Relevant bibliographies by topics / Density of trees

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Density of trees'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Density of trees"

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Yunusov, R., and M. Sattorova. "Productivity Of Intensive Varieties In Apple Trees Depends On Density Of Trees In Orchards." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 05 (May 22, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue05-01.

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In this article, the productivity of intensive apple varieties was studied, grafting on vegetatively propagated medium-sized stock MM - 106 Golden Delicious and Korey. In a long-term watering experience, it was revealed that in the optimal planting scheme of 6 × 4, the yield of apple fruits increased by 12-15%, the quality of apple fruits improved significantly.
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Bobkov, Anton. "VC-density for trees." Archive for Mathematical Logic 58, no. 5-6 (November 30, 2018): 587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00153-018-0652-1.

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Shafii, Bahman, James A. Moore, and James D. Newberry. "Individual-tree diameter growth models for quantifying within-stand response to nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-153.

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Diameter-increment models for nitrogen-fertilized stands were developed using data from permanent research plots in northern Idaho. The equations partially resembled PROGNOSIS model diameter growth formulations. Results indicated that both initial tree size and initial stand density produced significant interactions with treatment to explain an individual tree's response to fertilization. Larger trees in a stand showed more fertilization response than smaller trees. Furthermore, individual trees in low-density stands showed more fertilization response than those growing in high-density stands. These diameter increment predictive equations were formulated to be compatible with individual-tree distance-independent simulation models.
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Tomášková, I., R. Pokorný, and V. Marek M. "Influence of stand density, thinning and elevated CO2 on stem wood density of spruce." Journal of Forest Science 53, No. 9 (January 7, 2008): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2142-jfs.

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Stem wood density (SWD) of young Norway spruce trees (<i>Picea abie</I>s [L.] Karst.) growing at ambient (A variant, 350 &micro;mol(CO<sub>2</sub>)/mol) and elevated (E variant, A + 350 &micro;mol(CO<sub>2</sub>)/mol) atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration inside of the glass domes with adjustable windows was estimated after six and eight years of the cultivation. Stand density of two subvariants (s – sparse with ca 5,000 trees/ha and d – dense with ca 10,000 trees/ha) and thinning impact (intensity of 27%) on SWD and its variation along the stem vertical profile were investigated. After six years of CO<sub>2</sub> fumigation, stems of sparse subvariant had about 10% lower values of SWD comparing to dense ones, although the difference was not statistically significant. In 2004 (two years after thinning), the SWD values were higher in all subvariants along the whole stem vertical profile. This increase was more obvious in E variant (about 6% in d subvariant and only 3% in s subvariant). The highest increase of SWD values was found in Ed subvariant, particularly in the middle stem part (about 8%, statistically significant increase).
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Kuo, Shu-Fu, and Yu-Shan Shih. "Variable selection for functional density trees." Journal of Applied Statistics 39, no. 7 (July 2012): 1387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2011.649717.

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Jim, C. Y. "Trees and high-density urban development." Habitat International 17, no. 3 (January 1993): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(93)90014-4.

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Meyer, Daniel W. "Density estimation with distribution element trees." Statistics and Computing 28, no. 3 (May 16, 2017): 609–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11222-017-9751-9.

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De Mil, Tom, Yegor Tarelkin, Stephan Hahn, Wannes Hubau, Victor Deklerck, Olivier Debeir, Joris Van Acker, Charles de Cannière, Hans Beeckman, and Jan Van den Bulcke. "Wood Density Profiles and Their Corresponding Tissue Fractions in Tropical Angiosperm Trees." Forests 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120763.

