Journal articles: 'Dental caries in children Australia'

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Goldfeld, Sharon, Kate Louise Francis, Monsurul Hoq, Loc Do, Elodie O’Connor, and Fiona Mensah. "The Impact of Policy Modifiable Factors on Inequalities in Rates of Child Dental Caries in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111970.

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Background: Poor oral health in childhood can lead to adverse impacts later in life. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and population distribution of childhood dental caries in Australia and investigate factors that might ameliorate inequalities. Methods: Data from the nationally representative birth cohort Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (N = 5107), using questions assessing: The experience of dental caries during each biennial follow-up period (2–3 years to 10–11 years), socioeconomic position (SEP), and policy modifiable oral health factors. Results: The odds of dental caries were higher for children with lowest vs. highest SEP (adjusted OR (adjOR) 1.92, 95% CI 1.49–2.46), and lower where water was fluoridated to recommended levels (adjOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.43–0.64). There was no evidence of an association between caries experience and either reported sugary diet or tooth brushing. When SEP and fluoridation were considered in conjunction, compared to the highest SEP group with water fluoridation children in the lowest SEP with fluoridation had adjOR 1.54 for caries, (95% CI 1.14–2.07), and children in the lowest SEP without fluoridation had adjOR 4.06 (95% CI 2.88–5.42). For patterns of service use: The highest SEP group reported a greater percentage of service use in the absence of caries. Conclusions: Dental caries appears prevalent and is socially distributed in Australia. Policy efforts should consider how to ensure that children with dental caries receive adequate prevention and early care with equitable uptake.

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de Silva, Andrea M., Jacqueline Martin-Kerry, Alexandra Geale, and Deborah Cole. "Flying blind: trying to find solutions to Indigenous oral health." Australian Health Review 40, no. 5 (2016): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15157.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to identify all published evidence about oral health in Indigenous children in Australia and to determine trends in Indigenous oral health over time. Methods PubMed was used to search for published peer-reviewed articles that reported caries (decay) prevalence rates and/or caries experience (based on caries indices) in Indigenous children. Studies included in the analysis needed to report clinical oral health data (not self-reported dental experiences), and articles were excluded if they reported caries in only a select, specific or targeted sample (e.g. only children undergoing hospital admissions for dental conditions). Results The review identified 32 studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies reported data from the Northern Territory (n = 14), Western Australia (n = 7), South Australia (n = 7), Queensland (n = 7), New South Wales (n = 1), Australian Capital Territory (n = 1) and Tasmania (n = 1). Of the studies, 47% were in rural locations, 9% were in urban locations and 44% were in both rural and urban locations. Data are limited and predominantly for Indigenous children living in rural locations, and there are no published studies on caries in Indigenous children living in Victoria. Conclusions The present study documents the published prevalence and severity of caries in Indigenous children living in Australia and highlights that limited oral health data are available for this priority population. Although risk factors for oral disease are well known, most of the studies did not analyse the link between these factors and oral disease present. There is also inconsistency in how caries is reported in terms of age and caries criteria used. We cannot rely on the available data to inform the development of policies and programs to address the oral health differences in Indigenous populations living contemporary lives in metropolitan areas. What is known about the topic? Many studies report that Indigenous people have poorer general health in Australia compared with non-Indigenous people. What does this paper add? This paper documents the available published prevalence and experience of caries for Indigenous children in Australia. It demonstrates significant limitations in the data, including no Victorian data, inconsistency with reporting methods and most data being for Indigenous children who are living in rural locations. What are the implications for practitioners? It is important for practitioners to have access to oral health data for Indigenous children in Australia. However, the present study highlights significant knowledge gaps for this population group and identifies ways to collect data in future studies to enable more meaningful comparisons and policy development.

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Peres, M. A., X. Ju, M. Mittinty, A. J. Spencer, and L. G. Do. "Modifiable Factors Explain Socioeconomic Inequalities in Children’s Dental Caries." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 11 (August 3, 2019): 1211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519866628.

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The aim of this article was to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries experience among Australian children and to identify factors that explain area-level socioeconomic inequalities in children’s dental caries. We used data from the National Child Oral Health Survey conducted in Australia between 2012 and 2014 ( n = 24,664). Absolute and relative indices of socioeconomic inequalities in the dental caries experience in primary and permanent dentition (decayed, missing, and filled surfaces [dmfs] and DMFS, respectively) were estimated. In the first stage, we conducted multilevel negative binomial regressions to test the association between area-level Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) and dental caries experience (dmfs for 5- to 8-y-olds and DMFS for 9- to 14-y-olds) after adjustment for water fluoridation status, sociodemographics, oral health behaviors, pattern of dental visits, and sugar consumption. In the second stage, we performed Blinder-Oaxaca and Neumark decomposition analyses to identify factors that explain most of the area-level socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries. Children had a mean dmfs of 3.14 and a mean DMFS of 0.98 surfaces. Children living in the most disadvantaged and intermediately disadvantaged areas had 1.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.69–2.27) and 1.45 (1.26–1.68) times higher mean dmfs and 1.53 (1.36–1.72) and 1.43 (1.27–1.60) times higher mean DMFS than those living in the most advantaged areas, respectively. Water fluoridation status (33.6%), sugar consumption (22.1%), parental educational level (14.2%), and dental visit patterns (12.7%) were the main factors explaining area-level socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries in permanent dentition. Among all the factors considered, the factors that contributed most in explaining inequalities in primary dental caries were dental visits (30.3%), sugar consumption (20.7%), household income (20.0%), and water fluoridation status (15.9%). The inverse area-level socioeconomic inequality in dental caries was mainly explained by modifiable risk factors, such as lack of fluoridated water, high sugar consumption, and an unfavorable pattern of dental visits.

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Goldfeld, Sharon, Kate L. Francis, Elodie O’Connor, Johnny Ludvigsson, Tomas Faresjö, Beatrice Nikiema, Lise Gauvin, et al. "Comparative inequalities in child dental caries across four countries: Examination of international birth cohorts and implications for oral health policy." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): e0268899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268899.

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Child dental caries (i.e., cavities) are a major preventable health problem in most high-income countries. The aim of this study was to compare the extent of inequalities in child dental caries across four high-income countries alongside their child oral health policies. Coordinated analyses of data were conducted across four prospective population-based birth cohorts (Australia, n = 4085, born 2004; Québec, Canada, n = 1253, born 1997; Rotterdam, the Netherlands, n = 6690, born 2002; Southeast Sweden, n = 7445, born 1997), which enabled a high degree of harmonization. Risk ratios (adjusted) and slope indexes of inequality were estimated to quantify social gradients in child dental caries according to maternal education and household income. Children in the least advantaged quintile for income were at greater risk of caries, compared to the most advantaged quintile: Australia: AdjRR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.04–1.34; Québec: AdjRR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.36–2.10; Rotterdam: AdjRR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.36–2.04; Southeast Sweden: AdjRR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.10–1.71). There was a higher risk of caries for children of mothers with the lowest level of education, compared to the highest: Australia: AdjRR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.01–1.38; Southeast Sweden: AdjRR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.81–2.96; Rotterdam: AdjRR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.71–2.30; Québec: AdjRR = 1.16, 95%CI = 0.98–1.37. The extent of inequalities varied in line with jurisdictional policies for provision of child oral health services and preventive public health measures. Clear gradients of social inequalities in child dental caries are evident in high-income countries. Policy related mechanisms may contribute to the differences in the extent of these inequalities. Lesser gradients in settings with combinations of universal dental coverage and/or fluoridation suggest these provisions may ameliorate inequalities through additional benefits for socio-economically disadvantaged groups of children.

