Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Density of the network environment'

Species diversity and coexistence have long been central foci of ecology, but field studies are often limited to describing diversity patterns, while theory frequently ignores environmental variation. Scale transition theory is an ideal framework in which to study species diversity, as it explicitly accounts for this environmental variability and allows for the quantification of coexistence mechanisms. Each coexistence mechanism arises from specific types of biotic and abiotic interactions. Moreover, mechanism magnitudes provide information about how these interactions contribute to coexistence. By studying how the natural history of a community determines these biotic and abiotic interactions, insight can be gained into how that natural history influences coexistence. Environmental variation is a central hypothesis for the maintenance of diversity in both desert annual plants and streams. This dissertation is broadly interested in the way differences in the environmental responses of species interact with the structure of the environmental conditions to affect coexistence. I use scale transition theory to develop theoretical understanding of how life history and environmental structure in these communities influence coexistence mechanisms and diversity. In desert annual plants, the focus is on the environmental response itself: how germination depends on environmental conditions. I analyze how this life history interacts with variation in the environment to affect coexistence. The germination responses of desert annual plants to an unstudied type of environmental variation, duration of soil moisture after rainfall, generate species-specific but highly structured patterns of germination variation. Although this germination variation is one-dimensional, the nonlinearities that arise due to germination biology generate sufficient germination variation to promote coexistence by the temporal storage effect. In stream communities, I examine how the physical structure of stream environments affects coexistence given that species’ performance is environmentally dependent. This dissertation demonstrates that patterns of diversity along the stream are related to the strength of coexistence. The downstream drift of organisms has relatively minor effects on coexistence despite asymmetric shifts in the distribution of organism in the stream. This study identifies conditions that eliminate the effects of the branched structure of stream networks on coexistence. Branching has no effect on community dynamics if (a) tributaries have identical environmental conditions, (b) habitat size increases additively at confluences, and (c) demographic stochasticity is unimportant. Any effects of branching on coexistence caused by violating the environmental condition are asymptotically eliminated as streams increase in size. These studies provide a theoretical, mechanistic foundation for the study of stream communities that addresses environmental and life history factors long recognized as important by empirical stream ecologists.

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-174).
This thesis explores building and deploying a scalable electronic sensate skin that was designed as a dense sensor network. Our skin is built from small (1" x 1") rigid circuit boards attached to their neighbors with flexible interconnects. Each boardcontained an embedded processor together with a suite of thirteen sensors, providing dense, multimodal capture of proximate and contact phenomena. In addition to the design of the physical system, this thesis develops protocols for internode communication (both neighbor-neighbor and global), and power-efficient wake-on-phenomena operation. The system was rigorously tested with an array of up to 4x3 nodes subject to a variety of sensor stimuli. Although there were some robustness issues in the final design (particularly in the wired interconnects, which were not the focus of this thesis work), the skin that we developed showed good flexibility for a prototype, ran quickly and efficiently, and could detect and respond to a variety of stimuli.
by Behram Farrokh Thomas Mistree.
M.Eng.

Hong Kong’s compacted urban form brings about potential problems including mental illness. Meanwhile stressful life mainly originates from working pressure brought a lot of physical and mental problems for the people themselves and generating serious family and social problems. As more and more people start to aware mental health issue, the current mental health services system is no longer sustainable due to increasing number of patients. This thesis aims to excavate the potential for landscape to become element in healthcare delivery in the context of community as following: refine the definition of therapeutic landscape, define the scope of work, and identify components essential for therapeutic environment. Last but not least, dig out possible interpretation/physical form through set an example of a particular design introduce for a typical site. Therapeutic landscape which introduce to community recreation system will become a new approach to backup mental health service system as well provide people more convenient and broad healthcare service to cultivate healthy personality. Thus promote community organic development to become a thoughtful and institutional environment.
published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture

As long as the population keeps growing and lands are desired, the research on how the city could be developed is needed. Higher density development, considered as the alternative for urban sprawl, is a new trend for future development. The barrier between advocacy of higher density environment and misconception of density asks for a descriptive and systematic interpretation for human perception of density.

In response to this demand, this research aims to provide a description of the factors that influence peopleâ s perception of higher density environments. Also, it aims to identify peopleâ s important concerns while using outdoor environments.

This study is based on data obtained from an online survey questionnaire that polled public attitudes toward density. The findings from the data indicate that the more important characteristics that people are concerned about the higher density environment are presence of nature, interaction opportunities, building identity and perceived safety. This study also points out that peopleâ s attitudes toward density vary based on certain factors. Those factors are age, occupation, place of residents and type of residents.

This research could be used as a reference for future planning and design. Results of this study reflect participantsâ attitudes towards density. It initiates a discussion of future research and generates a frame work for future study for a larger population.
Master of Landscape Architecture

Designing a secured network is the most important task in any enterprise or organization development. Securing a network mainly involves applying policies and procedures to protect different network devices from unauthorized access. Servers such as web servers, file servers, mail servers, etc., are the important devices in a network. Therefore, securing these servers is the first and foremost step followed in every security implementation mechanism. To implement this, it is very important to analyse and study the security mechanisms provided by the operating system. This makes it easier for security implementation in a network. This thesis work demonstrates the tasks needed to enhance the network security in Linux environment. The various security modules existing in Linux makes it different from other operating systems. The security measures which are mainly needed to enhance the system security are documented as a baseline for practical implementation. After analysing the security measures for implementing network security, it is important to understand the role of network monitoring tools and Linux inbuilt log management in maintaining the security of a network. This is accomplished by presenting a detailed discussion on network monitoring tools and log management in Linux. In order to test the network security, a network is designed using Linux systems by configuring different servers and application firewall for packet filtering. The security measures configured on each server to enhance its security are presented as part of the implementation. The results obtained while an unauthorized user accessing the servers from the external network are also documented along with attack information retrieved by different network monitoring tools and Linux inbuilt log messages.

