Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Density Functional Theory (DFT) - First Principles Calculations'

First principles calculations can be a computationally intensive task when studying large systems. Linear-scaling methods must be employed to find the electronic structure of systems consisting of thousands of atoms and greater. The goal of this thesis is to combine the linear-scaling divide-and-conquer (D&C) method with the linear-scaling capabilities of the SIESTA (Spanish Initiative for Electronic Simulations with Thousands of Atoms) density functional theory (DFT) methodology and present this union as a viable approach to large-scale first principles calculations. In particular, the density matrix version of the D&C method is implemented into the SIESTA package. This implementation can accommodate high quality calculations consisting of atom numbers in the tens of thousands using moderate computing resources. Low quality calculations have been tested up to half million atoms using reasonably sized computing resources.The D&C method is extended to better handle atomic dynamics simulations. First, by alleviating issues caused by discontinuities in the potential energy surface, with the application of a switching function on the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices. This allows for a smooth potential energy surface to be generated. The switching function has the additional benefit of accelerating the self-consistent field (SCF) process. Secondly, the D&C frozen density matrix (FDM) is modified to allow for improved charge transfer between the active and constrained regions of the system. This modification is found to reduce both the number of SCF iterations required for self-consistency and the number of relaxation steps in a local geometry optimisation. The D&C paradigm is applied to the real-time approach of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The method is tested on a linear alkane molecule with varying levels of success.Divergences in the induced dipole moment occur when the external excitation field is aligned parallel to the axis of the molecule. The method succeeds in producing accurate dipole moments when the external field is aligned perpendicular to the molecule. Various techniques are tested to improve the proposed method. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the current D&C implementation is evaluated by studying three current systems. The first two systems consist of two different DNA sequences and the last system is the large ZIF-100 zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF).

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology has been under research since thelate 1950s, and most of the research has been on designs utilizing yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the electrolyte of choice. However, the SOFC technology has the major drawback of requiring high operation temperatures (up to 1000 degrees Celcius), so research of alternative materials have come into interest that would possibly require a lower working temperature without any significant loss of conductivity.One such material of interest for the electrolyte is compounds of ceriumdioxide (ceria). Ceria is well known for its ability to release oxygen by formingoxygen vacancies under oxygen-poor conditions, which increases its oxygen ionconductivity, and works at a lower temperature than the YSZ compounds whenproperly doped. Conversely, ceria is also able to absorb oxygen under oxygen-rich conditions, and those two abilities make it a very good material to use in catalytic converters for reduction of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emission. The ability for the oxygen ions to easily relocate inbetween the different lattice sites is likely the key property of oxygen ion transportation in ceria. Also, in oxygen-rich conditions, the absorbed oxygen atom is assumed to join the structure at either the roomy octrahedral sites, or the vacant tetrahedral sites. Following that, the oxygen atom may relocate to other vacant locations, given it can overcome a possible potential barrier.

This thesis studies how those interstitial oxygen vacancies (defects) affect theenergy profile of ceria-based supercells by first principles calculations. The system is modeled within the density functional theory (DFT) with aid of (extended) local density approximation (LDA+U) using the software VASP. Furthermore, it is studied how those vacancies affect neighbouring oxygen atoms, and wether or not it is energetically benificial for the neighbouring atoms to readjust their positions closer or further away from the vacancy. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze wether or not it is theoretically possible that interstitial oxygen vacancies may cause neighbouring oxygen atoms to naturally relocate to the octahedral site in ceria, and how this affects the overall energy profile of the material.

Afin de pouvoir utiliser les nouveaux matériaux semi-conducteurs dans les domaines de l’électronique et de l’optique, il faut parvenir à comprendre leur «structure électronique», ou plus précisément le positionnement des niveaux d’énergie des électrons impliqués dans l’absorption / émission d’un photon. Les propriétés électroniques, sensibles à la composition chimique et à la structure du matériau, sont théoriquement accessibles en résolvant les équations de la mécanique quantique sur ordinateur. Ce travail porte sur des simulations théoriques de la structure électronique de semi-conducteurs binaires constitués d'indium (ou du gallium) et de sélénium, ainsi que de leurs "dérivés" à base de cuivre. La stabilité relative des phases cristallographiques de certains composés In-Se et Ga-Se a été évaluée, ce qui a permis d’expliquer certaines tendances connues et de formuler des prédictions. Les résultats obtenus seront particulièrement utiles dans le domaine du photovoltaïque. Les simulations numériques ont été réalisées dans le cadre de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT), visant les structures cristallines d'équilibre et les propriétés électroniques de quelques semi-conducteurs binaires ou (pseudo)ternaires à base de Cu, In, Ga et Se. Les systèmes étudiés possèdent la même structure à courte portée (environnement tétraédrique des cations et anions) mais diffèrent à longue portée. Les composés binaires (Ga/In)Se, (Ga/In)2Se3 constituent des références importantes dans les diagrammes de phases des systèmes à base de (Cu, In, Se) et (Cu, Ga, Se), au sein desquels figurent les phases potentiellement utiles dans le domaine du photovoltaïque. Le travail comprend deux chapitres d'introduction et trois chapitres exposant des résultats nouveaux
In order to optimally use new semiconductor materials in electronics or optics, one needs to understand their “electronic structure”, that is, the mutual placement of the electron energy levels concerned by the processes of absorption / emission of a photon. The electronic properties, which depend on the material’s chemical composition and crystal structure, may be assessed by theory via solving quantum-mechanical equations on a computer. The present work deals with theory simulations of electronic structure done for several binary semiconductors consisting of indium (or gallium) and selenium, moreover for their “derivatives” containing copper. As a result, the relative stability of crystallographic phases of some Ga-Se and In-Se compounds has been assessed, explaining the known trends and making predictions. The results are expected to be useful for current works in photovoltaics. The numerical simulations have been performed within the density functional theory (DFT), aimed at the equilibrium crystal structures and electronic characteristics of several binary or (pseudo)ternary semiconductors based on Cu, In, Ga and Se. The compounds under study share similar short-range order features (tetrahedral environment of both cations and anions), differently assembled on a long-range scale. The binary compounds (Ga/In)Se, (Ga/In)2Se3 mark important end points at the phase diagrams of the (Cu,In,Se) and (Cu,Ga,Se) systems that cover a number of phases relevant, e.g., for applications in photovoltaics. The work comprises two chapters of introduction and three outlining novel results