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Skinner, John, Yvonne Dimitropoulos, Woosung Sohn, Alexander Holden, Boe Rambaldini, Heiko Spallek, Rahila Ummer-Christian, et al. "Child Fluoride Varnish Programs Implementation: A Consensus Workshop and Actions to Increase Scale-Up in Australia." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081029.

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This paper presents the findings of the National Fluoride Varnish Workshop in 2018 along with subsequent actions to scale-up the use of fluoride varnish nationally in Australia. The use of fluoride varnish programs to prevent dental caries in high-risk child populations is an evidence-based population health approach used internationally. Such programs have not been implemented at scale nationally in Australia. A National Fluoride Varnish Consensus Workshop was held in Sydney in November 2018 with an aim of sharing the current work in this area being undertaken by various Australian jurisdictions and seeking consensus on key actions to improve the scale-up nationally. Forty-four people attended the Workshop with oral health representatives from all Australian state and territory health departments, as well as the Australian Dental Association (ADA) at both NSW branch and Federal levels. There was strong support for further scale-up of fluoride varnish programs nationally and to see the wider use of having non-dental professionals apply the varnish. This case study identifies key actions required to ensure scale-up of systematic fluoride varnish programs as part of a strategic population oral health approach to preventing dental caries among high-risk children who may not routinely access dental care.

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Australian Research Centre for Popu. "Dental caries trends in Australian school children." Australian Dental Journal 56, no. 2 (May 30, 2011): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01332.x.

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Carr, L. M. "Frequency distribution of children in Australia according to dental caries experience." Australian Dental Journal 30, no. 2 (April 1985): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1985.tb05354.x.

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Fernando, S., S. K. Tadakamadla, M. Bakr, P. A. Scuffham, and N. W. Johnson. "Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Children: A Holistic Approach." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084419834236.

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Background Dental caries in children is a major public health problem worldwide, with a multitude of determinants acting upon children to different degrees in different communities. The objective of this study was to determine maternal, environmental, and intraoral indicators of dental caries experience in a sample of 6- to 7-y-old children in South East Queensland, Australia. Methods: A total of 174 mother-child dyads were recruited for this cross-sectional study from the Griffith University Environments for Healthy Living birth cohort study. Maternal education, employment status, and prepregnancy body mass index were maternal indicators, and annual household income was taken as a proxy for environmental indicators. These were collected as baseline data of the study. Clinical data on children’s dental caries experience, saliva characteristics of buffering capacity, stimulated flow rate, and colony-forming units per milliliter of salivary mutans streptococci were collected for the oral health substudy. Univariate analysis was performed with 1-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests. Caries experience was the outcome, which was classified into 4 categories based on the number of carious tooth surfaces. Ordinal logistic regression was used to explore the association of risk indicators with caries experience. Results: Age ( P = 0.021), low salivary buffering capacity ( P = 0.001), reduced levels of salivary flow rate ( P = 0.011), past caries experience ( P = 0.001), low annual household income; <$30,000 (P = 0.050) and <$60,000 (P = 0.033) and maternal employment status ( P = 0.043) were associated with high levels of dental caries. Conclusion These data support the evidence of associations between maternal, environmental, and children’s intraoral characteristics and caries experience among children in a typical Western industrialized country. All of these need to be considered in preventative strategies within families and communities. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians, epidemiologists, and policy makers to identify children who are at risk of developing dental caries. With consideration of costs for treatment for the disease, this information could be used to plan cost-effective and patient-centered preventive care.

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Alsharif, Alla, Estie Kruger, and Marc Tennant. "Future projections of child oral-related hospital admission rates in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 6 (2016): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15132.

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This study aimed to project the hospital admission rates of Western Australian children for oral conditions, with a particular focus on dental caries, embedded and impacted teeth, and pulp and periapical conditions through to the year 2026. Two methods were used to generate projection data through to the year 2026, using the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Dataset for the period 1999–2000 to 2008–2009. The projected admission rate increase in those children aged 14 years and younger from 2000 to 2026 was 43%. The admission rates are expected to more than double over time (7317 cases in 2026 compared to only 3008 cases in 2000) for those children living in metropolitan areas. Dental caries, embedded and impacted teeth, and pulp and periapical conditions will remain the top (mostly) preventable causes of admission throughout this time. Anticipating the future burden of oral-related hospital admissions in children, in terms of expected numbers of cases, is vital for optimising the resource allocation for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. A concerted effort will be required by policymakers and oral healthcare communities to effect substantial change for the future.

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Davies, M. J., A. J. Spencer, and G. D. Slade. "Trends in dental caries experience of school children in Australia - 1977 to 1993." Australian Dental Journal 42, no. 6 (December 1997): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1997.tb06083.x.

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Jamieson, Lisa, Lisa Smithers, Joanne Hedges, Helen Mills, Kostas Kapellas, Diep Ha, Loc Do, and Xiangqun Ju. "Follow-up of Intervention to Prevent Dental Caries Among Indigenous Children in Australia." JAMA Network Open 2, no. 11 (November 27, 2019): e1915611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15611.

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Lee, JG, and LJ Brearley Messer. "Contemporary fluid intake and dental caries in Australian children." Australian Dental Journal 56, no. 2 (May 9, 2011): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01313.x.

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Skinner, John, Yvonne Dimitropoulos, Boe Rambaldini, Thomas Calma, Kate Raymond, Rahila Ummer-Christian, Neil Orr, and Kylie Gwynne. "Costing the Scale-Up of a National Primary School-Based Fluoride Varnish Program for Aboriginal Children Using Dental Assistants in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 8774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238774.

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There is good evidence that fluoride varnish programs are effective in preventing dental caries in children. This study aims to provide a costing for the scale-up of a child fluoride varnish program in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Most child fluoride varnish programs are school-based, and a number of studies have examined the acceptability and cost effectiveness of using non-dental providers to apply the fluoride varnish. This paper describes the number of primary schools in Australia that could be targeted using a standard population-based risk criteria based on published data. A costing method was developed for various scenarios of school enrolment and provider types, along with potential revenue from the Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS). Most of the costs of a school-based fluoride varnish program can be covered by the CDBS with assumptions of 80% child consent and 75% CDBS eligibility. While the scale-up of child fluoride varnish programs to prevent dental caries has been recommended by numerous strategic plans and reports, particularly for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, limited progress has been made. This paper concludes that using a standardized criteria for targeting schools using a combination of ICSEA and Aboriginal enrolments, and aiming at four applications a year, is feasible, and that the main costs of the program could be covered by using the CDBS.

