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1

BADAR, SAMINA, SALEEM CHANNAR, NOUMAN BHUTTA, and Saima Arshad. "DENTAL CARIES;." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 01 (January 3, 2012): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.01.1946.

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Objective: To find out the prevalence and determinants of dental carries among patients attending dental OPD. Design:Descriptive Cross sectional study. Place & Duration: Dental out Patient Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital and period was August tillNovember, 2010. Methodology: Data was collected with the help of predesigned Questionnaire. A Convenient sample of 05 eligiblerespondents was examined on daily basis till completion of sample size. Caries was assessed by using DMFT scale. Analysis of data wascarried out with the help of computer SPSS version 11. Chi square test was used to see the association between different variables,(brushing atnight, daily brushing, sugar rich food). The level of significance was taken as p<.05. Results: Among study population (52%) were male and(53%) were urban dwellers.. Dental caries was present in 97% of the patients & DMFT Score increased with increase in age. Commonlyassociated habits (with carries) included lack of daily brushing of teeth (P<.01), lack of brushing at night (p<.001), and daily intake of sweets(p<.005). Conclusions: Frequency of dental caries was high with advancing age. There was significant relationship with oral Hygiene, Sugarrich food and dental caries.
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BADAR, Samina, SALEEM CHANNAR, NOUMAN BHUTTA, and Saima Arshad. "DENTAL CARIES;." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 03 (May 10, 2012): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.03.2113.

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Objective: To find out the prevalence and determinants of dental caries among patients attending dental OPD. Design:Descriptive Cross sectional study. Place & Duration: Dental out Patient Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital and period was August tillNovember, 2010. Methodology: Data was collected with the help of predesigned Questionnaire. A Convenient sample of 05 eligiblerespondents was examined on daily basis till completion of sample size. Caries was assessed by using DMFT scale. Analysis of data wascarried out with the help of computer SPSS version 11. Chi square test was used to see the association between different variables,(brushing atnight, daily brushing, sugary food intake) define the variables. The level of significance was taken as p<.05. Results: Among study population(52%) were male and (53%) were urban dwellers. Dental caries was present in 97% of the patients & DMFT Score increased with increase inage. Commonly associated habits (with carries) included lack of daily brushing of teeth (P<.01), lack of brushing at night (p<.001), and dailyintake of sweets (p<.005). Conclusions: Frequency of dental caries was high with advancing age. Significant relationship of Dental Caries wasfound with oral hygiene and surgery foods.
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Nomura, Yoshiaki, Ryoko Otsuka, Wit Yee Wint, Ayako Okada, Ryo Hasegawa, and Nobuhiro Hanada. "Tooth-Level Analysis of Dental Caries in Primary Dentition in Myanmar Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 7613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207613.

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In developing countries, the prevalence of dental caries in children remains high, which means that implementing a simple and convenient classification is critical. The classification needs to be evidence-based and needs to reflect tooth-level information. In this study, the prevalence of dental caries in the primary dentition of 352 Myanmar school children at the ages of 5, 6, and 7 was analyzed at the tooth level to clarify the underlying data structure of the patterns of dental caries in the population. Ninety-three percent of subjects had caries in primary dentition and the mean number of decayed teeth in primary dentition was 7.54 ± 4.82. Based on the item response theory analysis, mixed-effect modeling, and Bayesian network analysis, we proposed the following classification: Group 1: No dental caries; Group 2: Dental caries in molar teeth or dental caries in maxillary anterior teeth; Group 3: Dental caries in both molar and maxillary anterior teeth; Group 4: Dental carries in mandibular anterior teeth. Dental caries (dmft) in the groups was different between groups. The results of characteristics of tooth-level information and classification presented in this study may be a useful instrument for the analysis of the data of dental caries prevalence in primary dentition.
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Chauncey, H. H., R. L. Glass, and J. E. Alman. "Dental Caries." Caries Research 23, no. 3 (1989): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000261178.

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5

Selwitz, Robert H., Amid I. Ismail, and Nigel B. Pitts. "Dental caries." Lancet 369, no. 9555 (January 2007): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60031-2.

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6

Caufield, Page W., and Ann L. Griffen. "DENTAL CARIES." Pediatric Clinics of North America 47, no. 5 (October 2000): 1001–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70255-8.

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7

Wong, Allen, Paul E. Subar, and Douglas A. Young. "Dental Caries." Advances in Pediatrics 64, no. 1 (August 2017): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yapd.2017.03.011.

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8

Bahadur, Basant, and Bina Kansakar. "Dental Caries." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 7, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.1487.

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9

Prakash, Satyam. "Dental Caries." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 5, no. 1 (August 9, 2017): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v5i1.17988.

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10

Ritter, Andri V. "Dental Caries." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 16, no. 1 (January 2004): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2004.tb00460.x.

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11

AL-NUAIMY, KARAMA M. T. "Smoking and Dental Caries." Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 51, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36872/lepi/v51i1/301060.

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12

Rezki, Sri, and Pawarti . "PENGARUH PH PLAK TERHADAP ANGKA KEBERSIHAN GIGI DAN ANGKA KARIES GIGI ANAK DI KLINIK PELAYANAN ASUHAN POLTEKKES PONTIANAK TAHUN 2013." ODONTO : Dental Journal 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.1.2.13-18.