The importance and promise that topological materials hold has been recently underscored by the award of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016 ``for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter." This dissertation explores the novel qualities and useful topologically protected surface states of topological insulators and semimetals. Topological materials have protected qualities which are not removed by weak perturbations. The manifestations of these qualities in topological insulators are spin-momentum-locked surface states, and in Weyl and Dirac semimetals they are unconventional open surface states (Fermi arcs) with anomalous electrical transport properties. There is great promise in utilizing the topologically protected surface states in electronics of the future, including spintronics, quantum computers, and highly sensitive devices. Physicists and chemists are also interested in the fundamental physics and exotic fermions exhibited in topological materials and in heterostructures including them. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the concepts and methods of topological band theory. Chapter 2 investigates the spin and spin-orbital texture and electronic structures of the surface states at side surfaces of a topological insulator, Bi2Se3, by using slab models within density functional theory. Two representative, experimentally achieved surfaces are examined, and it is shown that careful consideration of the crystal symmetry is necessary to understand the physics of the surface state Dirac cones at these surfaces. This advances the existing literature by properly taking into account surface relaxation and symmetry beyond what is contained in effective bulk model Hamiltonians. Chapter 3 examines the Fermi arcs of a topological Dirac semimetal (DSM) in the presence of asymmetric charge transfer, of the kind which would be present in heterostructures. Asymmetric charge transfer allows one to accurately identify the projections of Dirac nodes despite the existence of a band gap and to engineer the properties of the Fermi arcs, including spin texture. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of an external magnetic field applied to a DSM. The breaking of time reversal symmetry splits the Dirac nodes into topologically charged Weyl nodes which exhibit Fermi arcs as well as conventionally-closed surface states as one varies the chemical potential.
Ph. D.

In addition to their potential use at low to moderate temperatures in mobile fuel cell technologies, metal hydrides may also find application as high temperature tritium getterers in the U.S. DOE Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). We use Density Functional Theory to identify metal hydrides capable of sequestering tritium at temperatures in excess of 1000 K. First we establish the minimum level of theory required to accurately capture the thermodynamics of highly stable metal hydrides and determine that isotope effects can be neglected for material screening. Binary hydride thermodynamics are largely well established, and ternary and higher hydrides typically either do not form or decompose at lower temperatures. In this thesis we investigate anomalous systems with enhanced stability in order to identify candidates for the NGNP application beyond the binary hydrides. Methods implemented in this work are particularly useful for deriving finite temperature phase stability behavior in condensed systems. We use grand potential minimization methods to predict the interstitial Th−Zr−H phase diagram and apply high throughput, semi-automated screening methodologies to identify candidate complex transition metal hydrides (CTMHs) from a diverse library of all known, simulation ready ternary and quaternary CTMHs (102 materials) and 149 hypothetical ternary CTMHs based on existing prototype structures. Our calculations significantly expand both the thermodynamic data available for known CTMHs and the potential composition space over which previously unobserved CTMHs may be thermodynamically stable. Initial calculations indicate that the overall economic viability of the tritium sequestration system for the NGNP will largely depend on the amount of protium rather than tritium in the metal hydride gettering bed feed stream.