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Lalloo, Ratilal, Santosh K. Tadakamadla, Jeroen Kroon, Lisa M. Jamieson, Robert S. Ware, and Newell W. Johnson. "Carious lesions in permanent dentitions are reduced in remote Indigenous Australian children taking part in a non-randomised preventive trial." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0244927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244927.

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We tested the effect of an annual caries preventive intervention, delivered by a fly-in/fly-out oral health professional team, with Indigenous children residing in a remote Australian community. Around 600 Indigenous children aged 5 to 17 years were invited to participate at baseline, of who 408 had caregiver consent. One hundred and ninety-six consented to the epidemiological examination and intervention (Intervention group) and 212 consented to the epidemiological examination only (Comparison group). The intervention, which occurred annually, comprised placement of fissure sealants on suitable teeth, and application of povidone-iodine and fluoride varnish to the whole dentition, following completion of any necessary restorative dental treatment. Standard diet and oral hygiene advice were provided. Caries increment (number of tooth surfaces with new dental caries) in both deciduous and permanent dentitions was measured at the 2-year follow-up. Comparison group children had significantly higher number of new surfaces with advanced caries in the permanent dentition than the Intervention group (IRR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.02–2.54; p = 0.04); with a preventive fraction of 43%. The effect of intervention remained significant with children in the Comparison group developing significantly more advanced caries lesions in the permanent dentition than the Intervention group children in the adjusted multivariable analysis (IRR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.03–4.71). Indigenous children exposed to the intervention had less increment in advanced dental caries in the permanent dentition than those not exposed to the intervention.

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Soloshenko, J. I. "POSSIBILITIES OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES USING DURING DENTAL RESTORATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.3.2022.10.

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Caries of temporary teeth in children occurs already from the first year of life, and the prevalence and intensity of early childhood caries tend to increase with age. Therefore, its treatment in children of early childhood and preschool age is a difficult but very important task for a dentist. The purpose of our study was to compare different approaches to oral hygiene in children of early childhood and preschool age. We examined 25 children aged 2 to 6 years who had suband decompensated caries and belonged to 2 health groups. These children were divided into two groups depending on the approach to dental treatment. The first group consisted of 10 children who were treated in outpatient settings. The second group consisted of 15 children who underwent oral rehabilitation under general anesthesia. The children of the first group were 5-6 years old persons, the second group included 2-5 years old children. Treatment of children of the 1st group, who had a positive attitude to dental manipulations, was carried out under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. In the 2nd group of children who had either a negative attitude to dental treatment or an early age, rehabilitation was carried out under general anesthesia. Isolation of the working field was carried out using a rubberdam system. Universal nano-ceramic material SeramX SphereTEC one (Dentsply) was used for permanent fillings. When diagnosing pulpitis, treatment was carried out by the method of vital amputation or extirpation. Bio MTA Plus (Cerkamed P.P.H, Poland) was used as biological material during amputation, and Metapex filling material (Meta Biomed) was used to fill root canals during extirpation. Riva LC (SDI Limited, Australia) was used as a gasket for pulpitis. Research results and their discussion. We could not (in the most cases) provide quality treatment to the children of the 1st group, despite the fact that they had an older age, a lower intensity of caries, and a lower percentage of complicated caries. Although there is a significant number of dental visits (from 4 to 9) compared to children of the 2nd group, who were completely rehabilitated in the oral cavity in one visit. Conclusions. As the results of the clinical study demonstrated, it is better to treat children in early childhood and preschool age who have a high intensity of caries under general anesthesia. This will allow the doctor to carry out the high-quality treatment according to modern protocols with a predictable result and will save the child from a negative experience of dental treatment, which in the future will make it possible to safely carry out rehabilitation of the oral cavity in an outpatient setting.

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Gussy, Mark, Rosie Ashbolt, Lauren Carpenter, Monica Virgo‐Milton, Hanny Calache, Stuart Dashper, Pamela Leong, et al. "Natural history of dental caries in very young Australian children." International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 26, no. 3 (May 13, 2015): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12169.

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Do, L. G., A. J. Spencer, and D. H. Ha. "Association between Dental Caries and Fluorosis among South Australian Children." Caries Research 43, no. 5 (2009): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000235580.

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Ha, D. H., A. J. Spencer, K. G. Peres, A. J. Rugg-Gunn, J. A. Scott, and L. G. Do. "Fluoridated Water Modifies the Effect of Breastfeeding on Dental Caries." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519843487.

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Breastfeeding is important for health and development. Yet, the interaction between breastfeeding duration and usage of fluoridated water on caries experience has not been investigated. This study examined exposure to fluoridation as an effect modifier of the association between breastfeeding duration and caries. The 2012 to 2014 national population-based study of Australian children involved parental questionnaires and oral epidemiological assessment. Children were grouped by parent-reported breastfeeding duration into minimal (none or <1 mo), breastfed for 1 to <6 mo, breastfed for 6 to 24 mo, and sustained (>24 mo). Residential history and main water source used for the first 2 y of life were collected to group children into exposed (WF) and nonexposed (NF) to fluoridation. Socioeconomic status, infant formula feeding, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption data were collected. The prevalence and severity of caries in children aged 5 to 6 y were primary outcomes. Multivariable regression models with robust error estimation were generated to compute prevalence ratios (PRs) and mean ratios (MRs) for 3 breastfeeding groups against the reference (breastfed for 6–24 mo). Of the 5- to 6-y-old children, 2,721 were in the WF and 1,737 were in the NF groups. The groups had comparable distributions of socioeconomic factors, infant formula feeding, and SSB consumption. There were U-shape distributions of caries experience among breastfeeding groups, being more pronounced among NF children. Among NF children, the minimal and sustained breastfeeding groups had significantly higher PR (1.4 [1.1–1.9] and 1.8 [1.4–2.4]) and MR (2.1 [1.4–3.3] and 2.4 [1.4–4.1]) than the reference group. However, among the WF children, this association between breastfeeding duration and caries attenuated after adjustment for other factors. The study contributes evidence of a nonlinear (U-shape) association between breastfeeding duration and dental caries. Early life exposure to fluoridated drinking water attenuated the potential cariogenic effect of both lack of and sustained breastfeeding.

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Ju, Xiangqun, Loc Do, Diep Ha, and Lisa Jamieson. "Association of Modifiable Risk Factors With Dental Caries Among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Children in Australia." JAMA Network Open 2, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): e193466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3466.

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Haag, Dandara G., Lisa M. Jamieson, Joanne Hedges, and Lisa G. Smithers. "Is There an Association between Breastfeeding and Dental Caries among Three-Year-Old Australian Aboriginal Children?" Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112811.

