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Journal articles on the topic 'Density manipulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

GOPKO, MIKHAIL, VICTOR N. MIKHEEV, and JOUNI TASKINEN. "Positive density-dependent growth supports costs sharing hypothesis and population density sensing in a manipulative parasite." Parasitology 144, no. 11 (June 27, 2017): 1511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017001020.

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SUMMARYParasites manipulate their hosts’ phenotype to increase their own fitness. Like any evolutionary adaptation, parasitic manipulations should be costly. Though it is difficult to measure costs of the manipulation directly, they can be evaluated using an indirect approach. For instance, theory suggests that as the parasite infrapopulation grows, the investment of individual parasites in host manipulation decreases, because of cost sharing. Another assumption is that in environments where manipulation does not pay off for the parasite, it can decrease its investment in the manipulation to save resources. We experimentally infected rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with the immature larvae of the trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, to test these assumptions. Immature D. pseudospathaceum metacercariae are known for their ability to manipulate the behaviour of their host enhancing its anti-predator defenses to avoid concomitant predation. We found that the growth rate of individual parasites in rainbow trout increased with the infrapopulation size (positive density-dependence) suggesting cost sharing. Moreover, parasites adjusted their growth to the intensity of infection within the eye lens where they were localized suggesting population density sensing. Results of this study support the hypothesis that macroparasites can adjust their growth rate and manipulation investment according to cost sharing level and infrapopulation size.

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2

Cattaneo, Matias D., Michael Jansson, and Xinwei Ma. "Manipulation Testing Based on Density Discontinuity." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 18, no. 1 (March 2018): 234–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1801800115.

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In this article, we introduce two community-contributed commands, rddensity and rdbwdensity, that implement automatic manipulation tests based on density discontinuity and are constructed using the results for local-polynomial density estimators in Cattaneo, Jansson, and Ma (2017b, Simple local polynomial density estimators, Working paper, University of Michigan). These new tests exhibit better size properties (and more power under additional assumptions) than other conventional approaches currently available in the literature. The first command, rddensity, implements manipulation tests based on a novel local-polynomial density estimation technique that avoids prebinning of the data (improving size properties) and allows for restrictions on other features of the model (improving power properties). The second command, rdbwdensity, implements several bandwidth selectors specifically tailored for the manipulation tests discussed herein. We also provide a companion R package with the same syntax and capabilities as rddensity and rdbwdensity.

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3

Carlson, J. W., A. Jonas, and S. G. Sligar. "Imaging and manipulation of high-density lipoproteins." Biophysical Journal 73, no. 3 (September 1997): 1184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(97)78150-5.

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4

Park, Sung-Yong, and Pei-Yu Chiou. "Light-Driven Droplet Manipulation Technologies for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications." Advances in OptoElectronics 2011 (October 30, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/909174.

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Droplet-based (digital) microfluidics has been demonstrated in many lab-on-a-chip applications due to its free cross-contamination and no dispersion nature. Droplet manipulation mechanisms are versatile, and each has unique advantages and limitations. Recently, the idea of manipulating droplets with light beams either through optical forces or light-induced physical mechanisms has attracted some interests, since light can achieve 3D addressing, carry high energy density for high speed actuation, and be patterned and dynamically reconfigured to generate a large number of light beams for massively parallel manipulation. This paper reviews recent developments of various optical technologies for droplet manipulation and their applications in lab-on-a-chip.

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5

Du, Zhijiang, and Hui Dong. "Optimal dimension of redundant manipulator using the workspace density function." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 11 (May 4, 2015): 1787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215586009.

