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Journal articles on the topic 'Departure Frequency'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Manuela Jr, Wilfred S. "The Impact Of Entry And Competition On Airline Departure Frequency." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 9, no. 8 (July 26, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v9i8.5290.

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This paper examines how entry and competition impact departure frequency using data from 19902009 on a number of routes served by at least two airlines. The estimated frequency equation indicates that an additional airline at the route level results in a slight decrease in the number of departures despite a substantial increase in passenger traffic since the industry was liberalized in 1995. The results suggest that domestic airlines have shifted to relatively larger aircraft and operate them at higher load factors. The use of larger aircraft operated at higher load factors may indicate their inability to secure additional landing slots, suggesting that investments in air transport infrastructure have not kept pace with demand. Fewer departures indicate that the waiting time between flights has increased, reducing the probability of matching the passengers preferred departure times with scheduled flights. The longer waiting time between flights and more congestion inside the aircraft due to higher load factors suggest that the service quality of air transport has deteriorated in the post-regulation period.
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2

Joko Suroto, Bambang. "Pengaruh Nilai Wettability terhadap Bubble Departure Diameter dan Bubble Departure Frequency." Jurnal Ilmu dan Inovasi Fisika 1, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jiif.v1i02.15358.

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3

Gawron, Valerie J., and Thomas A. Ranney. "The Effects of Rumble Strips on Performance of Sober and Alcohol-Dosed Subject Drivers." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 15 (October 1988): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786761947.

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Accident studies have identified nighttime conditions on rural roads as particular problems for alcohol-impaired drivers. Uneventful driving is hypothesized to result in progressive degradation of tracking performance and a reduced ability to handle the demands of hazardous locations, such as curves. To address these problems, a simulated rumble strip was evaluated experimentally. Six subjects drove an instrumented vehicle over a closed course under two conditions (presence versus absence of rumble strips) and three levels of BAC (0.00, 0.07, 0.12%). The effects of the rumble strips were evaluated from both road-departure characteristics (lane departure and accident frequency, maximum distance off the road, mean time off the road per departure, time between successive departures) and overall driving performance (means and standard deviations of velocity and lateral position). Rumble-strip presence was associated with increased time between successive left-side departures, increased mean velocity, and reduced speed variability. There were no significant differences between rumble-strip presence and absence for right-side departures.
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4

Li, Zhihong, Han Xu, Shiyao Qiu, Jun Liu, Kairan Yang, and Jiahao Wu. "Dynamic Optimization of Bus Line Schedule in Commuter Corridor Based on Bus IC Card Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (January 13, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7064061.

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The aim of this study was to explore the bus operating state of the city bus passenger corridor, taking the minimum bus operating cost and passenger travel cost as the objective function, taking passenger flow demand and operating income as the constraint, and considering the average speed change of the bus line in the bus corridor at different times. This paper proposes a dynamic optimization model of bus route schedule based on bus Integrated Circuit Card (IC Card) data. The optimization variable is the departure frequency of the candidate lines. To solve the model, a dynamic departure interval optimization method based on improved Genetic Algorithm (GA) was designed under different decision preferences. The method includes the calibration of generalized cost functions for passengers and bus companies and grasps the characteristics of bus operating speed changes and the design of departure strategies under different decision preferences. The validity and applicability of the proposed method are verified by a numerical example. We mainly carried out the following work: (1) Dynamic analysis of the time dimension of the bus departure interval takes into account the changes in passenger time characteristics during peak periods. (2) Seven schemes of weight ratio of passenger waiting time cost and bus operation cost were designed, and the departure intervals with different benefit orientations of passengers and operators were discussed, respectively, so as to select the corresponding departure schemes for decision makers under different decision preferences. The results show that (1) the total cost of the 7 different weighting schemes is lower than the actual value by 6.90% to 18.20%; (2) when decision makers need to bias the weight to the bus company, the weight ratio α : β between passengers and bus company is 0.25 : 0.75 which works best. The frequency of departures has been reduced by 6, and at the same time, the total optimized cost is reduced by 18.2%; (3) when decision makers need to bias the weight to the passengers, the weight ratio α : β between the passengers and bus company is 0.75 : 0.25 which works best. The frequency of departures has been increased by 19, and at the same time, the total optimized cost is reduced by 17.7%; and (4) when decision makers consider passengers and bus companies equally, the weight ratio α : β between passengers and bus companies is 0.5 : 0.5, the optimization cost is the closest to the actual cost, the optimization cost is reduced by 6.9%, and the frequency of departures has been increased by 5. The results show that the model in this paper provides a new idea for the information mining of bus routes in the research based on the bus IC Card data and provides an effective tool for the management of different operation decision preferences.
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5

Situ, Rong, Jiyuan Tu, Guan Heng Yeoh, Takashi Hibiki, Mamoru Ishii, and Michitsugu Mori. "ICONE15-10148 DIMENSIONLESS ANALYSIS OF BUBBLE DEPARTURE FREQUENCY IN FORCED CONVECTIVE SUBCOOLED BOILING FLOW." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_61.

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6

Young, Lih-jier, and Chin-Hsin Chiu. "Numerical solution of optimal departure frequency of Taipei TMS." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 131 (May 2016): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/131/1/012024.

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7

Situ, R., M. Ishii, T. Hibiki, J. Y. Tu, G. H. Yeoh, and M. Mori. "Bubble departure frequency in forced convective subcooled boiling flow." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51, no. 25-26 (December 2008): 6268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.04.028.

