Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dental monitoring'

This thesis relates to the feasibility of monitoring dental implants using the transmission of Acoustic Emission (AE) from an intra-oral source to a sensor mounted on the patient’s face. A number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have been carried using different AE sources on teeth and dental implants with the ultimate aim of defining the characteristics of the AE signatures in the time- and frequency-domains that are affected by the implant-bone interface. An initial feasibility study was carried out to assess the transmission of simulated AE signals through human teeth and hard and soft tissues by biting on different types of hard food. The tests demonstrated that the transmission of AE signals through human tissues was feasible. However, the source was not reproducible. Further preliminary experiments were carried out to assess the transmission of AE in various dental materials as well as in bone and bone-implant combinations in various states of hydration. The main systematic body of work centred around establishing whether AE signals could discriminate between implants with different amounts of contact with bone. AE signals were generated by applying a standard impulse source through a specially-designed abutment onto dental implants of various sizes (large and small) inserted in bovine ribs under tight and loose fitting conditions. The findings suggested that this simple transmission test was able to assess the quality of the contact between the implant and the bone in the in vitro situation and that it might be possible to extend this to the clinical environment. The (standard) pencil lead break method was not suitable for use intra-orally, so a more suitable source for in vivo testing needed to be developed. After considering various options a continuous source (based on an air jet) was developed and this was applied to dental implants in the same set of systematic tests as for the pencil lead source. The analysis revealed that the air jet source was a little better at discriminating between the various implant contact conditions. Finally, an in vivo study was conducted to assess the characteristics of the transmitted AE form air jet source applied to the dental implants of a number of volunteers. The findings demonstrated that the AE transmission through the implants, soft and hard tissues using an air jet source was feasible, with the degree of transmission depending on a number of variables, some related to the patients themselves and some related to other, tractable engineering factors. The overall conclusion of the work is that the technique is very likely to be successful for monitoring implant stability, and is feasible to apply with minimum invasion to patients whose implants have been newly installed. An in vivo study in which the test is applied to patients during the stages of stabilisation of their implants is required in order to validate the technique.

Abstract This study focuses on the clinical use of laser fluorescence compared to visual inspection (VI) for detecting and monitoring the progress of caries lesions during a one-year follow-up period and for screening subjects with unfavourable dietary habits causing demineralization of teeth. The effect of professional cleaning on laser fluorescence was also studied. The study groups were comprised of schoolchildren (n = 259), and altogether 3 651 occlusal tooth surfaces were examined visually and by using laser fluorescence. Laser fluorescence was found to be useful as an adjunct to visual inspection in detecting dental caries lesions during routine dental check-ups. The variation of laser fluorescence values in each visual category excludes its use as a primary or only method for caries detection. It rather functions as an alarm for a closer or more thorough examination. In addition, it can be a useful tool when deciding on the intervention method and the length of the recall-interval. The best cut-off point for considering operative intervention was found to be 30/99. Laser fluorescence was also found to be useful in monitoring lesion progression. Monitoring can be done through clear sealants. High laser fluorescence values (> 20) of sound tooth surfaces may predict decaying within a period of one year. Professional cleaning increased laser fluorescence values of molars, especially second molars. The increase was significant in molars with a visual score of > 0 or when visually detected initial and dentinal caries lesions were included. Professional cleaning was most efficient when using only a rubber cup and water spray without paste. A computer-based questionnaire on dietary habits was used to evaluate the cariogenity of children's dietary habits. The laser fluorescence values of tooth surfaces of children with harmful dietary habits were found to be higher than among children with favourable dietary habits. Laser fluorescence can be used for screening children whose current dietary habits may harm their teeth.

В роботì проведено аналìз надання стоматологìчної допомоги дитячому населенню на другому рìвнì. Проведено монìторинг дитячої стоматологìчної захворюваностì. Визначено основнì напрямки дìяльностì. Проаналìзовано надання стоматологìчної допомоги дитячому населенню України, Сумської областì та мìста Шостка за перìод 2017-2019 р.р. Вивчено змìни ì тенденцìї стоматологìї України на сучасному етапì та основнì проблеми. Визначено основнì завдання стоматологìчної служби та запропоновано шляхи її удосконалення на сучасному етапì.
В работе проведен анализ оказания стоматологической помощи детскому населению на втором уровне. Проведен мониторинг детской стоматологической заболеваемости. Определены основные направления деятельности. Проанализирована оказание стоматологической помощи детскому населению Украины, Сумской области и города Шостка за период 2017-2019 г.г. Изучены изменения и тенденции стоматологии Украины на современном этапе и основные проблемы. Определены основные задачи стоматологической службы и предложены пути ее усовершенствования на современном этапе.
The paper analyzes the provision of dental care to the child population at the secondary level. The monitoring of children’s dental sickness rate has conducted. The provision of dental care to the child population of Ukraine, Sumy region and Shostka for the period of 2017-2019 has analyzed. Changes, tendencies and main problems in dentistry of Ukraine at the present stage have studied. The main tasks of the dental service have determined and the ways of its improvement at the present stage have suggested.

Thesis (M.S.)--Medical College of Ohio, 2004.
"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Occupational Health." Major advisor: Farhang Akbar. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: iv, 75 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-68).