Thesis (S.M. in Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 162 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-146).
Innovation clusters have been studied and examined in many forms: ranging from qualitative observations to in-depth analytical models and frameworks to long-term studies tracking the actors and entities making up an innovation cluster's ecosystem. Economic development marketing in municipalities, regions, and countries often make representations about their cluster's strengths, yet rarely have strong empirical data to support and back their claims. A wide array of cluster mapping visualization tools exist, yet most focus on aggregate numbers of "nodes," and offer far less insights into their connectedness and relationships between the entities, the "edges" or links. The focus for this thesis is a bottoms-up perspective, with people as the core drivers of innovation. This paper seeks to supplement existing methods, by implementing an innovation cluster density index (CDI) as an indicator, ("Cluster Rank") enabling broader comparisons within clusters (intra-cluster), as well as the modeling of distributed virtual clusters (inter-cluster). This method proposes an empirical analytical approach, using complex network theory, commercially and open source available application program interfaces (APIs), and weighted network graphs as a framework, which integrates these elements to depict a new descriptor for clusters, the Cluster Rank. Implementation of the method in software is outside the scope of this thesis, but is separately being developed and is defined as a software platform using linked data technologies to build it ("Cluster Rank Engine"). The proposed Cluster Rank Engine is people-centric, and takes into account the embedded network effects, of people, derived from network graph analytics. It presents a bottoms-up view to intersect with the relatively top-down approaches currently in place. It identifies five key attributes, the "Penta Helix" and uses these as the core variables in modeling. Development of such a model enables the use of big data methods and algorithmic tools on the Internet to interrogate large distributed economic global datasets, query and extract the relevant pre-defined cluster attribute data, filter and process it to present a deeper analytically comparative lens of innovation clusters; both in terms of urban innovation mapping, cluster heat maps, etc. This method would enable, for example, the comparison of a biotech cluster in Cambridge with that of one in San Francisco ("Global biotechnology clusters map," n.d.), at discrete levels. The Cluster Rank for each discrete innovation cluster provides additional data beyond traditional graphical visualizations. Utilization of the Cluster Rank Engine across a wide range of clusters could then yield deeper statistically comparative data for a deeper understanding of cluster dynamics and cluster endurance over time, as well as serve as data input for a variety of graphical data visualizations. (Berkhin, 2002) Utility for such a solution is multi-fold: as an economic cluster modeling and tracking tool, an innovation lens on a given sector or geography, and as a tool for urban innovation mapping. At its fruition, it becomes a potentially predictive tool for network resilience and failure, to help better navigate decisions related to the growth of innovation clusters and/or the linking of remote clusters for a virtual cluster, to help make decisions for: resource allocations, partnership and contractual targets, angel and venture funding strategies.
by Daniel L. Harple, Jr.
S.M.in Management

Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) est un réseau conceptuel construit sur des réseaux physiques existantes. Il se sert des données détectées et fournit des services de connaissances à quiconque, n'importe où et à tout moment, et où l'information est générée en utilisant la sensibilité au contexte. Dispositifs et USN portables intelligents émergent rapidement en offrant de nombreux services fiables facilitant la vie des gens. Ces petits terminaux et terminaux très utiles besoin d'un substrat de communication globale pour fournir un service complet de l'utilisateur final global. En 2010, ITU -T a fourni les exigences pour supporter des applications et services USN dans le Next Generation Network (NGN) de l'environnement d'exploiter les avantages du réseau de base. L'un des principaux marchés prometteurs pour l'application et les services USN est la e- santé. Il fournit le suivi des patients en continu et permet une grande amélioration dans les services médicaux. D'autre part, des Véhicules Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) est une technologie émergente qui permet une communication intelligente entre les véhicules mobiles. Intégrer VANET avec USN a un grand potentiel pour améliorer la sécurité routière et la fluidité du trafic. La plupart des applications VANET sont appliqués en temps réel et ils sont sensibles à retarder, en particulier ceux liés à la sécurité et à la santé. Dans ce travail, nous proposons d'utiliser l'IP Multimédia Subsystem (IMS) comme une sous- couche de contrôle de service dans l'environnement USN fournir un substrat mondiale pour un service complet de bout en bout. De plus, nous vous proposons d'intégrer VANETs avec USN pour des applications et des installations riches plus, ce qui facilitera la vie des humains. Nous avons commencé à étudier les défis sur la route pour atteindre cet objectif
Ubiquités Sensor Network (USN) is a conceptual network built over existing physical networks. It makes use of sensed data and provides knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at anytime, and where the information is generated by using context awareness. Smart wearable devices and USNs are emerging rapidly providing many reliable services facilitating people life. Those very useful small end terminals and devices require a global communication substrate to provide a comprehensive global end user service. In 2010, the ITU-T provided the requirements to support USN applications and services in the Next Génération Network (NGN) environment to exploit the advantages of the core network. One of the main promising markets for the USN application and services is the e-Health. It provides continuous patients’ monitoring and enables a great improvement in medical services. On the other hand, Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETwork (VANET) is an emerging technology, which provides intelligent communication between mobile vehicles. Integrating VANET with USN has a great potential to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are applied in real time and they are sensitive to delay, especially those related to safety and health. In this work, we propose to use IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as a service controller sub-layer in the USN environment providing a global substrate for a comprehensive end-to-end service. Moreover, we propose to integrate VANETs with USN for more rich applications and facilities, which will ease the life of humans. We started studying the challenges on the road to achieve this goal

Automation is something that effects every occupation, and everyone wants more of. Networking is not any different were the systematic tasks that can be prone to human errors and the long time-wasting configuration surely could be automated. But a problem in networking is that when there aren’t any standards to follow vendors do their own solutions that only works on their own devices. This is not a problem if you're only using one vendor in your network, but what if you don't then how do you automate your network? This is the question this report is trying to answer. First by trying to develop a new solution in Python to automate networking tasks and then see if there is any existing product that works in a multi-vendor network that can be tested. Then test the programs, see what functions exist and demonstrate how they work and see advantages and disadvantages with the solutions. The new program in Python is planned, the different functions that the program is going to have is explained, the development is done and then tested. Then a program called UNIMUS is installed and tested. The development resulted in a program that’s called Kraft Prime. The testing on Kraft Prime shows a program that offers automation on different tasks like configuration and upgrading. The results from testing UNMIUS also shows a program that offer automation functions like mass configuration and configuration backups. The results from the development and testing shows that it is possible to develop your own network automation program in Python that offers different kinds of automation in a multi-vendor environment. But also, that there are existing programs like UNIMUS that also offers automation. But both solutions come with their ups and downs that must be considered before implementing any of the solutions.