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8

Mosdorf, Romuald, Tomasz Wyszkowski, and Kamil Dąbrowski. "Multifractal properties of large bubble paths in a single bubble column." Archives of Thermodynamics 32, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0001-9.

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Multifractal properties of large bubble paths in a single bubble columnIn the paper the paths of bubbles emitted from the brass nozzle with inner diameter equal to 1.6 mm have been analyzed. The mean frequency of bubble departure was in the range from 2 to 65.1 Hz. Bubble paths have been recorded using a high speed camera. The image analysis technique has been used to obtain the bubble paths for different mean frequencies of bubble departures. The multifractal analysis (WTMM - wavelet transform modulus maxima methodology) has been used to investigate the properties of bubble paths. It has been shown that bubble paths are the multifractals and the influence of previously departing bubbles on bubble trajectory is significant for bubble departure frequencyfb> 30 Hz.
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9

Faizan, Muhammad, Shah Hussain, and M. I. Hayee. "Design and Development of In-Vehicle Lane Departure Warning System using Standard Global Positioning System Receiver." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8 (May 3, 2019): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844751.

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A lane departure warning system is a critical element among advanced driver-assistance systems functions, which has significant potential to reduce crashes. Generally, lane departure warning systems use image processing or optical scanning techniques to detect a lane departure. These systems have some limitations, however, such as harsh weather or irregular lane markings having a negative influence on their performance. Integrating global positioning system (GPS) and digital maps of lane-level resolution with an image processing based lane detection system can improve its efficiency but make the overall system more complex and expensive. In this paper, a lane detection method is proposed which uses a standard GPS receiver without any lane-level resolution maps. The proposed algorithm determines the lateral shift of a vehicle by comparing the vehicle’s trajectory acquired by standard GPS receiver to the reference road direction. The reference road direction is extracted from a standard digital mapping database commonly available in any navigational device containing maps with only road-level information. Extensive field tests were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed system. The field test results show that the proposed system can detect a true lane departure with an accuracy of almost 100%. Although no true lane departure was left undetected, occasional false lane departures were detected when the vehicle did not actually depart its lane. Furthermore, a modification in the proposed algorithm was also tested which has significant potential to reduce the frequency of false alarms.
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10

Hsu, Li Chieh, Wen Chou Huang, Guo Jhih Gao, Kai Yu Chuang, and Ing Youn Chen. "The Heater Size and Viscosity Effects on Thermal Bubble Growth and Dynamics after Departure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.120.

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A single bubble growth after boiling in square vertical tube is studied numerically to better understand bubble formation factors and as well as its moving behavior after departure. The effects of heating surface area and viscosity of fluid are investigate with nucleation time, bubble departure time, bubble dimension as well as boiling curve. The study indicate that the larger heating surface area, the smaller bubble departure diameter and higher nucleation frequency. The larger of viscosity of fluid, the smaller moving deviation from central axis after bubble departure and smaller deformation of the bubble.
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11

O'Connor, John P., S. M. You, and A. Haji-Sheikh. "LASER DOPPLER ANEMOMETRY MEASUREMENTS OF BUBBLE RISE VELOCITY AND DEPARTURE FREQUENCY." Experimental Heat Transfer 8, no. 2 (April 1995): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916159508946497.

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12

Salgado, F., L. K. Morabito, J. B. R. Oonk, P. Salas, M. C. Toribio, H. J. A. Röttgering, and A. G. G. M. Tielens. "Low-frequency Carbon Radio Recombination Lines. I. Calculations of Departure Coefficients." Astrophysical Journal 837, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa5d9e.

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13

Mannering, Fred L., and Mohammad M. Hamed. "Occurence, frequency, and duration of commuters' work-to-home departure delay." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 24, no. 2 (April 1990): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2615(90)90022-q.

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14

Peng, Yichuan, Srinivas Reddy Geedipally, and Dominique Lord. "Effect of Roadside Features on Single-Vehicle Roadway Departure Crashes on Rural Two-Lane Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2309, no. 1 (January 2012): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2309-03.

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One of the most important tasks in traffic safety is investigating the relationship between motor vehicle crashes and the geometric characteristics of roadways. A large body of previous work provides meaningful results on the impact of geometric design on crash frequency. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between roadway departure crashes and relevant roadside features such as lateral clearance, side slope condition, and driveway density. The lack of roadside data for use in estimating rigorous statistical models has been a major obstacle to roadside safety research for many years. This study investigated the relationship between single-vehicle roadway departure crashes and roadside features. Two types of models were developed: a negative binomial model of crash frequency and a multinomial logit model of crash severity. The study used field data collected in four districts in Texas. The results showed that shoulder width, lateral clearance, and side slope condition had a significant effect on roadway departure crashes. Crash frequency and severity increased when lateral clearance or shoulder width decreased and when the side slope condition became worse. Driveway density was not found to have a significant influence on crash frequency or severity.
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15

Savetratanakaree, Kittipat, Kingkarn Sookhanaphibarn, Sarun Intakosum, Ruck Thawonmas, and Kuan Ta Chen. "Departure Prediction of Online Game Players." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1370.