In this dissertation, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate (1)NO2 adsorption on BaO in NOx Storage Reduction (NSR) catalyst affected by the morphology of BaO and the γ-Al2O3 support, (2) energy barrier of H2 dissociative adsorption over Mg clusters affected by its electronic structure, and (3) comparison of the activities of CeO2 clusters affected by two different supports--monoclinic ZrO2 and non-spinel γ-Al2O3. Our results showed that the electronic effect caused by the non-stoichiometry of the bare BaO clusters and surfaces improves their reactivities toward NO2 adsorption greatly, whereas the geometric structure of the catalyst has only minor effect on the activity; we also found that the γ-Al2O3 substrate improves the reactivities of the supported BaO clusters and at the same time the interface between BaO and γ-Al2O3 provided a unique and highly reactive environment for NO2 adsorption. Hydrogen dissociation barrier over pure Mg clusters is greatly affected by the electronic structure of the clusters--closed shell clusters such as Mg10 and Mg92- have higher energy barrier toward H2 dissociation; however, H2 dissociation over clusters that are two electrons shy from the closed electronic shell are relatively easier. As substrates, neither ZrO2(111) nor γ-Al2O3(100) affects the reactivity of the supported Ce2O4 toward CO2 adsorption and CO physisorption significantly; whereas the reactivity of Ce2O4 toward CO reactive adsorption were found to be affected by the two substrates very differently.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful experimental technique for probing the local environment of nuclei in materials. However, it can be difficult to separate the large number of interactions that are recorded in the resulting spectra. First-principles calculations based on quantum mechanics therefore provide much-needed support for interpreting experimental spectra. In this way, the underlying mechanisms recorded in experimental spectra can be investigated on an atomic level, and trends can be noted with which to guide the direction of future experiments. This thesis presents two cases in which first-principles calculations do just that. The first is an investigation of the perovskite structures of NaNbO₃, KNbO₃, LiNbO₃ and the related solid solutions of Na_xK_1-xNbO₃, K_xNa_1-xNbO₃ and Li_xNa_1-xNbO₃ in order to study how structural disorder affects their NMR parameters. The second investigation involves the calculation of the Knight shift in platinum, palladium and rhodium---in their elemental bulk forms and in a set of surface structures. The Knight shift is a systematic shift in the NMR frequencies of metallic systems. It arises from the hyperfine interaction between the nuclear spins and the spins of the unpaired conduction electrons. When calculating the Knight shift, it is found that the Brillouin zone must be very finely sampled. A discussion of core polarisation is also presented. This is the polarisation of core electrons as a result of their interaction with valence electrons. In the case of Curie paramagnets, core polarisation can have a significant effect on the calculation of hyperfine parameters.