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Fluorine addition in public water supply has been associated to the enormous world decline in dental caries index, still is the most efficiency preventive method for dental health. However the implementation of the fluoridation of the water propitiated the increase of the prevalence of dental fluorosis. The aim of this study were evaluate the level of fluorine in the public water supply in the cities of Pelotas and Rio Grande-RS and compare two fluorine determination methods. The samples were collected, biweekly, in the same points of the companies of public water supply in the two cities evaluated, Rio Grande (8 points), Pelotas (44 points). To the mensuration of the fluoride present in the samples two methods were used, one was the spectrophotometric SPANDS, the other the electrometric. The samples were appraised in duplicate and the results obtained was that the methods electrometric and espectrofotométrico presented good correlation (p<0,01), however there was difference statistics (p < 0,05).The concentrations of fluoride in the public water supply were inside of the values recommended in the twelve months of evaluation in the two districts of Pelotas and Rio Grande/RS. It was ended that of the two tested methods are suitable for determination of fluoride concentration, however the most precise is the electrometric. During the twelve months of surveillance in the two districts, the concentrations of the fluoride stayed in the recommended and didn't represent a risk to the dental fluorosis
A adição de flúor à água de abastecimento público tem sido associada ao enorme declínio mundial dos índices de cárie, sendo considerado o método de maior eficiência em termos de saúde coletiva. Porém, a implementação da fluoretação da água propiciou aumento da prevalência de fluorose dental. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a concentração de flúor existente na água de abastecimento público do município de Pelotas e Rio Grande RS e comparar os dois métodos mais utilizados na determinação da concentração do fluoreto (eletrométrico e espectrofotométrico). A coleta das amostras foi realizada, quinzenalmente, nos mesmos pontos que os das companhias de abastecimento público de água dos dois municípios avaliados, Rio Grande (8 pontos de coleta) e Pelotas (44 pontos de coleta). Para a mensuração do flúor presente nas amostras foram empregados os dois métodos mais utilizados, um foi espectrofotométrico, usando SPANDS, o outro o eletrométrico, com eletrodo seletivo para fluoreto. As amostras foram avaliadas em duplicata e, através dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que os métodos eletrométrico e espectrofotométrico apresentaram boa correlação (p<0,01), contudo houve diferença estatística (p< 0,05). As concentrações médias de fluoreto na água de abastecimento público estiveram dentro dos valores recomendados pela portaria 10/99 nos doze meses de avaliação nos municípios de Pelotas e Rio Grande/RS. Concluiu-se que os dois métodos testados são indicados para determinação da concentração de fluoreto, embora o eletrométrico seja mais preciso. Durante o heterocontrole nos dois municípios, as concentrações médias do fluoreto mantiveram-se dentro de valores que não representam risco à fluorose dentária

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o comportamento da pressão arterial e o papel da ansiedade durante tratamento odontológico em hipertensos. Foram avaliados 65 hipertensos sob tratamento anti-hipertensivo (pressão arterial = 140/90 mm Hg) com teste de ansiedade IDATE (n=34), medidas de pressão arterial de 2/2 minutos (aparelho oscilométrico automático) e pela MAPA (n=42) com medidas de 15/15 minutos durante 8 horas nos dias dos experimentos odontológicos Verificou-se elevação da pressão arterial sistólica de curta duração e pequena magnitude ( < 10 mm Hg) independentemente do uso de prilocaína com ou sem felipressina. Os pacientes com ansiedade apresentaram pressão arterial maior do que os sem ansiedade em alguns procedimentos sugerindo que a ansiedade pode ter papel na elevação da pressão arterial
The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of blood pressure and the role of anxiety during dental treatment of hypertensive patients. An evaluation was made of sixty-five hypertensive patients (blood pressure = 140/90 mm Hg) under anti-hypertensive treatment were evaluated by the IDATE anxiety test (n = 34), blood pressure measurements 2/2 minutes (automatic oscillometric device), and ABPM (n = 42) with 15/15 minutes measurements, during 8 hours on the days of the two dental experiments. Evaluation an increase in systolic pressure of short duration and little magnitude ( < 10 mm Hg) was found, regardless of using prilocaine with or without felypressin. During some procedures, the patients presenting anxiety had higher blood pressure than those without anxiety, suggesting that anxiety may play a role in the increase of blood pressure