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Most business models of online game companies usually depend on sale of virtual items and the monthly subscription fees. The prediction of player departure could increase revenues by giving special promotions out to the players who are expected to unsubscribe or quit playing the game. This paper proposes a departure prediction approach by using a new feature called SLKdays and a game revisitation. The feature "SLKdays" is defined as "Staytime", which is the time each player spending in an online game, of the last k days, and a game revisitation is the playing frequency in the last month to predict the next month subscription. We explore our new feature "SLKdays" to determine the optimal number of k for the departure prediction. With our proposed feature, the accuracy of the departure prediction is high, 91.92%, and the precision and recall rate are 98.22% and 84.51%.
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16

EUH, Dongjin, Basar OZAR, Takashi HIBIKI, Mamoru ISHII, and Chul-Hwa SONG. "Characteristics of Bubble Departure Frequency in a Low-Pressure Subcooled Boiling Flow." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 47, no. 7 (July 2010): 608–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2010.9720958.

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17

Judd, R. L. "The Influence of Subcooling on the Frequency of Bubble Emission in Nucleate Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250746.

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The experimental results reported in Ibrahim and Judd (1985) in which bubble period first increased and then decreased as subcooling varied over the range 0 ≤ θsat ≤ 15° C is interpreted by means of a comprehensive boiling heat transfer model incorporating the contributions of nucleate boiling, natural convection, and micro-layer evaporation components. It is shown that bubble emission frequency varies to accommodate the impressed heat load in the manner described above because changes in subcooling cause the heat flux within the area influenced by the formation and departure of bubbles to change in the opposite sense to the fraction of the surface area within which bubble formation and departure occurs. The mechanism responsible for the nucleation of bubbles at exactly the frequency required at each level of subcooling is the object of continuing research.
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18

Adeyefa, Adewale O., and Theophilus O. Odekunle. "Rainfall Characteristics during the Years of Significant Departures from Normal in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria." Journal of Geography and Geology 14, no. 1 (February 17, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v14n1p9.

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The rationale examining the rainfall characteristics during the years of significant departures from normal in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone (SSEZ) of Nigeria is based on the devastating effects of extreme weather events and their subsequent implications for agriculture and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This study designated Significant Years of Positive Departure (SYPD) and Negative Departure (SYND) of rainfall from normal using a Z-score analysis on 39 years of rainfall data (1980-2018) for Sokoto, Kano, Maiduguri, and Nguru.   The results show that nine years possessed significant positive departures in rainfall versus six years of negative departures significant at α = 0.05. The frequency of occurrence of intra-seasonal dry spells outweighed that of wet spells in all the years except in 2000 (Maiduguri), 2012 (Kano and Nguru), and 2016 in Sokoto. Light rainfall contributed almost 60% of the total annual rainfall in the zone with heavy rains comprising 17.6% of the total in SYPD versus only 3% in SYND. The average length of the growing season (106 days) was higher during the SYND than the SYPD with an average of 99 days.  Onset and retreat days were mostly recorded during June and September respectively in SSEZ. This study found that SYPD in Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone possessed more wet occurrences than dry periods resulting from below-normal rainfall. These wetter occurrences also possess food security concerns because of their timing, while the SYND years portend to drought and possible famine.
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19

Lv, Ming, Xiaojun Shao, Chimou Li, and Feng Chen. "Driving Performance Evaluation of Shuttle Buses: A Case Study of Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031408.

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The risky behaviours of bus drivers are of great concern to public health and environmental sustainability, especially for the buses operated between cities. With this in mind, the present study examined the distribution of risky behaviours among bus drivers, and the contributing factors to risky performance. To achieve this, 1648 records of GPS trajectory data and 8281 records of advance warning message data from Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge shuttle buses were obtained. The temporal and spatial distribution of risky behaviours was analysed. A random parameters negative binomial model was developed to further investigate the relationship between speed-related factors and risky behaviours. The results indicated that the warning of safety distance, lane departure, forward collision, and distraction were more likely to occur on weekdays. The period between 14 and 16 o’clock obtained the highest frequency of safety distance and lane departure warnings. Regarding the model estimation results, indicators reflecting average speed, acceleration, and number of trips per day showed a statistically significant impact on safety distance and lane departure warnings. Also, the acceleration of bus drivers showed a mixed impact on lane departure warnings. Corresponding implications were discussed according to the findings to reduce the frequency of risky behaviours in shuttle bus operations.
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20

ATTRI, S. D., A. B. PANDYA, and D. P. DUBEY. "Forecasting of minimum temperature over Gangtok." MAUSAM 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v46i1.3181.

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A study has been conducted to assess day-to-day changes, departure and persistence of minimum temperature and the frequency of cold wave and severe cold wave over Gangtok for five winter months i.e., November-March for the years 1969 to 1992. Regression models have also been formulated to forecast minimum temperature with the knowledge of dew point, cloud amount, maximum temperature and minimum temperature recorded on previous day. In case of changes, ‘little change’ and ‘no change’ constitute about four-fifth of total changes. The cases of nearly normal were found maximum when departure of minimum temperature from normal was considered. Frequency of cold wave and severe cold wave has been recorded more in January and February respectively. It has been observed that there is a gradual fall in the percentage frequency with the increase in the magnitude of variation. Regression model gives good results from November to February.
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21

Fufacheva, M. V. "The laws of distribution of some parameters when organizing the movement of trains." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 3 (2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-3-27-39.