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An unresolved question about breastfeeding is its effect on caries, in particular, early childhood caries (ECC). In secondary analyses of data from an ECC intervention, we describe breastfeeding among Aboriginal children and associations between breastfeeding and ECC. Breastfeeding (duration and exclusivity to six months) was grouped into mutually exclusive categories. ECC was observed by a calibrated dental professional. Outcomes were prevalence of ECC (% decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the primary dentition (% dmft>0)) and caries severity (mean number of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (mean dmfs)) in children aged three years. Analyses were adjusted for confounding. Multiple imputation was undertaken for missing information. Of 307 participants, 29.3% were never breastfed, 17.9% exclusively breastfed to six months, and 9.3% breastfed >24 months. Breastfeeding >24 months was associated with higher caries prevalence (adjusted prevalence ratio (PRa) 2.06 (95%CI 1.35, 3.13, p-value = 0.001) and mean dmfs (5.22 (95% CI 2.06, 8.38, p-value = 0.001), compared with children never breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding to six months with breastfeeding <24 months was associated with 1.45 higher caries prevalence (95% CI –0.92, 2.30, p-value = 0.114) and mean dmfs 2.04 (−0.62, 4.71, p-value = 0.132), compared with never breastfeeding. The findings are similar to observational studies on breastfeeding and caries but not with randomized controlled trials of breastfeeding interventions. Despite attending to potential biases, inconsistencies with trial evidence raises concerns about the ability to identify causal effects of breastfeeding in observational research.

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Manohar, Narendar, Andrew Hayen, Jane A. Scott, Loc G. Do, Sameer Bhole, and Amit Arora. "Impact of Dietary Trajectories on Obesity and Dental Caries in Preschool Children: Findings from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids Study." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072240.

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This study examines the impact of longitudinal dietary trajectories on obesity and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children in Australia. Mother–infant dyads from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids study were interviewed at 4 and 8 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Children underwent anthropometric and oral health assessments between 3 and 4 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression analysis were performed for the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the number of tooth surfaces with dental caries, respectively. The intake of core, discretionary, and sugary foods showed distinct quadratic (n = 3) trajectories with age. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 10% (n = 72) and that of early childhood caries (ECC) was 33% (mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) score: 1.96). Children with the highest trajectories of discretionary foods intake were more likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted OR: 2.51, 95 %CI: 1.16–5.42). Continued breastfeeding beyond 12 months was associated with higher dmfs scores (adjusted IRR: 2.17, 95 %CI: 1.27–3.73). Highest socioeconomic disadvantage was the most significant determinant for overweight or obesity (adjusted OR: 2.86, 95 %CI: 1.11–7.34) and ECC (adjusted IRR: 2.71, 95 %CI: 1.48–4.97). Targeted health promotion interventions should be designed to prevent the incidence of two highly prevalent conditions in preschool children.

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Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Vatsna Rathore, Amy E. Mitchell, Newell Johnson, and Alina Morawska. "Protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an online parenting intervention for promoting oral health of 2–6 years old Australian children." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e056269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056269.

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IntroductionDental decay is a major problem among Australian children. It can be prevented through good self-care and limiting sugar intake, but many parents/caregivers lack the skills and confidence to help their children adopt these practices. This trial will evaluate the efficacy ofHealthy Habits Triple P - Oral health,a web-based online programme, in improving children’s oral health-related behaviours (toothbrushing, snacking practices and dental visits) and related parenting practices, thereby preventing dental caries.Methods and analysisThis is a cluster, parallel-group, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial of an online intervention for parents/caregivers of children aged 2–6 years. From the City of Gold Coast (Australia), 18 childcare centres will be randomly selected, with equal numbers randomised into intervention and control arms. Intervention arm parents/caregivers will receive access to a web-based parenting intervention while those in the control arm will be directed to oral health-related information published by Australian oral health agencies. After the completion of the study, theHealthy Habits Triple P - Oral healthintervention will be offered to parents/caregivers in the control arm. The primary outcome of this trial is toothbrushing frequency, which will be assessed via Bluetooth supported smart toothbrushes and parent/caregiver report. Data on other outcomes: parenting practices and child behaviour during toothbrushing, consumption of sugar rich foods and parents’ confidence in dealing with children’s demands for sugar rich food, and dental visiting practices, will be collected through a self-administered questionnaire at baseline (before randomisation), and 6 weeks (primary endpoint), 6 months and 12 months after randomisation. Data on dental caries will be collected at baseline, 12 and 18 months post-randomisation.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from Human Research Ethics Committees of Griffith University (2020/700) and the University of Queensland (2020002839). Findings will be submitted for publication in leading international peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000566831.

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Plutzer, Kamila, and Marc J. N. C. Keirse. "Influence of an Intervention to Prevent Early Childhood Caries Initiated before Birth on Children’s Use of Dental Services up to 7 Years of Age." Open Dentistry Journal 8, no. 1 (May 30, 2014): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601408010104.

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Background : In a previously reported randomised controlled trial, advising first time mothers on the prevention of early childhood caries from before their child was born, decreased the prevalence of early childhood caries at 20 months of age 5-fold. Objective: We examined the effect of the intervention on the frequency and nature of dental visits up to 7 years of age. Methods: Of 649 expectant mothers who participated in the trial, 277 completed a “Child Oral Health Survey” 7 years later. Their answers were compared with those of a comparison group of 277 mothers selected at random among those living in the same area with a first child born in the same year enrolled with the South Australian School Dental Services (SA SDS). Results: Only 1.5% of children had a dental visit before 12 months of age and only 4% before 2 years of age unless a dental problem had arisen. The age at the first visit did not differ among groups, but the reasons for the visit did as did the number of visits and the need for treatment under sedation or anaesthesia. In the trial group, 34% of first visits were for pain, 29% for injury, and 29% for concern with appearance. In the comparison group, pain was the main concern in 49%, injury in 9.5%, and appearance in 25% (p=0.019). Over time, children in the trial had an average of 2.2 visits compared with 3.1 in the comparison group. In the intervention group of the trial, no child had required treatment under sedation or general anaesthesia compared with 2.9% in the control group, and 6.5% in the comparison group. Only 15% of mothers reported that they had received any information on caries prevention from health care professionals other than dental care practitioners. Conclusion: Providing first-time mothers with guidance on the prevention of childhood caries decreased the use of dental services to deal with problems in preschool children.

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Aminian, Parmis, Estie Kruger, and Marc Tennant. "Association between Western Australian children’s unplanned dental presentations and the socioeconomic status of their residential area." Australian Health Review 46, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah21006.