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Wood density profiles reveal a tree’s life strategy and growth. Density profiles are, however, rarely defined in terms of tissue fractions for wood of tropical angiosperm trees. Here, we aim at linking these fractions to corresponding density profiles of tropical trees from the Congo Basin. Cores of 8 tree species were scanned with X-ray Computed Tomography to calculate density profiles. Then, cores were sanded and the outermost 3 cm were used to semi-automatically measure vessel lumen, parenchyma and fibre fractions using the Weka segmentation tool in ImageJ. Fibre wall and lumen widths were measured using a newly developed semi-automated method. An assessment of density variation in function of growth ring boundary detection is done. A mixed regression model estimated the relative contribution of each trait to the density, with a species effect on slope and intercept of the regression. Position-dependent correlations were made between the fractions and the corresponding wood density profile. On average, density profile variation mostly reflects variations in fibre lumen and wall fractions, but these are species- and position-dependent: on some positions, parenchyma and vessels have a more pronounced effect on density. The model linking density to traits explains 92% of the variation, with 65% of the density profile variation attributed to the three measured traits. The remaining 27% is explained by species as a random effect. There is a clear variation between trees and within trees that have implications for interpreting density profiles in angiosperm trees: the exact driving anatomical fraction behind every density value will depend on the position within the core. The underlying function of density will thus vary accordingly.
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Marini, Richard P., and Donald S. Sowers. "Peach Tree Growth, Yield, and Profitability as Influenced by Tree Form and Tree Density." HortScience 35, no. 5 (August 2000): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.5.837.

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`Norman' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were trained to the central-leader or open-vase form and were planted at high (740 trees/ha), or low (370 trees/ha) density. A third density treatment was a HIGH → LOW density, where alternate trees in high-density plots were removed after 6 years to produce a low-density treatment. From 3 to 5 years after planting, trunk cross-sectional areas (TCA) increased most for low-density trees. After 9 years, TCA was greatest for low-density and least for high-density trees. Because of differences in tree training, central-leader trees were taller than open-vase trees and tree spread was greater for low-density than for high-density trees. Annual yield per hectare was 15% to 40% greater for high-density treatments than for low-density treatments, but tree form had little influence on yield. Average fruit weight tended to be greater for low-density than for high-density treatments, but cumulative marketable yield was greatest for high-density and lowest for HIGH → LOW treatments. Income minus costs for 9 years was nearly $4200/ha higher, and net present value was about $2200/ha higher, for open-vase than for central-leader trees (P = 0.08). Cumulative net present value for the 9 years was about $2660/ha higher for high-than for low-density trees (P = 0.36).
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Marini, Richard P. "618 Tree Form and Tree Density Affect Peach Tree Cropping and Profitability." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 554B—554. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.554b.

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`Norman' peach trees were trained to the central-leader or open-vase form and were planted at high (740 trees/ha) or low (370 trees/ha) density. A third density treatment was a high/low density, where alternate trees in high-density plots were removed after 6 years to produce a low-density treatment. Annual yield per hectare was ≈15% to 40% greater for high-density treatments than for low-density treatments, but tree form had little influence on yield. Fruit size tended to be greater for low-density than for high-density treatments, but cumulative marketable yield was greatest for high-density and lowest for high/low density treatments. After 9 years, cumulative crop value was higher for open-vase than central-leader treatments (P = 0.12), but tree density had less of an effect on crop value (P = 0.21). Cumulative costs were highest for high-density treatments, but were not influenced by tree form. Income minus costs was nearly $4500/ha higher for open-vase than for central-leader trees and net present value was more than $2000/ha higher for high-density than low-density trees (P = 0.20). Open-vase trees were more profitable than central leader trees and should be planted at densities of about 700 trees/ha in the mid-Atlantic region.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Density of trees"

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Hall, Justine Michelle. "Trees in towns : factors affecting the distribution of trees in high density residential areas of Greater Manchester." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trees-in-towns-factors-affecting-the-distribution-of-trees-in-high-density-residential-areas-of-greater-manchester(568b58f3-4524-4a8d-abba-2094c4e21567).html.