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The redundant manipulator has been broadly applied to various fields including industrial manufacturing, surgical manipulation and space exploration by providing high accuracy, flexibility, and efficiency. Particularly, the technology is capable of improving the assembling precision while simplifying the operation in complicated environments, and therefore of intense interest in industrial settings. For manipulator design, space occupation optimizing is a critical step and parameters of the flexible area, the shape and size of workspace have been commonly employed to evaluate the optimizing performance. In this paper, by combining the Fourier transform with the convolution theorem, we presented a workspace density function of redundant manipulator to describe the shape and size of workspace and flexibility. The workspace density function is an evaluation criterion to select the optimal geometric parameters for the manipulator. Based on the workspace density function shown in the simulation results section, the optimal design parameters were obtained. The approach presented in this paper holds the potential to improve the redundant manipulator design.

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6

Cho, Yasuo, Sunao Hashimoto, Nozomi Odagawa, Kenkou Tanaka, and Yoshiomi Hiranaga. "Nanodomain manipulation for ultrahigh density ferroelectric data storage." Nanotechnology 17, no. 7 (March 10, 2006): S137—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/7/s06.

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7

Massot, Manuel, Jean Clobert, Thierry Pilorge, Jane Lecomte, and Robert Barbault. "Density Dependence in the Common Lizard: Demographic Consequences of a Density Manipulation." Ecology 73, no. 5 (October 1992): 1742–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940026.

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8

Joubert, F. J., M. H. du Plessis, E. D. Steenkamp, and P. J. C. Stassen. "Manipulation of citrus trees for new higher-density orchards." Journal of Applied Horticulture 04, no. 01 (June 15, 2002): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2002.v04i01.05.

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9

Gao, Shang, Felix Flicker, Raman Sankar, He Zhao, Zheng Ren, Bryan Rachmilowitz, Sidhika Balachandar, et al. "Atomic-scale strain manipulation of a charge density wave." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 27 (June 18, 2018): 6986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718931115.

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A charge density wave (CDW) is one of the fundamental instabilities of the Fermi surface occurring in a wide range of quantum materials. In dimensions higher than one, where Fermi surface nesting can play only a limited role, the selection of the particular wavevector and geometry of an emerging CDW should in principle be susceptible to controllable manipulation. In this work, we implement a simple method for straining materials compatible with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), and use it to strain-engineer CDWs in 2H-NbSe2. Our STM/S measurements, combined with theory, reveal how small strain-induced changes in the electronic band structure and phonon dispersion lead to dramatic changes in the CDW ordering wavevector and geometry. Our work unveils the microscopic mechanism of a CDW formation in this system, and can serve as a general tool compatible with a range of spectroscopic techniques to engineer electronic states in any material where local strain or lattice symmetry breaking plays a role.

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10

SUDHALKAR, HEMALI A., and MARK W. JOHNSON. "PERFLUOROCARBON LIQUID MANIPULATION OF HIGH-DENSITY INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODIES." RETINA 18, no. 5 (1998): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-199809000-00013.

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11

SUDHALKAR, HEMALI A., and MARK W. JOHNSON. "PERFLUOROCARBON LIQUID MANIPULATION OF HIGH-DENSITY INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODIES." Retina 18, no. 5 (May 1998): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-199805000-00014.

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12

Michalski, Fernanda, and Darren Norris. "Artificial nest predation rates vary depending on visibility in the eastern Brazilian Amazon." Acta Amazonica 44, no. 3 (September 2014): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201302553.

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Observational and experimental studies have shown that increased concealment of bird nests reduces nest predation rates. The objective of the present study was to evaluate differences in predation rates between two experimental manipulations of artificial ground nests (i.e., clearing an area around the artificial nest or leaving it as natural as possible), and test whether environmental variables also affected nest predation in an undisturbed area of Amazonian forest in eastern Brazil. A generalized linear model was used to examine the influence of five variables (manipulation type, perpendicular distance from the main trail, total basal area of trees surrounding the nest site, understorey density, and liana quantity) on nest predation rates. Model results, showed that manipulation type was the only variable that significantly affected nest predation rates. Thus, to avoid systematic biases, the influence of nest site manipulation must be taken into consideration when conducting experiments with artificial nests.