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The article discusses the key factors for the organization of train traffic. The analysis of statistical parameters of the intervals of departure of freight trains from railway stations and the length of the freight train flow is carried out. Based on these train schedules, graphical dependences of the intervals of departure of trains from separate points on the volume of train traffic and the distribution of train lengths in even and odd directions are constructed. Polynomial dependencies with coefficients of variation are derived. The curve of the second-order Erlang distribution function for the departure intervals is constructed. It is determined that the average departure intensity in one hour is equal to three trains, and the average departure interval lies between the 25th and 35th minutes with a probability of 0.793. There is a correlation between the coefficient of variation (mean square deviation) of the departure interval and its average daily deviation. The power function of the analytical ratio of the coefficient of variation from the average interval of departure of freight trains from the technical stations of the Krasnoyarsk railway during the day is determined using the least squares method. The degrees of correspondence of theoretical and statistical distributions of the number of cars in trains are studied using the Kolmogorov criterion with the calculation of the probability value and confirmation that the distribution of the number of cars in trains obeys the binomial law. Using the Pearson agreement criterion, it is proved that the frequency of departure of freight trains from railway stations obeys the exponential distribution law.
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22

Goryainov, Mikhail. "Usage of frequency-controlled electric driver for hennery air ventilation systems." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 11011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017511011.

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An uncontrolled electric driver is characterized with assonance with its features to technological process requirements. The most important characteristic of ventilation machines used in hennery air ventilation systems is the correlation between pressure and efficiency. To minimize the losses in running ventilators we have to control the ventilation process, thus to maintain the desired mode without departure from optimal value.
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23

Hazi, Gabor, and Attila Markus. "On the bubble departure diameter and release frequency based on numerical simulation results." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52, no. 5-6 (February 2009): 1472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.09.003.

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24

Hamzekhani, Samane, Majedeh Maniavi Falahieh, Mohammad Rasoul Kamalizadeh, and Zahra Nazari. "Experimental study on bubble departure frequency for pool boiling of water/NaCl solutions." Heat and Mass Transfer 51, no. 9 (January 25, 2015): 1313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1502-x.

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25

Allen, J. S., and M. M. Rashid. "Dynamics of a Hyperelastic Gas-Filled Spherical Shell in a Viscous Fluid." Journal of Applied Mechanics 71, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1653722.

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The dynamical response of a gas-filled, spherical elastic shell immersed in a viscous fluid is of interest in a number of different scientific and technological contexts. In this article, this problem is formulated and studied numerically, within a purely mechanical setting. For spherically symmetric motions, a neo-Hookean shell material, and an incompressible surrounding fluid, the equation of motion can be obtained through an integration in the radial coordinate. The resulting nonlinear initial-value problem must be integrated numerically. An interesting feature of the system response is the possibility of a departure from bounded oscillation for large-amplitude far-field forcing. The amplitude at which this departure occurs is found to be highly dependent on the forcing frequency. A stability map in the forcing frequency/amplitude plane is an important result of this study.
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26

Kaniowski, Robert, and Robert Pastuszko. "Pool boiling of ethanol and FC-72 on open microchannel surfaces." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002042.

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The paper presents experimental investigations into pool boiling heat transfer for open microchannel surfaces. Parallel microchannels fabricated by machining were about 0.3 mm wide, and 0.2 to 0.5 mm deep and spaced every 0.1 mm. The experiments were carried out for ethanol, and FC-72 at atmospheric pressure. The image acquisition speed was 493 fps (at resolution 400 × 300 pixels with Photonfocus PHOT MV-D1024-160-CL camera). Visualization investigations aimed to identify nucleation sites and flow patterns and to determine the bubble departure diameter and frequency at various superheats. The primary factor in the increase of heat transfer coefficient at increasing heat flux was a growing number of active pores and increased departure frequency. Heat transfer coefficients obtained in this study were noticeably higher than those from a smooth surface.
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27

Jou, Rong-Chang, and Hani S. Mahmassani. "Comparability and Transferability of Commuter Behavior Characteristics between Cities: Departure Time and Route-Switching Decisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1556, no. 1 (January 1996): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155600114.

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Extensive diary surveys of commuter behavior were conducted in Dallas and Austin. These surveys provide data to characterize the day-today dynamics of commuter decisions, including departure time and route, for both morning and evening commutes. The data were used to develop user decision models that relate route and departure time switching patterns to socioeconomic characteristics, workplace conditions, and traffic system characteristics. Comparisons were made to assess the extent of transferability of behavioral findings and model parameters. Remarkable similarity was found in the general commuting behavior patterns observed in the two cities, such as greater switching activity in the evening than in the morning commute and greater frequency of departure time switching relative to route changes. Differences between the two cities appear to be primarily due to the larger size of Dallas.
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28

Ling, Shuai, Wandi Hu, and Yongjie Zhang. "The impact of bus priority policies on peak commuters behavior: An agent-based modelling perspective." Filomat 30, no. 15 (2016): 4101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1615101l.

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By using micro-simulation method and the BushCMosteller reinforcement learning model, this paper modeled the behavior of urban commuters departure time choice on a many-to-one transit system during the morning peak-period. Three kinds of typical urban public transport priority policies were studied. Result shows that if we can choose the right time for free public transportation, the pre-peak-free policy will have certain effects on staggering the commuting peak by influencing commuters decision making on departure-time. As for the bus-accelerating policy, it can lower commuters cost, but it is likely to cause more congested volume and add more pressure on the public transit system. The departure frequency increasing policy can partially alleviate the peak congestion problem, but cannot fundamentally eliminate the congestion, instead, it may increase the operating costs. This research is helpful in acquiring a better understanding of commuters departure time choice and commuting equilibrium during the peak period. The research approaches also provide an effective way to explore the formation and evolution of complicated traffic phenomena.
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29

Zeng, You-Zhi, Bin Ran, Ning Zhang, Xiaobao Yang, Jia-Jun Shen, and She-Jun Deng. "Optimal Pricing and Service for the Peak-Period Bus Commuting Inefficiency of Boarding Queuing Congestion." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103497.