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The distribution of trees across urban areas of the UK has been shown to be uneven, with lower density residential areas containing many more trees and much higher tree cover than areas of higher density housing. However, in Greater Manchester, tree number within high density housing areas also varies substantially. This thesis sought to explore the reasons for this variation in tree cover, whether tree cover should be increased and if so, how. The research investigated a potential cause for the variation in number of trees and tree cover within high density housing areas – housing type – for the study area of western Greater Manchester. Eleven different types of high density housing were categorised and all high density housing within the study area was classified as one of these types. Within these housing types, the amount of tree cover was determined, along with the proportions of other surface types. The land uses where the trees were growing were also determined. Finally, the potential increases in tree cover were also calculated for each housing type by a simulated planting technique. Maximum surface temperatures and rainfall runoff were calculated using computer models, for both existing and potential tree cover in each housing type. It was found that urban tree cover varies from 1.6% in pre 1919 terraced housing that opens directly onto the road to 14.8% in 1960s walkway-style housing. Tree cover could theoretically be increased by at least 5% in all housing types, reducing maximum surface temperatures by at least 1°C. In housing types with less than 4% existing tree cover, maximum surface temperatures could be reduced by up to 4.5°C. The views of residents were determined using a postal questionnaire about urban trees sent to residents of 4 different types of street environment. Residents of all street types surveyed were very positive about urban trees; their attitudes were not affected by whether there are trees in their street or not. The vast majority of respondents considered trees important to their quality of life, and that cost to the council should not prevent tree planting. The views and practices around urban trees and greening by practitioners were determined by running a workshop and their recommendations to increase tree cover are presented. These include changes in funding to include money for tree maintenance after planting, the importance of a full tree inventory and innovative ways to raise funding for trees. The effectiveness of a community greening scheme at increasing tree cover was compared with two regeneration schemes. The community tree planting scheme was found to deliver tree planting much closer to the potential than regeneration schemes.
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Agha, N. S. A. "High-density planting system for Bramley's seedling apple trees." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373464.

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Smart, Nicholas. "Street Trees Across Culture and Climate : A Comparative Analysis of Density and Distribution." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278520.

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The positive relationship between humans and nature is manifest in the urban greening movement, which has taken root in cities around the world. Street trees are an essential component of urban design and have emerged from a variety of historic legacies, both human and environmental. While the growing body of research on street trees has considered street tree density and distribution across cities, it has not situated these metrics in the broader discussion on the historical legacies of urban greening. This study considers five capital cities (Ottawa, Stockholm, Buenos Aires, Paris, and Washington, D.C.) spanning two climate zones and three continents to analyze the density and distribution of street trees by asking two questions: (1) what is the density and distribution of street trees across a given city and its street hierarchy? (2) how do these metrics compare within and between cities by climate zone? Preexisting datasets from local authorities are used to execute a geospatial analysis of the street tree structure of the central zone of each city. The results of this study shed light on the importance of place-specificity in informing the street tree legacy of cities and questions the existing primacy of the city-wide canopy cover metric as a global norm in planning practice.
Det positiva förhållandet mellan människor och natur är manifest i stadsförgröningsrörelsen (urban greening movement), vilket har etablerat sig i städer runtom i världen. Gatuträd är en essentiell komponent av stadsutformning och har växt fram från en mångfald av historiska arv, båda mänskliga och miljömässiga. Medan allt mer forskning om gatuträd har betraktat gatuträdtäthet och distribution tvärs över städer, har den inte placerat dessa mätmetoder i den större diskussionen om historiska arv av stadsförgröning. Denna studie betraktar fem huvudstäder (Ottawa, Stockholm, Buenos Aires, Paris, och Washington, D.C.) över två klimatzoner och tre kontinenter för att analysera gatuträdtäthet och distribution genom att ställa två frågor: (1) vad är tätheten och distributionen av gatuträd genom en stad och dess gatunätverkshierarki? (2) hur jämförs dessa mätmetoder inom och mellan städer i samma klimatzon? Befintliga data från lokala myndigheter används för att utföra en georumslig analys av gatuträdstrukturen i centralzonen av varje stad. Resultaten belyser platsspecificitetens vikt att inverka stadsgatuträdsarv och ifrågasätter den befintliga dominansen av stadsträdkronstäckning som en global norm inom planeringspraktik.
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Akachuku, A. E. "Intra-Annual Variation in Wood Density in Gmelina Arborea from X-Ray Densitometry and its Relationship with Rainfall." Tree-Ring Society, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261361.