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13

Hardie, Scott A. "Hydrological manipulation to assist spawning of a threatened galaxiid fish in a highland lake system." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 9 (2013): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12197.

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Hydrological alterations threaten freshwater fishes globally, with infrastructure-related modification of inland waterways (e.g. dams, water diversions) having profound impacts on many species. Adapting existing water-management systems can provide opportunities for undertaking hydrological manipulations to assist management of threatened fishes. The present study conducted two hydrological manipulations in an impounded highland lake system in Tasmania, Australia, under differing hydrological conditions in 2007 and 2009, to assist recovery of an endemic species, Galaxias auratus, following a prolonged drought. Monitoring at egg, larvae, juvenile and adult life stages revealed a positive response by G. auratus in Lake Crescent (recipient of water release), with no adverse impact on the species in Lake Sorell (source of water release). In both years, reproductive constraints imposed by water level-related availability of sediment-free rocky substrata delayed spawning (~1 month) of G. auratus in Lake Crescent. Despite this, spawning and recruitment occurred in 2007 (drought year) and 2009 (drought-breaking year), and the 2007 manipulation resulted in a two-fold increase in the seasonal density of larvae in Lake Crescent and an abundant cohort of YOY fish. Given knowledge of life histories and eco-hydrological relationships, manipulating (or re-instating) hydrologic conditions is a powerful tool for assisting recovery of threatened lacustrine fishes.

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14

Chen, Chong-You, Chang-Ming Wang, Pai-Shan Chen, and Wei-Ssu Liao. "Surface functional DNA density control by programmable molecular defects." Chemical Communications 54, no. 33 (2018): 4100–4103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09908h.

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15

Klemelä, Jussi. "Algorithms for manipulation of level sets of nonparametric density estimates." Computational Statistics 20, no. 2 (June 2005): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02789708.

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16

Freilich, Jerry. "Factors Influencing Movements of Pteronarcys Nymphs in Pacific Creek, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 12 (January 1, 1988): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1988.2709.

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Controversy continues over the relative importance of resource limitation and intraspecific competition in stream ecosystems (Grossman et al 1982, Hart 1983). The chief trouble is separating density independent effects (e.g., Knight and Gaufin 1963) from effects that are density-dependent (i.e., biological) (Peckarsky 1979). Movements of marked individuals can reveal fine detail about intraspecific coupetition or effects of environmental heterogeneity. My research uses individually marked stoneflies (Pteronarcys californica) to study movement patterns. Pteronarcys was chosen because it is large enough to tag and can be caught by electroshocking. The work has 2 parts: a descriptive study of stonefly novements, and a series of manipulations to probe factors affecting them. The descriptive study was conducted in 1987: (1) to determine feasibility of catching and marking large numbers of stoneflies; (2) to obtain life history data (sex, size, phenology); (3) to find out the size of Pteronarcys home ranges; and (4) to discover maximum distance and maximum rate the stoneflies can move. Purposes (3) and (4) were intended to guide formulation of the manipulation study by providing an estimate for sample and quadrat sizes. The manipulation study, (July-November 1988), was a randomized block ANOVA design. Food and stonefly density were manipulated in 4m2 quadrats in Pacific Creek. Purposes of the manipulation were: (1) to see if stoneflies use available habitat differentially; (2) to discover the relative importance of food availability in explaining stonefly distribution; (3) to test for intraspecific interactions as determinants of movement; (4) to look for interactions between food and intraspecific factors. I present here some results from 1987 and summarize data from 1988 (only now beginning to be analyzed).

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17

Luo, Shupin, Li Gao, and Wenjing Guo. "EFFECT OF FACE LAYER MANIPULATION ON THE DENSITY PROFILE AND PROPERTIES OF LOW DENSITY PARTICLEBOARD." Wood Research 65, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.1.125134.

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18

Camacho, Adriana, and Emily Conover. "Manipulation of Social Program Eligibility." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.2.41.