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This paper proposes an equilibrium bus boarding model to investigate optimal pricing and service for peak-period bus commuting inefficiency of boarding queuing congestion. Commuters are assumed to choose their optimal time-of-use decision from home or the workplace to the bus. We found that: (1) when the earliest commuter boards the bus as soon as the bus arrives at the bus station, the dynamic boarding queuing congestion toll that eliminates the boarding queuing congestion creates social optimal equilibrium and the optimal bus departure interval during the peak period; (2) the optimal bus departure interval during the peak period is the time that the preceding bus riders spend on boarding, which means the relationship between service frequency and ridership does not conform to the square root principle: the optimal bus frequency is proportional to the square root of the number of commuters.
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30

Tsujimura, Ryoma, Yuya Endo, and Tomio Okawa. "Variation of Bubble Departure Frequency by Interaction between Nucleation Sites in Subcooled Flow Boiling." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2021 (2021): 0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2021.0017.

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31

Zhang, Lenan, Shuai Gong, Zhengmao Lu, Ping Cheng, and Evelyn N. Wang. "A unified relationship between bubble departure frequency and diameter during saturated nucleate pool boiling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 165 (February 2021): 120640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120640.

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32

XIAO, BOQI. "A NEW ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR HEAT TRANSFER IN POOL BOILING." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 12 (May 20, 2010): 1229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910023256.

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In this paper, dependence of active nucleation site density on boiling surfaces are developed. For pool boiling heat transfer, a mathematical model is derived based on statistical treatment using the probability density function of the cavity mouth radius and existing correlation for active nucleation site density, the volume of single bubble at departure, the bubble departure diameter and the bubble departure frequency. The proposed model is expressed as a function of wall superheat, the contact angle, maximum and minimum active cavities, and physical properties of fluid. It is shown that the wall heat flux can be determined by the consideration of the variation of the cavity mouth radius. A good agreement between the proposed model predictions and experimental data is found for different contact angles. It also turns out that the present model explains well the mechanism on how wettability affects the pool boiling.
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33

Earle, Craig C., Yves Chretien, Carl Morris, John Z. Ayanian, Nancy L. Keating, Linnea A. Polgreen, Robert Wallace, Patricia A. Ganz, and Jane C. Weeks. "Employment Among Survivors of Lung Cancer and Colorectal Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 10 (April 1, 2010): 1700–1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.24.7411.

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Purpose To identify the frequency of and factors associated with changes in employment among cancer survivors. Methods This prospective cohort study took place in the context of the population-based Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. Patients with nonmetastatic lung or colorectal cancer who survived approximately 15 months after diagnosis without cancer recurrence provided their self-reported employment status, employment experiences, and changes in insurance coverage at 4 and 15 months after diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression was used to relate sociodemographic and disease factors to the probability of labor force departure. Results Among 2,422 eligible patients, employment declined from 3% to 31% over the 15 months after cancer was diagnosed. Labor force departures attributable to cancer occurred in 17% of those employed at baseline. Factors associated with significantly higher rates of labor force departure were lung versus colon cancer, stage III versus I or II disease, lower educational and income levels, and, among colorectal patients, older age. Married women were significantly more likely than unmarried women to leave the workforce. Only 2% of patients lacked health insurance during the study period. Conclusion Most employed patients with nonmetastatic lung or colorectal cancer return to work, but approximately one sixth of patients leave the workforce, particularly those with worse prognoses or lower socioeconomic status. Potential economic effects must be considered in management decisions about cancer.
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34

Zou, Qingru, Xiangming Yao, Peng Zhao, Zijia Wang, and Taoyuan Yang. "Measuring Retiming Responses of Passengers to a Prepeak Discount Fare by Tracing Smart Card Data: A Practical Experiment in the Beijing Subway." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (June 4, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6873912.

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Understanding passengers’ responses to fare changes is the basis to design reasonable price policies. This work aims to explore retiming responses of travelers changing departure times due to a prepeak discount pricing strategy in the Beijing subway in China, using smart card records from an automatic fare collection (AFC) system. First, a new set of classification indicators is established to segment passengers through a two-step clustering approach. Then, the potentially influenced passengers for the fare policy are identified, and the shifted passengers who changed their departure time are detected by tracing changes in passengers’ expected departure times before and after the policy. Lastly, the fare elasticity of departure time is defined to measure the retiming responses of passengers. Two scenarios are studied of one month (short term) and six months (middle term) after the policy. The retiming elasticity of different passenger groups, retiming elasticity over time, and retiming elasticity functions of shifted time are measured. The results show that there are considerable differences in the retiming elasticities of different passenger groups; low-frequency passengers are more sensitive to discount fares than high-frequency passengers. The retiming elasticity decreases greatly with increasing shifted time, and 30 minutes is almost the maximum acceptable shifted time for passengers. Moreover, the retiming elasticity of passengers in the middle term is approximately twice that in the short term. Applications of fare optimization are also executed, and the results suggest that optimizing the valid time window of the discount fares is a feasible way to improve the congestion relief effect of the policy, while policy makers should be cautious to change fare structures and increase discounts.
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GONZAGA-LOPEZ, Carlos, Florian Michael BUCHMANN, Henrik EKSTRAND, Andreas LINNÉR, and Philipp Daniel SCHAAD. "Emulation of Radius-to-Fix legs in Departure Routes via Fly-By Turns." INCAS BULLETIN 11, no. 4 (December 8, 2019): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2019.11.4.9.