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The variation in wood density within growth rings was determined from X-ray negative images of wood samples of Gmelina arborea. The within-tree and between-tree comparisons showed that no two growth rings had exactly similar patterns of variation in the radial direction. The proportions of wood in four within-ring density classes were estimated. The variations in the proportions of wood in the four classes with age were nonlinear. On the average, the proportion of low density wood decreased with increasing age, while the proportion of high density wood increased with age. Regression analysis testing different curvilinear models showed that 37 to 99 per cent of the variations in the proportions of wood were associated with variations in age. Maximum and minimum ring density were negatively correlated with dry season rainfall. Variations in the proportion of high density wood and mean ring density were not associated with corresponding variation in dry season rainfall. The proportions of low and high density wood, mean ring density, maximum ring density and minimum ring density were not determined by annual rainfall.
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O'Donnell, Alison J., Kathryn J. Allen, Robert M. Evans, Edward R. Cook, and Valerie Trouet. "Wood density provides new opportunities for reconstructing past temperature variability from southeastern Australian trees." Elsevier B.V, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621340.

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Tree-ring based climate reconstructions have been critical for understanding past variability and recent trends in climate worldwide, but they are scarce in Australia. This is particularly the case for temperature: only one tree-ring width based temperature reconstruction – based on Huon Pine trees from Mt Read, Tasmania – exists for Australia. Here, we investigate whether additional tree- ring parameters derived from Athrotaxis cupressoides trees growing in the same region have potential to provide robust proxy records of past temperature variability. We measured wood properties, including tree-ring width (TRW), mean density, mean cell wall thickness (CWT), and tracheid radial diameter (TRD) of annual growth rings in Athrotaxis cupressoides, a long-lived, high-elevation conifer in central Tasmania, Australia. Mean density and CWT were strongly and negatively correlated with summer temperatures. In contrast, the summer temperature signal in TRW was weakly positive. The strongest climate signal in any of the tree-ring parameters was maximum temperature in January (mid-summer; JanTmax) and we chose this as the target climate variable for reconstruction. The model that explained most of the variance in JanTmax was based on TRW and mean density as predictors. TRW and mean density provided complementary proxies with mean density showing greater high-frequency (inter-annual to multi-year) variability and TRW showing more low-frequency (decadal to centennial-scale) variability. The final reconstruction model is robust, explaining 55% of the variance in JanTmax, and was used to reconstruct JanTmax for the last five centuries (1530–2010 C.E.). The reconstruction suggests that the most recent 60 years have been warmer than average in the context of the last ca. 500 years. This unusually warm period is likely linked to a coincident increase in the intensity of the subtropical ridge and dominance of the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode in summer, which weaken the influence of the band of prevailing westerly winds and storms on Tasmanian climate. Our findings indicate that wood properties, such as mean density, are likely to provide significant contributions toward the development of robust climate reconstructions in the Southern Hemisphere and thus toward an improved understanding of past climate in Australasia.
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Rokicki, Jonathan, and Henrik Pira. "Foliage generation tool based on a Lindenmeyer system : A study on branch density of trees in video games." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Fakulteten för datavetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18402.

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Context. Procedurally generated content is a common way for companiesto save time and resources when creating modern video games.However, with generation of content there is often many variables controllingthe outcome that is tricky to get right. Objectives. The aim of this thesis is to research how people perceivethe branch density of trees used in video games. This will be done bycreating a foliage generation tool that is based on the functionality ofan L-system. The tool will be used to generate 12 trees with differentbranch densities which will be used for the questionnaire in the userexperiment. Method. A foliage generation tool has been created to be able togenerate trees with different branch and twig densities. The trees generatedwith the tool have been used in a user experiment in order tocome to a conclusion on how people perceive different branch densityin virtual trees. Result. Trees with higher branch and twig densities were rated higherthan trees with lower ones. The best rated tree in all regards was atree in the group with the second most main branches and had 0.6 intwig density. Conclusions. The results show that trees with a higher branch densitymade participants rate it as better looking in the user experiment.Although, trees with a high number of main branches and low twigdensity got the lowest score.
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McDaniel, Virginia. "Density and Age Distributions of Trees in Upland and Lowland Oldfields 60 Years After Abandonment: The Role of Dispersal." TopSCHOLAR®, 2000. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/727.