Participatory sensing is a rising and promising field, which utilizes mobile phone users as mobile wireless sensors to gather data. However, because of the randomness of its participants, it is necessary to deploy wireless sensors in the sensing area at the same time, in order to gather enough quantity data with satisfactory quality. The deployment becomes a challenge because participatory sensing processes are dynamic and wireless sensor networks are relatively static.

In this thesis, we propose a framework for the wireless sensors deployment in the participatory sensing campaigns. The aim is to minimize the number of sensors deployed, while providing enough satisfactory quality of data. Our framework consists of several sub-models and has a great flexibility. The experiments prove a good performance for our deployment framework.

With wireless signals, it is possible to send all kind of data through a communication system. Many companies today having problems implementing wireless communication system because of big areas and many obstacles that blocks the wireless signals. Recent releases of mesh network standards that has the main objective to provide a network over a large area. Toyota Material Handling Europe (TMHE) that develops and produce trucks is one company that wants to use this new network topology to get to the next level of communication. TMHE is developing a new communication system between their trucks and the goal is to be independent of Wi-Fi and fixed structures in an industry. The aim is to establish communication through Bluetooth and create a mesh network between the trucks at a site. This kind of communication can create many new possibilities for new features, which can make the daily work easier. The problem with obstacles and interferences is still a problem and TMHE created a thesis to research Bluetooth mesh networks to see if this kind of implementation is suitable for the environments that exists in an industry. This thesis research the architecture of a Bluetooth mesh network and different setups of a network and tests how it stands in an industry with many different surrounding.

Today’s market offers a wide range of available firewalls, there are many manufacturers andeach of them has at least several series of possible solutions. As organisations and companiesseek to protect their assets against current and new hostile threats, the demands for networksecurity increases and drives the development of firewalls forward. With new firewalltechnologies emerging from a wide variety of firewall vendors, choosing the right firewall canbe both costly and time consuming. Requirements for a concrete network are needed to becorrelated with security functionalities, i.e., metrics for firewalls. Incorrect requirementsformulation or their incorrect mapping to metrics can lead to a financial loss or a firewallfailure in providing desired security functionalities. In this thesis, firewalls from three differentmanufacturers are investigated. Firewalls are compared and evaluated by using requirementsderived for Eskilstuna municipals network. To identify solutions fulfilling the requirements,metrics related to the requirements are identified. Two different placements for firewalldeployment are considered separately, as they have different requirements. The firewallcomparison consists of two steps. The first step of the comparison is done by evaluatingfirewalls from each manufacturer separately. After the best suited firewall from eachmanufacturer has been identified, the second step in the comparison is performed. The steptwo consists of comparing the best solution from each manufacturer between each other. Theoutcome of the comparison is a firewall solution that fulfills all requirements and can beconsidered as optimal choice for the investigated network environment.

Environment inspection is becoming more and more important now. Many qualified institutes provide professional inspecting services for general companies. One problem with environment inspection is that the number of equipment in the institute is limited compared to the number of projects. A hybrid scheduler designed for the problem of environment inspection job scheduling. It uses tabu search techniques and embeds neural network in the scheduler. After training the neural network, the hybrid scheduler uses trained network to narrow the search range of the tabu search which makes the scheduler faster. The comparison between tabu search scheduler and hybrid scheduler indicates that the latter runs much faster.

Two studies were conducted on gene mapping analysis. For the first study, genetic simulation experiments were conducted to address the effects of marker density, method of mapping analysis, and gaps in a marker map on the efficiency of QTL detection and the accuracy of QTL parameter estimation. The simulated genome consisted of seven chromosomes with seven or eight segregating QTL affecting the simulated quantitative trait. A set of six randomly segregating QTL outside the test region was consistently used to represent 40% of phenotypic variation. An individual QTL or a linkage block of two QTL on a target chromosome contributed 10% of phenotypic variation. The marker map was either dense (with markers every 4 cM) or sparse (with markers every 20 cM). The gap in the marker map was either 32 cM or 56 cM. Interval mapping and composite interval mapping were used to map QTL on the target chromosome. A dense map provided more power of QTL detection, better accuracy of QTL parameter estimation, and higher false-positive error rates for the target chromosome than a sparse map. Composite interval mapping provided more power of QTL detection, better accuracy of QTL parameter estimation, and lower false-positive error rates than interval mapping. Presence of a large gap in a marker map affected QTL detection and QTL parameter estimation for a QTL inside or near the gap. The use of a dense map with composite interval mapping was the most efficient combination tested in this study. For the second study, a mixed factorial regression model for interval mapping was developed for conducting QTL-by-environment interaction analysis and for providing inferences about QTL that are applicable beyond the environments used in the experiments. Genetic simulation was used to test the model for the power of detecting QTL-by-environment interaction and identifying the types of such interaction as crossover or non-crossover, and for the accuracy of estimating QTL parameters. The model prov