Estudamos 62 pacientes, que com teste ergométrico positivo, manifestaram angina estável e estavam sob controle farmacológico. Todos apresentavam cinecoronariografia mostrando obstrução >70% em pelo menos uma das principais artérias coronárias. Objetivamos avaliar parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e de pressão arterial, durante procedimento odontológico restaurador sob anestesia local com e sem vasoconstritor em presença de doença arterial coronária. As idades variaram de 39 a 80, média de 58,7±8,8 anos, sendo 51 (82,3%) homens. Trinta pacientes foram randomizados para receber anestesia local com solução de lidocaína a 2% com adrenalina 1:100.000 e os demais para lidocaína a 2% sem vasoconstritor. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) e eletrocardiografia dinâmica por 24 horas, iniciados 2 horas antes do procedimento odontológico. Consideramos 3 períodos de registro: (1) basal - os 60 minutos que antecederam ao procedimento odontológico; (2) procedimento - desde o início da anestesia até o final do procedimento odontológico restaurador; (3) subseqüente completar das 24 horas. A análise de variância com medidas repetidas mostrou que houve elevação significativa da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica do período basal para o procedimento nos dois grupos estudados (aproximadamente 14mmHg e 5 a 7mmHg) respectivamente, quando analisados separadamente e quando confrontados não apresentaram diferença de comportamento entre si. A freqüência cardíaca não se alterou nos dois grupos estudados. Depressão do segmento ST >1mm ocorreu em 10 (17,9%) pacientes; todos os eventos ocorreram no mínimo 2 horas após o término do procedimento odontológico. Extra - sístoles supra-ventriculares e/ou extra-sístoles ventriculares em número maior do que 10/hora estiveram presentes em 17 (30,4%) pacientes durante as 24 horas e durante o período do procedimento em 7 (12,5%), sendo 4 (13,8%) do grupo que recebeu anestesia sem adrenalina e 3 (11,1%) do grupo que recebeu anestesia com adrenalina e o teste Exato de Fisher não mostrou diferença entre os grupos. Concluímos que não houve diferença em relação ao comportamento de pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, evidência de isquemia e arritmias entre os grupos. O uso associado de vasoconstritor mostrou-se, portanto, seguro dentro dos limites do estudo.
We enrolled 62 patients with positive exercise stress test who presented with stable angina and were receiving drug therapy. All had a coronary angiography screening showing >70% obstruction in at least one of the main coronary arteries. The study aimed to compare electrocardiographic and blood pressure parameters during restorative dentistry procedure under local anesthesia, both with and without vasoconstrictor, in the presence of coronary artery disease. Ages ranged from 39 to 80, (mean ± SD) 58.7±8.8 years, 51 (82.3%) of them were male. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to receive 2% lidocaine local anesthesia with 1:100,000 epinephrine, the others receiving 2% lidocaine without vasoconstrictor. All the patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure and 24-hour Holter monitoring, beginning two hours ahead of the dental procedure. Recording were made during (1) baseline - 60-minute period before dental procedure began; (2) procedure - from beginning of anesthesia until the end of the procedure; and (3) subsequent 24-hour period. Analysis of variance with repeat measures showed significant diastolic and systolic blood pressure increases from baseline to the period of the procedure, in the two study groups (approximately 14 mm Hg, and 5 to 7 mm Hg, respectively); both in a separate analysis and in a comparative analysis no significant difference between them could be confirmed. Heart rate did not change in neither of the two groups. ST-segment >1 mm depression was detected in 10 (17.9%) patients; all these events occurred at least two hours after the end of the dentistry procedure. Premature supraventricular systoles and/or premature ventricular systoles in a greater number than 10/hour were seen in 17 (30.4%) patients in the 24-hours period after the procedure; during the procedure they occurred in 7 (12.5%) patients, of whom 4 (13.8%) were in the group without, and 3 (11.1%) in the group with vasoconstrictor. The Fisher\'s exact test revealed no difference between the groups. We concluded that there was no difference of blood pressure, heart rate, evidence of ischemia or arrhythmia episodes between the groups. Thus, the associated use of vasoconstrictor proved to be safe within the limits of this study

Worldwide computer systems continue to execute malicious software that degrades the systemsâ performance and consumes network capacity by generating high volumes of unwanted traffic. Network-based detectors can effectively identify machines participating in the ongoing attacks by monitoring the traffic to and from the systems. But, network detection alone is not enough; it does not improve the operation of the Internet or the health of other machines connected to the network. We must identify malicious code running on infected systems, participating in global attack networks. This dissertation describes a robust and secure approach that identifies malware present on infected systems based on its undesirable use of network. Our approach, using virtualization, attributes malicious traffic to host-level processes responsible for the traffic. The attribution identifies on-host processes, but malware instances often exhibit parasitic behaviors to subvert the execution of benign processes. We then augment the attribution software with a host-level monitor that detects parasitic behaviors occurring at the user- and kernel-level. User-level parasitic attack detection happens via the system-call interface because it is a non-bypassable interface for user-level processes. Due to the unavailability of one such interface inside the kernel for drivers, we create a new driver monitoring interface inside the kernel to detect parasitic attacks occurring through this interface. Our attribution software relies on a guest kernelâ s data to identify on-host processes. To allow secure attribution, we prevent illegal modifications of critical kernel data from kernel-level malware. Together, our contributions produce a unified research outcome --an improved malicious code identification system for user- and kernel-level malware.