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I attempted to determine whether the patterns of seedling establishment described in the literature for forests and recently abandoned oldfields are maintained in fields sixty years after abandonment. To determine this distribution pattern, as well as to compare patterns of age and density distribution in upland and lowland oldfields, I conducted research at Mammoth Cave National Park. I studied three species, the seeds of which are dispersed by three different modes: Juniperus virginiana, a predominantly bird-dispersed species; Acer rubrum, a predominantly winddispersed species; and Fagus grandifolia, a predominantly mammal-dispersed species. The establishment patterns observed by others in recently abandoned oldfields were not maintained in the sixty-year-old fields analyzed in this study. Age of Juniperus virginiana individuals did not decrease as distance from the edge increased in either uplands or lowlands. Age of Acer rubrum individuals decreased marginally as distance from the edge increased in the upland sites, but slope of the regression was not significant in the lowlands. Ages of Fagus grandifolia individuals decreased significantly as distance from the edge increased in both uplands and lowlands. Migration rate, however, was more rapid than predicted in the literature. Density distribution of stems of each species was even across all oldfields. Rare, long-distance dispersal events are a possible explanation for the establishment patterns observed in these sixty-year-old fields.
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Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi. "Reverse Engineering the Tree." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9600.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the typical radial pattern of density and microfibril angle within Pinus radiata with respect to structural stability. In order to investigate changes in mechanical stability with different radial patterns, first experimental work was carried out in order to obtain elastic constants, Poisson ratios and limits of proportionality for green corewood and outerwood, these values, a discussion on their accuracy and the implications of the values are included along with a comparison to previous literature. These constants were used to parametrise a finite element model of a tree stem with different radial patterns, including patterns not observed in nature, wind loadings were applied to the stem and failure evaluated. It was found that patterns consisting of high density stiff wood and/or low density high flexibility wood could withstand the greatest wind speeds for a given stem and canopy, while high density flexible and low density stiff profiles generally performed poorly. The analysis was considered at ages 5, 10 and 15 years, each providing similar results. Why these profiles perform best, what errors need to be considered, and other evolutionary pressures which could narrow this list of profiles were discussed. The need for further research, and the directions for this research are suggested.
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ADU-BREDU, Stephen, Akio HAGIHARA, and 秋男 萩原. "Sapwood Amount and its Predictive Equations for Young Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) Trees." 名古屋大学農学部付属演習林, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8712.

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DeGomez, Tom, Christopher J. Fettig, Joel D. McMillin, John A. Anhold, and Christopher Hayes. "Managing Slash to Minimize Colonization of Residual Leave Trees by Ips and Other Bark Beetle Species Following Thinning in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146727.

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Pine Bark Beetles, THE PIÑON IPS BARK BEETLE, FIREWOOD AND BARK BEETLES IN THE SOUTHWEST, USING INSECTICIDES TO PREVENT BARK BEETLE ATTACKS ON CONIFERS, GUIDELINES FOR THINNING PONDEROSA PINE FOR IMPROVED FOREST HEALTH AND FIRE PREVENTION
Various techniques to reduce brood production of Ips and Dendroctonus spp. in ponderosa pine slash are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Density of trees"

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Cause, M. L. Queensland timbers: Their nomenclature, density, and lyctid susceptibility. Queensland: Dept. of Forestry, 1989.

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Pong, W. Y. Harvesting overstocked stands of small diameter trees. [Portland, OR]: Biomass and Energy Project, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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Pong, W. Y. Wood density-moisture profiles in old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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Pong, W. Y. Wood density-moisture profiles in old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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Pong, W. Y. Wood density-moisture profiles in old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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Pong, W. Y. Wood density-moisture profiles in old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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Pong, W. Y. Wood density-moisture profiles in old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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Pong, W. Y. Wood density-moisture profiles in old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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Amman, Gene D. Mountain pine beetle in ponderosa pine: Effects of phloem thickness and egg gallery density. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1986.

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Seidel, Kenneth W. Growth and yield of western larch in response to several density levels and two thinning methods: 15-year results. Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Density of trees"

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Burkhart, Harold E., and Margarida Tomé. "Quantifying Stand Density." In Modeling Forest Trees and Stands, 175–200. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3170-9_8.

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Bušić, Ana, Nazim Fatès, Jean Mairesse, and Irène Marcovici. "Density Classification on Infinite Lattices and Trees." In LATIN 2012: Theoretical Informatics, 109–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29344-3_10.