To design an efficient solar energy conversion device, theoretical input is extremely important to provide the basic guideline for experimental scientists, to fabricate the most efficient, cheap, and stable device with less efforts. This desire can be made possible if computational scientist use a proper theoretical protocol, design an energy material, then the experimentalist will only invest weeks or months on the synthetic effort. This thesis highlights my recent efforts in this direction. Monoclinic BiVO4 is has been using as a photocatalyst due to its stability, cheap, easily synthesizable, narrow band gap and ideal VB (-6.80 eV vs vacuum) but inappropriate CB (-4.56 eV vs vacuum) edge position, responsible for its low efficiency. We have carried out a comprehensive experimental and periodic density functional theory (DFT) simulations of the pristine, Oxygen defective (Ov), Se doped monoclinic BiVO4 and heterojunction with Selenium (Se-BiVO4), to improve not only its CB edge position but photocatalytic and charge carrier properties. It is found that Ov (1% Oxygen vacancy) and mild doped BiVO4 (1 to 2% Se) are thermodynamically stable, have ideal band edges ~ -4.30 eV), band gaps (~1.96 eV), and small effective masses of electrons and holes. We have also investigated the contribution of Se to higher performance by effecting morphology, light absorption and charge transfer properties in heterojunction. Finally, it is found that Se makes a direct Z-scheme (band alignments) with BiVO4 where the photoexcited electron of BiVO4 recombine with the VB of Se, consequences electron-hole separation at Se and BiVO4, respectively, as a result, enhanced photocurrent is obtained. Theoretical study of β-TaON in the form of primitive unit cell, supercell and its N, Ta, and O terminated surfaces are carried out with the help of periodic DFT. Optical and electronic properties of all these different species are simulated, which predict TaON as the best candidate for photocatalytic water splitting contrast to their Ta2O5 and Ta3N5 counterparts. The calculated bandgap, valence band, and conduction band edge positions predict that β-TaON should be an efficient photoanodic material. The valence band is made up of N 2p orbitals with a minor contribution from O 2p, while the conduction band is made up of Ta 5d. Turning to thin films, the valence band maximum; VBM (−6.4 eV vs. vacuum) and the conduction band minimum; CBM (−3.3 eV vs. vacuum) of (010)-O terminated surface are respectively well below and above the redox potentials of water as required for photocatalysis. Charge carriers have smaller effective masses than in the (001)-N terminated film (VBM −5.8 and CBM −3.7 eV vs. vacuum). However, due to wide band gap (3.0 eV) of (010)-O terminated surface, it cannot absorb visible wavelengths. On the other hand, the (001)-N terminated TaON thin film has a smaller band gap in the visible region (2.1 eV) but the bands are not aligned to the redox potential of water. Possibly a mixed phase material would produce an efficient photoanode for solar water splitting, where one phase performs the oxidation and the other reduction. Computational study of an optically transparent, near-infrared-absorbing low energy gap conjugated polymer, donor−acceptor−donor (D-A-D) with promising attributes for photovoltaic application is reported herein. The D and A moiety on the polymeric backbone have been found to be responsible for tuning the band gap, optical gap, open circuit (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) in the polymers solar cells (PSC). Reduction in the band gap, high charge transformation, and enhanced visible light absorption in the D-A-D system is because of strong overlapping of molecular orbitals of D and A. In addition, the enhanced planarity and weak steric hindrance between adjacent units of D-A-D, resulted in red-shifting of its onset of absorption. Finally, PSC properties of the designed D-A-D was modeled in the bulk heterojunction solar cell, which gives theoretical Voc of about 1.02 eV. DFT study has been carried out to design a new All-Solid-State dye-sensitized solar cell (SDSC), by applying a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer instead of liquid electrolyte. The typical redox mediator (I1−/I3−) is replaced with a narrow band gap, hole transporting material (HTM). A unique “upstairs” like band energy diagram is created by packing N3 between HTM and TiO2. Our theoretical simulations prove that the proposed configuration will be highly efficient as the HOMO level of HTM is 1.19 eV above the HOMO of sanitizer (dye); providing an efficient pathway for charge transfer. High short-circuit current density and power conversion efficiency is promised from the strong overlapping of molecular orbitals of HTM and sensitizer. A low reorganization energy of 0.21 eV and exciton binding energy of 0.55 eV, confirm the high efficiency of HTM. Theoretical and experimental studies of a series of four porphyrin-furan dyads were designed and synthesized, having anchoring groups, either at meso-phenyl or pyrrole-β position of a zinc porphyrin based on donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) approach. The porphyrin macrocycle acts as donor, furan hetero cycle acts as π-spacer and either cyanoacetic acid or malonic acid group acts as acceptor. Optical bandgap, natural bonding, and molecular bonding orbital (HOMO–LUMO) analysis confirm the high efficiency pyrrole-β substituted zinc porphyrins contrast to meso-phenyl dyads. DFT study of polypyrrole-TiO2 composites has been carried out to explore their optical, electronic and charge transfer properties for the development of an efficient photocatalyst. Titanium dioxide (Ti16O32) was interacted with a range of pyrrole (Py) oligomers to predict the optimum composition of nPy-TiO2 composite with suitable band structure for efficient photocatalytic properties. The study has revealed that Py-Ti16O32 composites have narrow band gap and better visible light absorption capability compared to individual constituents. A red-shifting in λmax, narrowing band gap, and strong intermolecular interaction energy (-41 to −72 kcal/mol) of nPy-Ti16O32 composites confirm the existence of strong covalent type interactions. Electron−hole transferring phenomena are simulated with natural bonding orbital analysis where Py oligomers found as donor and Ti16O32 as an acceptor in nPy-Ti16O32 composites. Sensitivity and selectivity of polypyrrole (PPy) towards NH3, CO2 and CO have been studied at DFT. PPy oligomers are used both, in the doped (PPy+) and neutral (PPy) form, for their sensing abilities to realize the best state for gas sensing. Interaction energies and amount of charges (NBO and Mulliken charge analysis) are simulated which reveal the sensing ability of PPy towards these gases. PPy, both in doped and neutral state, is more sensitive to NH3 compared to CO2 and CO. More interestingly, NH3 causes doping of PPy and de-doping of PPy+, providing evidence that PPy/PPy+ is an excellent sensor for NH3 gas. UV-vis and UV-vis-near-IR spectra of nPy, nPy+, and nPy/nPy+-X complexes demonstrate strong interaction of PPy/PPy+ with these atmospheric gases. The applications of graphene (GR) and its derivatives in the field of composite materials for solar energy conversion, energy storage, environment purification and biosensor applications have been reviewed. The vast coverage of advancements in environmental applications of GR-based materials for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, gas sensing and removal of heavy metal ions is presented. Additionally, the presences of graphene composites in the bio-sensing field have been also discussed in this review.