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Background: Dental plaque is a thin layers composed of various microorganisms which is formed on teeth surface after contacted with saliva in several minutes. Dental plaque is not dental disease but can be cause dental caries and periodontal disease and others teeth and mouth diseases.The relation of dental plaque and dental caries is on the plaque acidity that tend to email and dentine demineralisation, which will cause dental caries.Research purpose was to investigate influence dental plaque to oral hygiene index and dental caries index on child at the poltekkes dental clinic in pontianak 2013.Method: Research at the poltekkes pontianak dental clinic in may 2013. subject of study consisted of 32 patients child. 20 children of the female and 13 children of the male s. this research is research quantitative with the approach of observation and cross sectional methode. Result: The result, Ph dental plak is not significant relation with oral higiene index and caries index. Conclusion: caries caused multifaktorial so the prevention of various terms need to be done.Keywords: pH dental plaque, oral higiene index, dental caries index
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13

Ali, Omaran Ibrahim Mohammed, Oedijani Oedijani, and Fatimah Muis. "The Correlation Between Dietary Habits and Dental Hygiene Practice with Dental Caries Among School Children at Urban Area in Semarang." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 8, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i2.6489.

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<p>Dental caries is a major cause of tooth loss in children and young adults. Dental caries have been linked to the situation of underprivileged families, nutritional imbalance, and poor oral hygiene techniques, including lack of tooth brushing or flossing the teeth, and also have a genetic etiology. Dietary habits and dental hygiene practice can result in high caries in school children. This research aimed to reveal the correlation between dietary habits and dental hygiene practice with dental caries among school children in urban area of Semarang. The subjects of this research are the elementary student 7 – 9 years old enrolled in schools located in at urban area in Semarang in 2016 and the mother of a student who became the study sample. Data were statisically analyzed usingbivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that: there was no correlation between total carbohydrate intake, refined carbohydrate intake, fiber intake, dental hygiene practice with dental caries, bottle feeding and duration of bottle feeding were assosiated with dental cariest-score. Overall, def-t score in the study was very bad with high median of dental caries score and many children have dental caries t-score more than 6.</p>
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14

Funieru, Cristian, and Răzvan Funieru. "Caries Risk software – a new tool used for children caries risk assessment." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.2.13.

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Introduction. Dental caries risk is a key factor which may influence dental health in the near future. It is a very important factor for developing individual or community preventive strategies. Material and method. 46 dental records were analyzed including data of caries baseline and caries risk factors in a group of 46 schoolchildren from city of Bucharest. The overall caries risk was estimated using version 1.0 of Caries Risk software, the first software designed and calibrated to provide caries risk for Romanian patients. Results. The caries risk was approximately 40% in our sample. The girls had a higher risk by about 13% compared to boys. Conclusions. Caries Risk software is an effective tool for estimating caries risk by having an easy mode for input data and a short time needed for processing.
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15

Cerrato, Michelle, Daniel Canales, Bessy Guevara, Siryi Chirinos, Ruben Ramirez, and Thania Espinal. "Frecuencia de caries dentales en pacientes de la clínica odontológica de la Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana." Innovare: Revista de ciencia y tecnología 8, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/innovare.v8i1.8104.

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La caries dental es un proceso patológico complejo, de origen infeccioso y transmisible que afecta a las estructuras dentarias y se caracteriza por un desequilibrio bioquímico que de no ser revertido, conduce a cavitación y a alteraciones del complejo dentino-pulpar. Datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud indican que la prevalencia de caries a nivel mundial es de 60-90% en escolares y casi el 100% en adultos. Aquí presentamos un estudio descriptivo realizado en la clínica odontológica de UNITEC entre Junio 2016 y Agosto 2017. De los 168 pacientes evaluados 95% presentó carie. Las piezas dentales más afectadas fueron las molares. La molar con más caries fue la 2.7 con 94 caries, seguida de la 1.6 con 92 caries, la 2.6 con 89 caries, la 3.7 con 88 caries y la 1.7 con 86 caries. El 78% de pacientes usa cepillo dental y solamente un 32% usa hilo dental. Es necesario promover más prevención dental.
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16

Kumar, K. V. K. Santosh, M. Ghanashyam Prasad, R. Venkata Sandeep, S. Pavani Reddy, D. Divya, and K. Pratyusha. "Chemomechanical caries removal method versus mechanical caries removal methods in clinical and community-based setting: A comparative in vivo study." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 03 (July 2016): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.184151.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effectiveness of various caries removal techniques in mandibular primary molars using Smart Burs, atraumatic restorative technique (ART) (mechanical caries removal) and Carie-care (chemomechanical caries removal [CMCR]) among primary school children in clinical and community-based settings. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 carious primary mandibular molars were selected for the study from the dental clinic and community. They were equally assigned to four groups according to caries removal technique and also by the operating site. In Group 1, caries was removed using Carie-care in the dental clinic and in Group 2, with Smart Burs in the dental clinic. In Group 3, caries was removed using Carie-care in the field and in Group 4, with the ART in the field. The time taken for caries removal, the efficacy of caries removal and patient acceptance were evaluated with different caries removal techniques. Statistical Analysis: The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis by ANOVA test. Results: In clinical settings, Carie-care was time-consuming but was more efficient with increased acceptance than Smart Burs and the result was found to be significant statistically (P < 0.05). In community-based settings, Carie-care was more efficient, less time consuming, and showed an increased acceptance when compared to atraumatic restorative treatment and the result was found to be significant statistically (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The CMCR technique was superior to the mechanical caries removal technique in primary teeth among school children in terms of time, efficacy, and acceptance in both clinical- and community-based settings.
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17

Hamzah, Acep. "Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Makanan Kariogenik dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar." Indonesian Scholar Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (ISJNMS) 1, no. 01 (August 7, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54402/isjnms.v1i01.7.