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Hader, Sören, and Fred A. Hamprecht. "Efficient Density Clustering Using Basin Spanning Trees." In Between Data Science and Applied Data Analysis, 39–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18991-3_5.

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Pérez-Coutiño, Manuel, Manuel Montes-y-Gómez, Aurelio López-López, Luis Villaseñor-Pineda, and Aarón Pancardo-Rodríguez. "Applying Dependency Trees and Term Density for Answer Selection Reinforcement." In Evaluation of Multilingual and Multi-modal Information Retrieval, 424–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74999-8_50.

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Wool, David, and Moshe Burstein. "Preference, tree resistance, or chance: how to interpret differences in gall density among trees?" In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, 33–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_6.

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Mitra, Sisir, and P. K. Pathak. "Orchard management." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 172–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0008.

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Abstract Commercial production from a guava orchard begins on the third year after planting and cropping may continue for 40 years or more. The performance of an orchard depends on its management, which includes water and nutrient management, selection of the correct cultivars, planting technique, canopy management for flowering and fruiting, and improved light efficiency through pruning to optimize the quality of young and bearing trees. This chapter provides information on planting system, planting density, training and pruning, intercropping, and weed control in guava orchards.
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Innes, J. L. "Some Factors Affecting the Crown Density of Trees in Great Britain Based on Recent Annual Surveys of Forest Condition." In Forest Decline in the Atlantic and Pacific Region, 40–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76995-5_3.

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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "Sweet cherry rootstocks." In Sweet cherries, 66–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0066.

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Abstract All commercial sweet cherry trees are either budded or grafted. This chapter deals with sweet cherry rootstocks. Rootstocks are used for several purposes: (i) ease for propagating and producing more trees of a superior cultivar; (ii) better adaptation to particular soil or site characteristics; and (iii) the potential improvement of production due to additional traits like precocious flowering, higher productivity, and greater or reduced scion vigor as appropriate. Unfortunately, no one rootstock can satisfy all the requirements for consistently producing high yields of large, firm fruit of premium quality. Growers are advised to consider carefully the effects of each specific scion-rootstock combination as a function of environmental and cultural practices when replanting an orchard. Selecting the proper rootstock depends not only on the management skills of the grower, but also on the scion cultivar, training system, and site climate and soil selected for the orchard. Dwarfing, semi-dwarfing and even semi-vigorous rootstocks have major economic advantages over full-size rootstocks. The development of these new, precocious rootstocks has been almost as significant to the sweet cherry industry as to the apple industry several decades ago. When compared to Mazzard, Colt and even Mahaleb, size-controlling rootstocks have allowed sweet cherry growers an opportunity to plant high density, pedestrian orchards that become profitable more quickly, are more readily protected with orchard covering systems, and promote greater labor efficiency, easier management, and a safer and more productive work environment.
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Waithe, Dominic, Martin Hailstone, Mukesh Kumar Lalwani, Richard Parton, Lu Yang, Roger Patient, Christian Eggeling, and Ilan Davis. "3-D Density Kernel Estimation for Counting in Microscopy Image Volumes Using 3-D Image Filters and Random Decision Trees." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 244–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46604-0_18.

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Moon, Jaekyun, and L. Richard Carley. "Fixed-Delay Tree Search." In Sequence Detection for High-Density Storage Channels, 19–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3564-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Density of trees"

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Ram, Parikshit, and Alexander G. Gray. "Density estimation trees." In the 17th ACM SIGKDD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2020408.2020507.

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"Medium Density Fiberboards from Date Palm Residues a Strategic Industry in the Arab World." In By-Products of Palm Trees and Their Applications. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900178-6.

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"Evaluation of Palm Fiber Components as Alternative Biomass Wastes for Medium Density Fiberboard Manufacturing." In By-Products of Palm Trees and Their Applications. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900178-7.

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Eberhardt, H., V. Klumpp, and U. D. Hanebeck. "Density trees for efficient nonlinear state estimation." In 2010 13th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icif.2010.5712086.

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"Level Set Trees with Enhanced Marginal Density Visualization." In International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004844302100217.