This research aims at exploring meanings, qualities and analytical abilities of density concept and its potential interpretations in architecture and sustainability fields. Despite the growing unsustainability of today's city facing an effective energy and environmental crisis, recent statistics have confirmed the increasing attractive power of metropolitan areas. Within the context of European compact city, new building models based on energy conservation principles account for an insignificant percentage compared to the great mass of existing city whose functioning remarkably affects the inefficiency of the whole metropolitan system. Therefore an approach determining design instruments and methods at urban and architectural scale must be found in order to set out conditions more appropriate to the compact city. At this analysis stage, the relationship between energy and form takes a central role in the variation of energy performances; at the same time the concept of density has showed the ability to describe the morphological performances of the built form. The general aim of the present research is to determine the relationships among built-form, energy and urban fabrics by the density parameter in compact city with Mediterranean climate. This research is composed by four interconnected parts. The first one examines the relationship among current urban and energy dynamics to comprehend the role and contribution of the building industry in the light of the scientific progress and the implementation of present operational and regulatory instruments. The second one investigates role and evolution of the density concept as parameter, design instrument and basis of theoretical categories, especially referring to interactions with urban form and sustainability. In the third part the analytical and interpretative abilities of density are employed in order to prove the environmental implications and verify the existence of interactions among urban sustainability indicators and density. Finally, the fourth part enquires into the relationships among form, building, density and energy set up in the compact fabrics in Rome and Barcelona by models and simulations in order to control the main formal, building and energy factors parametrically. The influence of urban morphology, built-form and constructive features on solar access and energy demand for conditioning are shown by different density indicators that are the more suitable to express reliable trends. Firstly results point out that the contribution of the built environment to the complex energy issue arisen by metropolitan systems must be focused on the reduction of the demand - even before on the consumption and impact - operating with multi-scale instruments and methods for the transformation of existing city. The density has a preferred role in the relationship between sustainability and form thanks to its interpretative skills and meanings undertaken as theoretical and design category. At the metropolitan scale, urban quality indicators and density do not always show evident relationships with energy and environmental implications. Built-form typology and constructive features are the main factors that occur on energy performances variation of urban fabrics. The investigation of these kind of performances by density parameters leads to the comprehension of the different energy behavior in each urban texture, offering a contribution to the energy analysis at urban scale. Methodology and the defined parameters of density show themselves as knowledge base for aware transformations of Mediterranean compact city as well as applications in other urban contexts both for existing and new constructions.
La ricerca esplora significati, proprietà e capacità analitiche del concetto di densità e delle sue possibili interpretazioni nell’ambito dell’architettura e della sostenibilità. Il suo obiettivo è la determinazione di relazioni tra costruito, energia e forma dei tessuti urbani della città compatta mediterranea ricorrendo alla densità quale parametro utile a decifrarne le specificità. A dispetto della sempre maggiore insostenibilità della città odierna, di fronte alla crisi energetica ed ambientale in atto, recenti statistiche hanno confermato il crescente potere attrattivo delle aree metropolitane. Nel contesto della città compatta europea, i nuovi modelli insediativi basati su principi di risparmio energetico rappresentano una percentuale insignificante rispetto alla città esistente che, nel funzionare, incide notevolmente sull’inefficienza dell’intero sistema metropolitano. In questo quadro, potrebbe essere risolutivo identificare un approccio che individui strumenti e metodi progettuali alla scala urbana piuttosto che a quella architettonica, utili a definire condizioni più appropriate e realmente incisivi per la città compatta. Se riferito in primo luogo a tale scala il rapporto tra energia e forma assume un ruolo centrale sulla variazione delle prestazioni energetiche; allo stesso tempo il concetto di densità appare un’efficace strumento di analisi delle prestazioni morfologiche del costruito. La ricerca si compone di cinque parti. La prima analizza la condizione odierna delle dinamiche urbane ed energetiche, per comprendere ruolo e contributo dell’edilizia alla luce dell’avanzamento del pensiero scientifico e degli strumenti operativi disponibili. La seconda affronta il significato e l’evoluzione del concetto di densità quale parametro di misura, strumento progettuale e fondamento teorico, facendo riferimento in particolare alle interazioni con la forma urbana e la sostenibilità. Nella terza si utilizzano le capacità analitiche della densità per comprovare le implicazioni ambientali e verificare l’esistenza di leggi di dipendenza tra indicatori di sostenibilità urbana e densità. La quarta pone le basi per la comprensione delle relazioni tra densità ed energia alla scala urbana. La quinta parte, infine, indaga tali relazioni nei tessuti compatti di Roma e Barcellona declinandole in termini di caratteri formali e costruttivi, con l’ausilio di modellazioni e simulazioni strutturate allo scopo di controllare i corrispondenti fattori. S’illustra l’influenza di morfologia urbana e caratteri tipologico-costruttivi su guadagno solare e domanda energetica per riscaldamento e climatizzazione, individuando per mezzo di differenti definizioni d’indicatori di densità, i più adeguati ad esprimere con queste leggi di variazione affidabili. I risultati evidenziano che il contributo dell’edilizia alla complessa questione energetica posta dai sistemi metropolitani deve concentrarsi sulla riduzione della domanda - ancor