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Introduction: Dental caries are a disease that damages tissue caused by emial and dentine Demineralization especially school-age children generally caries due to high interest and become a favorite in consuming kariogenic food So that the consumption pattern of karyogenic foods is very high. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of consumption patterns of karyogenic foods with dental carise. Method: Design research using descriptive analytic and cross sectional approach in 131 elementary school children with the technique of random sempling. Questionnaire to measure consumption patterns of karyogenic foods ie FFQ (food frequency questionnere) and dental caries test with DMF-T (Decay Missing Filled-Teeth). The analysis of this research uses the Chi-square test. Result: This study describes the high carcinogenic food consumption pattern of 77 respondents (58.8%), and children with dental caries of 33 respondents (61.1%). Describing the food consumption pattern of kariogenic foods with the incidence of dental caries on the children of SDN Rangkapan Jaya Baru Depok with results and P-value (0.000). Discussion : The pattern of consumption of cariogenic food with the incidence of dental caries in children at SDN X showed the majority of the pattern of consumption of high cariogenic food and children with dental caries. The results of the analysis show that there is a relationship between cariogenic food consumption patterns and the incidence of dental caries in children. In conclusion there was a relationship of kariogenic food consumption pattern with the incidence of dental caries.
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18

Lestari, Ni Wayan Ayu Dewi, and Lala Budi Fitriana. "USIA DAN FREKUENSI MENGKONSUMSI MAKANAN KARIOGENIK BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN KARIES GIGI ANAK." Journal of Holistic Nursing Science 5, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/nursing.v5i2.2433.

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Dental and mouth problems, especially caries, frequently happen to 60-90% school children aged between 5-14 years. Caries happens because children tend to like sweet food, which carries the potential of causing dental caries. Children love candies. If children consume too much sweets and rarely brush their teeth, they will get caries. Sweets are considered as a cariogenic compound, because sweets cause caries. This research aims to determine the correlation between age and frequency of consuming cariogenic food and dental caries incidence among children at ‘Al Huda’ Islamic Elementary School, Karangnongko, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This is a quantitative non experimental research which used an analytic correlative method with a cross sectional design. The samples for this research were first to fifth graders of both A and B classes, there were 72 respondents selected as samples. The samples were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Data for this research were collected by means of questionnaires and observation sheets. The data collected were analyzed using Mann-Whitney u test and chi-square test. The statistical test on the correlation between age and dental caries incidence showed p-value = 0.043 < 0.05. Whereas the statistical test on the correlation between cariogenic food consumption and dental caries incidence showed p-value 0.620 > 0.05. There was a significant correlation between age and dental caries incidence among children at ‘Al Huda’ Islamic Elementary School, Karangnongko, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, and there was no significant correlation between frequency of consuming cariogenic food and dental caries incidence among children at ‘Al Huda’ Islamic Elementary School, Karangnongko, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, and Yogyakarta. Future researchers are expected to be able to examine other variables that affect dental caries in children such as heredity, race, chemical elements, saliva, oral microorganisms, plaques, and microorganisms as well as research in a wider population.
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19

Yeung, C. A. "Dental caries: Caries risk assessment tools." British Dental Journal 224, no. 1 (January 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.8.

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20

Sheldon, W. R. "Unexpected dental caries." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 70, no. 3 (September 1990): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(90)90157-n.

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21

Pitts, N. B. "Understanding Dental Caries." Journal of Dentistry 16, no. 1 (February 1988): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-5712(88)90109-1.

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22

Doyle, Walter A., and Chris Baker. "DENTAL FISSURE CARIES." Journal of the American Dental Association 129, no. 9 (September 1998): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0407.

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23

Shivakumar, KM, SK Vidya, and GN Chandu. "Dental caries vaccine." Indian Journal of Dental Research 20, no. 1 (2009): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.49066.

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24

Silva, Renato Pereira da, Andréa Videira Assaf, Aline Sampieri Tonello, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Silvia Helena de Carvalho Salles Peres, Marcelo de Castro Meneghim, and Antonio Carlos Pereira. "Dental caries surveys." Arquivos em Odontologia 57 (March 15, 2022): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2178-1990.2021.26960.

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Aim: To evaluate the impact of the recording of teeth whose clinical conditions rarely vary (anterior teeth and third molars) in inter-examiner agreement measurements. Methods: Clinical data from 56 schoolchildren, 12 years of age, previously collected by two examiners, according to the “Oral Health Surveys: basic methods” codes and criteria, were analyzed in the present study. The effects from including/excluding such teeth upon reproducibility were measured by general percentage agreement (GPA) and Kappa statistics (к) performances. Results: The exclusion of anterior teeth associated with the inclusion of third molars produced a decrease in GPA that was simultaneous to an increase in the weighted Kappa (nominal data) and simple (dichotomous data) values. The incorrect inclusion of third molars (GPA = 100%; к = + 1) in the reproducibility measurement artificially increased the inter-examiner Kappa values. Conclusion: The inclusion/exclusion of anterior teeth and third molars, seeking a more reliable agreement among examiners, can have a positive or negative impact on the measured reproducibility values. A clear warning about the impact of including third molars in the reproducibility measurement, in the 12 years old age group, should be performed in “Oral Health Surveys: basic methods” and similar manuals.
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Grosu, Diana, Silvia Railean, Lucia Avornic, Gheorghe Mihailovici, and Igor Ciumeico. "Dental crack sealing. Prevention of dental caries." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Medical Sciences, no. 2(73) (November 2022): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2022.2-73.11.

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Dental caries affects temporary and permanent teeth, in some cases in a short time after their eruption. Statistical data show that dental caries affecting 71.2-97.1% of the population worldwide new methods for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Epidemiological studies show that in children with recently erupted teeth, predominates caries of the occlusal. The high prevalence of caries necessitates the study and continuous development of surfaces of the molars. For these reasons, the condition of dental fissures, in terms of the presence of dental plaque or bacterial plaque, is a risk factor for the development of dental caries. Fissure sealing is included by WHO as one of the 4 methods for preventing dental caries.
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Mizan, MRB, Kamrunnahar, and MAK Azad. "Antibacterial Activity of Bohera (Terminaliabellirica) Extract against Dental Carries Causing Bacteria Streptococcus mutans." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i2.39024.