Zirconia (ZrO2) exists in a monoclinic phase at ambient temperature and pressure. Increasing the temperature of zirconia brings about a transition from the monoclinic to a tetragonal phase, and then the formation of a cubic phase. Yttria (Y2O3) can be added to zirconia in order to stabilise the high temperature phases, resulting in forms of tetragonal and cubic zirconia that are stable at ambient temperature. These materials are ceramics and are known collectively as yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ). The primary aim of this thesis is to investigate the structural, electronic, vibrational and mechanical properties of zirconia in its three ambient pressure polymorphs, together with YSZ for a range of yttria concentrations. Firstly, short-range order is investigated by medium energy x-ray photoemission spectroscopy for a YSZ sample with 8-9 mol % Y2O3, in combination with first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations for two YSZ structural models with 10.35 mol % Y2O3 and shows that both structural models have short-range order that agrees with results from XPS experiments. Secondly, long-range order is analysed by comparing results of neutron scattering experiments for crystals of the same yttria concentration, with the same two YSZ models. Comparison with calculated vibrational density of states for the two structural models indicates the occurrence of long-range order for one of the structures in agreement with the experimental result. Thirdly, these calculations are extended to a full study of the electronic partial density of states and vibrational density of states for ZrO2, and for YSZ models with 10.35, 14, 17, 20 and 40 mol % Y2O3. Lastly, mechanical properties are investigated through first-principles calculations of the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for the three ambient-pressure phases of ZrO2 and compared to existing available experimental results. The ideal strength of cubic ZrO2 is calculated for strains in the [100], [110] and [111] directions and for YSZ with concentrations of 6.67 mol % and 14.29 mol % Y2O3 for strains in the [100] and [110] directions. The ideal strength is also calculated for YSZ with concentration of 6.67 mol % Y2O3 co-doped with titanium, manganese, calcium or nickel.

Physics
Ph.D.
Water is of essential importance for life on earth, yet the physics concerning its various anomalous properties has not been fully illuminated. This thesis is dedicated to the understanding of liquid water from aspects of microscopic structures, dynamics, electronic structures, X-ray absorption spectra, and proton transfer mechanism. This thesis use the computational simulation techniques including density functional theory (DFT), ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), and theoretical models for X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) to investigate the dynamics and electronic structures of liquid water system. The topics investigated in this thesis include a comprehensive evaluation on the simulation of liquid water using the newly developed SCAN meta-GGA functional, a systematic modeling of the liquid-water XAS using advanced ab initio approaches, and an explanation for a long-puzzling question that why hydronium diffuses faster than hydroxide in liquid water. Overall, significant contributions have been made to the understanding of liquid water and ionic solutions in the microscopic level through the aid of ab initio computational modeling.
Temple University--Theses

Ce manuscrit de thèse est dédié aux calculs quantiques de paramètres de spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) de métaux de transition dans des composés inorganiques de l’état solide. Le manuscrit est divisé en cinq parties. La première partie présente les atouts de la spectroscopie RMN en tant que technique d’investigation de composés inorganiques de l’état solide. Dès lors que le noyau sondé est un métal de transition, l’expérience doit être complétée par des calculs quantiques afin d’interpréter au mieux les données expérimentales. La seconde partie du manuscrit est dédiée à la description de la RMN et des outils méthodologiques utilisés dans ce travail. Le troisième chapitre est dédié au calcul du déplacement chimique de l’isotope 95 du molybdène dans des clusters halogénés de formule [Mo6X14]2- (X = Cl, Br, I). Une attention particulière est donnée à l’influence des effets de solvatation sur le calcul. Le quatrième chapitre est dédié à l’étude des composés A6Re3Mo3S8(CN)5 (A = K, Cs) dont la structure cristallographique est basée sur un motif octaédrique hétéronucléaire Re3Mo3S8(CN)6. La résolution structurale par diffraction des rayons X sur monocristal n’ayant pas permis de résoudre le problème de la distribution des métaux de transition dans l’octaèdre, une étude spectroscopique in silico sur la base de calculs DFT moléculaires et périodiques a été entreprise. Dans le dernier chapitre, des composés hétéronucléaires de formule [Ln6-6xLn6xO(OH)8(NO3)6(H2O)12]2+ (Ln = Pr-Lu, Y) ont été étudiés du point de vue théorique afin de mieux comprendre les données spectroscopiques collectées
This work is devoted to the calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of transition metal nuclei in inorganic solid-state materials using first-principles calculations. The manuscript is divided in five chapters. The first one shows that NMR is an interesting spectroscopic method to gain some information on the properties of inorganic materials. As far as the probed nucleus is a transition metal, experiments must be completed with quantum chemical calculations in order to better interpret the spectroscopic data. The second chapter is devoted to the quantum chemical tools that are necessary to the understanding of this work are presented. The third chapter deals with the computations of 95Mo NMR parameters of [Mo6X14]2- (X = Cl, Br, I) octahedral clusters. A special attention is paid to the influence of solvation effects on the computed NMR parameters. The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of A6Re3Mo3S8(CN)5 (A = K, Cs) compounds. Their crystal structures are based on a heteronuclear octahedral motif Re3Mo3S8(CN)6. Since X-ray diffraction refinements did not solve the colouring problem in the octahedron, an in silico spectroscopic study has been carried out using molecular and periodic DFT calculations. The last chapter of this report deals with heteronuclear polyoxolanthanides that have been studied using first-principles calculations in order to better understand their 89Y NMR spectra

