Journal articles on the topic 'Dentin bonding adhesive system'
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Kakar, Surbhi, and Rohit Nagar. "Dentin Bonding Agents-II Recent Trials." World Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 1 (2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1140.
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ABSTRACT Most modern adhesive systems are superior to their predecessors, especially in terms of retention that is no longer the main cause of premature clinical failure. Recent adhesives also appear less sensitive to substrate and other clinical covariables. Various recent trials have been conducted on various issues like the antibacterial properties of self-ethching dental adhesive system (which are effective against bacteria that invade through microleakage at the resin dentin interphase), shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin, using newer dentin bonding agents, nanoleakege expression in bonded dentin and next generation bonding agents. This paper gives the insight to the various recent trials on dental adhesive systems. How to cite this article Kakar S, Goswami M, Nagar R. Dentin Bonding Agents-II Recent Trials. World J Dent 2012;3(1): 115-118.
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Brkanović, Sandra, Eva Klarić Sever, Josipa Vukelja, Anja Ivica, Ivana Miletić, and Silvana Jukić Krmek. "Comparison of Different Universal Adhesive Systems on Dentin Bond Strength." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041530.
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Over the past few decades, adhesive dentistry has advanced significantly. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this novel technique advocates a more conservative cavity design that relies on the efficiency of present enamel-dentine adhesives. The study aimed to address the scientific deficit in understanding the long-term bonding performance of universal adhesives and to provide a new clinical solution with desirable bond strength to dentin. The dentin bond strength of three bonding agents, G2-Bond Universal (GC), Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), and Scotchbond Universal Plus (3M ESPE), was evaluated following various storage and etching modes. The UltraTester (Ultradent) bond strength testing machine was used to assess shear bond strength. The results showed that thermal cycling and the choice of adhesive system significantly affected the shear bond strength (p = 0.018 and p = 0.001, respectively). Among the three adhesives, Scotchbond Universal Plus had the lowest bond strength value (mean value = 24.78 MPa), while G2-Bond Universal was found to have desirable shear bond strength to dentin compared to the other adhesives, even after one year in the oral environment (mean value = 35.15 MPa). These findings imply that the HEMA-free universal adhesive G2-Bond Universal is the most effective universal adhesive for clinical practices, particularly when applied in the self-etch mode.
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Dutra, Daniel JB, Natalia TT Branco, Hugo H. Alvim, Cláudia S. Magalhães, Ricardo R. Oliveira, and Allyson N. Moreira. "Bond strength of two universal adhesive systems to human dentin using different strategies." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 35, no. 3 (December 19, 2022): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.35/3/155.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin of two universal adhesive systems: Single Bond Universal (SBU) and Ambar Universal (AU), used in different adhesion strategies. Materials and Method: Thirty-six human teeth were prepared (n=6) and treated following different adhesive strategies: G1: SBU-etch-and-rinse, applied on dry dentin; G2: SBUetch- and-rinse, applied on moist dentin; G3: SBU-self-etching; G4: AU-etch-and-rinse, applied on dry dentin; G5: AU-etch-and-rinse, applied on moist dentin; G6: AU-self-etching. The specimens were submitted to μTBS test, failure analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (p <0.05). Results: Microtensile bond strength was significantly lower in G1 than G2 and G3. AU adhesive performed worse than the SBU system, except in G5. Cohesive and mixed failures predominated in G1 and G2, while adhesive failures predominated in G3 and G5. Conclusions: Universal adhesives are an interesting innovation, but there are still doubts about their performance, mainly regarding the different protocols provided by the manufacturers. The conventional adhesive strategy on moist dentin demonstrated higher μTBS for both adhesives. The use of the selfetching strategy with the SBU showed promising results. Keywords: dental bonding - dentin - adhesives
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Fernandes Pegado, Rafael Eduardo, Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, Flávia Martão Flório, and Roberta Tarkany Basting. "Effect of Different Bonding Strategies on Adhesion to Deep and Superficial Permanent Dentin." European Journal of Dentistry 04, no. 02 (April 2010): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697818.
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Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different bonding strategies on the microtensile bond strength to deep and superficial permanent dentin.Methods: Forty-eight teeth were randomly flattened according to the dentin depth: superficial dentin (SD) and deep dentin (DD). Subsequently, three adhesive systems were applied (n=8): an etchand- rinse (Adper Single Bond 2 - SB), a “mild” two-step self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond - SE) and a one-step self-etching adhesive system (Futurabond – FB). Each specimen was restored with a composite resin and sectioned into 1.0-mm2 thick slabs. After 24 hours, resin-dentin sticks were submitted to tensile stress in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test at a level of 0.05%.Results: Superficial dentin showed the highest microtensile bond strength values, which differed statistically from those obtained in the deep dentin, irrespective of the adhesive system used. FB yielded the highest bond strength values, which were statistically similar to the bond strength values of SE, but statistically different from those obtained when the SB adhesive was used.Conclusions: Bond strength obtained in superficial dentin was significantly higher than in deep dentin, for all adhesive systems tested. Adhesion was affected by the different bonding strategies: the one-step, low pH, acetone-based self-etching adhesive promoted the higher bond strength values, which were statistically similar to those obtained with the two-step, water-based self-etching adhesive. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:110-117)
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Sami, Omnia M., Essam A. Naguib, Rasha H. Afifi, and Shaymaa M. Nagi. "Effect of Different Adhesion Protocols on the Shear Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive Systems to Sound and Artificial Caries-Affected Dentin." European Journal of General Dentistry 10, no. 01 (January 2021): 030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732776.
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Abstract Objective Bonding to different dentin substrates influences resin composite restoration outcomes. This study investigated the influence of different adhesion protocols on the shear bond strength of universal adhesive systems to sound and artificial caries-affected dentin (CAD). Materials and Methods Occlusal enamel of 80 premolars were wet grinded to obtain flat midcoronal dentin. Specimens were equally divided according to the substrate condition: sound and CAD by subjecting to pH-cycling for 14 days. Each dentin substrate was bonded with the adhesive systems used in this study: Single Bond universal adhesive or Prime&Bond universal (applied either in etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesion protocol). Adhesive systems were utilized according to manufacturers’ instructions, then resin composite was built up. Specimens were tested for shear bond strength. The data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance, and failure modes were determined using stereomicroscope. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two tested adhesive systems on artificially created CAD with different adhesion protocols. On sound dentin, Single Bond universal, either in the etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesion protocols, revealed higher statistically significant shear bond strength mean values compared with CAD. Conclusion Single Bond universal adhesive in an etch-and-rinse adhesion protocol improved only bonding to sound dentin, while no added positive effect for the etching step with Prime&Bond universal adhesive was found when bonded to both sound and CAD substrates. The influence of CAD on the performance of the universal adhesives was material-dependent.
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Bettiol, Henrique EG, Waldemir F. Vieira-Junior, Fabiana MG França, Flávia LB Amaral, and Roberta T. Basting. "Bonding strategy of a universal adhesive system containing chitosan: influence on dentin permeability, and effect on adhesive layer micromorphology." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 35, no. 3 (December 19, 2022): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.35/3/206.
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Aim: This study evaluated the influence of chitosan added to a universal adhesive system used in totaletch (TE) or self-etch (SE) mode on dentin permeability, and on the micromorphology of the adhesive layer. Materials and Method: Dentin discs were obtained from human third molars and randomly distributed according to bonding strategy (TE or SE), and to whether or not 1% chitosan (C) was added to a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal/3M ESPE), to create the following groups (n=10): TE, TEC, SE, and SEC. Dentin permeability was measured at baseline and after application of dentin treatments. The surface of the adhesive layer (AL) and the dentin adjacent to the AL were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Results: There were no significant differences in permeability percentage between the groups with and without C (TE and SE versus TEC and SEC) (p>0.05; Mann Whitney test). Dentin permeability was lower when the adhesive system was applied in the SE mode, regardless of the addition of C. The micromorphology of the AL surface showed irregularities, and a greater degree of porosity, when the adhesive system was applied in the SE mode, regardless of chitosan addition. There was a greater depth of penetration of the adhesives into the dentin adjacent to the AL in both the TE and TEC groups. Chitosan added to the adhesive system did not influence dentin permeability. Conclusions: The self-etch strategy led to lower dentin permeability, and to more irregularities on the surface of the adhesive layer. Keywords: adhesive system - chitosan - dentin permeability - scanning electron microscopy
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Zivkovic, Slavoljub, Mila Kolar, Larisa Blazic, Mirjana Vucetic, and Goran Tosic. "Smear layer on dentin in restorative dentistry." Serbian Dental Journal 51, no. 4 (2004): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0404169z.
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Adhesion to enamel has become a routine technique in restorative dentistry. Adhesion to dentin, however, is still under investigation. Except structural elements of the dentin, smear layer has been one of the reasons that the interaction between the adhesive system and this tissue is difficult. The smear layer tissue created by cutting a tooth. It varies in thickness, roughness, density and degree of attachment andoccludes tubules and reduces the dental permeabilita. Dentin adhesivesystems can react with intertubular and peritubular dentin only when this smear layer is removed or when the adhesive system is capable of diffusion through layer of debris. As part of restorative procedures required by adhesive dentistry, the smear layer must be removed, modified or impregnated by the resin to allow for bonding between the tooth and the restorative material. For remove and dissolve of smear layer acid conditioners on total etch and self-etching primers were used. Self-etching primer systems are undergoing rapid evolution; their results are not yet sufficiently predictable overall, but some systems have achieved positive results in both enamel and dentin bonding. Further studies are necessary to confirm the long-term efficiency of these self-etching primers.