prima che su consumo e impatto - operando con strumenti e metodi interscalari per la trasformazione della città esistente. La densità ha un ruolo privilegiato nel rapporto forma-sostenibilità per capacità interpretative e significati assunti quale categoria teorica e progettuale. A scala metropolitana, indicatori di sostenibilità urbana e densità non sempre mostrano chiare relazioni con le implicazioni ambientali ed energetiche. Morfologia, tipologia e aspetti costruttivi sono i fattori che più intervengono sulla variazione delle prestazioni energetiche dei tessuti urbani. Analizzarli mediante parametri di densità conduce alla comprensione del diverso comportamento energetico, fornendo un contributo agli strumenti d’indagine a scala urbana e favorendo una connotazione più efficiente del costruito riconducibile alla dimensione della densità sostenibile. Il metodo e gli strumenti individuati si offrono come base di conoscenza per trasformazioni consapevoli della città compatta mediterranea
El presente estudio indaga significados, propiedad y capacidad analíticas del concepto de densidad y de su posible interpretación en el ámbito de la arquitectura y de la sostenibilidad. El principal objetivo es determinar las relaciones entre ambiente construido, energía y forma de los tejidos urbanos recurriendo a la densidad como parámetro útil para descifrar sus especificidades de la ciudad compacta mediterránea. A pesar de una siempre mayor insostenibilidad de la ciudad actual, frente a la crisis energética y ambiental en curso, estadísticas recientes han confirmado el creciente poder atractivo de las metrópolis. En el contexto de la ciudad europea, los modelos de asentamiento actuales, basados en principios de ahorro energético, constituyen un porcentaje insignificante frente a la ciudad existente que, funcionando, grava notablemente en consumo el sistema metropolitano. En esta situación, podría ser resolutivo identificar un acercamiento que identifique herramientas y métodos para el proyecto a escala urbana, que sean útiles para definir condiciones más apropiadas y sean realmente eficaces para la ciudad compacta. Si se refiere en primer lugar a dicha escala, la relación entre energía y forma asume una función central para la variabilidad de la prestación energética; al mismo tiempo el concepto de densidad parece una herramienta eficaz para analizar las prestaciones morfológicas del ambiente construido. La investigación se compone de cinco partes. La primera analiza las dinámicas urbanas y energéticas actuales, para entender capacidad y contribución de la construcción a la luz del avance del pensamiento científico y de las herramientas disponibles. La segunda trata el significado y la evolución del concepto de densidad como parámetro de medida, herramienta del proyecto y origen teórico de la arquitectura, con particular referencia a las interacciones con la forma urbana y la sostenibilidad. En la tercera se utilizan las capacidades analíticas de la densidad para comprobar las repercusiones ambientales y verificar la existencia de leyes de dependencia entre indicadores de sostenibilidad urbana y densidad. La cuarta explica las relaciones entre densidad y energía a la escala urbana. La quinta, finalmente, estudia estas relaciones en los tejidos compactos de Roma y Barcelona, explicándolas en función de forma i construcción, con el auxilio de modelos y simulaciones. Se muestra la influencia de la morfología urbana y las características tipológicas y constructivas sobre la captación solar y la demanda energética por calefacción y climatización, individualizando entre diferentes indicadores de densidad los más apropiados para representar tendencias fiables. Los resultados prueban que la contribución de la construcción a la compleja cuestión energética tiene que basarse en la reducción de la demanda - antes que del consumo y del impacto - utilizando herramientas y métodos multi-escalares para la transformación de la ciudad existente. La densidad tiene una función privilegiada en la relación forma-sostenibilidad que depende de sus capacidades analíticas y significados en calidad de categoría teórica y del proyecto. A escala metropolitana, los indicadores de sostenibilidad urbana y densidad no siempre muestran una relación clara con las repercusiones ambientales y energéticas. Morfología, tipología y aspectos constructivos son los factores que más influyen sobre la variación de la prestación energética de los tejidos urbanos. Analizarlos recurriendo a parámetros de densidad, lleva a entender el diferente comportamiento energético, contribuye a las investigaciones a escala urbana y favorece la eficiencia del ambiente construido, con lo cual se reconduce el análisis al concepto de densidad sostenible. La metodología y las herramientas individualizadas se ofrecen como base de conocimiento para orientar las transformaciones de la ciudad compacta mediterránea.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine and map out the network innovative companies and to calculate values of the network structure in order to compare them to different performance measures. Furthermore, we aim to investigate the trade-off efficiency of innovations in a particular network structure, more specifically to investigate if the same elements generating more innovations have a relationship with economic performance that originates from innovations.   Methodology - This study give emphasis to map and illustrate the Swedish companies on NASDAQ OMX First North network through direct and indirect connection and to compare the centrality, density and size of the companies ego network in our population with the performance measures which are logically connected with the launch of an innovation; average EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and average annual turnover. Findings - First we noticed that there was a significant connection between a negative average EBITDA and positive average annual turnover for our population, as we foretold would occur during the launch of an innovation. Secondly, the paper suggests that there is a weak or near non-existent connection between the elements that generates more innovations and the result of innovations, e.g. the economic performance of innovative firms. This might indicate that the focus of recent studies in the subject might have been mistaken focusing on the quantity of innovation, when the basic assumption of an innovation is that it is qualitative and thereby generates money for the company. This study suggests that more innovations do not necessarily lead to better economic performance for the companies within our population.

Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Alex Bordetsky, Rex Buddenberg. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45). Also available online.

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 44).
StarLogo: The Next Generation aims to introduce students to programming. The StarLogo application is frequently used in a classroom setting, but the effectiveness of StarLogo is limited as long as students cannot interact with each other using the application. This thesis describes the design and implementation of a networked development and runtime environment for StarLogo. Hopefully, students will become more interested in programming when they can collaborate to create and run StarLogo programs. In addition, teachers will have more options available when choosing classroom activities using StarLogo.
by John Daniel Jackman, III.
M.Eng.

The objective of this project is to provide an overview of how to create a secure network test environment using virtual machines with Red Hat CentOS 7. Using virtual machines to create a secure network test environment simplify the workflow of testing several servers including network segmentation, network path redundancy, and traffic control using a firewall. This study suggests a set of guidelines for building a secure network test environment that includes a Domain Name Server (DNS), Web Server, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server, and a firewall. The documentation provided in this project is primarily useful for IT students looking to recreate a similar environment of their own and to practice special skills needed within their field of study.

This thesis consists of fundamental research into the effect that a display’s overall density has on a user’s performance and preference while performing simple tasks using a window-styled computer application specifically developed for this study. This study sought to reevaluate previous findings by exploring their application in the more current, present-day environment. In this research, overall density was considered to be a measure of a screen’s complexity and was examined at three different levels. Users performed a series of tasks using only one of three available screens with different density levels. The same tasks were performed by all users to determine if different density levels exhibit any effect on the user’s performance (as measured by completion time and accuracy) or preference. The outcome of these trials demonstrates that overall density and complexity play an important role in a user's performance and acceptance of a screen.

Stocking density serves as a sub-clinical stressor impacting natural behavior and affective state of dairy cows. However, cows rarely experience stocking density as an isolated stressor. Understanding the effects of stocking density with additional management stressors such as low-fiber diets or feed restriction is the next step in alleviating stress and improving the well-being of lactating dairy cows housed in freestall barns. The overall goal of this dissertation was to evaluate the interaction of stocking density and the feeding environment on short-term production, behavioral, ruminal fermentation, and stress responses of lactating dairy cattle. The first two studies (Chapter 2 and 3) served as preliminary research for the main studies of this dissertation. The first study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of using chopped wheat straw to reduce sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in order to formulate diets for the first main study. Treatments were low straw (0 kg dry matter (DM)/d; LS) and high straw (1.36 kg DM/d; HS). High straw appeared to effectively reduce SARA by lowering time below pH 5.8 with minimal impact on feed intake and rumination. The second study objective was to evaluate the effect of type of blood collection tube on haptoglobin concentration across two commercially-available haptoglobin assays and evaluate assay agreement in order to determine haptoglobin concentrations for the main studies. Lithium heparinized, sodium heparinized, and K2-EDTA plasma resulted in increased haptoglobin concentrations compared to serum using the Tri-Delta colorimetric assay, but no differences were observed using the Life Diagnostics ELISA assay. However, there was a lack of agreement between assays and further identification of a gold-standard assay is needed before analyzing haptoglobin for the main studies. The third study (Chapter 4) investigated the interaction of stocking density (100% and 142% of freestalls and headlocks) and source of forage fiber (no added straw and added straw at 3.5% ration DM). Treatments did not impact feed intake, but straw diets tended to reduce milk production. Increasing stocking density reduced lying time but increased efficiency of stall use. Though feeding and rumination times were unaffected, overstocking shifted the location of rumination away from the freestall. Increased stocking density tended to increase stress responses. Both greater stocking density and no straw diets increased SARA, and the combination of these stressors tended to exacerbate this pH response. Adding straw to the diet reduced the negative impacts of overstocking on ruminal pH. The fourth study (Chapter 5) evaluated the interaction of stocking density (100% and 142%) and feed access (5-h reduced feed access and no reduced feed access). Treatments had minimal impact on short-term feed intake and production. Overstocking affected behavior similar to responses observed in Chapter 4. Reducing feed access decreased feeding time, though cows altered feeding and rumination responses to maintain daily rumination. Both treatments shifted priorities for feeding and lying behavior, though increased stocking density had the larger impact. Though reduced feed access did not impact ruminal pH, an exacerbated response was observed when combined with increased stocking density. The combination of stocking density and feeding environment stressors exacerbate negative effects on biological function and should be avoided.

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
This paper presents a method for the optimization of mixed networks that incorporates a mixed layer optimization of performance features. The expanded integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) system envisioned telemetering for large and complex networks which will require core telemetry networks with ad hoc extensions for coverage. Organizing such a network has been successfully accomplished in simulations using a K-mean clustering algorithm. This paper shows how the features of these network elements will be captured and disseminated in a real system. This management of network elements across multiple layers is characterized as cross-layer optimization. This paper will also show how such cross layer features can be combined for a globally optimum solution. It shows by example how the iNET system comprising multiple ground stations, gateways, frequency, nodes, and three performance measures can be optimized to achieve overall optimal system performance.

Asia is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Many Asian countries experienced strong economic growth and rapid urbanization in the last decade. However, Asia is also faced with the challenge of environmental protection, energy security and CO2 emissions. The purpose of establishment of the Asian Network for Environment and Energy (ANEE) is to connect the re-search and training institutions, facilitate the exchange of experience and know-how, and initiating joint projects on environmental protection and renewable energy. The network organizes annual scientific conferences, develops projects addressing environmental problems of the region, and builds personnel training programs for renewable energy and environment. The first ANEE workshop held in Ho Chi Minh City is the launching event the network addressing air pollution, water management, solid waste and energy
Châu Á là một trong những khu vực đông dân nhất trên thế giới. Nhiều quốc gia tại châu Á đã có sự phát triển kinh tế mạnh mẽ và đô thị hóa rất nhanh trong thập kỷ vừa qua. Tuy nhiên, khu vực châu Á cũng đối mặt với các thách thức về bảo vệ môi trường, phát thải CO2 và an ninh năng lượng. Mục đích thành lập Mạng lưới châu Á về Môi trường và Năng lượng (ANEE) nhằm kết nối các tổ chức nghiên cứu và đào tạo, tạo điều kiện cho trao đổi kinh nghiệm và know-how, xây dựng các dự án tổng thể về bảo vệ môi trường và năng lượng tái tạo. Mạng lưới tổ chức các Hội thảo khoa học hàng năm, phát triển các dự án giải quyết các vấn đề môi trường thời sự của khu vực, xây dựng các chương trình đào tạo nhân lực ngành môi trường và năng lượng tái tạo. Hội thảo lần thứ nhất của ANEE được tổ chức tại Tp.Hồ Chí Minh là sự kiện khởi động Mạng lưới với các chuyên đề về Ô nhiễm không khí, Quản lý nguồn nước, chất thải rắn và năng lượng