Metal hydrides are promising candidates for H2 storage, but high stability and poor kinetics are the important challenges which have to be solved for vehicular applications. Most of recent experimental reports for improving thermodynamics of metal hydrides have been focused on lowering reaction enthalpies of a metal hydride by mixing other compounds. However, finding out metal hydride mixtures satisfying favorable thermodynamics among a large number of possible metal hydride mixtures is inefficient and thus a systematic approach is required for an efficient and rigorous solution. Our approaches introduced in this thesis allow a systematic screening of promising metal hydrides or their mixtures from all possible metal hydrides and their mixtures. Our approaches basically suggest two directions for improving metal hydride thermodynamics. First, our calculations for examining the relation between the particle size of simple metal hydrides and thermodynamics of their decomposition reactions provide that the relation would depend on the total surface energy difference between a metal and its hydride form. It ultimately suggests that we will be able to screen metal hydride nanoparticles having favorable thermodynamics from all possible metal hydrides by examining the total surface differences. Second, more importantly, we suggest that our thermodynamic calculations combined with the grand canonical linear programming method and updated database efficiently and rigorously screen potential promising bulk metal hydrides and their mixtures from a large collection of possible combinations. The screened promising metal hydrides and their mixtures can release H2 via single step or multi step. Our additional free energy calculations for a few selected promising single step reactions and their metastable paths show that we can identify the most stable free energy paths for any selected reactant mixtures. In this thesis, we also demonstrate that a total free energy minimization method can predict the possible evolution of impurity other than H2 for several specified mixtures. However, it is not ready to predict reaction thermodynamics from a large number of compounds.

In this thesis, quantum-mechanical calculations within density-functional theory on metallic systems are presented. The overarching goal has been to investigate effects of disorder. In particular, one of the properties investigated is the bindingenergy shifts for core electrons in binary alloys using different theoretical methods. These methods are compared with each other and with experimental results. One such method, the so-called Slater-Janak transition state method relies on the assumption that the single-particle eigenvalues within density-functional theory are linear functions of their respective occupation number. This assumption is investigated and it is found that while the eigenvalues to a first approximation show linear behavior, there are also nonlinearities which can influence the core-level binding energy shifts. Another area of investigation has been iron based alloys at pressures corresponding to those in the Earth’s inner core. This has been done for the hexagonal close packed and face entered cubic structures. The effects of alloying iron with magnesium and nickel on the equation of state as well on the elastic properties have been investigated. The calculations have shown that the hexagonal close packed structure in FeNi is more isotropic than the face-centered cubic structure, and that adding Mg to Fe has a large impact on the elastic properties. Finally, the effects of disorder due to thermal motion of the atoms have been investigated through ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. Within the limits of this method and the setup, it is found that the face-centered cubic structure of molybdenum can be dynamically stabilized at high temperature, leading to a metastable structure, on the average. The dynamical stabilization of face-centered cubic molybdenum also rendered it possible to accurately calculate the lattice stability relative to the body-centered cubic phase. Inclusion of temperature effects for the lattice stability using ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations resolves the disagreement between ab-initio calculations and thermochemical methods.

The overall aim of this thesis is to compare different methods for calculation of Core-Level shifts in metallic alloys. The methods compared are the Initial State model, the Complete screening and the Transition state model. Core-level shifts can give information of chemical bonding and about the electronic structure in solids.

The basic theory used is the so-called Density-Functional-Theory, in conjunction with the Local-Density Approximation and the Coherent-Potential- Approximation. The metallic alloys used are Silver-Palladium, Copper-Palladium, Copper-Gold and Copper-Platinum, all inface-centered-cubic configuration.