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Objective This study investigated the link between socioeconomic status and unplanned dental presentations at the Perth Children’s Hospital (PCH), as well as the link between the socioeconomic status of unplanned dental patients and any previous admissions to the PCH. Methods Records of 351 unplanned visits to the PCH were collected, including reason for attendance (infection, trauma, other), the patient’s residential location (suburb) and the history of any previous presentations at the PCH. The socioeconomic status of each patient was based on the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage, divided into quintiles. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to spatially map the residential locations of the patients with unplanned dental presentations. QGIS was used to map and geocode the data. Analysis of variance and Chi-squared tests were used to determine associations between subgroups and other variables. Results ‘Unplanned dental presentation’ in this study refers to patients who present without an appointment, including by referral from the emergency department of the PCH or outside the PCH. Approximately two-thirds of unplanned dental presentation among patients from low socioeconomic groups were for dental infection, whereas the major reason for presentation among patients from higher socioeconomic groups was trauma. More than half the patients in low socioeconomic groups had at least one previous presentation at the PCH due to other medical issues. Conclusion Children from low socioeconomic groups, or from outside of Perth, were more likely to present with dental infections, which are mostly preventable at the primary care level; these patients often presented a more significant burden to the health system. Public health interventions should aim to promote preventive oral health care, especially for children from low socioeconomic groups. What is known about the topic? In Western Australia, the most common dental problems requiring hospitalisation among children is dental caries, and children from the lowest socioeconomic backgrounds have the highest prevalence of dental hospitalisations. What does this paper add? Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to have an unplanned presentation at the only tertiary children’s hospital in Western Australia due to dental infection. What are the implications for practitioners? Improved access to public dental services, especially in low socioeconomic areas, and the development of more strategies to reduce unplanned dental presentations at a tertiary hospital are needed.

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Do, L. G., and A. J. Spencer. "Risk-Benefit Balance in the Use of Fluoride among Young Children." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 8 (August 2007): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600807.

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This study aimed to evaluate the risk-benefit balance of several fluoride exposures. Fluoride exposure history of randomly selected children was collected for calculation of exposure to fluoridated water, toothpaste, and other fluoride sources. We evaluated the risk-benefit balance of fluoride exposure by comparing dental fluorosis on maxillary central incisors, recorded at the time of the study with the use of the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index, and deciduous caries experience, recorded at age six years, of the same group of South Australian children who were from 8 to 13 years old in 2002–03. Population Attributable Risk for fluorosis and Population Prevented Fraction for caries were estimated. Fluorosis prevalence was found to be 11.3%; caries prevalence, 32.3%; mean dmfs, 1.57 (SD 3.3). Exposure to fluoridated water was positively associated with fluorosis, but was negatively associated with caries. Using 1000-ppm-F toothpaste (compared with 400- to 550-ppm-F toothpaste) and eating/licking toothpaste were associated with higher risk of fluorosis without additional benefit in caries protection. Evaluation of the risk-benefit balance of fluoride exposure provides evidence to assist in the formulation of appropriate guidelines for fluoride use.

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Do, Loc G., Steven M. Levy, and A. John Spencer. "Association between infant formula feeding and dental fluorosis and caries in Australian children." Journal of Public Health Dentistry 72, no. 2 (October 20, 2011): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00290.x.

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Jamieson, Lisa M., Lisa G. Smithers, Joanne Hedges, Jacqueline Aldis, Helen Mills, Kostas Kapellas, Herenia P. Lawrence, John R. Broughton, and Xiangqun Ju. "Follow-up of an Intervention to Reduce Dental Caries in Indigenous Australian Children." JAMA Network Open 2, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): e190648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0648.

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Rogers, J. G., G. G. Adams, F. A. C. Wright, K. Roberts-Thomson, and M. V. Morgan. "Reducing Potentially Preventable Dental Hospitalizations of Young Children: A Community-Level Analysis." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 3, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084418764312.

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An increasing number of Australians are being admitted to hospitals and day procedure centers to have dental treatment under a dental general anesthetic (DGA). Children younger than 2 y are having DGAs. These operations are costly and, although there have been improvements in safety, are not without risk. Most DGAs in children are to treat dental caries and have been defined as potentially preventable dental hospitalizations (PPDHs). This article reports on an analysis of the impact of access to community water fluoridation (CWF), availability of oral health professionals (OHPs), and socioeconomic status (SES) on PPDHs of 0- to 4-y-olds in 2012–2013 in Victoria, Australia. Data on these variables were obtained at the community (postcode) level. From the negative binomial multivariate analysis, each of the 3 independent variables was independently significantly associated with PPDHs at the postcode level. Children residing in postcodes without CWF on average had 59% higher rates than those with access (incident rate ratio [IRR], 1.59; P < 0.0001), children in postcodes with the lowest level of availability of OHPs had 65% higher rates than those with the highest access (IRR, 1.65; P < 0.0001), and children living in the most disadvantaged SES quintiles had 57% higher rates than children in the most advantaged quintiles (IRR, 1.57; P < 0.0001). There was a stepwise social gradient by SES quintile. In analysis of access to CWF and SES status, children without access to CWF had 86% higher PPDH rates than children with access (IRR, 1.86; P < 0.0001). In summary, no access to CWF, poor availability of OHPs, and lower SES status were independently associated with higher PPDH rates among 0- to 4-y-olds in Victoria at the postcode level. The study highlights the importance of considering 3 interacting factors—access to CWF, access to OHPs, and SES—in efforts to reduce PPDH rates in young children. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Extending access to water fluoridation, increasing the availability of dental services, and raising disadvantaged families’ socioeconomic status are each likely to decrease the rate of dental general anesthetics in young children.

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Hooley, M., H. Skouteris, and L. Millar. "The relationship between childhood weight, dental caries and eating practices in children aged 4-8 years in Australia, 2004-2008." Pediatric Obesity 7, no. 6 (August 21, 2012): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00072.x.

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Armfield, Jason M., A. John Spencer, Kaye F. Roberts-Thomson, and Katrina Plastow. "Water Fluoridation and the Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Dental Caries in Australian Children." American Journal of Public Health 103, no. 3 (March 2013): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2012.300889.

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Ha, Diep Hong, Ju Xiangqun, Mejia Gloria Cecilia, Armfield Jason, Loc G. Do, and Lisa M. Jamieson. "Social inequality in dental caries and changes over time among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian children." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 40, no. 6 (August 14, 2016): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12566.

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Nguyen, T. M., Y. S. Hsueh, M. V. Morgan, R. J. Mariño, and S. Koshy. "Economic Evaluation of a Pilot School–Based Dental Checkup Program." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084417708549.

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The objectives of this study were to perform an economic evaluation of a targeted school-based dental checkup program in northern metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria. A 12-mo retrospective case-control cohort analysis using the decision tree method evaluated the incremental cost-utility and cost-effectiveness ratio (ICUR/ICER) for passive standard care dental services and an outreach pilot intervention completed in 2013. A societal perspective was adopted. A total of 273 children ( n = 273) aged between 3 and 12 y met the inclusion/exclusion criteria: 128 in the standard care group and 145 in the intervention group. The total society costs included health sector costs, patient/family costs, and productivity losses in 2014 Australian dollars. Outcome measures were evaluated using quality-adjusted tooth years (QATY) and the combined deciduous and permanent decayed, missing, and filled teeth prevented (DMFT-prevented). A generic outcome variable was created to determine the impact of the intervention to reach underserved populations based on government concession eligibility (cardholder status). Uncertainties were incorporated using 95% confidence intervals. The mean total society cost per child is $463 and $291 ( P = 0.002), QATY utility difference is 0.283 and 0.293 ( P = 0.937), effectiveness difference is 0.16 and 0.10 ( P = 0.756), and cardholder status is 50.0% and 66.2% ( P = 0.007), respectively, for the standard care and intervention groups. On average per child, there was a cost saving of $172 and improvement of 0.01 QATY, with an additional proportion of 16.2% of cardholder children reached. The calculated ICER was $3,252 per DMFT-prevented. The intervention dominates standard care for QATY and per 1% cardholder reached outcome measures. Our study found the pilot checkup program was largely less costly and more effective compared with the current standard care. Further research is needed to quantify the value of outreach interventions to prevent dental caries development and progression in populations from low socioeconomic status. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this research demonstrated that an outreach dental program can be less costly and more effective than standard models of dental care. It showed that a school-based dental checkup program is beneficial despite other opinions that dental screening is ineffective as a method to improve public dental health. There is fiscal economic evidence to support broader expansion of similar programs locally and internationally to reduce dental caries for children from low-income families.