碩士
國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
107
In order to meet the needs of various applications in various large-scale fields such as factories or public spaces, enough access points(APs) must be built to ease the congestion of the network. However, in the case of limited spectrum resources, the quality of such wireless networks will not be improved with the increasing number of access points. On the contrary, as the density of access points in a fixed area becomes higher, the signals from different access points will cause interferences among different radio links. Without professional background, a high-overlap, high-interference wireless network environment may be generated, and data transmission rate or delay may be seriously degraded due to collisions and interference. To solve this type of problems, exhaustive methods or genetic algorithms are often used, but the time and computation are quite large. In order to improve overall system efficiency, shorten time and approximate optimal solution, this study proposes a semi-auto configuration control system(SCCS), which employs periodic adjustment of power and channel bandwidth of various APs. There are two main indicators for evaluating the performance of algorithm: (1) the number of devices meeting their quality of service and (2) overall system interference condition. Utility function is the multiple of two indicators for assessing overall performance. The experimental simulation considers a variety of different fields, and the most effective scenario for SCCS is the high-density field, which SCCS improve performance about 52% after optimization. When compared genetic algorithms with SCCS, genetic algorithms can achieve good results in most of the optimization problems, but the consumed computation time and huge amount of computation requirement are still the most significant limits in practice. Providing the balance of the computational time and the pros and cons of the results is the main contribution of this study.

碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系
107
The urban warmer phenomenon has become more obvious with the process of urbanization, and the influence of wind environment and climate pattern in urban areas on urban high temperature is very important. In this study, the calculation of the land rough length is applied by calculating the rough length of the city to predict the wind environment in Tainan. At the same time, the high-density street-level air temperature observation network (HiSAN) is also used to explore the characteristics of the wind and thermal environment in Tainan. The results show that the large water area in the daytime will obviously cool down the surround area. At night, the green area will have a significant cooling effect on air temperature. The urban composition factors will have different effects in different time periods. At the same time, climatic conditions will also affect the difference in the distribution of high temperature. The daily temperature difference will cause the high temperature to be located in more inland, and the wind field in the large environment will cause the difference between high temperature in north and south side. According to the above results, urban impact factors of thermal environment include: urban composition factors, climatic conditions, and different time periods. In the future, when faced with the situation of hyperthermia, the mitigation strategy should consider the interaction between more different parameters in a specific time period.

碩士
國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
103
The migration mechanism can provide services, computing jobs and resources moved from a virtual environment to another virtual environment and can be categorized into resource migration, host migration and network migration. The network migration mechanism can move all virtual machines within the subnet, including services, storage space and other resources to another subnet, while retaining the network topology and network infrastructure. To achieve the objective of network migration, in the paper, we proposed a migration mechanism that can move all virtual machines and the network environment to another set of machines on a hybrid cloud environment. The proposed solution is implemented based on Open Flow and XEN, and use of existing network protocols. The emulation results show that the proposed solution can provide very good performance.

碩士
大同大學
資訊工程學系(所)
104
In the early information center, there are many stand-alone servers. The server contains the central processor, memory and storage unit. Each of them was installed the operating system, application software and kept all the data in the internal storage. In recent years, enterprises have gradually virtualization, virtualization is the foundation of cloud computing, cloud computing needs with rapid growth, from the early single virtualized server virtualization, and gradually developed into server computing unit, storage unit and a network unit independently. With server virtualization, the proportion of enterprises increased year by year, the company's next step is to enhance the efficiency of virtualization to reduce IT operating costs. On traditional concepts, optimize virtual infrastructure, we are to enhance the processor speed, more memory or faster network equipment and so on. The purpose of this paper is to study in a virtual infrastructure, enhance storage input/output access rate of virtual environments, can effectively improve the transmission efficiency of the implementation of virtual machines, thereby supporting the need to enhance the effectiveness of the storage unit.

碩士
國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
105
In this thesis, we discuss and analysis performance based on throughput. According to IEEE 802.11 standard, physical layer provide multiple data rate supported by multiple antennas. However, the actual throughput is limited with MAC (Media Access Control) layer mechanism that adapting DCF (Distribution Coordination Function). In DCF, each client has the same probability to access the channel in the AP in long time transmission so that low rate clients occupy longer time to access channel. As a result, the access time of clients is reduced and the throughput is lower. On the other hand, in multi-rate multi-AP system, client selects the highest RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) from candidate APs to achieve the greatest data rate for existing method. However, this approach leads to overloading of particular AP so that actual client throughput is lower. Ergo, we use grouping to separate clients based on different data rate in groups to avoid lower throughput due to contention together from different rate in single AP. For multi-AP, We propose PD (Population Density) based network selection from viewpoint of client. In PD based network selection, we fit functions based on different data rate according to simulation and analysis. The best client throughput of all connections can be determined by functions and access the AP which provide maximal client throughput. After designing, we compare performance of PD based network selection with those of exiting HR (high rate) based network selection. PD based is always have better performance than HR based network selection. Also, the performance improvement of PD based network selection is 400% in the best case.

碩士
國立交通大學
資訊工程學系
84
Simulation is a common computation paradigm. Some simulation problemcan be computed by evaluating each part of the domain repeatedly. Weatherprediction, for example, can be simulated by repeatedly evaluating the valuesof wind speeds, temperatures, barometers, etc., of each subdomain everyperiod of time. For parallel simulation, we can distribute all the subdomainsto be executed over individual processors. However, it is not easy to designan efficient parallel simulation algorithm to distribute all the tasks overprocessors at run time because we need to balance the load among processorswhile minimizing the amount of communication between processors. In this thesis, we design a tool to help programmers to designparallel simulation programs easily. This tool provide an interface that letsdistributing subdomains over processors and modeling the problem be processedseparately. So, we can implement scheduling algorithms easily.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊工程研究所
82
Bayesian networks have proved to be an effective tool for tasks requiring automated reasoning under uncertainty and have been applied to many research areas such as medical diagnosis, map learning, language understanding, computer vision, etc in the last few years. In order to let the related researchers have accessible to Bayesian networks without struggling in understanding the complicated theory and going through the tedious implementation, we have developed and designed a set of tools for the establishment of Bayesian networks. The networks is interactively created by adding nodes and links through a graphical user interface. The belief fusion and propagation is handled by updating the new evidence for certain nodes, then the information of new state of network is computed and displayed on the system. The object oriented approach is used to develop the system. It includes the use of object-oriented analysis and design, design of the graphical user interface, design of classes, objects and the relationships among them, design of users' manual , documentation, testing, and verification. Two examples have been used to demostrate the powerful reasoning ability under new evidence and friendly environment of the system.