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Dental caries is very common to people of Bangladesh. The treatment of dental carries is very expensive so alternative lowcost option from plant products are important for the rural people. Bohera (Terminaliabellirica) is known to people for its medicinal values. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of bohera bark and fruits were tested against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. It was found that crude extracts of both bark and fruits of bohera have the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The crude extract was purified with sillica gel (230-300mesh)with gradient elution of methanol, ethanol and chloroform. The purified extract of bohera also showed strong antibacterial activity against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The rural people of Bangladesh may use the barks and fruits of bohera to control the dental caries problem locally.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 117-120 2017
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Guzmán-Armstrong, Sandra. "Rampant Caries." Journal of School Nursing 21, no. 5 (October 2005): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405050210050501.

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Although dental caries in the pediatric and adolescent population has consistently declined in the United States, it is still the most common childhood disease. Dental problems are the number one reason for missing school next to the common cold. Dental caries are an infectious, communicable disease resulting in destruction of tooth structure by acid-forming bacteria found in dental plaque, an intraoral biofilm, in the presence of sugar. The etiology of rampant disease is very complex. It is multifactorial and has a close relationship to a number of risk factors. It is important that school nurses identify patients at risk for dental caries early to determine their risk and refer them for disease prevention and control.
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L, Clement L., and Michael Jeba Arasi A. "A Study on Dental Caries and Remedial Measures Needed Among the School Children Aged Between 6-12 Years in Selected Schools of Tumkur Town, to Develop Information Guide Sheet on Prevention of Dental Caries." Journal of Community and Social Health Nursing 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jcshn.2023.v05i01.003.

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Dental Caries can affect attendance, scholastic performance (lack of attention due to pain) and nutritional status. Children suffering from toothache or dental problems avoid or change their regular eating patterns. In neglected oral hygiene along with dental caries, periodontal diseases are seen. Periodontitis from the upper jaw may transmit the infection to the brain. Fluoride plays an important role in the prevention of dental caries, but it also causes fluorosis in excess amounts. Fluorosis aggravates dental carries. It is imperative to diagnose these problems at their early stage to prevent complications & to restore them in case it’s a permanent teeth. Objectives of the study • Assess the existing knowledge of school children regarding dental caries. • To examine by visualization of the oral cavity for the presence of dental caries. • To associate the presence of dental caries with demographic data of children. • To determine the remedial/treatment needs. • To prepare the information booklet on preventive measures and remedial measures as well. Methods: The research design of the study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The population was school children of age 6-12 years. The study originated with a sample of 150 children from selected schools in Tumkur. The sample of an equal proportion of children was scientifically drawn at random by using a random number table from each age group. Results: The present study shows that the mean knowledge among school children was 44.1%. This study revealed that schoolchildren were having very less knowledge regarding dental caries. Knowledge of prevention was 39.5%. This shows that school children were having very less knowledge regarding the prevention of dental caries. The prevalence of dental caries was 61.3% and this is the proportion referred for treatment needs among school children. The study found a significant association between knowledge of dental caries with the age of the children (χ2 =24.64, df=2), the mother’s education (χ2 =19.87, df=1) father’s education (χ2 =4.62, df=1), Mother’s occupation (χ2 =8.06, df=1), father’s occupation (χ2 =6.04, df=1) and several children (χ2 =17.72, df=1) are resulted as significant at 5% level. The proportion of treatment needs identified among the school children was 83.7% for teeth restoration, 13.0% for tooth extraction, and 3.3% for special treatments. Conclusion: The above findings depict that school children were having an inadequate level of knowledge on the prevention of dental caries. Based on the findings, an information guide sheet was developed to create awareness among school children.
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Ahmad, Zainab. "Helicobacter pylori present in caries sample among dental caries patients." Egyptian journal of Immunology 31, no. 03 (July 1, 2024): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55133/eji.310304.

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Helicobacter pylori is Gram negative bacteria, the reason for causing peptic ulcer. There is suggestion between the presence of H. pylori in oral cavity and gastritis. The present study aimed to detect H. pylori in dental caries samples. The study included 29 dental caries patients from both sexes (13 males and 16 females), with different age groups (children and adult), and nine apparently healthy subject as a control group (2 males & 7 females). Dental caries samples were collected and investigated for this study from patients with dental caries who visited the Dental Faculty in the College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Iraq. H. pylori antigen was detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Of the 29 dental caries patients, 19 (65.51%) patients were positive for H. pylori antigen test. Most of them were in the age group 20-30 (9 patients) & 30-40 (8 patients). The age groups (10-20) & (40-50) years shows 100% positivity for H. pylori antigen. Also, result was recorded significant higher difference's between H. pylori positive antigen between dental caries patients and H. pylori positive antigen among control group. (t=2.697,df=5, p≤ 0.05). Pearson correlation recorded significantly higher association between the presence of H. pylori antigen and the dental caries infection among test group (r=1, p≤ 0.000), 4 (44.5%) of the 9 control subjects, without dental caries, were positive for H. pylori antigen test. In summary, the H. pylori positive antigen test was recorded in both dental caries patients (65.51%) and in the control group (62.5 %). In conclusion, H. pylori antigen was present in dental caries patients. This could indicate that the bacteria H. pylori present in dental caries samples may contribute to caries processes.
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30

Widianti, Linda Wahyu, Sarifuddin Madenda, Johan Harlan, Sunny Sudiro, and Farina Pramanik. "Generation of Teeth Caries Features for Human Dental Caries Classification." Jurnal Telekomunikasi dan Komputer 11, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/incomtech.v11i3.13804.