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The results of a preliminary study on the emulation of radius-to-fix legs in turning departures by means of standard track-to-fix legs are presented in this technical note. While radius-to-fix equipage rates keep gradually increasing over time, a traffic mix containing aircraft with and without this navigation capability can impede an optimal management of the traffic flows whenever precise and repeatable curved flight paths are required. After test-flying various sequences of track-to-fix segments to emulate a reference constant-radius arc in a typical departure environment, the deviations to the desired flight path and the flyability aspects were assessed. The first results for a given scenario and aircraft type show an adequate path conformance for a navigation specification RNAV/RNP 1 within a certain range of aircraft performances and weather conditions. However, the reduced predictability of the roll steering when transitioning between track-to-fix segments and the high frequency in the oscillations of the bank angle may pose a problem to flight crews and passengers, respectively.
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Zhang, Qun, Hua Sheng Xu, Yue Wu, Shun Li Sun, Dong Bo Yan, and Tao Gui. "Estimation on LTO Cycle Emissions from Aircrafts at Civil Airports." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.34.

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A calculation method on pollutant emission inventory is established based on the standard LTO cycle of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by analyzing the factors influencing aircraft engine emissions at civil aviation airports. For a certain airport in China, the emissions of HC, CO, NOx and SO2per hour for a whole day from the aircraft engines are calculated, and the variations of various pollutant emissions with time are analyzed based on the air traffic data, the civil aviation fleet composition, the flight detailed take-off and landing information at the airport, and ICAO engine emission data bank. It’s found that the variations of the pollutant emissions with time are different, in which, the emissions of HC and CO are significantly influenced by the frequency of flight arrival at airport, however, the emission of NOx is influenced by the frequency of flight departure from airport greatly, and the emission of SO2is influenced by the total frequency of flight arrival at and departure from airport comprehensively. For solving the problem of local high-emission time, some solutions are suggested, such as equipping aircrafts with low-emission engines or optimizing the flight schedule.
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37

Kusano, Kristofer D., and Hampton C. Gabler. "Characterization of Opposite-Direction Road Departure Crashes in the United States." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2377, no. 1 (January 2013): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2377-02.

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Opposite-direction crashes can be extremely severe because opposing vehicles often have high relative speeds. The objective of this study was to characterize the overall frequency of opposite-direction crashes as well as the frequency of crashes involving fatalities and serious injuries. The results of the study will guide future research and investment in infrastructure-based countermeasures to opposite-direction crashes, such as centerline rumble strips. The study used data from the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) General Estimates System for 2010, the NASS Crashworthiness Data System for 2006 to 2010, and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 2010. The most common opposite-direction crash scenario was a driver departing the road driving over the centerline or the road edge to the left, which accounted for only 5% of nonjunction vehicle-to-vehicle crashes but 44% of serious injury and 49% of fatal crashes of the same type. Of the cross-over-to-left crashes, 72% of fatal crashes occurred on rural, undivided, two-lane roads and accounted for 1,659 fatal crashes in 2010. In cross-over-to-left crashes on rural two-lane roads, the driver was going straight or negotiating a curve in 88% to 94% of the crashes. The driver was overtaking another vehicle in only 2% of serious injury crashes and 6% of fatal crashes. Cross-over-to-left crashes on curves were to the outside of the curve more often than to the inside of the curve. This research suggests that countermeasures to opposite-direction crashes should focus on rural two-lane roads.
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Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi, Mohammad, Milad Ghasemi, Rezvan Alamian, Somchai Wongwises, Masoud Afrand, and Mostafa Shadloo. "Modeling of Subcooled Flow Boiling with Nanoparticles under the Influence of a Magnetic Field." Symmetry 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101275.

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Subcooled flow boiling is one of the major issues in the nuclear and power generation industries. If the fluid inlet temperature in the boiling area is less than the boiling temperature, the boiling process is called subcooled boiling. The symmetry of a physical system is a constant property of the system and is fixed by deformation. Using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces and broken symmetry induced by nanosized particles, fluid and thermal systems can be more controlled. In this study, the effect of a magnetic field and nanoparticles on subcooled flow boiling in a vertical tube was investigated. For this purpose, a one-dimensional numerical code was used to simulate the flow and variations of various parameters that have been investigated and evaluated. The results showed that as the flow entered the heated area, the vapor volume fraction, Froude number, fluid cross-sectional area forces, mixture velocity, fluid velocity, bubble departure diameter, liquid and vapor Reynolds numbers, squared ratio of the Froude number to the Weber number, and fluid cross-sectional area forces coefficient increased. In the same region, the Eötvös number, root mean square (RMS) of the fluid cross-sectional area force, sound velocity, liquid superficial velocity, critical tube diameter, bubble departure frequency, and density of the active nucleation site were reduced. It was also observed that after the heated area and under the influence of the magnetic field and the nanoparticles, the values of the vapor volume fraction, Froude number, fluid cross-sectional area force, mixture velocity, fluid velocity, vapor, liquid Reynolds number, and squared ratio of the Froude number to the Weber number were decreased. Moreover, there was no significant effect on the Eötvös number, liquid superficial velocity, Taylor bubble Sauter mean diameter, bubble departure diameter, critical tube diameter, bubble departure frequency, or density of the active nucleation site.
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39

Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi, Mohammad Yaghoub. "Electromagnetohydrodynamic two-phase flow-induced vibrations in vertical heated upward flow." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, no. 1 (June 2, 2018): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2018.01.005.