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Arrow, Peter. "Restorative Outcomes of a Minimally Invasive Restorative Approach Based on Atraumatic Restorative Treatment to Manage Early Childhood Caries: A Randomised Controlled Trial." Caries Research 50, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442093.

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A pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing a minimally invasive approach based on atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) procedures (test) was tested against the standard-care approach (control) to treat early childhood caries (ECC) in a primary-care setting in Perth, W.A., Australia. Parent/child dyads with ECC were allocated to the test or control group using stratified block randomisation. Children were examined at baseline and follow-up by two calibrated examiners blinded to group allocation status. Dental therapists trained in ART provided treatment to the test group and dentists treated the control group. Restoration quality was evaluated at follow-up using the ART criteria. Data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis; test of proportions, Wilcoxon rank test and logistic regression, controlling for clustering of teeth, were used. Two hundred and fifty-four children were randomised (test = 127 and control = 127). There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex and baseline caries experience between the test and control groups. At follow-up (mean interval 11.4 months, SD 3.1), 220 children were examined (test = 115 and control = 105) and 597 teeth (test = 417 and control = 180) were evaluated for restoration quality, of which 16.8% (test) and 6.7% (control) were judged to have failed (required replacement; p < 0.01). Intention-to-treat, multiple logistic regression found multisurface restorations (OR = 10.4) had significantly higher odds of failure, while referral for specialist paediatric care had significantly lower odds of restoration failure (OR = 0.2). The ART-based approach enabled more children and teeth to be treated, and multisurface restoration and treatment in a primary-care setting had higher odds of restoration failure.

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Kroon, Jeroen, Ratilal Lalloo, Santhosh K. Tadakamadla, and Newell W. Johnson. "Dental caries experience in children of a remote Australian Indigenous community following passive and active preventive interventions." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 47, no. 6 (July 21, 2019): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12486.

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Slade, Gary D., Michael J. Davies, A. John Spencer, and Judy F. Stewart. "Associations Between Exposure to Fluoridated Drinking Water and Dental Caries Experience among Children in Two Australian States." Journal of Public Health Dentistry 55, no. 4 (September 1995): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1995.tb02373.x.

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Ha, Diep H., A. John Spencer, Gary D. Slade, and Andrew D. Chartier. "The accuracy of caries risk assessment in children attending South Australian School Dental Service: a longitudinal study." BMJ Open 4, no. 1 (January 2014): e004311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004311.

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Heilbrunn-Lang, Adina Y., Lauren M. Carpenter, Andrea M. de Silva, Lisa K. Meyenn, Gillian Lang, Allison Ridge, Amanda Perry, Deborah Cole, and Shalika Hegde. "Family-centred oral health promotion through Victorian child-health services: a pilot." Health Promotion International 35, no. 2 (April 21, 2019): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz025.

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Abstract Maternal and Child Health Services (MCHS) provide ideal settings for oral disease prevention. In Victoria (Australia), child mouth-checks (Lift-the-Lip) and oral health promotion (OHP) occur during MCHS child visits. This study trialled Tooth-Packs (OHP resources, toothbrushes, toothpastes) distribution within MCHS to (i) assess the impacts of Tooth-Packs distribution on child and family oral health (OH) behaviours and knowledge, including Maternal and Child Health Nurses (MCHN) child referral practices to dental services, and (ii) determine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating Tooth-Packs distribution into MCHN OHP practices. A mixed-methods evaluation design was employed. MCHN from four high-needs Victorian Local Government Areas distributed Tooth-Packs to families of children attending 18-month and/or 24-month MCHS visits (baseline). Families completed a questionnaire on OH and dietary practices at baseline and 30-month follow-up. Tooth-Packs distribution, Lift-the-lip mouth-checks and child OH referrals were conducted. Guided discussions with MCHN examined intervention feasibility. Overall, 1585 families received Tooth-Packs. Lift-the-lip was conducted on 1493 children (94.1%). Early childhood caries were identified in 142 children (9.5%) and these children were referred to dental services. Baseline to follow-up behavioural improvements (n = 230) included: increased odds of children having ever seen an OH professional (OR 28.0; 95% CI 7.40–236.88; p < 0.001), parent assisted toothbrushing twice/day (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.05–3.00; p = 0.030) and toothpaste use >once/day (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.59–5.24; p < 0.001). MCHN recommendations included distribution of Tooth-Packs to at-risk children <12-months of age. MCHS provide an ideal setting to enable timely family-centred OHP intervention and adoption of good OH behaviours at an early age.

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Estai, Mohamed, Stuart Bunt, Yogesan Kanagasingam, and Marc Tennant. "Cost savings from a teledentistry model for school dental screening: an Australian health system perspective." Australian Health Review 42, no. 5 (2018): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16119.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the costs of teledentistry and traditional dental screening approaches in Australian school children. Methods A cost-minimisation analysis was performed from the perspective of the oral health system, comparing the cost of dental screening in school children using a traditional visual examination approach with the cost of mid-level dental practitioners (MLDPs), such as dental therapists, screening the same cohort of children remotely using teledentistry. A model was developed to simulate the costs (over a 12-month period) of the two models of dental screening for all school children (2.7 million children) aged 5–14 years across all Australian states and territories. The fixed costs and the variable costs, including staff salary, travel and accommodation costs, and cost of supply were calculated. All costs are given in Australian dollars. Results The total estimated cost of the teledentistry model was $50 million. The fixed cost of teledentistry was $1 million and that of staff salaries (tele-assistants, charters and their supervisors, as well as information technology support was estimated to be $49 million. The estimated staff salary saved with the teledentistry model was $56 million, and the estimated travel allowance and supply expenses avoided were $16 million and $14 million respectively; an annual reduction of $85 million in total. Conclusions The present study shows that the teledentistry model of dental screening can minimise costs. The estimated savings were due primarily to the low salaries of dental therapists and the avoidance of travel and accommodation costs. Such savings could be redistributed to improve infrastructure and oral health services in rural or other underserved areas. What is known about the topic? Caries is a preventable disease, which, if it remains untreated, can cause significant morbidity requiring costly treatment. Regular dental screening and oral health education have the great potential to improve oral health and save significant resources. The use of role substitution, such as using MLDPs to provide oral care has been well acknowledged worldwide because of their ability to provide safe and effective care. The teledentistry approach for dental screening offers a comparable diagnostic performance to the traditional visual approach. What does this paper add? The results of the present study suggest that teledentistry is a practical and economically viable approach for mass dental screening not only for isolated communities, but also for underserved urban communities. The costs of the teledentistry model were substantially lower than the costs associated with a conventional, face-to-face approach to dental screening in both remote and urban areas. The primary driver of net savings is the low salary of MLDPs and avoidance of travel and overnight accommodation by MLDPs. What are the implications for practitioners? The use of lower-cost MLDPs and a teledentistry model for dental screening has the potential to save significant economic and human resources that can be redirected to improve infrastructure and oral care services in underserved regions. In the absence of evidence of the economic usefulness of teledentistry, studies such as the present one can increase the acceptance of this technology among dental care providers and guide future decisions on whether or not to implement teledentistry services.