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Li, J., B. Chen, N. Hong, S. Wu, and Y. Li. "Effect of Baicalein on Matrix Metalloproteinases and Durability of Resin-Dentin Bonding." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-097-l.
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SUMMARY Objective: In an attempt to increase resin-dentin bonding quality, this study used baicalein as a preconditioner in an etch-and-rinse adhesive to evaluate its effect on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adhesive durability. Methods: As a MMP inhibitor and potential collagen cross-linking agent, baicalein was used as a preconditioner in an etch-and-rinse adhesive system. The degree of conversion was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. EnzChek gelatinase/collagenase assay kits were then used to detect the MMP inhibitory effect of different concentrations of baicalein (0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/mL) on dentin powders. During in vitro bonding procedures, flat dentin surfaces on sound third molars were preconditioned with 2.5 μg/mL baicalein after being acid-etched; this step was followed by continuation of adhesive processes and build-up of resin composite. After resin-dentin stick preparation, bonding strength, failure mode, and interface nanoleakage were respectively evaluated via microtensile testing, stereomicroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy either immediately or after storage in artificial saliva for three or six months. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: Baicalein at a concentration of 0-5.0 μg/mL did not influence the conversion of adhesives. However, it inhibited the activities of dentin-bond gelatinase and collagenase, especially at a concentration of 2.5 μg/mL, while effectively increasing microtensile bonding strength and decreasing nanoleakage in vitro, both immediately and after aging. Conclusions: Baicalein used as preconditioner in an etch-and-rinse adhesive system has an anti-MMP function and effectively improves resin-dentin bonding durability in vitro, which has potential value in clinical bonding procedures.
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Koliniotou-Koumpia, Eugenia, Pantelis Kouros, Lazaros Zafiriadis, Effimia Koumpia, Pavlos Dionysopoulos, and Vassilis Karagiannis. "Bonding of adhesives to Er:YAG laser-treated dentin." European Journal of Dentistry 06, no. 01 (January 2012): 016–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698926.
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ABSTRACTObjective: The shear bond strength of adhesives applied to dentin was investigated after irradiation with an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser.Methods: Superficial and deep dentin specimens from human molars were treated either with carbide bur or an Er:YAG laser. Two etch and rinse adhesives (Single Bond and XP Bond) and two self-etch adhesives (Prompt L-Pop and Xeno III) were employed to bond the composite. Shear bond strength (SBS) was determined after storage in water for 24 h using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Failure patterns and modes were analyzed and evaluated using a stereomicroscope. In addition, samples were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM evaluation. A linear mixed model was used, and pairwise comparisons were made using the Bonferroni test.Results: Results showed significant differences between the levels of dentin treatment (p=.01) in carbide bur-cut dentin and lased dentin, as well as significant interaction effects due to the depth of dentin and the bonding system used. The etch and rinse adhesives bonded less effectively with lased dentin than with carbide bur-cut dentin, while self-etch adhesives bonded equally well with lased and bur-cut superficial dentin but much less effectively with lased deep dentin than with bur-cut deep dentin. SEM revealed a predominantly adhesive failure mode in laser-ablated fractured specimens, while a mixed failure mode was apparent in the bur-cut fractured specimens.Conclusions: Cavities prepared by laser seem less receptive to adhesive procedures than conventional bur-cut cavities. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:16-23)
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Marimoto, AK, LA Cunha, KCK Yui, MFRL Huhtala, DC Barcellos, A. Prakki, and SEP Gonçalves. "Influence of Nd:YAG Laser on the Bond Strength of Self-etching and Conventional Adhesive Systems to Dental Hard Tissues." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 4 (June 1, 2013): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/11-383-l.
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SUMMARY Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Nd:YAG laser on the shear bond strength to enamel and dentin of total and self-etch adhesives when the laser was applied over the adhesives, before they were photopolymerized, in an attempt to create a new bonding layer by dentin-adhesive melting. Material and Methods One-hundred twenty bovine incisors were ground to obtain flat surfaces. Specimens were divided into two substrate groups (n=60): substrate E (enamel) and substrate D (dentin). Each substrate group was subdivided into four groups (n=15), according to the surface treatment accomplished: X (Xeno III self-etching adhesive, control), XL (Xeno III + laser Nd:YAG irradiation at 140 mJ/10 Hz for 60 seconds + photopolymerization, experimental), S (acid etching + Single Bond conventional adhesive, Control), and SL (acid etching + Single Bond + laser Nd:YAG at 140 mJ/10 Hz for 60 seconds + photopolymerization, experimental). The bonding area was delimited with 3-mm-diameter adhesive tape for the bonding procedures. Cylinders of composite were fabricated on the bonding area using a Teflon matrix. The teeth were stored in water at 37°C/48 h and submitted to shear testing at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. Results were analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; substrate, adhesive, and treatment) and Tukey tests (α=0.05). ANOVA revealed significant differences for the substrate, adhesive system, and type of treatment: lased or unlased (p<0.05). The mean shear bond strength values (MPa) for the enamel groups were X=20.2 ± 5.61, XL=23.6 ± 4.92, S=20.8 ± 4.55, SL=22.1 ± 5.14 and for the dentin groups were X=14.1 ± 7.51, XL=22.2 ± 6.45, S=11.2 ± 5.77, SL=15.9 ± 3.61. For dentin, Xeno III self-etch adhesive showed significantly higher shear bond strength compared with Single Bond total-etch adhesive; Nd:YAG laser irradiation showed significantly higher shear bond strength compared with control (unlased). Conclusion Nd:YAG laser application prior to photopolymerization of adhesive systems significantly increased the bond strength to dentin.
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Luo, Aoxiang, Yao Yao, Li Zhang, and Yuejing Chen. "Influence of different but compatible all-ceramic materials and bonding systems on dentin bonding properties." Materials Express 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1885.
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of various compatible all-ceramic materials and bonding systems, on the bonding properties of dentin. Five types of commonly used all-ceramic materials (Cerec Blocs, IPS e. max Press, IPS e. max ZirCAD, Incoris Alumina, In-Ceram Alumina) were bonded with three types of adhesives (Multilink N, Variolink N, Relyx Unicem) for nuclear porcelain tile preparation. We evaluated the polymerization conversion rates, shear bonding strength (SBS), and micro-tensile bond strength (TBS) for each combination. The polymerization conversion rates, SBS and TBS differed significantly for all 3 adhesives with each all-ceramic group (P < 0.05). The Relyx Unicem agent had higher adhesive properties compared with the Variolink N and Multilink N agents (P < 0.05). The polymerization conversion rate, SBS and TBS of the five all-ceramic materials differed significantly with each adhesive (P < 0.05). The Cerec Blocs had the highest adhesive performance (P < 0.05). The polymerization conversion rate of adhesives differed with each all-ceramic material, while the dentin bonding strength differed with each all-ceramic material and adhesive. Clinically, all-ceramic materials with a high transparency and low refraction are recommended. For opaque all-ceramic restorations, the curing light time and polymerization reaction rate should be increased to improve the dentin bonding performance.
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Can-Karabulut, Deniz C., Firdevs Tulga Oz, Baris Karabulut, Inci Batmaz, and Ozlem Ilk. "Adhesion to Primary and Permanent Dentin and a Simple Model Approach." European Journal of Dentistry 03, no. 01 (January 2009): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697403.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: First to compare different dentin bonding agents’ shear bond strength to primary and permanent dentin. Secondly to compare the fracture failure modes and making an attempt to develop a statistical model that could be helpful in predicting them.Methods: Extracted human primary and permanent molars were used as substrates (dentin). The shear bond strength of composite to substrate was measured and fracture surfaces were evaluated visually and with stereomicroscope. Using the data obtained, a statistical model was built in order to predict the failure modes.Results: Higher bond strength values were obtained for permanent dentin. Total-etch adhesives displayed higher shear bond strength values than the self-etch adhesive. Adhesive failures were more frequently seen in primary dentin. Self-etch adhesive system displayed more adhesive failures. Prepared model confirmed the negative relationship between shear bond strength and the probability of observing adhesive failure.Conclusions: There should be an application protocol for the usage of dentin bonding agents in primary dentin. Further development of statistical and fuzzy models for failure modes can be supportive alternatives for microscopic evaluations and also be helpful in understanding and eliminating the factors which are responsible for the formation of adhesive failures and for achieving clinically more successful adhesive restorations. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:32-41)
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Miranda, Carla, Luiz Henrique Maykot Prates, Ricardo de Souza Vieira, and Maria Cristina Marino Calvo. "Shear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Systems to Primary Dentin and Enamel." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 31, no. 1 (September 1, 2007): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.31.1.2436up85l810667h.