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Abstract In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to determine the effect of electro-magneto-hydro-dynamic forces on steady-state fluid-induced vibrations of vapor and liquid water flow in a heated vertical channel. The two-phase flow model used in this study includes continuity, non-homogeneous Navier-Stokes, non-equilibrium temperature balance with an approximation of spherical harmonics method (P-1 model) for thermal radiation at low-pressure condition close to saturation (1–2 bars). Governing equations are solved by finite volume method. The result of the code is validated with the various experimental data's accessible in previous works. Then the code is used to estimate the effects of Lorentz forces on two-phase flow-induced vibrations. As shown, the fluid-induced vibrations increase with the increase of electro-magneto-hydrodynamic forces. As shown by the increase of Lorentz force, the fluid impact, cross-sectional, water-hammer forces, the frequency of two-phase fluctuations and peak velocities are controlled while the root-mean-square fluid force increased. Furthermore, the result has shown that the Lorentz force has not influenced the bubble departure frequency, surface tension force, and density of active nucleation site, bubble departure diameter, sound velocity, and the liquid superficial velocity. Highlights EMHD effects on two phase flow induced vibrations in a vertical channel is performed. Lorentz force controls water-hammer impact and velocities but RMS force increases. Bubble departure, nucleation, and superficial velocity unaffected by Lorentz force.
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40

He, Yichuan, Chengzhi Hu, Hongyang Li, Xianfeng Hu, and Dawei Tang. "Reliable predictions of bubble departure frequency in subcooled flow boiling: A machine learning-based approach." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 195 (October 2022): 123217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123217.

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41

Saha, Avik, and Arup Kumar Das. "Bubble dynamics in concentric multi-orifice column under normal and reduced gravity." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (April 2022): 042113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086740.

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A bubble column with concentrically arranged orifices has been numerically simulated in this article. Bubble growth, departure, and rise have been studied stage-wise to understand the effect of the neighboring orifice and bubbles on these phenomena. A dissimilar inflow condition through the orifices has also been applied in simulations to make out the effect of asymmetric interfacial interaction on the overall performance of the bubble column. Furthermore, the effect of reduced gravity on the bubble departure volume, frequency, and interaction has also been analyzed. A new scheme of the intermittent inflow has been proposed to reduce the bubble size and improve the bubble column performance. An effort has also been made to analytically predict the minimum bubble size from the basic understanding of the departure mechanism for both continuous and intermittent flow conditions. For further improvement of the bubble column performance, the effect of inflow velocity and on time for intermittent flow has been studied, and the rationale of making the right choice of those parameters has been discussed.
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42

Xue, Qiuchi, Xin Yang, Jianjun Wu, Huijun Sun, Haodong Yin, and Yunchao Qu. "Urban Rail Timetable Optimization to Improve Operational Efficiency with Flexible Routing Plans: A Nonlinear Integer Programming Model." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133701.

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At present, most urban rail transit systems adopt an operation mode with a single long routing. The departure frequency is determined by the maximum section passenger flow. However, when the passenger flow varies greatly within different sections, this mode will lead to a low load factor in some sections, resulting in a waste of capacity. In view of this situation, this paper develops a nonlinear integer programming model to determine an optimal timetable with a balanced scheduling mode, where the wasted capacity at a constant departure frequency can be reduced with a slight increase in passenger waiting time. Then, we simplify the original model into a single-objective integer optimization model through normalization. A genetic algorithm is designed to find the optimal solution. Finally, a numerical example is presented based on real-world passenger and operation data from Beijing Metro Line 4. The results show that the double-routing optimization model can reduce wasted capacity by 9.5%, with a 4.5% increase in passenger waiting time, which illustrates the effectiveness of this optimization model.
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43

Liu, Yong, Tianfu Zhou, Yemin Hu, Hailin Zhao, Zeying Zhu, Xiang Liu, Bili Ling, Ruijie Zhou, and Tao Zhang. "Intense intermittent radiation at the plasma frequency on EAST." EPJ Web of Conferences 203 (2019): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920303009.

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Intense intermittent radiation has been observed regularly in EAST by using a Michelson interfer-ometer and a Q-band radiometer system. The radiation bursts are related to a fast process with characterization time of a few microseconds. An electron density window exists for the occurrence of the bursts, and the upper electron density threshold is dependent of the toroidal magnetic field. The frequency of the emission f is at the plasma frequency, and the frequency bandwidth Δ f is very narrow (∼1.5 MHz FWHM, Δ f / f ∼ 3 × 10−5). Fine structure of the spectrum with multi-peaks have been observed, and the frequency interval is around 3 MHz. Numerical simulation results of cavity modes indicate that the frequencies of these modes are close to the central plasma frequency, and the departure from the central plasma frequency becomes larger for higher order modes.
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44

Hafezi, Mohammad Hesam, and Amiruddin Ismail. "Balancing between Headway and Frequency Scheduling for Bus Service." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.669.