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Many dental diseases are experienced by humans, one of which is dental caries, there are three types of human dental caries, namely enamel caries, dentin caries and pulp caries. This study contains the detection of caries disease in human teeth using two-dimensional images and radiological results of x-ray periapical radiographs from a test image dataset that has a number of pixels between 374x288 to 672x514 pixels with an image resolution of 96 DPI. The original data of existing dental images was processed using Matlab language to obtain caries features through three stages of the processes: pre-processing stage which are stages of the preprocessing process that converts data from a two-dimensional color image (row/height, column/width) that is stored using three channels Red, Green and Blue (RGB), into a grayscale image with one channel, the process of extracting dental caries features by performing calculations caries area and calculate the distance of the caries area to the nerve canal (pulp), and the process of building learning or reference data from dental caries using 24 radiograph periapical data on molar tooth images processed using Matlab. Dental caries features extraction process and the features learning process to generate references features from dental caries is the main objective of this research. This study result was references features for human dental caries classification.
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Ahmadi- Motamayel, Fatemeh, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi, Zohreh Jamshidi, Ali Mahdavinezhad, and Nasrin Rafieian. "Evaluation of Salivary and Serum Alpha Amylase Level in Dental Caries of Adolescence." Brazilian Dental Science 19, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2016.v19i2.1227.

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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Some previous studies suggested a significant relationship between alpha- amylase, and caries formation. This study was implemented in order to investigate the interrelation between level of salivary and serum alpha- amylase and dental caries. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: In this cross-sectional investigation, un-stimulated whole saliva and serum sample was collected from 118 high school students who were divided to four groups: Caries free female (N= 28), caries active females (N=35), caries free males(N= 28) and caries active males(N= 27). Mean levels of salivary and serum alpha-amylase was assayed by spectrophotometric method to assay enzyme kinetics. Data were analyzed using student’s t-test and chi-square test. <strong>Results</strong>: The results of this study demonstrated that salivary and Serum alpha- amylase were significantly higher in caries active group as compared to carries free group(P = 0.002, P= 0.001 respectively). In addition in male groups the mean salivary and serum alpha -amylase was significantly higher in caries active as compared to caries free (P = 0.002, P = 0.02 respectively) and in female Groups the mean serum alpha- amylase was statistically significant higher in caries active as compared to caries free (P = 0.01)<strong>. Conclusion</strong>: The results of this study demonstrated significant association between salivary and serum alpha- amylase in adolescence with dental caries. More research should be done to demonstrate real relation between alpha amylase and dental caries.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Alpha–amylase; Dental caries; Saliva; Serum.<strong></strong></p>
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Daud, Serly, and Hariadi Said. "Cariogenic Foods as the Cause of Dental Caries in Children." e-GiGi 10, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/eg.v10i1.37435.

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Abstract: Issue of dental carries which is closely related to the consumption of cariogenic food, has not only become a dental health [roblem, but has also become an avid research interest in the room of scholarly research discussion. This study aimed to present an illustration of the association between cariogenic food and the occurence of dental caries in children. This was a literature review study using a descriptive research design. The electronic data base Science Technology Index (SINTA), specifically SINTA 2 and SINTA 3, was used to collect the appropriate reviewed articles, by using the entry keywords of “karies” “caries”, “karies gigi pada anak”, “dental caries in children”, “makanan kariogenik”, and “cariogenic foods”. The results obtained seven articles fitting the topics. All articles stated that consumption of cariogenic foods including sweet food, carbohydrate-rich food, and sweet drink played an important role in the occurrence of dental caries among children. In conclusion, cariogenic food contributing to dental caries issue in children included sweet and carbohydrate foods as well as soft drinks.Keywords: dental caries; cariogenic food; children Abstrak: Isu karies gigi yang lekat kaitannya dengan konsumsi makanan kariogenik tidak hanya menjadi masalah di bidang kesehatan gigi, tetapi juga telah menjadi bahan riset menarik dalam ruang diskusi kajian ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan hubungan antara makanan kariogenik dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review dengan desain penelitian deskriptif. Penelusuran bahan pustaka dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan kata kunci “karies” “caries”, “karies gigi pada anak”, “dental caries in children”, “makanan kariogenik”, dan “cariogenic foods” dengan memanfaatkan basis data Science Technology Index (SINTA), khususnya SINTA 2 dan SINTA 3. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan tujuh artikel yang sesuai dengan topik bahasan. Ketujuh artikel tersebut manyatakan bahwa mengonsumsi makan kariogenik yang mencakup makanan manis, berkarbohidrat maupun minuman ringan manis berandil besar tehadap kejadian karies gigi pada anak. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah makanan kariogenik yang menjadi biang masalah terjadinya karies gigi pada anak meliputi makanan manis dan berkarbohidrat serta minuman ringan.Kata kunci: karies gigi; makanan kariogenik; anak
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Rosalen, Paula, Andressa Bulegon, Mayara Trapp Vogel, and Lilian Rigo. "Geographical distribution of dental caries in children in the southern region of Brazil." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 45 (June 23, 2023): e59153. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v45i1.59153.

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The objective was to investigate the experience and severity of dental caries, from the medical records of children who visited the Children's Dental Clinic of a Faculty of southern Brazil, for four years. A cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing 262 medical records containing information sociodemographic, as well as clinical oral data, to investigate dental caries. Amongst all children included in study, 226 (86.3%) had some teeth with experience of dental caries and 161 (61.5%) had three or more dental caries. The mean dental caries in children aged between 6-8 years was 5.3 ± 3.1, and the average in children aged between 9-12 years was 2.0 ± 1.9. There was association between the severity of dental caries (more than three teeth) and not using dental floss, as well as with the geographical location of residence. Older children were considered to be protected from dental caries. In this study, the experience of dental caries was high, especially in primary teeth, and variables such as the geographical location of residence, absence of flossing were related to the greater severity of dental caries.
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Dhamo, Brunilda, Besiana Elezi, Lea Kragt, Eppo B. Wolvius, and Edwin M. Ongkosuwito. "Does dental caries affect dental development in children and adolescents?" Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 18, no. 2 (May 20, 2018): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2018.2841.