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We document how manipulation of a targeting system for social welfare programs evolves over time. First, there was strategic behavior of some local politicians in the timing of the household interviews around local elections. Then, there was corrupt behavior with the sudden emergence of a sharp discontinuity in the score density, exactly at the eligibility threshold, which coincided with the release of the score algorithm to local officials. The discontinuity at the threshold is larger where mayoral elections are more competitive. While cultural forces are surely relevant for corruption, our results also highlight the importance of information and incentives. (JEL D72, I32, I38, O15, O17).

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19

Franks, Peter J., Timothy W. Doheny-Adams, Zoe J. Britton-Harper, and Julie E. Gray. "Increasing water-use efficiency directly through genetic manipulation of stomatal density." New Phytologist 207, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.13347.

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20

Zong, Alfred, Xiaozhe Shen, Anshul Kogar, Linda Ye, Carolyn Marks, Debanjan Chowdhury, Timm Rohwer, et al. "Ultrafast manipulation of mirror domain walls in a charge density wave." Science Advances 4, no. 10 (October 2018): eaau5501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau5501.

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Domain walls (DWs) are singularities in an ordered medium that often host exotic phenomena such as charge ordering, insulator-metal transition, or superconductivity. The ability to locally write and erase DWs is highly desirable, as it allows one to design material functionality by patterning DWs in specific configurations. We demonstrate such capability at room temperature in a charge density wave (CDW), a macroscopic condensate of electrons and phonons, in ultrathin 1T-TaS2. A single femtosecond light pulse is shown to locally inject or remove mirror DWs in the CDW condensate, with probabilities tunable by pulse energy and temperature. Using time-resolved electron diffraction, we are able to simultaneously track anti-synchronized CDW amplitude oscillations from both the lattice and the condensate, where photoinjected DWs lead to a red-shifted frequency. Our demonstration of reversible DW manipulation may pave new ways for engineering correlated material systems with light.

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21

SAKITA, Kazuhiro, and Masanori IGOSHI. "Surface Manipulation Using Density Spatial Model for Computer Aided Industrial Design." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 65, no. 639 (1999): 4547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.65.4547.

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22

Das, Apangshu, and Sambhu Nath Pradhan. "Thermal-aware Output Polarity Selection Based on And-Inverter Graph Manipulation." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096511666180320120016.

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Background: Output polarity of the sub-function is generally considered to reduce the area and power of a circuit at the two-level realization. Along with area and power, the power-density is also one of the significant parameter which needs to be consider, because power-density directly converges to circuit temperature. More than 50% of the modern day integrated circuits are damaged due to excessive overheating. Methods: This work demonstrates the impact of efficient power density based logic synthesis (in the form of suitable polarity selection of sub-function of Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs) for its multilevel realization) for the reduction of temperature. Two-level PLA optimization using output polarity selection is considered first and compared with other existing techniques and then And-Invert Graphs (AIG) based multi-level realization has been considered to overcome the redundant solution generated in two-level synthesis. AIG nodes and associated power dissipation can be reduced by rewriting, refactoring and balancing technique. Reduction of nodes leads to the reduction of the area but on the contrary increases power and power density of the circuit. A meta-heuristic search approach i.e., Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is proposed to select the suitable output polarity of PLA sub-functions for its optimal realization. Results: Best power density based solution saves up to 8.29% power density compared to ‘espresso – dopo’ based solutions. Around 9.57% saving in area and 9.67% saving in power (switching activity) are obtained with respect to ‘espresso’ based solution using NSGA-II. Conclusion: Suitable output polarity realized circuit is converted into multi-level AIG structure and synthesized to overcome the redundant solution at the two-level circuit. It is observed that with the increase in power density, the temperature of a particular circuit is also increases.

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23

Meinecke, C. "Increasing the Number of Context Elements in Early Vision: More is Better." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0507.