The complete screening- and the transition-state model are found to be in better agreement with experimental results than those calculated with the initial state model. This is mainly due to the fact that the two former models includes final-state effects, whereas the last one do not. The screening parameters within the Coherent-Potential approximation are also investigated. It is found that the Screened-Impurity Model can extend the validity of the Coherent-Potential-Approximation and increase it's accuracy.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A utilização das fases intermetálicas ordenadas como eletrocatalisadores em células a combustível já pode ser considerada como uma solução iminente para os problemas que envolvem a eficiência e as questões econoômicas. Para assegurar que as propriedades geométricas e eletrônicas destes materiais sejam realmente as almejadas para atender a todas as exigências na eletrocatálise das reações de oxidação das moléculas é necessário um estudo aprofundado de caracterização das fases intermetálicas, comumente realizado por criteriosas técnicas experimentais. Entretanto, experimentalmente, a caracterização destes materiais não fornece informações precisas que permitam correlacionar as propriedades dos materiais com o seu desempenho frente a uma dada reação eletrostática. Desta forma, uma estratégia metodológica para se obter um conhecimento mais adequado no estudo das fases intermetálicas é a utilização de métodos computacionais, baseados na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT). A metodologia empregada neste trabalho aborda uma sistemática para a otimização das propriedades geométricas através da minimização da energia total do sistema, bem como uma avaliação da estrutura eletrônica para estes materiais por meio de projeções sobre os orbitais atômicos na densidade de estados e de mapas de densidade de carga. O processo de otimização é feito por cálculos de campo auto-consistente sucessivos que variam o parâmetro de rede até encontrar uma estrutura que possua energia mínima, este processo pode ser realizado de duas formas, manual e automaticamente pelo código computacional, os resultados obtidos mostram que ambas as formas possuem a mesma precisão, levando a valores quase idênticos e que permitem reproduzir bem os cristais para os materiais estudados. A análise comparativa entre os dados cristalográficos da literatura e os resultados...
The use of ordered intermetallic phases as electrocatalysts in fuel cells can now be regarded as an imminent solution for the problems concerning the efficiency of the device and for economic issue. To ensure that the geometric and electronic properties of these materials are actually suitable for the requirements in the electrocatalysis of melecules oxidation reactions need a meticulous characterization of the intermetallic phases, in general done by standard experimental techniques. However, the characterization of these materials performed solely experimentally does not provide accurate information to enable correlation of the properties of the materials with their performance against a given electrocatalytic reaction. Thus, a methodological strategy for obtaining a better knowledge in the study of ordered intermetallic phases is the use of computational methods, based on the Density Functional Theory. The methodology used in in thius research presents a sytematic optimization of the geometric properties by minimizing the total energy of the system and an evaluation of the electronic structure for these materials by means of the density of states projected onto atomic orbital and charge density maps. The optimization process is done by successively self-consistent field calculations that very the lattice parameter to find a structure that has a minimum energy, this process can be accomplished in two ways, manually and automatically by the computer code, the results show that both forms have the same precision, leading to almost identical identical values and allow to reproduce well the crystals of the studied materials. A comparative analysis of the crystallographic data from the literature and the results presented here show very small errors (in the order of 2-3% for most of the materials), which can be attributed exclusively to the various mathematical approaches applied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This dissertation research is focused on first principles studies of graphene and single organic molecules for nanoelectronics applications. These nanosized objects attracted considerable interest from the scientific community due to their promise to serve as building blocks of nanoelectronic devices with low power consumption, high stability, rich functionality, scalability, and unique potentials for device integration. Both graphene electronics and molecular electronics pursue the same goal by using two different approaches: top-down approach for graphene devices scaling to smaller and smaller dimensions, and bottom-up approach for single molecule devices. One of the goals of this PhD research is to apply first-principles density functional theory (DFT) to study graphene/metal and molecule/metal contacts at atomic level. In addition, the DFT-based approach allowed us to predict the electronic characteristics of single molecular devices. The ideal and defective graphene/metal interfaces in weak and strong coupling regimes were systematically studied to aid experimentalists in understanding graphene growth. In addition, a theory of resonant charge transport in molecular tunnel junctions has been developed. The first part of this dissertation is devoted to the study of atomic, electronic, electric, and thermal properties of molecular tunnel junctions. After describing the model and justifying the approximations that have been made, the theory of resonant charge transport is introduced to explain the nature of current rectification within a chemically asymmetric molecule. The interaction of the tunneling charges (electrons and holes) with the electron density of the metal electrodes, which in classical physics is described using the notion of an image potential, are taken into account at the quantum-mechanical level within the tight binding formalism. The amount of energy released onto a molecule by tunneling electrons and holes in the form of thermal vibration excitations is related to the reorganization energy of the molecule, which is also responsible for an effective broadening of molecular levels. It was also predicted that due to the asymmetry of electron and hole resonant energy levels with respect to the Fermi energy of the electrodes, the Joule heating released from the metallic electrodes is also non-symmetric and can be used for the experimental determination of the type of charge carriers contributing to the molecular conductance. In the second part of the dissertation research ideal and defective graphene/metal interfaces are studied in weak and strong interface coupling regimes. The theoretical predictions suggest that the interface coupling may be controlled by depositing an extra metallic layer on top of the graphene. DFT calculations were performed to evaluate the stability of a surface nickel carbide, and to study graphene/carbide phase coexistence at initial stages of graphene growth on Ni(111) substrate at low growth temperatures. Point defects in graphene were also investigated by DFT, which showed that the defect formation energy is reduced due to interfacial interactions with the substrate, the effect being more pronounced in chemisorbed graphene on Ni(111) substrate than in physisorbed graphene on Cu(111) substrate. Our findings are correlated with recent experiments that demonstrated the local etching of transfered graphene by metal substrate imperfections. Both graphene and molecular electronics components of the PhD dissertation research were conducted in close collaboration with several experimental groups at the University of South Florida, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Chicago, and Arizona State University.