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Although a link between dietary changes, caries, and dental development has been observed, the literature provides little insight about this relationship. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between dental caries and dental development in a clinical sample of Albanian children and adolescents. In total, 118 children and adolescents, born between 1995 and 2004 and aged 6–15 years, were included. Dental caries in the deciduous dentition was assessed using the Decayed, Filled Teeth (dft) index and dental caries in the permanent dentition was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Dental development during the permanent dentition was determined using the Demirjian method. Linear and ordinal regression models were applied to analyze the associations of dental caries with dental age and developmental stages of each left mandibular tooth. Dental caries in the deciduous dentition, estimated as a median dft of 2.0 (90% range, 0.0–9.1), was significantly associated with lower dental age (β = -0.21; 90% CI: -0.29, -0.12) and with delayed development of the canine, both premolars, and the second molar. Untreated dental caries (dt) was associated with lower dental age (β = -0.19; 90% CI: -0.28, -0.10). Dental caries in the permanent dentition, estimated as a median DMFT of 1.0 (90% range, 0.0–8.0), was not significantly associated with dental age (β = 0.05; 90% CI: -0.04, 0.14). However, the DMFT was associated with the advanced stages of development of both premolars and the second molar. The untreated dental caries in the deciduous dentition delays the development of permanent teeth.
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Sokolova, І. І., O. G. Yaroshenko, and V. V. Oleinichuk. "Some Aspects of Dental Caries Prevention." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 4, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs04.04.026.

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Junaidi, Junaidi, Madarina Julia, and Julita Hendratini. "Hubungan keparahan karies gigi dengan konsumsi zat gizi dan status gizi anak sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Lhoknga Kabupaten Aceh Besar." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17481.

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Background: The prevalence of dental caries in children is high. Caries may prevent children from properly digest food, which is then impair nutritional intake and cause malnutrition.Objectives: To assess the relation between the severity of dental caries with nutritional status and nutrient intake of 8-10 years old school children, in the sub district of Lhoknga, Aceh Besar, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.Methods: This was a case-control study of 54 undernourished children as cases compared to 54 well-nourished children matched for age as control. The severity of dental caries was assessed by a dentist using a caries severity index used by the WHO.Results: The prevalence of dental caries in undernourished children was 90.7%, while in well-nourished children was 54.7%. The odds ratio (95% CI) for having dental caries in malnourished children was 7.3 (2.2-26.6), p<0,001. Compared to children without caries, the odds (95% CI) for undernourished in children suffering from severe dental caries was 10.3 (3.2-38.5). Dental caries was associated with lower intake of energy. The relative risk (95% CI) for children with severe caries to have inadequate energy intake was 4.9 (1.7–14.7), p<0.001.Conclusions: Nutritional status was associated with the severity of dental caries. Children with severe dental caries had lower energy intake.
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Kusniati, Retno, Dwi Windu Kinanti, Nur Khamilatusy Solekhah, Hayyu Failasufa, and Ayu Kristin Rakhmawati. "Tindakan Topikal Aplikasi Flour (TAF) di SD Tandang 01 Semarang." Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan (JAK) 5, no. 3 (November 27, 2023): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jak.v5i3.634.

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Background: Dental caries is an infectious disease characterized by tooth decay or tooth decay. The main cause of dental caries is the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Elementary school children aged 6-12 years are a group that is prone to caries due to deep pits and fissures on their permanent teeth. One of the most effective caries prevention efforts is the topical application of fluoride. Topical fluoridation is highly recommended for newly erupted children's teeth to strengthen the enamel layer and inhibit the demineralization process. Methods: Solving problems using methods including; counseling, tooth brushing together, and topical application of flour. Results: Students who participated in this activity consisted of 49% of students and 51% of elementary school students. The activity started with counseling about carien, brushing teeth together and finally giving Flour Topical Application. Conclusion: All students who met the dental health requirements were successfully given the Topical Flour Application
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Matsumoto, Naomi, Tomoka Kadowaki, Hirokazu Tsukahara, and Takashi Yorifuji. "Association between Dental Caries and Influenza Infection in Children: A Japanese Nationwide Population-Based Study." Children 8, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090780.

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Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Recent studies have suggested that dental caries harbor respiratory infections in adults. We investigated the association between dental caries and influenza in children. In this study, 42,812 children aged 2.5 years, 38,540 children aged 5.5 years, and 34,124 children aged 10 years were included in the analysis from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century in Japan, which targeted all children born during a certain period in 2001. We used information on dental caries treated at hospitals and clinics in the past year as exposure and influenza as outcome during the observation periods (1.5–2.5, 4.5–5.5, and 9–10 years of age). We performed a log-binomial regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, and stratified analysis according to previous dental caries status. The presence of dental caries increased the incidence of influenza in all three target ages compared with the absence of dental caries. The incidence of influenza increased with the presence of current dental caries, regardless of the presence of past dental caries. These associations were observed irrespective of household income. Early detection and treatment of dental caries may reduce the risk of influenza in children.
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Haidar, Adeel, Hira Shafique, Gul Muhammad Shaikh, Mehwish Munawar, Attique Ur Rehman, Muhammad Waheed Azfar, and Amina Tariq. "“Association of Parental Education with Frequency of Dental Caries in Mal-Occluded Teeth among 3 11 Years old Children”." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 1153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221621153.