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Studies in visual search have shown that in feature search conditions in which the target differs from the context in a single feature (like orientation), search time increases only slightly (or sometimes not at all) as a function of increasing number of context elements. This is a typical result for early vision conditions, and is taken as an indicator of parallel processing of the whole stimulus. In visual search experiments the manipulation of increasing the number of context elements is confounded with the fact of increasing their spatial density. And as is known from other typical early vision parameters, eg texture segmentation, increasing density improves performance. So, parallel visual search may be a byproduct of the (implicit) density manipulation. In two texture-segmentation experiments, the number of context elements was increased while their spatial density was kept constant. This manipulation leads to an enlargement of the whole stimulus. The results show that under these conditions increasing the number of context elements even improved performance. This improvement was observed particularly at a retinal eccentricity of more than 3 deg. The results are explained within a framework of a spatial pooling mechanism.

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24

Laws, A. N., and A. Joern. "Density mediates grasshopper performance in response to temperature manipulation and spider predation in tallgrass prairie." Bulletin of Entomological Research 107, no. 2 (October 5, 2016): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316000894.

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AbstractSpecies interactions are often context-dependent, where outcomes require an understanding of influences among multiple biotic and abiotic factors. However, it remains unclear how abiotic factors such as temperature combine with important biotic factors such as density-dependent food limitation and predation to influence species interactions. Using a native grassland – grasshopper – wolf spider model food chain in tallgrass prairie, we conducted a manipulative field experiment to examine how predator–prey interactions respond to manipulations of temperature, grasshopper density, and food chain length. We find that grasshopper performance responses to temperature and predator treatments were density dependent. At high densities, grasshopper survival decreased with increased temperature when no spiders were present. When spiders were present, grasshopper survival was reduced, and this effect was strongest in the cooled treatment. In contrast, grasshopper survival did not vary significantly with spider presence or among temperature treatments at low grasshopper densities. Our results indicate that context-dependent species interactions are common and highlight the importance of understanding how and when key biotic and abiotic factors combine to influence species interactions.

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Kim, Si-Eun, Alex M. Jordan, LaShanda T. J. Korley, and Jonathan K. Pokorski. "Drawing in poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers: tuning mechanics, fiber dimensions and surface-modification density." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 23 (2017): 4499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb00096k.

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Su, He-Ping, Shu-Fang Li, Yifeng Han, Mei-Xia Wu, Churen Gui, Yanfen Chang, Mark Croft, et al. "Predicted polymorph manipulation in an exotic double perovskite oxide." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 39 (2019): 12306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03367j.

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First-principles density functional theory calculations, for the first time, was used to predict the Mg₃TeO₆-to-perovskite type phase transition in Mn₃TeO₆ at around 5 GPa.

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27

Funahashi, Kenji, Ken-ichi Usami, and Yuji Iwahori. "Expression of Liquid Flow with Density Change Model in Virtual Liquid Manipulation." Journal of the Society for Art and Science 2, no. 1 (2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3756/artsci.2.1.

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28

Zhang, Chengqian, Peng Zhao, Fu Gu, Jun Xie, Neng Xia, Yong He, and Jianzhong Fu. "Single-Ring Magnetic Levitation Configuration for Object Manipulation and Density-Based Measurement." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 15 (June 27, 2018): 9226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01724.

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ZHAO Min, 赵敏, 秦丽 QIN Li, 马宗敏 MA Zong-min, 王芳 WANG Fang, 张少文 ZHANG Shao-wen, 林朝东 LIN Chao-dong, and 刘俊 LIU Jun. "The Spin Manipulation of the High Density of NV Centers in Diamond." Acta Sinica Quantum Optica 22, no. 4 (2016): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/asqo20162204.0379.

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30

Carinhas, Nuno, Vicente Bernal, Francisca Monteiro, Manuel J. T. Carrondo, Rui Oliveira, and Paula M. Alves. "Improving baculovirus production at high cell density through manipulation of energy metabolism." Metabolic Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 2010): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2009.08.008.