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The aims of this study were to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of four adhesive systems applied to primary dentin and enamel and verify, after SBS testing, the failure mode of the adhesive interface. Sixty extracted sound primary molars were selected and crowns were sectioned in a mesial-distal direction. Specimens were randomly assigned into two groups (adhesion to enamel and adhesion to dentin) and then subdivided into four subgroups according to the adhesive system (n=15): Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP) – Single Bond (SB) – Clearfil SE Bond (and Adper Prompt LPop (APL) – SBS tests were performed and the obtained values were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The failure mode analysis was performed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (XL-30, Philips). SBS mean values on enamel were [MPa (SD)]: SMP – 27.89 (7.49); SB – 23.92 (8.8); CSB – 24.36 (6.69); APL – 25.96 (4.08); and on dentin: SMP – 17.29 (4.25); SB – 18.2 (8.74); CSB – 16.13 (7.14); APL – 6.04 (3.35). The predominant failure mode was cohesive (primarily of the bonding agent). On enamel SBS was statistically similar for all four adhesives. On dentin SBS of APL was lower than the other tested adhesives.
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Arrais, César Augusto Galvão, and Marcelo Giannini. "Morphology and thickness of the diffusion of resin through demineralized or unconditioned dentinal matrix." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 16, no. 2 (June 2002): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912002000200004.
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The formation of a hybrid layer is the main bonding mechanism of current dentin-bonding systems. This study evaluated the morphology and thickness of the resin-infiltrated dentinal layer after the application of adhesive systems. The dentin-bonding agents were evaluated on flat dentinal preparations confected on the occlusal surfaces of human teeth. The test specimens were prepared and inspected under scanning electron microscopy at a magnification of X 2,000. The adhesive systems were responsible for different hybrid layer thicknesses (p < 0.05), and the mean values were: for Scotchbond MP Plus (SM), 7.41 ± 1.24mum; for Single Bond (SB), 5.55 ± 0.82mum; for Etch & Prime 3.0 (EP), 3.86 ± 1.17mum; and for Clearfil SE Bond (CB), 1.22 ± 0.45mum. The results suggest that the conventional three-step adhesive system (SM) was responsible for the thickest hybrid layer, followed by the one-bottle adhesive (SB). The self-etching adhesives, EP and CB, produced the formation of the thinnest hybrid layers.
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Freitas, Tamiris Alacoque de Carvalho, Bruno Salles Sotto-Maior, Mariele Ferraz de Oliveira, Fabiana Cesar Costa, and Luciana Andrea Salvio. "Effect of cavity-cleaning agents on shear bond strength between self-etching adhesives and dentin." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 18 (April 8, 2019): e190886. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655149.
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Aim: The effect of cavity-cleaning agents on shear bonding strength between self-etching adhesives and dentin was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-five healthy human third molars were worn to obtain flat middle dentin. The samples were randomly divided into five groups according to the cleaning agent used: group CB not treated with any cavity disinfectants and served as control. Following groups, dentin surfaces were treated with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX group); 3% hydrogen peroxide (HP group); calcium hydroxide water (CH group); and 70% ethyl ethanol (E group). The dentin surfaces were cleaned by friction for 20 s and dentine bonding agent, Clearfil SE Bond, was applied. Cylinders (5.0 mm 1.2 mm, n = 19) of fluid composite resin were placed on the dentin surface, and the teeth were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 24 h. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to the shear bonding test, and the obtained values were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The failure pattern was analyzed descriptively by examining the specimens with a stereoscope at a magnification of 4, and failure was classified into adhesive, cohesive or mixed type. Results: Shear bonding was significantly lower in group HP (6.17 ± 5.69 MPa). The groups CB, CHX, CH and E were statiscally similar, 22.15 ± 6.54MPa; 18.40 ± 7.26MPa; 18.07 ± 5.98MPa ; 16.43 ± 6.19MPa respectively. The failure modes observed were only adhesive and mixed. Conclusion: The use of 2% chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide water, and 70% ethyl ethanol did not negatively affect bond strength. Only 3% hydrogen peroxide is contraindicated as a cavity cleaner in adhesive restorative procedures when self-etching system is used.
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Leite, Maria Luísa de Alencar e. Silva, Caroline de Farias Charamba, Renally Bezerra Wanderley e. Lima, Sônia Saeger Meireles, Rosângela Marques Duarte, and Ana Karina Maciel de Andrade. "Bond strength of universal adhesive applied to dry and wet dentin." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 19 (March 9, 2020): e201662. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658220.
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Aim: This study evaluated the influence of dentin wettability on the immediate and extended microtensile bond strength (mTBS) of a universal adhesive system used in the etch-and-rinse strategy. Methods: Twenty human third molars were selected and divided into four groups according to the adhesive system and dentin wettability. The mTBS values of each group were registered 24 h and one year after adhesive system application and resin composite block build-up (n=30). Data were analyzed by the t-test (p<0.05). Results: When both adhesive systems were compared, there was no statistically significant difference when they were applied following wet bonding (p>0.05). However, the dry bonding reduced μTBS values of the Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive (p<0.05). Regarding storage time, both groups presented similar μTBS values at 24 h and one year (p>0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, the Scotchbond Universal Adhesive can be applied to dry or wet dentin without compromising the etch-and-rinse bonding quality and the durability of the restorations.
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Clarissa Cabral Trinta, José Ferreira Costa, Rosana Costa Casanovas de Carvalho, Sandra Augusta de Moura Leite, Daniele Meira Conde, and Adriana Silva de Carvalho. "Effect of substrate and adhesive system type on composite resin restorations." RSBO 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v10i4.938.
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Although it is possible to obtain a reliable bond between enamel and composite resin, the ideal bonding method of composite resin to dentin still needs to be developed. Variables such as the type of adhesive system used and type of dentin substrate can influence on the adhesion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of composite resin restorations to human and bovine dentin using three adhesive systems. Material and methods: Fifteen human third molars sectioned into two halves and 30 bovine incisors were cut into blocks (4x4mm), embedded in acrylic resin and ground flat to expose the dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): group 1 – human dentin using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; group 2 – human dentin using Adper Single Bond 2; group 3 – human dentin using Adper Prompt L-Pop; group 4 – bovine dentin using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; group 5 – bovine dentin using Adper Single Bond 2; group 6 – bovine dentin using Adper Prompt L-Pop. After composite resin restoration procedure, the specimens were stored into distilled water for 24h at 37ºC and then submitted to the shear test using a universal testing machine. The failure patterns were examined microscopically and classified as adhesive, cohesive in resin, cohesive in dentin or both, and mixed. The ANOVA (two-way) and Tukey’s post hoc were used. Chi-square test for independence was used for analysis of failure mode. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: A significant difference in shear bond strength was observed among adhesive systems (p = 0.031), with higher values for one-bottle adhesive (8.87±2.72) and lower for self-etching (6.38±3.15), and between the two types of substrate (p = 0.018), with higher values for human dentin. However, there was no significant difference for the adhesive system/substrate interaction (p = 0.11). Adhesive failure was the predominant failure mode for all adhesive systems and for the two substrates. Conclusion: Shear bond strength was different between human and bovine substrates and for the adhesive system used.
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Matos, Adriana Bona, Cynthia Soares De Azevedo, Livia Tosi Trevelin, and Ana Cecília Correa Aranha. "Adhesion of a self-etching adhesive to caries-affected dentin treated with different methods for caries removal: a preliminary study." Brazilian Dental Science 19, no. 4 (November 29, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2016.v19i4.1285.
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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of a self-etching system to caries-affected dentin (CAD) and sound dentin (SD) after different caries removal techniques by using microtensile bond strength test (μTBS). <strong>Materials</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: Twenty-four extracted human molars with coronal carious lesions were used. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups, according to caries removal method: G1 - negative control (no removal); G2 abrasive disc; G3 – slow speed steel bur; G4 - Nd:YAG laser (energy density 21.2J/cm<sup>2</sup>); G5 - Er:YAG laser (energy density 80.24J/cm<sup>2</sup>). SD and CAD/ infected dentin substrates were tested. Self-etch system (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied and resin crowns were built up. <strong>Results</strong>: One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference between experimental groups (p<0.001), with significantly lower results for infected dentin (G1), when compared to all other experimental groups. A statistically significant higher bond strength value was observed for SD irradiated with Er:YAG laser when compared to CAD. For bur and Nd:YAG laser specimens, SD and CAD showed the same bonding performance. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: infected dentin is not an adequate substrate for bonding; Nd:YAG laser and steel burs showed the same bonding performance for both SD and CAD; while both dentins, when irradiated by Er:YAG laser, did not adequately interact with self-etching system resulting in poor adhesion.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Er:YAG laser; Nd:YAG laser; Infected dentin; Dentin.</p>
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Nagpal, R., N. Manuja, and IK Pandit. "Effect of Ethanol Wet Bonding Technique on the Durability of Resin- Dentin Bond with Contemporary Adhesive Systems." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 39, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.39.2.p14u4x3q14272452.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of ethanol wet bonding technique on the immediate and long term bond strength of simplified etch and rinse adhesive systems to dentin. Study Design: 96 extracted human permanent molars were ground to expose the flat dentin surface. The teeth were divided into four groups (n=24) according to the adhesives used, either Tetric N Bond or Solobond M and bonding techniques i.e. water wet bonding or ethanol wet bonding (EWB). Composite cylinder was bonded to each specimen using the respective adhesive technique. Ten samples from each group were then tested immediately for shear bond strength evaluation and two samples for SEM analysis. The remaining samples (12) were tested after 6 month storage in distilled water. Results: Upon immediate testing, there was no significant difference in the mean shear bond strength of the groups regardless of the bonding technique or adhesive used. The bond strength fell dramatically in the water wet bonded specimens after 6 months water storage, while the bond strength of both the adhesives was maintained when EWB technique was used. SEM observation revealed good interfacial adaptation in EWB groups even after six months. Conclusion: For both simplified etch and rinse adhesives used, ethanol wet bonding technique led to significant preservation of the resin dentin bond over 6 months.