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Objective: The study aimed to explore the association of parental education with frequency of dental caries in mal-occluded teeth among 3- 11 years old children Method: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Dental hospital of Institute of dentistry of a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Data was collected from 250 patients having dental caries with mal-occluded teeth using purposive sampling technique. For data analysis SPSS version 25.0 was used. For gender and educational categories, frequency and percentages were calculated whereas to explore the impact of parental education on the occurrence of dental caries among children of 3-11years with dental malocclusion, chi-square was used. Result: Results of chi-square revealed that parental education has a significant impact on dental caries occurrence among children having maloccluded teeth (P=0.037). 30(71.43%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries parents of whom were having post-graduation degree. 68(66.67%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries parents of whom were having graduation degree. 28(70%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries parents of whom were diploma holders. 6(50%) of children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries parents of whom were having high school education. Only 37(75%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries whose parents had education till middle school. 1(11.11%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries whose parents had education till primary school whereas 10(100%) children with maloccluded teeth has dental caries whose parents were illiterate. Conclusion: Oral health of children needs additional attention by introducing more programs dealing with oral health preventive measures which will be helpful in reducing the prevalence of dental caries. Keywords: Dental caries, Malocclusion, School children, Parental education
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Khan, Farzeen, Muhammad Raza, Naveed Ullah, Khalid Khisrow, Iqtidar Ali, and Asif Jamil. "Dental caries and non caries detection using deep learning." International journal of health sciences 7, S1 (May 22, 2023): 790–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14277.

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Cavities are the most common indication of dental caries, a contagious condition that leads to the deterioration of the tooth's structure. Dental caries has been identified as one of the most common oral health issue. This research has been conducted to identify them early, owing to the discomfort and high expense of treatment. Artificial intelligence has been utilized in recent years to create models which can forecast the risk of dental caries due to restrictions in medical research in oral healthcare, such as the high costs and lengthy requirements. Data for our study were collected from Khyber College of Dentistry and Hospital. On this data, a number of Deep Learning algorithms were implemented, and their performances were evaluated using recall, precision, F1-score, and accuracy. In comparison to CNN, LeNet and AlexNet deep learning techniques, VGG16 has the best performance, scoring accuracy of 98.99%, F1-score of 0.96% with precision of 0.95%, and a recall of 0.97%. This suggested paper demonstrated that DL is strongly advised for dental professionals to use in helping them make decisions for the early diagnosis and treatment of dental caries.
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Quroti A’yun, Julita Hendrartini, Supartinah Santoso, and Diyah Fatmasari. "RISK FACTORS OF NEW CARIES BASED ON CHILD DENTAL CARIES PREDICTOR APPROACH." Dentika: Dental Journal 18, no. 2 (December 4, 2014): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v18i2.2017.

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Caries risk factors are factors relate to caries occurrence in individual or population. Caries risk factors vary in everyindividual. A new method to discover the relation between risk factors and caries in children is a software named childdental caries predictor This research aimed to know the general overview of the order of caries risk factor in elementaryschool students in the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This was an observational research with cross-sectionaldesign. The subjects were 430 children, ranging from 10 to 12 years of age. Caries risk factors that were assessed throughchild dental caries predictor were oral and dental condition, mothers and children’s behavior in maintaining dental health,and school environment. The research result showed that the percentage for each risk factor was 39.74% for oral anddental condition, 35.77% for children’s behavior in maintaining dental health, 15.90% for mothers’ behavior inmaintaining child’s dental health, and 7.95% for school environment. In conclusion, the order of children caries riskfactors through measurement using child dental caries predictor are oral and dental condition, children’s behavior inmaintaining dental health, mothers’ behavior maintaining child’s dental health,, and school environment.
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Yu, Ollie Yiru, Walter Yu-Hang Lam, Amy Wai-Yee Wong, Duangporn Duangthip, and Chun-Hung Chu. "Nonrestorative Management of Dental Caries." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 10 (October 18, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9100121.

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The World Dental Federation (FDI) policy statement in 2016 advocated evidence-based caries-control measures for managing dental caries. The caries management philosophy has shifted from the traditional surgical manners to minimal intervention dentistry. Minimal intervention dentistry aims to extend the longevity of natural teeth. It places the nonrestorative approaches as a priority. The nonrestorative approaches for caries management aim to tackle the etiological factors of dental caries. Caries can be prevented or reversed by restricting the sugar intake and its frequency in the diet, improving oral hygiene practices, and using fluoride toothpaste. This article aims to present strategies for the nonrestorative management of dental caries, which are divided into four components to address the different etiological factors of dental caries. The first component is controlling dental plaque. Strategies for plaque control include oral hygiene instruction, motivational interviewing, mechanical plaque control, and chemical plaque control. The second component for nonrestorative management is reducing the risk of caries by identifying caries risk factors and protective factors, assessing personal caries risk, and customizing a treatment plan. Evidence-based measures for caries prevention include using fluoride, and dental sealants should be provided. The third component includes topical treatment to remineralise early carious lesions. The last component is long-term follow-up. Appropriate strategy adoption for the nonrestorative management of dental caries prolongs the life span of the teeth and sustains the good oral health of patients.
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Pradhan, Babita, Deepa Kunwar, Rebicca Ranjit, and Namrata Gyawali. "Prevalence of type of dental caries among the patients visiting a tertiary health care center in the Western region of Nepal." Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal 17, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v17i1.64685.

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Introduction: Dental caries is one of the major public health problems globally due to its high prevalence and significant social impact. The objective of the present study was to assess the most prevalent type of dental caries among the studied population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 participants. The data were collected by intraoral examination of the subjects, where the type of dental caries in each patient was examined. The surfaces infected with dental caries were recorded as occlusal pit and fissure caries, root caries, smooth surface caries, and recurrent caries. Descriptive statistical methods were applied for data analysis. Results: The most prevalent type of dental caries was found to be the occlusal pit and fissure caries 595(66.04%) followed by smooth surface caries 220(24.42%), recurrent caries 54(5.99%) and root caries 32(3.55%). The occlusal pit and fissure caries was more prevalent in the mandibular arch 298(67.73%). Males had more prevalence of different types of dental caries. Based on the age group, 40 to 50 years age group had the most prevalent type of occlusal pit and fissure caries 60(20%). Conclusions: The results showed a high prevalence of occlusal pit and fissure caries in the study population followed by smooth surface caries, recurrent caries, and root caries.
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Dayo, Adeyinka F., Mark S. Wolff, Ali Z. Syed, and Mel Mupparapu. "Radiology of Dental Caries." Dental Clinics of North America 65, no. 3 (July 2021): 427–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2021.02.002.