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Bus networks occupy less space in city streets, and compared to other kinds of public transportation, need less investment cost. An accurate bus operation schedule which considers actual arriving and departure time is essential for bus companies, due to high passenger demand. In real-world cases, there are daily differences in the frequency of bus dispatch from the terminal, and headway of buses between each bus bay along their route, depending on peak hour traffic and resulting congestion. In this research we studied effective parameters for preparation of proper bus operation scheduling. Measures are essential to ensure that buses receive priority over other traffic, if they are to be attractive to passengers. Finally, we suggest some solutions for lessening interval time in headway and frequency scheduling for bus services. Data obtained from an actual bus operation in the city of Tehran in Iran was used in this study.
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45

Hamilton, Ian, Scott Himes, R. J. Porter, and Eric Donnell. "Safety Evaluation of Horizontal Alignment Design Consistency on Rural Two-Lane Highways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (February 2019): 628–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119829414.

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Design consistency in the context of highway and street design refers to the conformance of highway geometry to driver expectancy. Existing design policies provide guidance related to horizontal alignment design consistency. While design consistency has safety implications and is intuitively linked to roadway departure crashes, the authors are only aware of a few studies that sought to link measures of design consistency to safety performance. This study explores relationships between alternative measures of horizontal alignment design consistency and the expected number of roadway departure crashes along horizontal curves on rural, two-lane, two-way roads. The authors analyzed 854 horizontal curves on rural two-lane highways in Indiana and Pennsylvania using data obtained from the SHRP 2 Roadway Information Database (RID) 2.0. Relationships between measures of design consistency and the expected number of roadway departure crashes were explored using a negative binomial regression modeling approach. The results indicate a relationship between the frequency of roadway departure crashes on a study curve and the radii of upstream and downstream curves. The ratio of the length of upstream and downstream tangents relative to a study curve radius was also statistically significant in Pennsylvania. Such findings are intuitive given the concept of design consistency and represent an advancement to existing predictive methods in the AASHTO Highway Safety Manual, which estimate the expected number of crashes on a segment as a function of the characteristics of only that segment.
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46

Huang, Zhi, Yiwan Wu, and Jian Liu. "Research on effects of pattern, amplitude and frequency of pulse steering torque warnings for lane departure." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 31 (May 2015): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.03.008.

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47

Kolthammer, J. E., J. Rudge, B. C. Choi, and Y. K. Hong. "Modified High Frequency Radial Spin Wave Mode Spectrum in a Chirality-Controlled Nanopillar." SPIN 06, no. 03 (September 2016): 1650008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324716500089.

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Circular magnetic spin valve nanopillars in a dual vortex configuration have dynamic characteristics strongly dependent on the interlayer dipole coupling. We report here on frequency domain properties of such nanopillars obtained by micromagnetic simulations. After the free layer is chirality switched with spin transfer torque, a radial spin wave eigenmode spectrum forms in the free layer with unusually large edge amplitude. The structure of these modes indicate a departure from the magnetostatic processes typically observed experimentally and treated analytically in low aspect ratio isolated disks. Our findings give new details of dynamic chirality control and relxation in nanopillars and raise potential signatures for experiments.
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48

McSweeney, Samuel J., N. D. Ramesh Bhat, Steven E. Tremblay, and Avinash A. Deshpande. "Phase shifts in multi-frequency observations of the drift bands of J0034-0721." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S337 (September 2017): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317008420.

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AbstractWe observed single pulses from PSR J0034-0721 (B0031-07) simultaneously at the MWA (185 MHz) and the GMRT (610 MHz). Correlation analyses reveal that the phase difference of the average profiles at the two frequencies differs from the phase difference observed between individual subpulses, indicating that the individual emission columns above the pulsar’s rotating carousel of sparks do not evolve in frequency in the same way that the global magnetosphere does. This hints at a possible departure from the dipolar field geometry in this pulsar’s emission region. Moreover, the discrepancy depends on the drift mode, suggestive of a way to constrain the emission heights associated with each drift mode.
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49

Stojanovic, Andrijana, Srdjan Belosevic, Nenad Crnomarkovic, Ivan Tomanovic, and Aleksandar Milicevic. "Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer: Review of models and bubble dynamics parameters." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200111069s.

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Understanding nucleate pool boiling heat transfer and, in particular the accurate prediction of conditions that can lead to critical heat flux, is of the utmost importance in many industries. Due to the safety issues related to the nuclear power plants, and for the efficient operation of many heat transfer units including fossil fuel boilers, fusion reactors, electronic chips, etc., it is important to understand this kind of heat transfer. In this paper, a comprehensive review of analytical and numerical work on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer is presented. In order to understand this phenomenon, existing studies on boiling heat transfer coefficient and boiling heat flux are also discussed, as well as characteristics of boiling phenomena such as bubble departure diameter, bubble departure frequency, active nucleation site density, bubble waiting and growth period and their impact on pool boiling heat transfer.
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50

Bandeira, Michelle, and Anderson Correia. "QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROFILE OF DEPARTING PASSENGERS AND THEIR PERCEPTION OF THE AIRPORT TERMINAL." Journal of Air Transport Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 78–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v3i1.97.

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The opinion of passengers on the degree of importance of the components is required in order to prioritize services. A low service level can, besides causing inconvenience for terminal users, increase the waste of resources and increase costs if there is no adequate planning. Hence, outlining passenger profiles at the airport is relevant to strategic planning of airport activity management. It is believed that individual characteristics could influence opinion on the degree of importance or about the quality of airport services. This article shows that the check-in and the departure lounge were considered the most important areas in the airport terminal by passengers. Finally it was noted that the age and reason for travel influenced the passengers’ perception about the check-in area and the frequency of flying influenced the perception of the departure lounge.
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