The Texas Stream Team (TST) is one of an increasing number of citizen science water monitoring programs throughout the US which have been continuously collecting surface water quality data under quality assurance protocols for decades. Volunteer monitoring efforts have generated monitoring datasets that are long-term, continuous, and cover a large geographic area - characteristics shown to be valuable for scientists and professional agencies. However, citizen science data has been of limited use to researchers due to concerns about the accuracy of data collected by volunteers, and the decades of water quality monitoring data collected by TST volunteers is not widely used, if at all. A growing body of studies have attempted to address accuracy concerns by comparing volunteer data to professional data, but this has rarely been done with large-scale, existing datasets like those collected by TST. This study assesses the accuracy of the volunteer water quality data collected across the state of Texas by the TST citizen science program between 1992-2017 by comparing it to professional data from corresponding stations during the same time period, as well as comparing existing and experimental data from a local TST partner agency. The results indicate that even large-scale, existing volunteer and professional data with unpaired samples that may have been taken months apart can show statewide agreement of 80% for all parameters (DO = 77%, pH = 79%, conductivity = 85%) over the 38 years of sampling included in the analyses, across all locations. The local case study using paired datasets for which a greater number of factors were controlled for show an even higher agreement between volunteers and professionals (DO = 91%, pH = 87%, conductivity = 100%) and show no significant difference between experimental and existing sampling data. The results from this study indicate that TST has been collecting water sampling data for decades that is comparable to professional data and provides compelling evidence for researchers and managers to better utilize TST's and other large-scale monitoring datasets already in existence from similar citizen science water monitoring programs across the country.

Modificações na fisiologia do organismo da mulher ocorrem durante a gravidez em conseqüência às alterações hormonais, anatômicas e metabólicas. No sistema circulatório a modificação mais significativa é o aumento do débito cardíaco a partir do primeiro trimestre da gestação. Mulheres portadoras de cardiopatias podem apresentar graves complicações durante o período gestacional devido à inapropriada adaptação à sobrecarga hemodinâmica, mesmo em pacientes consideradas em capacidade funcional favorável, no início da gestação. A literatura carece de estudos dos efeitos dos anestésicos locais com ou sem vasoconstritor utilizados nos procedimentos odontológicos, sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares de mulheres gestantes portadoras de valvopatias e seus conceptos. A escassez científica fez deste tema nosso objetivo de estudo: avaliar e analisar parâmetros da cardiotocografia, como freqüência cardíaca, motilidade fetal e contrações uterinas e de pressão arterial e eletrocardiográficos da gestante portadora de doença valvar reumática quando submetida à anestesia local com lidocaína, com e sem vasoconstritor, durante procedimento odontológico restaurador. Para tanto, a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) e a eletrocardiografia ambulatorial (Holter) materna, ambas obtidas durante 24 horas e a cardiotografia (CTG) de 31 portadoras de cardiopatia reumática entre a 28ª e 37ª semana de gestação, nos períodos: (1) basal - 60 minutos antes do procedimento para MAPA e Holter e 20 minutos para CTG; (2) procedimento - 56+15,5minutos (média+desvio padrão); (3) pós-procedimento - 20 minutos; e (4) média das 24 horas para freqüência cardíaca e extra-sístoles e média da vigília e do sono para pressão arterial, permitiu a análise da variação desses parâmetros, utilizando-se lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor e lidocaína 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000, compondo-as em dois grupos. Demonstrou-se redução significativa nos valores de freqüência cardíaca materna durante o procedimento somente quando comparado aos demais períodos (p<0,001). Quando comparados os dois grupos, não houve diferença (p>0,05). Houve ocorrência de arritmia cardíaca em 9 (29,0%) pacientes, sendo 7 (41,8%) do grupo que recebeu anestesia com adrenalina. A pressão arterial materna não apresentou diferença quando comparamos os períodos ou os grupos (p>0,05). O mesmo ocorreu (p>0,05) nas análises comparativas dos parâmetros fetais obtidos por meio da CTG - número de contrações, nível e variabilidade da linha de base, número de acelerações da freqüência cardíaca fetal e padrão de reatividade fetal. Concluiu-se que o uso da lidocaína 2% associado à adrenalina mostrou-se seguro em procedimento odontológico durante a gestação de mulheres com cardiopatia valvar reumática.
During pregnancy, the organic systems of a woman are subjected to physiological modifications consequential to hormonal, anatomic and metabolical alterations. The most significant modification in the circulatory system is an increased cardiac output from the first three months of gestation. Women with heart disease may present with severe complications during the gestational period, because of inappropriate adaptation of her body to this hemodynamic overload, even those patients who are thought to have an appropriate functional capacity during early pregnancy. There are scant studies in the literature on the effects of local anesthetics, with and without vasoconstrictor, used in dental procedures on the cardiovascular variables of pregnant women with valvar disease, as well as on their concepti. Driven by this shortage, we decided to have this subject studied, by assessing and analyzing cardiotachographic parameters, such as heart rate, fetal motility and uterine contractions, in addition to blood pressure and electrocardiographic variables, in pregnant women with rheumatic valvar disease who undergo local anesthesia with lidocaine, with and without vasoconstrictor, during restorative dental procedure. For this, 31 rheumatic heart disease patients who were in their 28th to 37th week of gestation, had 24-hour ambulatory monitoring of their blood pressure (BP) and Holter electrocardiography (Holter-ECG), and cardiotocography (CTG), performed during: (1) baseline - 60 minutes before the procedure for BP and Holter- ECG monitoring, and 20 minutes before the procedure for CTG; (2) procedure - 56±15.5 minutes (mean±SD); (3) post-procedure - 20 minutes; and (4) mean 24-hour heart rate and extrasystoles measurement, and mean wake and sleeping periods BP monitoring. Variation of the above variables was analyzed in two groups, one with infusion of a 2% solution of lidocaine with vasoconstrictor, and the other with infusion of a 2% solution of lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100.000. The maternal heart rate values obtained during the procedure showed a significant reduction only in comparison with the other time periods (P<0.001). The comparison of the two groups did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05). Cardiac arrhythmia was detected in 9 (29.0%) patients, 7 of them (41.8%) from the group who received anesthetics with epinephrine. Maternal blood pressure did not show any significant difference neither between time periods, nor between groups (P>0.05). The same occurred in the comparative analysis of the fetal parameters obtained during CTG -number of contractions, level and variability from baseline, number of fetal heart rate accelerations and fetal reactivity pattern. Our conclusion was that the use of 2% solution of lidocaine in association with epinephrine proved safe during dental procedure in pregnant women with rheumatic valvar cardiopathy.