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Kharouf, Naji, Ammar Eid, Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Youri Arntz, Hamdi Jmal, Federico Foschi, et al. "Antibacterial and Bonding Properties of Universal Adhesive Dental Polymers Doped with Pyrogallol." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101538.
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This study investigated the antibacterial activity, bond strength to dentin (SBS), and ultra-morphology of the polymer–dentin interface of experimental adhesive systems doped with pyrogallol (PY), which is a ubiquitous phenolic moiety that is present in flavonoids and polyphenols. A universal adhesive containing 4-META and 10-MDP was used in this study. PY behaves as an antioxidant and anti-cancerogenic agent and it was incorporated into the adhesive at different concentrations (0.5 and 1 wt.%). The antibacterial activity and SBS were analyzed and the results were statistically analyzed. The ultra-morphology of the polymer–dentin interface was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At 24 h, a lower antibacterial activity was observed for the control adhesive compared to those with 0.5% and 1% PY. No difference was seen in SBS between the three groups at 24 h. After 6 months, the SBS of the 0.5% PY adhesive was significantly lower than the other tested adhesives. The specimens created with 1% PY adhesive presented a higher bond strength at six months compared with that found at 24 h. No morphological differences were found at the polymer–dentin interfaces of the tested adhesives. Pyrogallol may be incorporated into modern universal adhesive systems to preserve the polymer–dentin bonding interface and confer a certain degree of antibacterial activity.
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Colceriu, Loredana, Sanda Cimpean, Codruta Nicola, Sorina Sava, Marcela Trif, Tinca Buruiana, Marioara Moldovan, et al. "Effect on Adhesion to Tooth Structure for some Experimental Dental Adhesive System." Key Engineering Materials 614 (June 2014): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.614.100.
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The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the microleakage at the dentin and enamel/composite interfaces of two adhesive systems. The adhesives are: a new-developed experimental adhesive systems and OptiBond FL (Kerr Corp.) The new adhesive system was prepared for the composite material as three steps adhesive (etchant, primer and bonding). The bonding resin contains the base monomer that was present in the corresponding composite material, HEMA and TEGDMA as diluents. Twenty box-type Class V standardized cavities were prepared on the facial and oral surfaces of each tooth, with coronal margins in enamel and apical margins in cementum (dentin). The preparations were restored with two restorative materials a new experimental microfilled resin composites based on Bis-GMA analogue and hybrid resin composite Herculite XRV Ultra (Kerr Corp.). The teeth were thermocycled and immersed in 2% methyl blue solution for 24 hours. The specimens were sectioned buccolingually into 3 slices and the resulted sections were examined using a stereomicroscope under 40x magnification. The extent of dye penetration was measured in a quantitative manner. This measurement was converted into percentage using the formula described by Sano et al.I=p/Lx100. These percentage values were submitted to variance analyses (ANOVA) andttest at a p<0.05 level of significance. Scanning electron microscopy was used in order to see the interface between tooth and composite restoration. Significantly less microleakage was associated with the use of OptiBond FL adhesive system at the enamel surface. Between the enamel and the dentin margins no significantly statistical differences were found just for the experimental adhesive system. This adhesive containing water and ethanol as solvent performed significantly better at the dentin margins.
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El Araby, Alaa Morsy, and Yousef F. Talic. "The Effect of Thermocycling on the Adhesion of Self-etching Adhesives on Dental Enamel and Dentin." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 8, no. 2 (2007): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-8-2-17.
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Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of one total-etch self-priming adhesive and two one-step self-etching adhesive systems on the adhesion of a resin composite to both dentin and enamel. The effect of thermocycling on the adhesion was also investigated. The null hypothesis tested was thermocycling would not affect bond strengths to enamel and dentin treated with self-etching adhesives or a total-etch adhesive. Methods and Materials Two single-step self-etching adhesives [Xeno III (XE3) and Prompt L-Pop (PP)] and one two-step total-etch adhesive system (Prime & Bond NT) (P&B NT) were used in this study. Thirty cariesfree unrestored human third molars were used to make specimens of enamel and dentin. Different adhesives were applied on enamel and dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions then hybrid composite restorative material was condensed on the surface using a mold. The bonded specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours before being tested. Half of the bonded specimens were tested for shear bond strength without thermocycling. The other half of the test specimens were thermocycled using a thermocycling apparatus in water baths held at 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of one minute each for 10,000 cycles prior to shear testing. The mean shear bond strength before and after thermocycling was calculated, and the results were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measure design to show the interaction between different materials and different times. Results The results showed shear bond strength on both enamel and dentin of the total-etch adhesive and the self-etching adhesives decreased after the specimens were subjected to thermocycling. Conclusions The null hypothesis tested “thermocycling would not affect bond strengths treated with selfetching adhesives” was rejected. Furthermore, the study revealed the following: The shear bond strength to both enamel and dentin of the total-etch adhesive and the self-etching adhesives decreased after the specimens were subjected to thermocycling. XE3 achieved the highest bond strength to both enamel and dentin (26.994±1.17 and 25.22±1.26, respectively). XE3 showed even better bonding after thermocycling to enamel and dentin than the total-etching system or PP. Although PP bonded to enamel showed lower shear bond strength value than XE3, it has durable bond strength even after thermocycling. Citation El Araby AM, Talic YF. The Effect of Thermocycling on the Adhesion of Self-etching Adhesives on Dental Enamel and Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:017-024.
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Leleesh, Mayanglambam, Rani Somani, Payel Basu, Oinam Renuka, and Grace Thanglienzo. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALIVA DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES ON THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF A UNIVERSAL EIGHTH GENERATION ADHESIVE SYSTEM TO DENTIN AFTER POLYMERIZATION - AN IN VITRO STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 05 (May 31, 2022): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14727.
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Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of saliva decontamination procedure on the shear bond strength of a Universal eighth generation adhesive system to dentin after polymerization. Materials & Method: Forty extracted non-carious premolars were mounted on a acrylic block and their occlusal surfaces were grounded flat to exposed the middle depth dentin. The teeth were then randomly divided into five Groups: Group A(control), Group B(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried), Group C(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Rinse), Group D(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Re-bonding) & Group E (Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Rinse, Re-bonding). A teflon tube of 2x3 mm dimension was used to pack composite on the treated dentin surface and light cured for 40s. Shear Bond strength was then measured using instron testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Data were statistically analysed using ONE WAY-ANOVA and TUKEYS test. Result: It was observed that, the highest mean shear bond strength was found in Group D(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Re-bonding) & Group E(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Rinse, Re-bonding) with a mean value of 23.87 each. The least mean value was seen in Group C(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Rinse), 13.25. When an intergroup comparision was made, statistically significant difference was seen between the various groups except Group A(control)-Group D(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Re-bonding)-Group E(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Rinse, Re-bonding) and Group B(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried)-Group C(Bonding, Saliva, Air-dried, Rinse). Conclusion: Salivary contamination significantly decreases the bond strength of the adhesive to dentin after polymerization. Rinsing and Air-drying of the cured contaminated dentin surface was not sufficient to restore the shear bond strength. However reapplication of adhesive system after rinsing and air-drying of the cured contaminated dentin surface fully restored the bond strength.
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Hamouda, Ibrahim M., and Salah H. Shehata. "Shear Bond Strength of Ormocer-Based Restorative Material Using Specific and Nonspecific Adhesive Systems." ISRN Materials Science 2011 (July 28, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/376097.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of ormocer-based restorative material bonded to tooth structure using specific ormocer and nonspecific resin-based adhesives. Human molars were prepared to obtain flat buccal enamel surfaces and flat occlusal dentin surfaces. Admira bond, and Prime & Bond NT, Excite, AdheSE, and Prompt-L-Pop were applied to the prepared enamel and dentin surfaces. Ormocer restorative material was inserted into a mold fixed onto the prepared tooth surfaces. The restorative material was applied and cured. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The highest bond strength was recorded for Admira bond. The non-specific adhesives (AdheSE and Prompt-L-Pop) were recorded the lowest bond strength. Etch & Rinse (Prime & Bond NT and Excite) adhesives were recorded an intermediate values. Admira bond usually showed cohesive failure in the material with enamel and cohesive and mixed failure with the dentin. Etch & Rinse adhesives showed mixed failure with the enamel and, mixed and adhesive failures with the dentin. Self-etching adhesives commonly exhibited adhesive mode of failure. So, Etch & Rinse, non-specific bonding agents can be used with Admira ormocer-based restorative material when the specific adhesive is depleted.
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Phillips, R. W. "Bonding Agents and Adhesives." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 1 (August 1988): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020010801.
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Development of molecules which will adhere to tooth structure is a high-priority area of dental research. Although enamel and dentin present formidable obstacles to adhesive mechanisms, there is substantial progress in the formulation of agents which are already altering certain procedures, such as the conservative restoration of the erosion lesion. These materials are evaluated with particular attention to dentin bond agents and the glass-ionomer system. The latter is of particular interest due to its proved biocompatibility, fluoride leach, and bonding capability. The exact status of dentin bond agents based on phosphonates remains controversial, and the possible reasons for the divergent data are discussed.