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31

Zhang, Chengqian, Peng Zhao, Fu Gu, Xuechun Zhang, Jun Xie, Yong He, Huamin Zhou, Jianzhong Fu, and Lih-Sheng Turng. "Axial-Circular Magnetic Levitation: A Three-Dimensional Density Measurement and Manipulation Approach." Analytical Chemistry 92, no. 10 (April 1, 2020): 6925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05606.

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32

Lecomte, Jane, Jean Clobert, Manuel Massot, and Robert Barbault. "Spatial and behavioural consequences of a density manipulation in the common lizard1." Écoscience 1, no. 4 (January 1994): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.1994.11682255.

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Hyuk Park, Ju, Kyung Suh Minn, Hyeong Rae Lee, Sei Hyun Yang, Cheng Bin Yu, Seong Yeol Pak, Chi Sung Oh, Young Seok Song, Yeon June Kang, and Jae Ryoun Youn. "Cell openness manipulation of low density polyurethane foam for efficient sound absorption." Journal of Sound and Vibration 406 (October 2017): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2017.06.021.

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Thysell, David R., and Andrew B. Carey. "Manipulation of density of Pseudotsuga menziesii canopies: preliminary effects on understory vegetation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-085.

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Managing second-growth forests to conserve biodiversity has been proposed by both foresters and conservation biologists. Management, however, can have unintended consequences, including reduction in native species diversity and increased invasion by exotic species. Our goal was to determine if inducing heterogeneity in managed forest canopies could promote a diversity of native species without contributing markedly to invasion by exotic species. We examined 1- and 3-year responses of understory plants to variable-density thinning of 55- to 65-year-old stands of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Our study stands had been managed either with retention of old-growth legacies (large live trees, dead trees, and fallen trees) and no thinning or with removal of legacies and twice-repeated conventional thinning. Variable-density thinning initially resulted in decreased understory cover but increased importance of 20 native species, including 2 species of trees. Two native species, however, decreased in importance, and 11 exotic species increased in importance. Within 3 years, understory cover recovered, species richness increased by >150%, only four exotic species persisted with increased importance, eight native species (including four graminoids) increased in importance, and seven native species decreased in importance. Variable-density thinning shows promise as part of holistic silvicultural systems applied across landscapes throughout stand rotations and as a technique to restore vegetative complexity to closed-canopy second-growth forests.

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Дербин, Vasiliy Derbin, Дербин, and Mikhail Derbin. "The technology of harvester working in selective felling." Forestry Engineering Journal 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19956.

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Formula of harvester performance with divided of processing time of one tree into components is represented. Analyzed duration of components the time cycle of wood processing, it is concluded that the manipulation duration of hydraulic manipulator is changing at work on different technologies of harvester and thus constituting the processing time of one tree. According to the first technology from one operating position felling is provided by a larger number of trees and by this technology performance is higher than the second. When selecting technology work of the harvester necessary to consider the particular working conditions (density of plantings, soil conditions).

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Luican-Mayer, Adina, Yuan Zhang, Andrew DiLullo, Yang Li, Brandon Fisher, Sergio E. Ulloa, and Saw-Wai Hla. "Negative differential resistance observed on the charge density wave of a transition metal dichalcogenide." Nanoscale 11, no. 46 (2019): 22351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07857f.

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37

Bitume, E. V., D. Bonte, O. Ronce, I. Olivieri, and C. M. Nieberding. "Dispersal distance is influenced by parental and grand-parental density." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1790 (September 7, 2014): 20141061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1061.