The Texas Stream Team (TST) is one of an increasing number of citizen science water monitoring programs throughout the US which have been continuously collecting surface water quality data under quality assurance protocols for decades. Volunteer monitoring efforts have generated monitoring datasets that are long-term, continuous, and cover a large geographic area - characteristics shown to be valuable for scientists and professional agencies. However, citizen science data has been of limited use to researchers due to concerns about the accuracy of data collected by volunteers, and the decades of water quality monitoring data collected by TST volunteers is not widely used, if at all. A growing body of studies have attempted to address accuracy concerns by comparing volunteer data to professional data, but this has rarely been done with large-scale, existing datasets like those collected by TST. This study assesses the accuracy of the volunteer water quality data collected across the state of Texas by the TST citizen science program between 1992-2017 by comparing it to professional data from corresponding stations during the same time period, as well as comparing existing and experimental data from a local TST partner agency. The results indicate that even large-scale, existing volunteer and professional data with unpaired samples that may have been taken months apart can show statewide agreement of 80% for all parameters (DO = 77%, pH = 79%, conductivity = 85%) over the 38 years of sampling included in the analyses, across all locations. The local case study using paired datasets for which a greater number of factors were controlled for show an even higher agreement between volunteers and professionals (DO = 91%, pH = 87%, conductivity = 100%) and show no significant difference between experimental and existing sampling data. The results from this study indicate that TST has been collecting water sampling data for decades that is comparable to professional data and provides compelling evidence for researchers and managers to better utilize TST's and other large-scale monitoring datasets already in existence from similar citizen science water monitoring programs across the country.

Storm water quality can have a significant impact on receiving water bodies. The chief recipients of these impacts are aquatic life in the receiving water body and downstream water users. Over the last few decades, legislation, regulations, institutions and facilities have evolved to recognize the impact of urban storm water on receiving streams. This increased emphasis has caused contaminants in storm water to be identified as a major concern. This developing concern has generated an increased interest in the water quality of our streams and lakes and emphasized the need for more monitoring efforts. With the passage of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II requirements, small municipalities are responsible for storm water impacts on receiving waters within their jurisdiction. For the purposes of NPDES Phase II requirements, small municipalities are identified as these municipalities that are typically composed of 10,000 but less than 100,000 in population. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a manual for use by the staff of small municipalities in meeting the requirements prescribed by changes initiated in the NPDES Phase II regulations. Attempts were made to comply with these requirements within a very limited manpower and budget framework and to develop procedures that would allow for permit compliance using testing equipment that was both reliable and robust. The users' manual provides valuable guidance in the establishment of a knowledge base for characterization of the watersheds selected for study. Chapter 3 of the dissertation contains a users' manual, designed for use by municipal staff members in their efforts to comply with the NPDES Phase II requirements. Using the techniques and equipment capabilities developed during the writing of the users' manual a characterization of three watersheds within Denton County, Texas was developed. Non-storm water samples were taken from each of the streams and a baseline analysis was established. The three watersheds represented agricultural, suburban and urban settings. Storm water samples were obtained from multiple storms within all three watersheds and data analysis used to determine the character and impact of urban runoff. Determination of the constituents for analysis was based on monitoring requirements of the NPDES Phase I and II requirements for owners and operators of municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4) and on the Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (TPDES) Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP). The three watersheds were determined to have multiple statistically significant differences for some parameters between their Base Flows and Storm Flows. The impact of urban runoff on the receiving waters of these three drainage systems was clearly demonstrated throughout the testing period.