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Hashimoto, M., S. Ito, F. R. Tay, N. R. Svizero, H. Sano, M. Kaga, and D. H. Pashley. "Fluid Movement across the Resin-Dentin Interface during and after Bonding." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 11 (November 2004): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301104.
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This study evaluated the extent of water penetration through resin-dentin interfaces before and after being sealed with adhesives. Four adhesive resin systems (2 total-etch adhesives and 2 self-etching primer adhesives) were used in this study. Dentin disks were placed in a split-chamber device, and in situ fluid movement across dentin was measured, with and without physiological pressure, during bonding procedures or 24 hrs after bonding. The fluid movement across dentin occurs via dentin tubules after acid-etching. Large outward or inward fluid shifts across dentin were observed during air-drying and light-curing for resin application. The amount of fluid movement across resin-bonded dentin when total-etch adhesives were used was significantly greater than that with self-etching adhesives. The milder acid-etching effects of self-etching primers may retain hybridized smear plugs within the tubules that reduce outward fluid flow, resulting in superior dentin sealing.
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Silva, SMA, J. Malacarne-Zanon, RM Carvalho, MC Alves, MF De Goes, A. Anido-Anido, and MR Carrilho. "Effects of Potassium Oxalate on Knoop Hardness of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives." Operative Dentistry 37, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/09-228-l.
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SUMMARY The objective of this study was to determine whether the hardness of etch-and-rinse adhesives may be affected by the pretreatment of acid-etched dentin with potassium oxalate desensitizer. Unerupted human third molars were cut into crown segments by removing the occlusal enamel and roots. The pulp chamber of these crown segments was connected to a syringe barrel filled with phosphate-buffered saline so that the moisture of dentin was maintained during the bonding procedures. Three etch-and-rinse adhesives—two two-step systems (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], One-Step [OS]) and one three-step system (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose [MP])—were applied to acid-etched dentin that had been treated (experimental groups) or not (control groups) with potassium oxalate (BisBlock). The Knoop hardness (KHN) of adhesives was taken at different sites of the outer surface of the adhesive-bonded dentin. The KHN of the three tested adhesives applied to acid-etched dentin treated with potassium oxalate was significantly lower than that exhibited by the respective controls (not treated with oxalate; p<0.05). Regardless of the adhesive, the treatment with potassium oxalate reduced the adhesives' KHN (p<0.05), with the OS system exhibiting the lowest KHN compared with the MP and SB systems.
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de Oliveira, Marcelo Tavares, Patrícia Moreira de Freitas, Carlos de Paula Eduardo, Glaucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, and Marcelo Giannini. "Influence of Diamond Sono-Abrasion, Air-Abrasion and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Dentin." European Journal of Dentistry 01, no. 03 (July 2007): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698332.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: Different surface treatments may affect bonding performance of adhesive systems to dentin. This study evaluated the influence of different methods of surface treatment on adhesion of bonding agents to dentin.Methods: TDentin surfaces abraded with #600-grit SiC paper were used as control. Three methods of surface treatment (sono-abrasion, air-abrasion and Er:YAG laser irradiation) were used under specific parameters. Four adhesive systems (Tyrian, Clearfil SE Bond, Unifil Bond and Single Bond) were applied to treated surfaces, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Composite blocks were built on bonded surfaces, then restored teeth were vertically and serially sectioned to obtain bonded slices for interfacial micromorphologic analysis or to produce beam specimens for μ-TBS bond test. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey test at a significance level of 5%.Results: The results indicated that the preparation of dentin with sono-abrasion or laser did not affect the bond strength, while the preparation of dentin with SiC paper and air-abrasion influenced the bond strength for some systems. A clear difference of the preparation of dentin surfaces and formation of hybrid layer and resin tags were noted.Conclusions: Bonding effectiveness of both the etch-and-rinse and the self-etch adhesives can be influenced by different methods of dentin preparation. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:158-166)
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Lenzi, Tathiane Larissa, Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares, and Rachel de Oliveira Rocha. "Does Bonding Approach Influence the Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive to Dentin of Primary Teeth?" Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.3.214.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of bonding strategy on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a new universal adhesive system to primary tooth dentin. Study design: Flat dentin surfaces from 25 primary molars were assigned to 5 groups according to the adhesive and bonding approach: Adper Single Bond 2 (two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive) and Clearfil SE Bond (two-step self-etch system), as controls; Scotchbond Universal Adhesive–self-etch, dry or wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies. Composite buildups were constructed and the teeth were sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm2) to be tested under tension at 1mm/min. The μTBS means were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Failure mode was evaluated using a stereomicroscope (400×). Results: Universal adhesive applied following both dry and wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies showed similar bond strength compared with control adhesive systems. Self-etch approach resulted in the lowest μTBS values. For all groups, adhesive/mixed failure prevailed. The percentage of premature debonded specimens was higher when the universal adhesive was used as self-etch mode. Conclusion: The universal adhesive does not share the same versatility of being used in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch approaches; however, the use of the new adhesive following either wet or dry-bonding may be a suitable option as alternative to two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive protocol.
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Bordina, Galina E., Nadezhda P. Lopina, Alexey A. Andreev, and Ilya A. Nekrasov. "Dynamics of adhesive systems development in dental practice." Russian Journal of Dentistry 26, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2022-26-1-63-74.
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BACKGROUND: Тhe article presents a review of adhesive systems in terms of their component chemical composition. Seven generations of adhesive systems have been studied. The first generation of adhesive systems emerged in the 1970s. The result of the action was the bond reaction of the adhesive with calcium enamel and dentin. Glycerophosphoric acid dimethacrylate was used. The use of methacrylates in adhesive systems was widespread because polymers with high biological indifference to biological objects are formed when they are polymerized in combination with acrylic resin. The second generation used a lubricated layer to obtain higher adhesion rates. Chloro-substituted phosphate esters of various monomers were used as active groups. The main compound mechanism remained the ionic binding of calcium dentine by chlorophosphate groups. The third generation used a lubricated layer to attach the composite to the dentin in the same way as the second generation. In the chemical composition, aluminosilicates, aluminitrates, hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), 4-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl anhydride (4-META), and other substances were most often used as active groups. The fourth generation is a multicomponent system that provides a three- and four-step application technique. These systems contain three to four components (conditioner, primer, and adhesive). The technique of their use includes three stages, namely, etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid, priming, and bonding. Adhesive systems of the fifth generation are two-component systems that provide a two-step technique of application. First, acid (etching) is applied to the tooth tissue, and second, the adhesive itself. Adhesive systems of the sixth and seventh generations are one-component self-etching since the adhesive contains acid. From a chemical point of view, these adhesive systems are a mixture of phosphoric esters and adhesive substances. Therefore, analyzing the adhesive composition of seven generations in such way, the mechanism of chemical interaction of adhesive components with hydroxyapatite and dentin has not significantly changed; however, the number of hydrophobic fragments has increased, which significantly increases dentin contact.
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Drobac, Milan, Igor Stojanac, Bojana Ramic, Milica Premovic, and Ljubomir Petrovic. "Micromorphological characterization of adhesive interface of sound dentin and total-etch and self-etch adhesives." Medical review 68, no. 1-2 (2015): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1502010d.
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Introduction. The ultimate goal in restorative dentistry has always been to achieve strong and permanent bond between the dental tissues and filling materials. It is not easy to achieve this task because the bonding process is different for enamel and dentin - dentin is more humid and more organic than enamel. It is moisture and organic nature of dentin that make this hard tissue very complex to achieve adhesive bond. One of the first and most widely used tools for examining the adhesive bond between hard dental tissues and composite restorative materials is scanning electron microscopy. The aim of this study was scanning electron microscopy analyzes the interfacial micro morphology of total-etch and self-etch adhesives. Material and Methods. Micro morphological characteristics of interface between totaletch adhesive (Prime & Bond NT) in combination with the corresponding composite (Ceram X Mono) were compared with those of self-etching adhesive (AdheSE One) in combination with the corresponding composite (Tetric EvoCeram). The specimens were observed under 1000 x magnification of scanning electron microscopy (JEOL, JSM-6460 Low Vacuum). Measurement of the thickness of the hybrid layer of the examined composite systems was performed with the software of the device used (NIH Image ?nalyser). Results. Micromorphological analysis of interface showed that the hybrid layer in sound dentin was well formed, its average thickness being 2.68 ?m, with a large number of resin tags and a large amount of lateral branches for specimens with a composite system Prime & Bond NT - Ceram X Mono. However, the specimens with composite systems Adhese One - Tetric EvoCeram did not show the presence of hybrid layer and the resin tags were poorly represented. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that total-etch adhesives bond better with sound dentin than self-etch adhesives.
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Luong, Minh N., Laurie Huang, Daniel C. N. Chan, and Alireza Sadr. "In Vitro Study on the Effect of a New Bioactive Desensitizer on Dentin Tubule Sealing and Bonding." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 11, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb11020038.