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Sims, C., B. Stanley, and E. Milne. "The Frequency of and Indications for General Anaesthesia in Children in Western Australia 2002–2003." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 33, no. 5 (October 2005): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0503300512.

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We conducted a retrospective database search of the Hospital Morbidity Data System at the Health Department of Western Australia to determine the number of anaesthetics given to children aged 16 years or less in Western Australia over a twelve-month period. Information was also collected to assess the types of surgery for which anaesthesia was being provided, and the categories of hospital in which children were being anaesthetized. We found that 28,522 anaesthetics were given to 24,981 children, and 2,462 (9.9%) children had more than one anaesthetic. Five and a half percent of the children in Western Australia had an anaesthetic during the twelve months studied. The most common types of surgery were ear nose and throat (28% of anaesthetics), general (21%), dental/oral procedures (17%) and orthopaedic (15%). There was a bimodal distribution in the incidence of anaesthesia versus age, with peaks at 4 years and at 16 years. The most common category of hospital that children were anaesthetized in was private metropolitan (40%) followed by tertiary (38%), rural (14%) and public metropolitan (8%). One thousand, seven hundred and seven children aged less than one year were given an anaesthetic. These anaesthetics were most frequently given to children in tertiary hospitals (62%) followed by private metropolitan (30%), public metropolitan (6%) and rural hospitals (2%).

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Ju, Xiangqun, Lisa M. Jamieson, and Gloria C. Mejia. "Estimating the effects of maternal education on child dental caries using marginal structural models: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Australian Children." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 44, no. 6 (September 28, 2016): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12259.

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Slade, Gary D., Ross S. Bailie, Kaye Roberts-Thomson, Amanda J. Leach, Iris Raye, Colin Endean, Bruce Simmons, and Peter Morris. "Effect of health promotion and fluoride varnish on dental caries among Australian Aboriginal children: results from a community-randomized controlled trial." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 39, no. 1 (January 12, 2011): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00561.x.

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Zheng, Miaobing, Mihiri Silva, Stephanie Heitkonig, Gavin Abbott, Sarah A. McNaughton, and Karen J. Campbell. "Evaluation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Capturing Free Sugars Intake in Australian Young Children: The InFANT FFQ." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021557.

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Excess free sugars intake contributes to dental caries and obesity in children. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) that assess free sugars intake in young children are limited. This study evaluated the utility of a 68-item FFQ to assess free sugars intake in Australian young children against three 24-h recalls at ages 1.5, 3.5, and 5.0 years. Free sugars intakes estimated from two methods were compared using group- and individual-level validation tests. Group-level tests revealed that mean free sugars intakes estimated from two methods were similar and Bland-Altman tests revealed no presence of proportional bias at age 1.5 years. For ages 3.5 and 5.0 years, the FFQ underestimated the free sugars intake compared to the recalls, and Bland-Altman tests revealed proportional bias. For individual-level tests, the deattenuated correlation (R) between free sugars intakes estimated from two methods exhibited good agreement across three time-points (R: 0.54–0.62), as were the percentage agreement (68.5–73.6%) and weighted kappa (Kw: 0.26–0.39). The FFQ showed good validity at age 1.5 years. For ages 3.5 and 5.0 years, the FFQ showed good validity for individual-level tests only. The FFQ provided stronger validity in the ranking of individuals according to free sugars intake than comparing absolute free sugars intake at group level.

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Pankhurst, Morgan, Kaye Mehta, Louisa Matwiejczyk, Carly J. Moores, Ivanka Prichard, Sandra Mortimer, and Lucinda Bell. "Treats are a tool of the trade: an exploration of food treats among grandparents who provide informal childcare." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 14 (May 31, 2019): 2643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000685.

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AbstractObjective:Globally, grandparents are the main informal childcare providers with one-quarter of children aged ≤5 years regularly cared for by grandparents in Australia, the UK and USA. Research is conflicting; many studies claim grandparents provide excessive amounts of discretionary foods (e.g. high in fat/sugar/sodium) while others suggest grandparents can positively influence children’s diet behaviours. The present study aimed to explore the meaning and role of food treats among grandparents who provide regular informal care of young grandchildren.Design:Qualitative methodology utilising a grounded theory approach. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus groups, then thematically analysed.Setting:Participants were recruited through libraries, churches and playgroups in South Australia.Participants:Grandparents (n 12) caring for grandchild/ren aged 1–5 years for 10 h/week or more.Results:Three themes emerged: (i) the functional role of treats (e.g. to reward good behaviour); (ii) grandparent role, responsibility and identity (e.g. the belief that grandparent and parent roles differ); and (iii) the rules regarding food treats (e.g. negotiating differences between own and parental rules). Grandparents favoured core-food over discretionary-food treats. They considered the risks (e.g. dental caries) and rewards (e.g. pleasure) of food treats and balanced their wishes with those of their grandchildren and parents.Conclusions:Food treats play an important role in the grandparent–grandchild relationship and are used judiciously by grandparents to differentiate their identity and relationship from parents and other family members. This research offers an alternative narrative to the dominant discourse regarding grandparents spoiling grandchildren with excessive amounts of discretionary foods.

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Jamieson, Lisa M., Joanne Hedges, X. Ju, Kostas Kapellas, Cathy Leane, Dandara G. Haag, Pedro Ribeiro Santiago, Davi Manzini Macedo, Rachel M. Roberts, and Lisa G. Smithers. "Cohort profile: South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC)—a prospective longitudinal birth cohort." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e043559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043559.

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PurposeThe South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC) is a prospective, longitudinal birth cohort established to: (1) estimate Aboriginal child dental disease compared with population estimates; (2) determine the efficacy of an early childhood caries intervention in early versus late infancy; (3) examine if efficacy was sustained over time and; (4) document factors influencing social, behavioural, cognitive, anthropometric, dietary and educational attainment over time.ParticipantsThe original SAABC comprised 449 women pregnant with an Aboriginal child recruited February 2011 to May 2012. At child age 2 years, 324 (74%) participants were retained, at age 3 years, 324 (74%) participants were retained and at age 5 years, 299 (69%) participants were retained. Fieldwork for follow-up at age 7 years is underway, with funding available for follow-up at age 9 years.Findings to dateAt baseline, 53% of mothers were aged 14–24 years and 72% had high school or less educational attainment. At age 3 years, dental disease experience was higher among children exposed to the intervention later rather than earlier in infancy. The effect was sustained at age 5 years, but rates were still higher than general child population estimates. Experiences of racism were high among mothers, with impacts on both tooth brushing and toothache. Compared with population estimates, levels of self-efficacy and self-rated oral health of mothers at baseline were low.Future plansOur data have contributed to a better understanding of the environmental, behavioural, dietary, biological and psychosocial factors contributing to Aboriginal child oral and general health, and social and emotional well-being. This is beneficial in charting the trajectory of cohort participants’ health and well-being overtime, particularly in identifying antecedents of chronic diseases which are highly prevalent among Aboriginal Australians. Funding for continued follow-up of the cohort will be sought.Trial registration numberACTRN12611000111976; Post-results.