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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Les attaques massives par déni de service représentent une menace pour les services Internet. Ils impactent aussi les fournisseurs de service réseau et menace même la stabilité de l’Internet. Il y a donc un besoin pressant de contrôler les dommages causés par ces attaques. De nombreuses recherches ont été menées, mais aucune n’a été capable de combiner le besoin d’atténuation de l’attaque, avec l’obligation de continuité de service et les contraintes réseau. Les contre mesures proposées portent sur l’authentification des clients légitimes, le filtrage du trafic malicieux, une utilisation efficace des interconnections entre les équipements réseaux, ou l’absorption de l’attaque par les ressources disponibles. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un mécanisme de contrôle de dommages. Basé sur une nouvelle signature d’attaque et les fonctions réseaux du standard Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), nous isolons le trafic malicieux du trafic légitime et appliquons des contraintes sur la transmission du trafic malicieux. Le but est de rejeter suffisamment de trafic d’attaque pour maintenir la stabilité du réseau tout en préservant le trafic légitime. La solution prend en compte des informations sur l’attaque, mais aussi les ressources réseaux. Considérant que les opérateurs réseaux n’ont pas une même visibilité sur leur réseau, nous étudions l’impact de contraintes opérationnelles sur l’efficacité d’une contre mesure régulièrement recommandée, le filtrage par liste noire. Les critères d’évaluation sont le niveau d’information sur l’attaque ainsi que sur le trafic réseau. Nous formulons des scénarios auxquels chaque opérateur peut s’identifier. Nous démontrons que la l’algorithme de génération des listes noires doit être choisi avec précaution afin de maximiser l’efficacité du filtrage
Massive Denial of Service attacks represent a genuine threat for Internet service, but also significantly impact network service providers and even threat the Internet stability. There is a pressing need to control damages caused by such attacks. Numerous works have been carried out, but were unable to combine the need for mitigation, the obligation to provide continuity of service and network constraints. Proposed countermeasures focus on authenticating legitimate traffic, filtering malicious traffic, making better use of interconnection between network equipment or absorbing attack with the help of available resources. In this thesis, we propose a damage control mechanism against volumetric Denial of Services. Based on a novel attack signature and with the help of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network functions, we isolate malicious from legitimate traffic. We apply a constraint-based forwarding to malicious traffic. The goal is to discard enough attack traffic to sustain network stability while preserving legitimate traffic. It is not only aware of attack details but also network resource, especially available bandwidth. Following that network operators do not have equal visibility on their network, we also study the impact of operational constraints on the efficiency of a commonly recommended countermeasure, namely blacklist filtering. The operational criteria are the level of information about the attack and about the traffic inside the network. We then formulate scenario which operators can identify with. We demonstrate that the blacklist generation algorithm should be carefully chosen to fit the operator context while maximizing the filtering efficiency

There is huge potential for improvement of the healthcare industry through the use of emerging technologies. The problem, however, is, that due to heavy regulation there are just few technology- based solutions that are utilised and the dental market particularly is not yet digitalised. As a basis for the business model, the current state of the art of technology and the adaptiveness capacity in healthcare was analysed. The outcome demonstrates, that there is an immense need for patient- centred solutions and that digital transformation in healthcare often fails due to the complex implication. Furthermore, trends and challenges have been analysed, which reveal that the main challenge is a lack of societal acceptance for current data protection regulations. The main trends are Artificial Intelligence (AI) and wearable medical devices. The internal analysis comes up with strategy propositions to turn the market potential into an actual income stream, and design the service in a way, that is easy to use and avoids the challenges outlined above. Finally, the income statement underpins the business´ potential in the market with numbers, based on assumptions and findings. To get key insights and prove the businesses relevance, the business model was presented to 20 dental market experts, who filled out a survey to gather data and draw conclusions from it. The primary research uncovered that the trends detected are relevant and the market need for such a solution is identified. Generally, the results are in line with the business model´s solution and its expectations.
There is huge potential for improvement of the healthcare industry through the use of emerging technologies. The problem, however, is, that due to heavy regulation there are just few technology- based solutions that are utilised and the dental market particularly is not yet digitalised. As a basis for the business model, the current state of the art of technology and the adaptiveness capacity in healthcare was analysed. The outcome demonstrates, that there is an immense need for patient- centred solutions and that digital transformation in healthcare often fails due to the complex implication. Furthermore, trends and challenges have been analysed, which reveal that the main challenge is a lack of societal acceptance for current data protection regulations. The main trends are Artificial Intelligence (AI) and wearable medical devices. The internal analysis comes up with strategy propositions to turn the market potential into an actual income stream, and design the service in a way, that is easy to use and avoids the challenges outlined above. Finally, the income statement underpins the business´ potential in the market with numbers, based on assumptions and findings. To get key insights and prove the businesses relevance, the business model was presented to 20 dental market experts, who filled out a survey to gather data and draw conclusions from it. The primary research uncovered that the trends detected are relevant and the market need for such a solution is identified. Generally, the results are in line with the business model´s solution and its expectations.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
101
In recent years, Ni-Ti rotary instruments are widely used in dental root canal treatment, the dentist will let Ni-Ti rotary instruments continued to rotate and in-depth dental root canal to clean the inside of therapeutic efficacy. Ni-Ti rotary instruments used in the dental pulp will cause fatigue fracture without warning due to continued rotation of alternating tensile stress and compressive stress. If Ni-Ti rotary instruments fracture in the tooth root canal, it will increase the difficulty of the treatment and also cause some unnecessary medical disputes. Some researcher conduct static measure of crack growth or fatigue fracture by way of stopping the rotation, but this method can’t provide a continuous-time and automatic measurement system, we can not use it in clinical. This study proposed to investigate the sound from successive bending rotation and the variation of the vibration wave resulting from the scratch of cutting, with two brands of Ni-Ti rotary instruments which are Protaper F2 and Endo Wave under different radii of curvature, curvature angle and rotational speed. In this study, the sensing of sound is performed by the microphone and the sensing of the vibration wave is performed by two FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) which are affixed to the metal block and the motor. The sensors can be used to monitor the dynamic fatigue fracture, and in comparison with time domain and frequency domain, hoping to foreknow and warn before the fracture of Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Whether the microphone or the two FBG optical pathes of laser pump light source which are used separately or simultaneously, there are some examples which reach the achievements of supplying the physical meaning of warning, prolonging the operating time, and saving the medical resources. Keywords: Dental root canal treatment, Ni-Ti rotary instruments, Fatigue fracture monitoring, Fiber Bragg Grating.