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Non-genetic transmission of information across generations, so-called parental effects, can have significant impacts on offspring morphology, physiology, behaviour and life-history traits. In previous experimental work using the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, we demonstrated that dispersal distances increase with local density and levels of genetic relatedness. We here show that manipulation of parental and grand-parental density has a significant effect on offspring dispersal distance, of the same order of magnitude as manipulation of offspring density. We demonstrate that offspring exposed to the same density disperse further if they were born to parents exposed to higher density compared with parents exposed to low density. Offspring dispersal distance also increases when grand-parents were exposed to higher density, except for offspring exposed to low densities, which disperse at shorter distances whatever the grand-parental density. We also show that offspring from mothers exposed to higher densities were overall larger, which suggests that parents in high densities invest more in individual offspring, enabling them to disperse further. We propose that our findings should be included in models investigating the spread rate of invasive species or when predicting the success of conservation measures of species attempting to track changing climates.

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Orrock, John L., and Robert J. Fletcher. "An island-wide predator manipulation reveals immediate and long-lasting matching of risk by prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1784 (June 7, 2014): 20140391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0391.

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Anti-predator behaviour affects prey population dynamics, mediates cascading effects in food webs and influences the likelihood of rapid extinctions. Predator manipulations in natural settings provide a rare opportunity to understand how prey anti-predator behaviour is affected by large-scale changes in predators. Here, we couple a long-term, island-wide manipulation of an important rodent predator, the island fox ( Urocyon littoralis ), with nearly 6 years of measurements on foraging by deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) to provide unequivocal evidence that prey closely match their foraging behaviour to the number of fox predators present on the island. Peromyscus maniculatus foraging among exposed and sheltered microhabitats (a measure of aversion to predation risk) closely tracked fox density, but the nature of this effect depended upon nightly environmental conditions known to affect rodent susceptibility to predators. These effects could not be explained by changes in density of deer mice over time. Our work reveals that prey in natural settings are cognizant of the dynamic nature of their predators over timescales that span many years, and that predator removals spanning many generations of prey do not result in a loss of anti-predator behaviour.

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Robinault, Lucien, Aleš Holobar, Sylvain Crémoux, Usman Rashid, Imran Khan Niazi, Kelly Holt, Jimmy Lauber, and Heidi Haavik. "The Effects of Spinal Manipulation on Motor Unit Behavior." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010105.

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Over recent years, a growing body of research has highlighted the neural plastic effects of spinal manipulation on the central nervous system. Recently, it has been shown that spinal manipulation improved outcomes, such as maximum voluntary force and limb joint position sense, reflecting improved sensorimotor integration and processing. This study aimed to further evaluate how spinal manipulation can alter neuromuscular activity. High density electromyography (HD sEMG) signals from the tibialis anterior were recorded and decomposed in order to study motor unit changes in 14 subjects following spinal manipulation or a passive movement control session in a crossover study design. Participants were asked to produce ankle dorsiflexion at two force levels, 5% and 10% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), following two different patterns of force production (“ramp” and “ramp and maintain”). A significant decrease in the conduction velocity (p = 0.01) was observed during the “ramp and maintain” condition at 5% MVC after spinal manipulation. A decrease in conduction velocity suggests that spinal manipulation alters motor unit recruitment patterns with an increased recruitment of lower threshold, lower twitch torque motor units.

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Lee, Jaejoon, and Jaewook Lee. "Magnetic Force Enhancement Using Air-Gap Magnetic Field Manipulation by Optimized Coil Currents." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010104.

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This paper presents an air-gap magnetic field manipulation by optimized coil currents for a magnetic force enhancement in electromechanical devices. The external coil is designed near the device air-gap for manipulating the magnetic field distribution. The distribution of external coil currents is then optimized for maximizing the magnetic force in the tangential direction to the air-gap line. For the optimization, the design domain near air-gap is divided into small areas, and design variables are assigned at each small design area. The design variables determines not only the strength of coil current density (i.e., number of coil turns) but also whether the material state is coil or iron. In a benchmark actuator example, it is shown that 11.12% force enhancement is available by manipulating the air-gap magnetic field distribution using the optimized coil current. By investigating the magnetic field distribution, it is confirmed that the optimized coil current manipulated the magnetic field, forwarding a focused and inclined distribution that is an ideal distribution for maximizing the magnetic force.