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Dhamo, Brunilda, Besiana Elezi, Lea Kragt, Eppo B. Wolvius, and Edwin M. Ongkosuwito. "Does dental caries affect dental development in children and adolescents?" Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 18, no. 2 (May 20, 2018): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2018.2841.

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Although a link between dietary changes, caries, and dental development has been observed, the literature provides little insight about this relationship. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between dental caries and dental development in a clinical sample of Albanian children and adolescents. In total, 118 children and adolescents, born between 1995 and 2004 and aged 6–15 years, were included. Dental caries in the deciduous dentition was assessed using the Decayed, Filled Teeth (dft) index and dental caries in the permanent dentition was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Dental development during the permanent dentition was determined using the Demirjian method. Linear and ordinal regression models were applied to analyze the associations of dental caries with dental age and developmental stages of each left mandibular tooth. Dental caries in the deciduous dentition, estimated as a median dft of 2.0 (90% range, 0.0–9.1), was significantly associated with lower dental age (β = -0.21; 90% CI: -0.29, -0.12) and with delayed development of the canine, both premolars, and the second molar. Untreated dental caries (dt) was associated with lower dental age (β = -0.19; 90% CI: -0.28, -0.10). Dental caries in the permanent dentition, estimated as a median DMFT of 1.0 (90% range, 0.0–8.0), was not significantly associated with dental age (β = 0.05; 90% CI: -0.04, 0.14). However, the DMFT was associated with the advanced stages of development of both premolars and the second molar. The untreated dental caries in the deciduous dentition delays the development of permanent teeth.

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AAMIR, SADIDA, SHAKIL AHMAD, and IMRAN SARWAR. "DENTAL CARRIES." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 05 (October 15, 2013): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.05.1527.

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Dental disease is prevalent among young children, particularly those from lower socioeconomic populations; however,few preschool-aged children ever visit a dentist. Dental caries is a common childhood disease. Objectives: To observe the frequency ofdental caries particularly focusing on effects of regular brushing habits with fluoride tooth paste on dental caries in children of differentcommunities of Faisalabad. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting Four communities of Faisalabad located at: Punjab MedicalCollege Colony, Youngwala, Agricultural University Colony, People Colony No.2. Duration of study: Six months from 01-07-2009 to 31-12-2009. Subjects and Methods: Total 379 patients were included in this study. Dental caries status was recorded after completeintraoral examination of selected children. Sample of drinking water was taken from each patient and fluoride level was measured inLaboratory. Results: Mean age of the children was observed 8.8±1.8 years. When socioeconomic status of studied population wasconsidered majority i.e. 150 children (39.6%) was from higher socioeconomic class, 139 children (36.7%) were from middle class and90 children (23.7%) from lower socioeconomic class. As for as sources of drinking water is concerned 132 children (34.9%) usingground water, 113 children (29.8%) canal water, 83 children (21.9%) filtered water and 51 children (13.4%) mineral water and level offluoride in drinking water, (sources ground water, canal, filter water and mineral water is < 0.7 PPM which is suboptimal for cariesprotection). Conclusions: Regular brushing with fluoride containing tooth paste were very effective in preventing dental caries. Dentalhealth services should focus primarily on the prevention of dental caries.

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Riordan, P. J. "Dental Caries and Fluoride Exposure in Western Australia." Journal of Dental Research 70, no. 7 (July 1991): 1029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345910700070201.

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Junaidi, Junaidi, Madarina Julia, and Julita Hendratini. "Hubungan keparahan karies gigi dengan konsumsi zat gizi dan status gizi anak sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Lhoknga Kabupaten Aceh Besar." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17481.

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Background: The prevalence of dental caries in children is high. Caries may prevent children from properly digest food, which is then impair nutritional intake and cause malnutrition.Objectives: To assess the relation between the severity of dental caries with nutritional status and nutrient intake of 8-10 years old school children, in the sub district of Lhoknga, Aceh Besar, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.Methods: This was a case-control study of 54 undernourished children as cases compared to 54 well-nourished children matched for age as control. The severity of dental caries was assessed by a dentist using a caries severity index used by the WHO.Results: The prevalence of dental caries in undernourished children was 90.7%, while in well-nourished children was 54.7%. The odds ratio (95% CI) for having dental caries in malnourished children was 7.3 (2.2-26.6), p<0,001. Compared to children without caries, the odds (95% CI) for undernourished in children suffering from severe dental caries was 10.3 (3.2-38.5). Dental caries was associated with lower intake of energy. The relative risk (95% CI) for children with severe caries to have inadequate energy intake was 4.9 (1.7–14.7), p<0.001.Conclusions: Nutritional status was associated with the severity of dental caries. Children with severe dental caries had lower energy intake.

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Sikder, Muhammad Alam, Tasneem Faruqui, KM Abdullah Al Harun, Sajjad Mahmud, and Radia Faruqui. "Prevalence of Dental Caries in Children." Update Dental College Journal 11, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v11i1.53000.

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This cross sectional study on oral condition among school going children in Sylhet city was conducted at Osmani Medical High School, Dorgah Gate, Sylhet, Bangladesh. This study was carried out on 8th October, 2019 among 208 students, mostly 12 years aged studying in Class VI. The main objective of the study was to assess the oral health condition of school going children through decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) status. Data was collected by personal interview and clinical examination of the respondents. Among 208 children, 96 (46.2%) were boys and 112 (53.8%) were girls. Among all, 63 (30.3%) respondents brush their teeth once daily while 137 (65.9 %) respondents brush twice a day, and 8 (3.8 %) of them brush their teeth more than twice daily. Fluoride containing toothpaste is used by 73 (35.1 %) students, 112 (53.8 %) students did not know whether their toothpaste contain fluoride or not, and 23 (11.1 %) students do not use fluoride. Among all respondents, 125(60.09 %) did not have any decayed tooth, while 83(39.90 %) had tooth decay, and 20(9.6 %) had their teeth filled. Normal gingival condition was found in 185 (88.94 %) subjects, but 23(11.06 %) of them had red or swollen gingiva. The mean DMFT of the study population was 1.19 which is considered as “low” according to “WHO quantification for the DMFT index”. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11 (1): 4-6

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Divaris, K. "Predicting Dental Caries Outcomes in Children." Journal of Dental Research 95, no. 3 (December 8, 2015): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034515620779.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dental caries in children Australia'

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