碩士
國立陽明大學
醫學工程研究所
101
Restorations, like veneer, crown, resin-bonded fixed prostheses and post and core, are routinely bonded to tooth substrates via the used of adhesive cement in the indirect adhesive procedures. Nevertheless, it is difficult to observe the fracture of the interface between the restoration and tooth until the interfacial failure. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of micro-crack on the ceramic/cement/tooth interface using the fatigue test and acoustic emission (AE) technique. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been used to observe the distribution the micro-crack to validate the results from AE technique. In addition, Four cavity(Without slot (WOS)、Slot (S)、Coverage (CWOS)、Coverage with slot (CWS)) was designed in a typical MODP restoration failure shape calculated fatigue life using finite element (FE) analysis. Finally, acoustic emission (AE) technique used in dental restorations in vitro tests, monitoring the crack growth. In the study, the AE technique and OCT images could potentially be used as a pre-clinical assessment tool to determine the integrity of cemented. When exposed to high load, adhesive layer prone to brittle fracture. But at low load, the adhesive will continue to produce microcracks, lead to failure of restoration. In finite element (FE) analysis, we found that the coverage under the axial force, can reduce the stress on the adhesive layer, and increase the fatigue life. From in vitro tests found restorations design for improved without significantly improved of restorations fracture strength. However, coverage design of restorations could reduce the generation of cracks.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
101
There are two implementation in this thesis. Earthquake early warning system and dental occlusion pressure distribution. Taiwan is located in the circum-Pacific seismic belt; the earthquakes often caused great damages on life and infrastructures. In the metropolis, the population increasingly intense, destructive earthquake caused heavy casualties. For example, on September 21, 1999, the 921 earthquake resulted in approximately 2321 people were killed and more than 8,000 injured and property loss of about NT$ 30 billion. If people early be informed that the earthquake is coming, it will reduce the loss of casualties. In this design, the earthquake early warning system is desinged according the research recently. Second part of this paper presents a tooth bite force sensing system, mainly used in dental implants applications, especially for dental occlusion force distributed reference. The proposed system consists of soft resistive pressure sensor, which serves as the sensing element of the occlusion force. Moreover, the soft pressure sensors collect the measured pressure to perform the precise amount of uneven teeth surface. Furthermore, a graphical color changes manner showing the tooth size of the force are developed in this work.

碩士
臺北醫學大學
口腔復健醫學研究所
92
In this study, we designed and also implemented: the integration processes of an integrated circuit for a microsensor, which can be used in monitoring the initial stability of dental implants and the process of osseointegration of bone-implant interfaces. The substrates used in these experiments were p-type (100)-oriented Si wafers with a resistivity of 5-10 -cm. The Si wafers were prepared through an RCA clean process. After undergoing RCA cleaning, silicon carbide was prepared using a high-density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDP-CVD) system. A PZT thin film was prepared by the Sol-Gel method, and this method was also used for microsensor fabrication. The interdigital electrodes were fabricated by a lift-off process. Properties of the device and thin film were evaluated by physical analyses. Resistance was varied and measured with an HP4145B semiconductor parameter-analyzer to investigate the electrical properties of the microsensor. In material preparation of the PZT thin film, we had to select the best process for our experiment. The Sol-Gel process was determined to be the best for our experiment, because it is easy to control the composition and there are fewer impurities in solution. In addition, it is a low-temperature process, so this can decrease the diffusion phenomenon seen at high temperatures. Furthermore, the properties of the precursors can be varied by adjusting the viscosity and solvent contents, and various electrical properties were created. Based on the above description, the Sol-Gel process was selected for our experiment. Based on the above investigation, in order to assess the requirement of precision detection, many functional devices were integrated on a chip. Up to now, the most surface acoustic wave (SAW) microsensor devices were fabricated by abnormal IC technology. However, this results in the high cost and large-used device area. To reach cost down and promote the device performance, SAW microsensor device and transistor can be integrated on a chip. This is called system on a chip (SoC). The processes of microsensor devices and transistor must be compelled. The purpose of this study is to discuss the dental implant and osseointegration stability by SoC integration.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is an emerging dental condition manifested clinically as tooth surface loss, eventually impairing the teeth’s structural integrity, function, and esthetics. Both research and practice are in need of a quantitative, non-destructive method to monitor ETW. Cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT), an advanced imaging tool, shows great potential to fulfill this need, but its feasibility and shortcomings remain unclear. In this dissertation, I explored the capability of CP-OCT to monitor ETW in three in vitro studies, one per chapter. Chapter 2 investigated the effects of enamel surface roughness and dental erosion severity on CP-OCT dental surface loss measurements. Chapter 3 tested the effects of enamel surface roughness and dental erosion on CP-OCT enamel thickness measurements at different simulated wear levels. Chapter 4 explored the ability of CP-OCT to quantify the thickness of natural and wornout enamel surfaces and to estimate longitudinally the wear depths resulting from simulated wear. I concluded: (1) enamel surface roughness did not affect CP-OCT measurements of enamel surface loss, however, the estimated error limited the appropriate assessment of the initial stages of dental erosion surface loss using CP-OCT; (2) enamel surface roughness and dental erosion did not affect CP-OCT enamel thickness measurements, and the CP-OCT differentiated the simulated enamel wear levels; and (3) CP-OCT quantified thickness of natural enamel before, during, and after the tooth wear simulation and allowed wear depth estimation following the simulated wear.
2021-07-03