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Bioactive mineral-based dentin desensitizers that can quickly and effectively seal dentinal tubules and promote dentin mineralization are desired. This in vitro study evaluated a novel nanohydroxyapatite-based desensitizer, Predicta (PBD, Parkell), and its effect on bond strength of dental adhesives. Human dentin discs (2-mm thick) were subjected to 0.5 M EDTA to remove the smear layer and expose tubules, treated with PBD, and processed for surface and cross-sectional SEM examination before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for four weeks (ISO 23317-2014). The effects of two dental desensitizers on the microshear bond strength of a universal adhesive and a two-step self-etch system were compared. SEM showed coverage and penetration of nanoparticles in wide tubules on the PBD-treated dentin at the baseline. After four weeks in SBF, untreated dentin showed amorphous mineral deposits while PBD-treated dentin disclosed a highly mineralized structure integrated with dentin. Desensitizers significantly reduced microshear bond strength test (MSBS) of adhesives by 15–20% on average, depending on the bonding protocol. In conclusion, PBD demonstrated effective immediate tubules sealing capability and promoted mineral crystal growth over dentin and into the tubules during SBF-storage. For bonding to desensitizer-treated dentin, a two-step self-etching adhesive or universal bond with phosphoric acid pretreatment are recommended.
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Waldman, G. L., T. K. Vaidyanathan, and J. Vaidyanathan. "Microleakage and Resin-to-Dentin Interface Morphology of Pre-Etching versus Self-Etching Adhesive Systems." Open Dentistry Journal 2, no. 1 (November 28, 2008): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210600802010120.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage and tissue-adhesive interface morphology from Class V restorations using different systems of dentin adhesives. Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of 27 extracted caries-free molars and premolars. Teeth were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) Prime & Bond NT, a 5th generation system using an initial step of total etch followed by a second step of application of a self bonding primer (2) Clearfil SE Bond, a 5th generation adhesive system employing two separate steps of self-etch priming and subsequent bonding (3) One-up Bond F, a 6th generation one step self-etching, self-priming and self-bonding adhesive. Microleakage and interface morphology of teeth restored with these adhesives and a composite resin were evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis Test (p = 0.05) was used to analyze the results. SEM analysis was used to relate interface morphology to microleakage. The mean and (SD) values of microleakage were: Prime and Bond NT: 0.15 (0.33), Clearfil SE Bond: 0.06 (0.17) and One-up Bond F: 2.96 (0.63). The mean microleakage for One-up Bond was significantly higher than for the other groups (p<0.05). Protruding tags in dentin channels were observed in Prime and Bond and Clearfil systems, but not in One-up Bond. The single step adhesive system, although more convenient for the clinician, uses a low viscosity formulation difficult to keep in place on cavity walls. It also tends to be too aggressive and hydrophilic to create an impermeable hybridized tissue-adhesive interfacial layer resistant to microleakage. Two-step adhesive systems, on the other hand, were retained on all segments of the cavosurface during application, and formed a hybridized interfacial layer resistant to microleakage.
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Makishi, P., CB André, APA Ayres, AL Martins, and M. Giannini. "Effect of Storage Time on Bond Strength and Nanoleakage Expression of Universal Adhesives Bonded to Dentin and Etched Enamel." Operative Dentistry 41, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/15-163-l.
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SUMMARY Purpose: To investigate bond strength and nanoleakage expression of universal adhesives (UA) bonded to dentin and etched enamel. Methods: Extracted human third molars were sectioned and ground to obtain flat surfaces of dentin (n = 36) and enamel (n = 48). Dentin and etched enamel surfaces were bonded with one of two UAs, All-Bond Universal (ABU) or Scotchbond Universal (SBU); or a two-step self-etching adhesive, Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB). A hydrophobic bonding resin, Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Bond (ASMP Bond) was applied only on etched enamel. Following each bonding procedure, resin composite blocks were built up incrementally. The specimens were sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength (MTBS) testing after 24 hours or one year water storage, or immersed into ammoniacal silver nitrate solution after aging with 10,000 thermocycles and observed using scanning electron microscopy. The percentage distribution of silver particles at the adhesive/tooth interface was calculated using digital image-analysis software. Results: The MTBS (CSEB = SBU > ABU, for dentin; and CSEB > ABU = SBU = ASMP Bond, for etched enamel) differed significantly between the adhesives after 24 hours. After one year, MTBS values were reduced significantly within the same adhesive for both substrates (analysis of variance, Bonferroni post hoc, p<0.05), and no significant differences were found among the adhesives for etched enamel. Silver particles could be detected within the adhesive/dentin interface of all specimens tested. Kruskal-Wallis mean ranks for nanoleakage in ABU, SBU, and CSEB were 16.9, 18.5 and 11, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusions: In the short term, MTBS values were material and dental-substrate dependent. After aging, a decrease in bonding effectiveness was observed in all materials, with nanoleakage at the adhesive/dentin interface. The bonding of the UAs was equal or inferior to that of the conventional restorative systems when applied to either substrate and after either storage period.
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Calixto, LR, MC Bandéca, V. Clavijo, MF Andrade, LGeraldo Vaz, and EA Campos. "Effect of Resin Cement System and Root Region on the Push-out Bond Strength of a Translucent Fiber Post." Operative Dentistry 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/11-035-l.
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Clinical Relevance The use of self-adhesive resin cements is an option for bonding fiber-reinforced composite posts to root canal dentin. Traditional resin cements apparently provide higher bond strengths than self-etch resin cements. Because of this, the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to root dentin should be evaluated.
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Vasconcelos e Cruz, Joana, Mário Polido, José Brito, and Luisa L. Gonçalves. "Dentin Bonding and SEM Analysis of a New Experimental Universal Adhesive System Containing a Dendrimer." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020461.
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Due to their polymerization characteristics, hyper-branched dendrimers have lately shown to be promising candidates for use in dental materials. In this study, a new dental adhesive system was prepared, using a dendrimer derived from 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (G-IEMA), and its adhesive properties were investigated. The exposed dentin was treated with four universal adhesives (UAs): SBU (Scotchbond Universal™), FUT (Futurabond M+™), AE1 (experimental adhesive with Bis-GMA) and AE2 (experimental adhesive with G-IEMA), using Etch & Rinse (ER) or Self Etch (SE) protocols. Composite build-ups were prepared and stored for 24 h at 37 °C in distilled water. Composite/dentin beams were prepared with cross-sectional areas of 1 ± 0.3 mm2 and µTBS (Micro-tensile bond strength) test was performed at 0.5 mm/min. Failures modes were evaluated by stereomicroscopy, and bonding interfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis of µTBS data was performed using General Linear (GLM) and Linear Mixed Models (LMM). The effect of adhesive type on µTBS was significant (p = 0.010), with AE1 presenting significantly higher µTBS than SBU (p = 0.019). No other differences between adhesives were observed. ER showed significantly better results than SE (p = 0.019), and no significant interactions between the adhesives and protocols were determined. Results obtained so far pinpoint the emergence of a new paradigm in the dental materials field, as G-IEMA can be used successfully as an alternative to Bis-GMA.
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Sengar, Ekta Varma, Sanjyot Mulay, Lotika Beri, Archana Gupta, Thamer Almohareb, Sultan Binalrimal, Ali Robaian, et al. "Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Flowable Composite Resin Using Etch and Rinse, Self-Etch Adhesive Systems, and Self-Adhesive Flowable Composite Resin in Class V Cavities: Confocal Laser Microscopic Study." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 4963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144963.
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The essential factor in determining the preservation of restoration is the marginal seal. Restoring cervical lesions with a resin composite has always been a challenge. Composite resins with various viscosities and different bonding systems are being researched to reduce the microleakage. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is the latest non-destructive technique for visualizing the microleakage. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the microleakage of Universal Flo composite resin (G-aenial) using etch and rinse adhesive system ER-2 steps (Adper Single Bond 2), self-etch adhesive system SE-1 step (G-Bond), and self-adhesive flowable composite resin (Constic) in Class V cavities using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Materials and Method: Class V cavities were prepared on 27 caries-free human extracted premolar teeth on the buccal and lingual surfaces with standardized dimensions of 2 mm height, width 4 mm, and a depth of 2 mm. After the cavity preparation, all teeth were randomly divided into three groups, namely Group-I: G-aenial Universal Flo with Single Bond 2 (n = 9 teeth); Group-II: G- aenial Universal Flo with G-Bond (n = 9 teeth), and Group-III: Constic (n = 9 teeth). The prepared and restored specimens were then subjected to thermocycling for 500 cycles in a water bath at 5 °C and 55 °C with a dwelling time of 30 s. The specimens were placed in 0.6% aqueous rhodamine dye for 48 h. Sectioning was carried out bucco-lingually and specimens were evaluated for microleakage under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Results: There was a significant difference (p = 0.009) in microleakage when comparing total etch and rinse, specifically between Adper Single Bond 2 ER-2 steps (fifth generation) and self-adhesive flowable composite resin, which is Constic. There was more microleakage in the self-etch bonding agent, particularly G-Bond, SE-1 step (seventh generation), when compared to ER-2 steps (fifth generation bonding agent); however, the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.468). The self-adhesive flowable composite resin showed more microleakage than SE-1 step and ER-2 steps. Conclusions: None of the adhesive systems tested were free from microleakage. However, less microleakage was observed in the total etch and rinse, especially Adper Single Bond 2 (ER-2 steps), than the self-etch adhesive system SE-1 step and self-adhesive flowable composite resin. Clinical significance: Constant research and technological advancements are taking place in dentin adhesives to improve the marginal seal. This has led to the evolution of total acid-etching dentin bonding agents termed as etch and rinse (ER)-2 steps (fifth generation dentin bonding agents) and self-etching (SE) 2 steps, and SE-1 step dentin bonding agents termed as the sixth and seventh generation bonding agents, respectively.