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45

Peric, Tamara, Dejan Markovic, and Slavoljub Zivkovic. "Dental caries: Therapeutic possibilities." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, no. 11-12 (2008): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0812662p.

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Contemporary tendencies in dentistry are based on the concept of maximal protection of healthy tooth tissues. Caries removal has been done traditionally with mechanical rotary instruments that are fast and precise. However, conventional cavity preparation has potential adverse effects to the pulp due to heat, pressure and vibrations. Moreover, drilling often causes pain and requires local anaesthesia, and these procedures are frequently perceived as unpleasant. Etiology, development and prevention of dental caries are better understood today and new restorative materials that bond micromechanically and/or chemically to dental tissues have been introduced. Thus, development of a new, less destructive caries removal technique is allowed. In the last decades, many alternative methods have been introduced in an attempt to replace rotary instruments. These are claimed to be efficient and selective for diseased tissues and to offer comfortable treatment to the patients. New methods include air abrasion, air polishing, ultrasonic, polymer burs, enzymes, systems for chemo-mechanical caries removal, and lasers. The aim of this paper was to discuss various caries removal techniques and possibilities of their use in clinical practice. Based on the literature review it can be concluded that none of the new caries removal methods can completely replace conventional rotary instruments.
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Romero-González, María Alejandra. "Azúcar y caries dental." REVISTA ODONTOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA 18, no. 1 (September 15, 2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33738/spo.v18i1.280.

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La caries dental es originada por interacciones complejas que provo-can la desmineralización del tejido dental, debido a la presencia de ácidos que son producidos por las bacterias cariogénicas. El dolor y la infección causada por la caries dental genera deterioro funcional y disminución de la calidad de vida. La caries es considerada un proble-ma de salud de alcance mundial que afecta entre el 60% y el 90% de la población escolar con una mayor prevalencia en niños de grupos socioeconómicos bajos. El alto consumo de azúcares libres ha sido implicado en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, incluyendo la obesidad, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la ca-ries dental. Es por tal motivo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el año 2015 recomendó reducir la ingesta de azúcares libres a menos del 10% de la ingesta total de energía y preferiblemente por debajo del 5%, tanto en adultos como en niños. Por consiguiente, una orientación temprana a los padres en la consulta odontológica sobre el consumo de azúcares libres tendría el potencial de beneficiar tanto a la salud oral como a la salud general. El propósito del presente artículo es revisar la bibliografía actual rela-cionada con el consumo de azúcar y la caries dental.
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Damle, S. G. "Early Childhood Dental Caries." Journal of Academy of Dental Education 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jade/2014/2388.

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48

Balaji, SM. "Dental caries: Research perspective." Indian Journal of Dental Research 29, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_61_18.

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Shams Kazi, Amtul Qayoom, Waqas Iqbal, and Saeed Sattar Shaikh. "PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 04 (December 9, 2018): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.04.2301.

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Objective: Prevalence of dental caries among patients attended Isra Dental CollegeOPD. Setting/ Methodology: A total of 1037 patients with dental carries were recruited from theoutpatient clinic of the Department of Dentistry Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. All 1037patients who were affected by Dental caries were included in the analysis. Research period wasfrom January 2013 to December 2013. Local ethical committee approval was obtained before thetrial started from the local research ethical committee, Isra University Hospital and all patientsgave written informed consent. Written information about the study was given to each patientbefore attending the clinic. All participants of the study had undergone careful clinical evaluationincluding a full medical history and clinical examination to confirm the diagnosis of dental caries.Determination of whether the patient fulfils the inclusion / exclusion criteria; written, witnessedinformed consent was obtained and a copy given to the patient. They were assured that they canwithdraw from the study, at any time, without being required to state a reason and this would notaffect their future management. Duration: January to December 2013. Sample Size: Atconfidence level 1 and precision 0.1; calculated sample size was 1037. Study Design: CrossSectional Study. Sampling Technique: Non-Probability Sampling Technique. InclusionCriteria: Patients of ages 11-70 years participated as a study inhabitants were included.Exclusion Criteria: Chronic debilitating disease (carcinoma, tuberculosis and diabetes).Prolong steroid therapy (more than one month). BMI less than 18 (Before gathering informationBMI was computed from several patients by scaling via height and weight scale). Results: Themean age of the participants was 28 years and ranged between 0 and 60 years; the majority of theparticipants were Male, 60% (n=600), while 40% (n=400) were female. The entire population(n=1000) was invited to participate in the quality evaluation of dental restorations in the hospital.However, only those patients who had been willing to participate in the evaluation were included.As mentioned above, a total of 1000 out of 1037 patients had agreed in this specific evaluation. Atooth was recorded as “decayed” if it was presented with deteriorated and discolored conditionor it had a presentably softened floor or created an ecological imbalance in the equilibriumbetween tooth, minerals and oral bio-films (plaque). The result of conducted study depicts thatMean DMFT is higher in males i.e 0.99 and in females its 1. The present study confirmed thefindings comparing to previous studies by stating that DMFT keeps on increasing as the ageincreases. The mean DMFT in age 11-20 is 0.005, 21-40 is 0.003 and 40-60 is 0.001. However, thefindings of the current study cannot be generalized because selective nature of inhabitants.Conclusions: Therefore it’s the responsibility of family dentist to educate patients aboutavailable treatment options and their expected outcomes. The research has evaluated the dentalcaries risk profile in the adult population and the caries-related factors which can contribute to therisk which were identified. The core reason for this unacceptable rating of such restorations wasrecurrent level of dental caries.
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Richardson, Peter S. "Dental Caries Risk Assessment." Military Medicine 171, no. 2 (February 2006): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed.171.2.153.

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