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
105
Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a retinal protein residing in Halobacterium salinarum purple membrane (PM). When illuminated, BR pumps a proton gradient across PM, leading to photocurrent generation. To improve the selectivity of antibody-PM and aptamer-PM composite sensor chips for Streptococcus mutans detection, which were previously developed by using the principles that PM photocurrent correlates linearly with illumination intensity and that bacteria scatter light, this study used glycine to block the residual active moiety of the homobifunctional crosslinker fabricated on PM-coated chips for recognition-element conjugation. For the detection of 106 CFU/mL bacteria, without prior glycine blocking, the antibody-PM chips exhibited not only a 53 % photocurrent reduction on S. mutans detection, but also 21% and 24% reductions for E. coli and L. acidophilus, respectively. On the other hand, with prior glycine blocking, the photocurrent reductions of the chips decreased to 8% and 7% on E. coli and L. acidophilus detections, respectively, indicating selectivity improvement of the antibody-PM chips. The effect of glycine blocking was less pronounced with the aptamer-PM chips because the photocurrent reductions decreased from 14% and 19% to only 12% and 15% for E. coli and L. acidophilus, respectively. Furthermore, a double-decked microfluidics device was designed and constructed to real-time monitor the formation of S. mutans biofilm on the substrate placed in the upper deck with a PM-coated photoelectric chip mounted in the lower deck. A diluted growth medium and an electrolyte buffer were injected into the upper and lower decks, respectively. The comparison of ITO glass modified with self-assembled monolayers with different terminal groups suggested that the hydrophobic and positively charged surface most easily caused S. mutans to form a mature 3D-strucutred biofilm. Moreover, the anti-biofilm peptides coated on the amine-terminated substrate effectively inhibited biofilm formation, with the inhibition efficiency increasing with their coating amounts. Therefore, the results confirmed the feasibility of real-time monitoring biofilm formation with the developed double-decked microfluidics.

The monitoring-blunting theory of coping in threatening situations (Miller, 1981, 1987) suggests that when faced with a threatening situation, individuals can respond either by attending to threatening information (―monitoring‖) or by avoiding threatening information (―blunting‖). A valid and reliable measure of children’s preferred coping styles in dental situations may assist dental staff in providing efficacious anxiety-reducing interventions to diverse groups of children. The current study sought to validate a scale of children’s preference for monitoring or blunting in dental situations (the Monitoring Blunting Dental Scale or MBDS). The psychometric characteristics of the scale were assessed in a group of 240 eleven to thirteen year old New Zealand children. Internal consistency reliability was adequate for both the monitoring ( = .743) and blunting ( = .762) subscales. Convergent validity was indicated by strong correlations (> .6) between the MBDS monitoring and blunting subscales and those of an adapted version of the Child Behavioural Style Scale (CBSS-M). Discriminant validity with respect to dental anxiety was strong for the monitoring subscale, r = .079, p = .221, but not the blunting subscale, r = .478, p <.001. Confirmatory factor analysis of the MBDS indicated adequate fit for a two factor monitoring-blunting model (RMSEA = .079), but unacceptable fit for a one factor model (RMSEA = .095). A similar finding was observed when confirmatory factor analysis of the CBSS-M was conducted. These confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the monitoring and blunting theoretical constructs cannot be justifiably regarded as representing poles of a single underlying dimension, but are better regarded as distinct, related constructs. A content analysis of children’s comments about the coping strategies they might adopt in several dental scenarios indicated that these strategies were largely classifiable within monitoring-blunting theory, with blunting-type strategies much more commonly mentioned. Given further validity evidence, the MBDS could be a useful measure when attempting to tailor anxiety-reducing interventions in dental settings to children with diverse coping preferences.

碩士
國立屏東商業技術學院
資訊管理系(所)
100
This research has established an application monitoring distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. We adopt TFN2K (Tribe Flood, the Net 2K) as an attack traffic generator and observe the system resource of the victim target like CPU utilization, memory usage, consumed by attack traffic. The types of attack traffic have been analyzed and by that we develop a defense scheme. The experiment has demonstrated that the proposed scheme can effectively prevent the attack traffic, by coordinating the firewall.