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Roh, Jiyeon, Hyunjung Shin, and Min-Ho Hong. "Characteristics of 10-Methacryloyloxidecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate Monomer in Self-Etching Two-Bottled Dental Adhesive System: Comparison with Commercial Products." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 3553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163553.
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Dentin bonding is a key in restorative dentistry. Here, we developed a self-etching two-bottle adhesive system containing 10-methacryloyloxidecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer (MDP) and the physical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties were evaluated. The characteristics of MDP were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Tests for water sorption and solubility, the shear-bond strengths to dentin and enamel, and cytotoxicity were performed. The newly-blended experimental group showed the lowest thickness and water sorption and solubility values. The shear bond strength of enamel and dentin were comparable to control groups (the three other products were ClearfilTM, UniFil®, and AdheSE®). All test groups showed 60% of cell viability. In this study, the properties of the newly-synthesized adhesive are comparable with the others. The fundamental goal of this study is to get the MDP patent released, as it is intended for domestic production. For this purpose, this dentin adhesive was developed and compared with the commercial product.
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Neelakantan, Prasanna, Kavitha Sanjeev, and CV Subba Rao. "Ultramorphological Characterization of the Resin Dentin Interface – An in vitro Analysis of Nanoleakage Patterns of Dentin Adhesives." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 33, no. 3 (April 1, 2009): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.33.3.c223654798r3515w.
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Aim and Design: The requirements of an effective dentin adhesive system include the ability to thoroughly infiltrate the collagen network and partially demineralized zone, to encapsulate the collagen and hydroxyapatite crystallites, to produce a well polymerized durable hybrid layer with high bond strengths. Microleakage and marginal percolation are the most detrimental factors thwarting the success of any restoration . However, the presence of leakage pathways, called nanoleakage have been observed in the hybrid layer,even in the absence of microleakage. The nanoleakage patterns of four dentin adhesives (Prime & Bond NT,AdheSE, Clearfil S3 bond and Fuji Bond LC) was compared using Scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, by the silver nitrate penetration method. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that etch and rinse adhesives showed the maximum nanoleakage followed by the self etch systems. The glass ionomer based bonding agents showed the least nanoleakage. It is extremely important to take nanoleakage as a consideration while choosing dentin adhesives, to ensure success of the restoration.
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Yoshiyama, Masahiro, Junichi Doi, Yoshihiro Nishitani, Toshiyuku Itota, Franklin R. Tay, Ricardo Marins Carvalho, and David H. Pashley. "Bonding ability of adhesive resins to caries-affected and caries-infected dentin." Journal of Applied Oral Science 12, no. 3 (September 2004): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572004000300002.
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Hybridized dentin permits dental treatments that were previously impossible with conventional techniques, opening new frontiers in modern adhesive dentistry. We have investigated the adhesive property of current bonding systems to caries-infected dentin by a microtensile bond strength test (µTBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and suggested that bonding resin could infiltrate into caries-infected dentin partially to embed carious bacteria within hybrid layers. We have named this concept of caries control as modified sealed restoration (MSR). On the other hand, Kuraray Medical Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) has developed an antibacterial adhesive system (ABF, now marketed in USA as Protect Bond). So as to evaluate the effectiveness of ABF on root caries control, we have examine the microtensile bond strengths (µTBS) of ABF to normal versus carious root dentin and the interfacial morphology by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ABF could form the hybrid-like structures by infiltrating into the surfaces of the root carious dentin, and the mean value of µTBS of ABF to root carious dentin was 23.0 MPa. These results suggested that MSR combined with ABF might be an advantageous minimal invasive therapy for root caries.
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Giannini, Marcelo, Patrícia Makishi, Ana Paula Almeida Ayres, Paulo Moreira Vermelho, Bruna Marin Fronza, Toru Nikaido, and Junji Tagami. "Self-Etch Adhesive Systems: A Literature Review." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 1 (February 2015): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302442.
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This paper presents the state of the art of self-etch adhesive systems. Four topics are shown in this review and included: the historic of this category of bonding agents, bonding mechanism, characteristics/properties and the formation of acid-base resistant zone at enamel/dentin-adhesive interfaces. Also, advantages regarding etch-and-rinse systems and classifications of self-etch adhesive systems according to the number of steps and acidity are addressed. Finally, issues like the potential durability and clinical importance are discussed. Self-etch adhesive systems are promising materials because they are easy to use, bond chemically to tooth structure and maintain the dentin hydroxyapatite, which is important for the durability of the bonding.
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Yoon, M., MF Burrow, R. Wong, and P. Parashos. "Effect of Sodium Ascorbate on Resin Bonding to Sodium Perborate–bleached Dentin." Operative Dentistry 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-516-l.
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SUMMARY This was an in vitro study to evaluate the effect of sodium ascorbate on the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of resin composite to sodium perborate–bleached dentin. Molar dentin sections were divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) sodium perborate (SP) bleach and immediate bonding, 3) SP and 30 second sodium ascorbate (SA); 4) SP and 1 minute SA; 5) SP and 2 minute SA; and 6) SP and 7 day delay before bonding. They were further divided into two-step self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond) or all-in-one self-etching (Xeno IV) adhesive systems. Resin composite microtubes were bonded according to dentin location—center, pulp horn, and peripheral positions—and an MSBS test was carried out. Failure mode was determined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. There were no significant differences between the treatment types/groups. MSBSs were significantly higher for two-step self-etching adhesive compared with all-in-one self-etching adhesive (p=0.028). For the all-in-one adhesive, MSBSs at the center and pulp horn positions were significantly lower than the peripheral positions (p<0.001). All-in-one groups had significantly more adhesive failures than two-step adhesive groups (p=0.015). The odds of adhesive failure were higher at the pulp horn position than the peripheral position (p=0.004). Sodium perborate bleaching of dentin had no effect on MSBS or mode of failure for either two-step or all-in-one self-etching adhesives; therefore, the effect of sodium ascorbate was negligible. The two-step adhesive groups demonstrated the highest MSBS, and the all-in-one groups, when bonded to center and pulp horn dentin, exhibited the lowest MSBS.
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Sabatini, C., and Z. Wu. "Effect of Desensitizing Agents on the Bond Strength of Mild and Strong Self-etching Adhesives." Operative Dentistry 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-190-l.
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SUMMARY Background Desensitizing agents are used, almost as routine practice, in many adhesive restorative procedures. There is still debate as to their effect in dentin bonding, particularly with self-etching adhesives. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different desensitizing agents on the bond strength of mild and strong self-etching adhesive systems to dentin. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty recently extracted, noncarious human molars were used to obtain superficial dentin substrate for bonding. No desensitizer was used in the control groups. The experimental groups were pretreated with Gluma Desensitizer, MicroPrime B, and Dentin Desensitizer immediately prior to bonding with self-etching adhesives Optibond XTR, Xeno IV, and iBond. A bonding jig was used to fabricate composite cylinders, which were stored for either 24 hours or three months, after which the shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated using a notched-edge testing device at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Failure mode distribution was also evaluated at 24 hours and three months. A two-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Student t-test, with a significance level of p<0.05, were used for data analysis. Results At 24 hours, there was no significant difference in SBS when the same adhesive was used with any of the experimental desensitizing agents compared with the control group without desensitizer. However, at three months, Dentin Desensitizer bonded with Optibond XTR demonstrated significantly lower SBS (p<0.001), while Gluma bonded with iBond showed significantly higher SBS values (p=0.034) relative to their corresponding control group. Only MicroPrime B bonded with Xeno IV and iBond with no desensitizer demonstrated a significant reduction in SBS after three months (p=0.034 and p=0.002, respectively). The most prevalent type of failure was adhesive. Conclusion Desensitizing agents can be used in combination with self-etching adhesives to control hypersensitivity without adversely affecting their bond strength to dentin.
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Tjäderhane, L. "Dentin Bonding: Can We Make it Last?" Operative Dentistry 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-095-bl.
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SUMMARY In dentin bonding, contemporary dental adhesive systems rely on formation of the hybrid layer, a biocomposite containing dentin collagen and polymerized resin adhesive. They are usually able to create at least reasonable integrity of the hybrid layer with high immediate bond strength. However, loss of dentin-bonded interface integrity and bond strength is commonly seen after aging both in vitro and in vivo. This is due to endogenous collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases, and cysteine cathepsins, responsible for the time-dependent loss of hybrid layer collagen. In addition, the hydrophilic nature of adhesive systems creates problems that lead to suboptimal hybrid layers. These problems include, for example, insufficient resin impregnation of dentin, phase separation, and a low rate of polymerization, all of which may reduce the longevity of the bonded interface. Preservation of the collagen matrix integrity by inhibition of endogenous dentin proteases is key to improving dentin bonding durability. Several approaches to retain the integrity of the hybrid layer and to improve the long-term dentin bond strength have been tested. These include the use of enzyme inhibitors, either separately or as incorporated into the adhesive resins; increase of collagen resistance to enzymatic degradation; and elimination of water from the interface to slow down or eliminate hydrolytic loss of the hybrid layer components. This review looks at the principles, current status, and future of the different techniques designed to prevent the loss of hybrid layer and bond strength.
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Tepedino, Michele, Maciej Iancu Potrubacz, Antonella Imperiale, Claudio Chimenti, Mario Capogreco, and Maurizio D’Amario. "Microtensile Bond Strength of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives in Different Hydroabrasion Conditionings." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (February 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6649578.