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Wu, Meikui, Makoto Takemoto, Makoto Taniguchi, Toru Takumi, Toshiro Okazaki, and Wen-Jie Song. "Regulation of membrane KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel density by sphingomyelin synthase 1." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 311, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): C15—C23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00272.2015.

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Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylcholine and ceramide to sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol. We previously showed that SMS1 deficiency leads to a reduction in expression of the K+ channel KCNQ1 in the inner ear (Lu MH, Takemoto M, Watanabe K, Luo H, Nishimura M, Yano M, Tomimoto H, Okazaki T, Oike Y, and Song WJ. J Physiol 590: 4029–4044, 2012), causing hearing loss. However, it remains unknown whether this change in expression is attributable to a cellular process or a systemic effect in the knockout animal. Here, we examined whether manipulation of SMS1 activity affects KCNQ1/KCNE1 currents in individual cells. To this end, we expressed the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and evaluated the effect of SMS1 manipulations on the channel using whole cell recording. Application of tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate, a nonspecific inhibitor of SMSs, significantly reduced current density and altered channel voltage dependence. Knockdown of SMS1 by a short hairpin RNA, however, reduced current density alone. Consistent with this, overexpression of SMS1 increased the current density without changing channel properties. Furthermore, application of protein kinase D inhibitors also suppressed current density without changing channel properties; this effect was nonadditive with that of SMS1 short hairpin RNA. These results suggest that SMS1 positively regulates KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel density in a protein kinase D-dependent manner.

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Jones, K. M., and T. B. Koen. "MANIPULATION OF BLOSSOM DENSITY AND THE EFFECTS OF ETHEPHON THINNING OF GOLDEN DELICIOUS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 179 (July 1986): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.179.108.

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Lauri, P. E. "DEVELOPMENTS IN HIGH DENSITY CHERRIES IN FRANCE: INTEGRATION OF TREE ARCHITECTURE AND MANIPULATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 667 (February 2005): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.667.42.

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Otto, Stefanus, Andreas Roodt, Johannes J. C. Erasmus, and Jannie C. Swarts. "Electron density manipulation in rhodium(I) phosphine complexes: structure of acetylacetonatocarbonylferrocenyl- diphenylphosphinerhodium(I)." Polyhedron 17, no. 15 (July 1998): 2447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(98)00049-7.

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Ramírez, Hanz Y. "Double dressing and manipulation of the photonic density of states in nanostructured qubits." RSC Advances 3, no. 47 (2013): 24991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra43749c.

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Frankfurt, Maya, and Bruce S. McEwen. "5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine and Gonadal Steroid Manipulation Alter Spine Density in Ventromedial Hypothalamic Neurons." Neuroendocrinology 54, no. 6 (1991): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000125975.

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Thrush, S. F., V. J. Cummings, P. K. Dayton, R. Ford, J. Grant, J. E. Hewitt, A. H. Hines, et al. "Matching the outcome of small-scale density manipulation experiments with larger scale patterns." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 216, no. 1-2 (September 1997): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(97)00094-4.

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Mukhametzhanov, I., R. Heitz, J. Zeng, P. Chen, and A. Madhukar. "Independent manipulation of density and size of stress-driven self-assembled quantum dots." Applied Physics Letters 73, no. 13 (September 28, 1998): 1841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122300.

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Wlaschin, Katie F., and Wei-Shou Hu. "Engineering cell metabolism for high-density cell culture via manipulation of sugar transport." Journal of Biotechnology 131, no. 2 (August 2007): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.06.006.

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McCrary, Justin. "Manipulation of the running variable in the regression discontinuity design: A density test." Journal of Econometrics 142, no. 2 (February 2008): 698–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005.

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