碩士
國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
99
With the increased demand in ubiquitous wireless access, we merge different but complementary wireless access technology to compose global wireless heterogeneous network, such as GSM and 3GPP, to provide mobile users the advantage of roaming services without geographical limitation. Hence, the handover technique is playing an important role nowadays to meet the epidemic mobile device usage. It has a great challenge to provide authentication such as computation overload as well as the key management burden. In 2009, Huang et al. proposed the One-time key Secure Network Protocol (OSNP) scheme. It can not only resist the man-in-the-middle attack but also reduce the computation load. Nevertheless, we have found that there still exist several defects in this method. For this reason, we aim to provide a new handover mechanism for enhancing the secure property as well as reducing the computation cost. Moreover, we provide the formal security analysis of BAN logic to demonstrate the applicability of the protocol. Besides, owing to the mobile device only can keep limited electricity, thus the computation cost of the mobile users becomes primary defiance in the verification phase. To reduce the heavy burden of the mobile users, Shrestha et al.’s scheme proposed a Kerberos based authentication protocol, for the mobile user to reduce the computation costs and the communication rounds. Unfortunately, according to our observation, some weaknesses still exist in Shrestha et al.’s scheme. Therefore, we propose a new version with a novel architecture and then we utilize random oracle to prove the security our scheme. Keywords: Mutual authentication, key agreement, Kerberos, Anonymous, Handover, BAN logic, Random oracle

碩士
國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
92
Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) is a very popular application in wired network in recent years. But no product is developed for wireless network and little research is conducted in the literature. In this paper, we first discuss the network topology of DVE, and we find that how to efficiently use the bandwidth is a critical issue to decide the quality of DVE. Many research results point out that the technology of multicast can be used for DVE to reduce the bandwidth consumption. In mobile ad hoc network (MANET) environment, which has the characteristic of low bandwidth, multicast is a very suitable technique for developing a DVE. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical tree-based self-addressing algorithm, by which packets can be routed efficiently. Then we develop a novel small group multicast algorithm based on our tree architecture. We have performed simulations to evaluate the performance of our multicast algorithm, and the result point out that it reduce the bandwidth consumption. Finally, we implement a simple DVE by taking use of our algorithm to show that our method is feasible significantly.

碩士
國立交通大學
電子研究所
84
Multimedia transmission is just the current trend of the moderncommunication. Somehow with the bandwidth we have today, this combinationof video, audio and many still images would be such great amount ofinformation and the transmission could be terribly time-consuming. As aresult, people are working on the techniques to fit the very low bit ratenetwork, but mostly they just lack of the demonstration platform for theexperiment and experience of the quality and efficiency of their researchand development.In this thesis, an exprimental development platform is proposed. Thisplatform provides users an integrated environment to develop their owncompression/decompression programs with simply plug-and-play, and it alsosimulates the very low bit rate network environment similar to the MODEMtransmission. What is more, this platform supports external audio input andoutput, still image display, motional video playing and an interactivelytalking electric whiteboard. With the platform implemented in this thesis,users will save the efforts to design the user interface and to communicatewith the complicated hardware. Finally, the methodology and analysis of thedesign issues will be discussed in this thesis as well.

It is a well-recognized fact that unmanned aerial vehicles are an essential element in today’s network-centric integrated battlefield environment. Compared to solo UAV missions, multiple unmanned aerial vehicles deployed in co-operative mode, offer many advantages that has motivated UAV researchers all over the world to evolve concept of operations that aims in achieving a paradigm shift from traditional ”dull” missions to perform ”dirty” and ”dangerous” missions. In future success of a mission will depend on interaction among UAV groups with no interaction with any ground entity. To reach this capability level, it is necessary for researchers, to first understand the various levels of autonomy and the crucial role that information and communication plays in making these autonomy levels possible. The thesis is in four parts: (i) Development of an organized framework to realize the goal of achieving fully autonomous systems. (ii) Design of UAV grouping algorithm and coordination tactics for ground attack missions. (iii) Cooperative network management in GPS denied environments. (iv) UAV group tactical path and goal re-plan in GPS denied wide area urban environments. This research thesis represents many first steps taken in the study of autonomous UAV systems and in particular group autonomy. An organized framework for autonomous mission control level by defining various sublevels, classifying the existing solutions and highlighting the various research opportunities available at each level is discussed. Significant contribution to group autonomy research, by providing first of its kind solution for UAV grouping based on Dubins’ path, establishing GPS protected wireless network capable of operating in GPS denied environment and demonstration of group tactical path and goal re-plan in a layered persistent ISR mission is presented. Algorithms discussed in this thesis are generic in nature and can be applied to higher autonomous mission control levels, involving strategic decisions among UAVs, satellites and ground forces in a network centric environment.

碩士
國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
104
Migration is an important research issue in cloud computing. For example, when the some emergency situations, the computers for the cloud computing servers should be closed, we need to move the cloud computing resources from a virtual environment to another virtual environment. The network migration can be used to move the entire cloud computing resources and network configuration from a computer center to another computer center. In our paper, we proposed the live network migration solution based on the mobile IPv6 NEMO. The proposed solution uses tunnel technology to establish logical communication between the migrated computer center and the target computer center, and uses the binding updated to change the network topology. The experiment results show that the proposed solution can provide live network migration for the hybrid cloud network environment.