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The aim of the present study was to in vitro evaluate the effect of dentin conditioning with hydroabrasion on the microtensile bond strengths of three adhesive systems, compared to the standard etch-and-rinse technique. Sixty extracted human third molars were collected, and their midcoronal occlusal dentin was used for the microtensile bond strength test. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups according to the adhesive system used: ExciTE F DSC, ENA Bond, and Scotchbond Universal. Specimens from each group were further divided into four subgroups: control specimens were treated with standard adhesive procedures; hydroabraded (HA) specimens were subjected to preventive hydroabrasion with three different intensity levels. After bonding procedures, composite crowns were incrementally built up. After thermocycling, specimens were subsequently sectioned into 1 × 1 mm sticks, and microtensile bond strengths were measured. Data were statistically analyzed. Failure mode analysis was performed. There were no significant differences in terms of bond strength between standard adhesion protocols and adhesion with HA preconditionings. On the other hand, the type of adhesive used had a significant effect on the tensile bond strength. Subgroups treated with hydroabrasion at higher intensity showed a slightly increased frequency of cohesive fractures. In conclusion, hydroabrasion can be used for dentin cavity preparation or finishing, since it does not seem to affect the bonding effectiveness.
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Hass, V., AFM Cardenas, FSF Siqueira, RR Pacheco, PMW Zago, DO Silva, MC Bandeca, and AD Loguercio. "Bonding Performance of Universal Adhesive Systems Applied in Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Strategies on Natural Dentin Caries." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-252-l.
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SUMMARY Objective: This study investigated the bonding performance of three universal adhesive systems applied using etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) strategies on natural dentin caries. Materials and Methods: Sixty human third molars were selected for this study: 30 naturally carious (CAD) and 30 sound (SD) teeth. The dentin surfaces were exposed, and teeth were randomly assigned to each evaluated adhesive system: Scotchbond Universal (SBU), Futurabond U (FBU), and Prime&Bond Elect (PBE) and an adhesive strategy: ER or SE. The adhesive systems were applied following the manufacturer's instructions, and the teeth were restored using a resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3M). After 24 hours (distilled water at 37°C), samples were sectioned and evaluated using microtensile bond strength analysis (μTBS), micro-Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer (DC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to describe the morphology of the hybrid layer. The μTBS and DC data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test for means comparison (α=0.05). The SEM images were analyzed qualitatively. Results: Reduced μTBS values were observed when comparing CAD with SD, regardless of adhesive system or strategy (p<0.0001). SBU showed statistically higher μTBS for both dentin substrates and strategies (p<0.0001). Furthermore, SBU showed greater integrity of the hybrid layer and resin tag formation compared with FBU and PBE. Mean μTBS values for FBU were higher for SD in the SE mode, whereas higher mean μTBS values were observed for CAD in the ER mode, both compared with PBE (p<0.001). Conclusion: Bonding performance is reduced on a caries-affected substrate. The ER strategy was not able to improve the bonding performance on natural CAD for universal adhesive systems. Improved bonding performance was obtained when using the Scotchbond Universal system.
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Gomes Moura, Luanny, Gerson Paiva Neto, Cristiane Nagai Coelho de Bari, Geisy Rebouças Lima, Carina Toda, Simone Assayag Hanan, Nikeila Chacon de Oliveira Conde, and Maria Fulgência Costa Lima Bandeira. "Dentin surface and hybrid layer morphological analysis after use of a copaiba oil- based dentin biomodifier." Conjecturas 21, no. 4 (October 8, 2021): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/conj-155-308.
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This study evaluated dentin surface and hybrid layer’s morphology, using copaíba (CO) emulsion as dentin biomodifier before traditional and self-etching adhesive, by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Ninety-six third sound molars were divided into 16 groups, according to the dentin substrate, tested substances, and the adhesive system used. The conditioned dentin surface treated with clorexidina (CHX) 2% showed phosphate salts on two dentin substrates as well as the sound conditioned or not surface treated with calcium hydroxide solution (CHS), where the mineral precipitate deposition obstructs the tubules lumen. A significant difference (p <0.0001) in dentin surface morphology was observed at the CHS group on conditioned and not conditioned sound dentin. The CO emulsion produced a regular and homogenous hybrid layer with many resin tags on both dentin surfaces, irrespective of the adhesive system used, with better performance than CHS and CHX 2% (p =0.0007) on caries-affected dentin at the self-etching group. CO emulsion showed no morphological changes on sound and caries-affected dentin and presented a regular hybrid layer, regardless of the adhesive system used.
Keywords: Copaiba oleoresin; Emulsions; Dentin-bonding agents; Phytotherapy.
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Steiner, Rene, Daniel Edelhoff, Bogna Stawarczyk, Herbert Dumfahrt, and Isabel Lente. "Effect of Dentin Bonding Agents, Various Resin Composites and Curing Modes on Bond Strength to Human Dentin." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203395.
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This study investigated the influence of several dentin bonding agents, resin composites and curing modes on push-out bond strength to human dentin. 360 extracted caries-free third molars were prepared, cut into slices, embedded in epoxy resin and perforated centrally. One half of the specimens (180) were treated by using one-step adhesive systems and the other half (180) with multi-step adhesive systems. Subsequently, the cavities were filled with either universal, flowable or bulk-fill resin composite according to the manufactures’ product line and cured with either turbo or soft start program. After storage the push-out test was performed. The data was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, three- and one-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffé post-hoc test, unpaired two-sample t-test (p < 0.05). The strongest influence on push-out bond strength was exerted by the resin composite type (partial eta squared ηP2 = 0.505, p < 0.001), followed by the adhesive system (ηP2 = 0.138, p < 0.001), while the choice of the curing intensity was not significant (p = 0.465). The effect of the binary or ternary combinations of the three parameters was significant for the combinations resin composite type coupled adhesive system (ηP2 = 0.054, p < 0.001), only. The flowable resin composites showed predominantly mixed, while the universal and bulk-fill resin composite showed adhesive failure types. Cohesive failure types were not observed in any group. Multi-step adhesive systems are preferable to one-step adhesive systems due to their higher bond strength to dentin. Flowable resin composites showed the highest bond strength and should become more important as restoration material especially in cavity lining. The use of a soft start modus for polymerization of resin composites does not enhance the bond strength to dentin.
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Popoff, Daniela Araújo Veloso, Murilo de Sousa Menezes, Andressa dos Santos Gomes, André Luis Faria-e-Silva, Paulo Vinícius Soares, Paulo César Santos-Filho, and Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins. "Does bonding to Dentin reduce Gap formation in Composite Restorations?" International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 1, no. 2 (2012): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1017.
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ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of adhesive application only to enamel on the gap formation of composite resin restorations performed with different adhesive systems and submitted to mechanical cycling. Standardized cylinder-shaped cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 60 bovine incisors. Two etchand-rinse [Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE)] and one selfetching [Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan)] adhesive systems were evaluated. The adhesives were applied only to enamel or to both dentin and enamel. After adhesive light activation, the cavities were restored with composite resin. The restorations were finished and polished; the marginal adaptation was analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM, 500× magnification) in low-vacuum mode. After the first evaluation, the samples were submitted to mechanical cycling (300,000 cycles of 80 kN and 1.5 Hz) and a new evaluation was performed. There was observed any gap for all experimental conditions before and after mechanical cycling. Bonding to dentin does not alter the marginal adaptation of composite restorations. How to cite this article Popoff DAV, Menezes MS, Gomes AS, Faria-e-Silva AL, Soares PV, Santos-Filho PC, Martins LRM. Does bonding to Dentin reduce Gap formation in Composite Restorations? Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2012;1(2):67-70.
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Augusto, MG, CRG Torres, CR Pucci, N. Schlueter, and AB Borges. "Bond Stability of a Universal Adhesive System to Eroded/Abraded Dentin After Deproteinization." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-173-l.
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SUMMARY Objective: Erosive/abrasive challenges can potentially compromise bonding to dentin. Aiming to improve the quality and stability of bonding to this substrate, this study investigated the combined effect of erosion and toothbrush abrasion on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) stability to dentin using a universal adhesive system in total and self-etching modes, associated or not associated with deproteinization. Methods: Bovine dentin specimens were divided into five groups according to the organic matrix condition (n=20): control (C); erosion (E); erosion + abrasion (EA); erosion + sodium hypochlorite (EH); erosion + abrasion + sodium hypochlorite (EAH). The groups were further divided (n=10) according to the mode of application (total or self-etching) of a universal adhesive. After the bonding procedure, composite blocks were built up, and the samples were cut to obtain sticks for μTBS testing. For each specimen, one-half of the sticks was immediately tested, and the other one-half was tested after artificial aging (5000 thermocycles, 5°C and 55°C). Results: Three-way analysis of variance (α=5%) showed a significant difference for the triple interaction (p=0.0007). Higher μTBS means were obtained for the EH and EAH groups compared with the E and EA groups. The control group showed immediate μTBS values similar to that of the E and EA groups for both bond strategies. Conclusions: Erosion and erosion/abrasion did not significantly influence the immediate μTBS to dentin. Artificial aging reduced μTBS values for the groups C, E, and EA using the total-etching mode. Deproteinization maintained the bond stability to artificially aged eroded and eroded/abraded dentin.