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Johnson, Jared, and Sema Berkiten. "Image Ranking with Density Trees for Google Maps." In SIGGRAPH '20: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3388767.3407353.

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VISALGA, Gintaras, Edmundas PETRAUSKAS, and Petras RUPŠYS. "METHOD FOR INCREASING AN ACCURACY OF DETECTING DECAY BY THE ARBOTOM® 3-D TREE TOMOGRAPH ON PICEA ABIES (L.) H. KARST TREES DAMAGED BY HETEROBASIDION ANNOSUM (FR.) BREF." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.057.

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ARBOTOM® 3-D tree tomograph is a non-destructive decay-sensing instrument based on measurements in standing trees. The accuracy of ARBOTOM® 3-D tree tomograph in detecting decay was evaluated for 703 standing trees in 27 Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands. Trees were measured at three different heights, 0 m, 1 m, and 2 m above the ground. Sections were later inspected for the presence of decay by increment borings and wood croscuts. A system of stochastic differential equations and multivariate normal copula density function were used to develop decay detecting rule. In the present study, the Vasicek stochastic process was employed to analyze propagation velocity data of the stress wave that diffuses through the wood of damaged and healthy tree stems in standing trees. Ornstein–Uhlenbeck family stochastic processes offer a possibility of capturing important distributional differences between damaged and healthy trees stress wave velocity datasets and make the model flexible to internal decay of a tree stem. The study reveals that the Vasicek type stochastic process is a possible candidate for statistical classification of waveforms. After the conditional probability density functions to ratio of difference maximal and minimal propagation velocities to minimal and maximal propagation velocity were established, a bivariate normal copula distribution model was constructed. The results are implemented in the symbolic computational language MAPLE.
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Klumpp, Vesa, and Uwe D. Hanebeck. "Dirac mixture trees for fast suboptimal multi-dimensional density approximation." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mfi.2008.4648009.

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Lantini, Livia, Fabio Tosti, Iraklis Giannakis, Lilong Zou, Daniel Egyir, Dale Mortimer, and Amir M. Alani. "Health assessment of trees using GPR-derived root density maps." In 2020 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf20). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radarconf2043947.2020.9266447.

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Razak, Khamarrul Azahari, Alexander Bucksch, Menno Straatsma, Cees J. Van Westen, Rabieahtul Abu Bakar, and Steven M. de Jong. "High density airborne lidar estimation of disrupted trees induced by landslides." In IGARSS 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2013.6723359.

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Reports on the topic "Density of trees"

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Abella, Scott R., Charles W. Denton, David G. Brewer, Wayne A. Robbie, Rory W. Steinke, and W. Wallace Covington. Using a terrestrial ecosystem survey to estimate the historical density of ponderosa pine trees. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-45.

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Huston, Emma. Effects of Variable Density Thinning on Spatial Patterns of Overstory Trees in Mt. Hood National Forest. Portland State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.5.

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Vlad, Radu, Miglena Zhiyanski, Lucian Dincă, Cristian Gheorghe Sidor, Cristinel Constandache, Gheorghe Pei, Alexandra Ispravnić, and Tatiana Blaga. Assessment of the Density of Wood with Stem Decay of Norway Spruce Trees Using Drill Resistance. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.11.09.

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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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Harmon, Mark E., Christopher W. Woodall, Becky Fasth, and Jay Sexton. Woody detritus density and density reduction factors for tree species in the United States: a synthesis. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-29.

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Harmon, Mark E., Christopher W. Woodall, Becky Fasth, Jay Sexton, and Misha Yatkov. Differences between standing and downed dead tree wood density reduction factors: A comparison across decay classes and tree species. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rp-15.

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Yamasaki, Mariko, Christine A. Costello, and William B. Leak. Effects of clearcutting, patch cutting, and low-density shelterwoods on breeding birds and tree regeneration in New Hampshire northern hardwoods. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rp-26.

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Miller, Richard E., Timothy B. Harrington, Walter G. Thies, and Jeff Madsen. Laminated root rot in a western Washington plantation: 8-year mortality and growth of Douglas-fir as related to infected stumps, tree density, and fertilization. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-569.

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