = .52; β = .25; R² = .38). Hypothesis 2 was partially supported. Self-efficacy predicted total competence (β = .49; R² = .30) and the social dimension of competence (β = .59; R² = .32). Hypothesis 2 was minimally supported in the total sample theoretical model by self-efficacy (β = .29) predicting the social component of competence (R² = .44). Hypothesis 3 was most strongly supported. Competence predicted self-esteem under multiple conditions (βs averaged .43). The associated demographic and gender variables made minimal contributions to the model, except under failure conditions. Not being married and being a male negatively impacted upon competence (β = -.21; β = -.39; R² = .31). Both theoretical and empirical model results have similar explained variances. The theoretical model provided key information regarding the process of self-esteem, and the empirical model provided a guide for clinicians to measure mental health outcomes.
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