This Ph.D. thesis reports a theoretical study of electronic and structural properties of several materials relevant for electronic and optical applications. In the last few years, in fact, the renaissance of many physical effects has evolved rapidly, firstly due to new nano-fabrication techniques that allow us to implement advanced materials in numerous innovative structures and devices. The first part of this thesis is related to a new class of multi-functional magnet materials called multiferroics, where magnetism and ferroelectricity are strongly coupled together. Because of that, these materials can be considered as suitable candidates for several technological applications, such as storage devices. Among the class AnBnO3n+2 of layered-perovskite oxides, I have considered the Lanthanum titanate, La2Ti2O7 (LTO), and in order to achieve multiferroicity in this topological ferroelectric I have suggested an isovalent substitution of the Ti cation, non magnetic, by a magnetic one, Mn, obtaining the compound La2Mn2O7 (LMO). Operationally, I have optimized the structures involved in the paraelectric (PE) ferroelectric (FE) transition. Then, I have determined that LMO is a multiferroic materials since ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic order coexist in the same phase. Finally, I have demonstrated that LMO is also a magnetoelectric materials showing a non-zero lattice-mediated magnetoelectric tensor, α. Moreover, magnetic noncollinear spin-orbit calculations reveal that spins point along the c direction but manifests a spin canting in the bc plane generating a weak ferromagnetism interpretable by Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction. The second part of this thesis is based on the investigation about Gallium oxide, Ga2O3, Indium oxide, In2O3, and their solid solutions. This study is motivated by the recently attracting interest on novel materials systems for high-power transport devices as well as for optical ultraviolet absorbers and emitters. Resorting to an appropriated optimization of physical properties and nanostructuration of Gallium- and Indium-based semiconductor layers of chosen composition, it is possible to tune their key properties (such as band gaps, interface band off-sets, vibrational absorptions, as well as, potentially, the magnetic behavior) leading overall to novel multi-functional nanomaterials, nanostructures and devices. This may enable the design of devices based on interfaces Ga2O3/(Ga1−xInx)2O3 or In2O3/(Ga1−xInx)2O3 such as high-power field effect transistors and far-UV photodetectors or emitters. Operationally, I have studied the electronic and local structural properties of pure Ga2O3 and In2O3. Then, starting from the monoclinic (β) structure of Ga2O3, I have explored alloyed oxides, (Ga1−xInx)2O3, for different In concentrations (x). The structural energetics of In in (Ga1−xInx)2O3 causes most sites to be essentially inaccessible to In substitution, thus limiting the maximum In content to somewhere between 12 and 25% in this phase. In this framework, the gap, the volume and the band offset to the parent compound exhibit also anomalies as function of In concentration. Furthermore, I have explored alloyed oxides based on the bixbyite equilibrium structure of In2O3 in all the In concentration range. The main result is that the alloy shows a phaseseparation in a large composition range, exhibiting a huge and temperature-independent miscibility gap. In addition, in accord with experimental results, intermediate alloying shows an additional crystallographic phase, in competition with the bulk Ga2O3 and In2O3 phases. Finally, I have investigated the orthorhombic (ε) phase of Ga2O3, that results to be the second most stable structure beside β-Ga2O3. Moreover, ε-Ga2O3 exhibits a large spontaneous polarization and a sizable diagonal piezoelectric coefficient, comparable with typical polar semiconductors.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Dias Angelo
Banca: Hamilton Brandão Varela de Albuquerque
Banca: Nelson Henrique Morgon
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp
Resumo: A utilização das fases intermetálicas ordenadas como eletrocatalisadores em células a combustível já pode ser considerada como uma solução iminente para os problemas que envolvem a eficiência e as questões econoômicas. Para assegurar que as propriedades geométricas e eletrônicas destes materiais sejam realmente as almejadas para atender a todas as exigências na eletrocatálise das reações de oxidação das moléculas é necessário um estudo aprofundado de caracterização das fases intermetálicas, comumente realizado por criteriosas técnicas experimentais. Entretanto, experimentalmente, a caracterização destes materiais não fornece informações precisas que permitam correlacionar as propriedades dos materiais com o seu desempenho frente a uma dada reação eletrostática. Desta forma, uma estratégia metodológica para se obter um conhecimento mais adequado no estudo das fases intermetálicas é a utilização de métodos computacionais, baseados na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT). A metodologia empregada neste trabalho aborda uma sistemática para a otimização das propriedades geométricas através da minimização da energia total do sistema, bem como uma avaliação da estrutura eletrônica para estes materiais por meio de projeções sobre os orbitais atômicos na densidade de estados e de mapas de densidade de carga. O processo de otimização é feito por cálculos de campo auto-consistente sucessivos que variam o parâmetro de rede até encontrar uma estrutura que possua energia mínima, este processo pode ser realizado de duas formas, manual e automaticamente pelo código computacional, os resultados obtidos mostram que ambas as formas possuem a mesma precisão, levando a valores quase idênticos e que permitem reproduzir bem os cristais para os materiais estudados. A análise comparativa entre os dados cristalográficos da literatura e os resultados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The use of ordered intermetallic phases as electrocatalysts in fuel cells can now be regarded as an imminent solution for the problems concerning the efficiency of the device and for economic issue. To ensure that the geometric and electronic properties of these materials are actually suitable for the requirements in the electrocatalysis of melecules oxidation reactions need a meticulous characterization of the intermetallic phases, in general done by standard experimental techniques. However, the characterization of these materials performed solely experimentally does not provide accurate information to enable correlation of the properties of the materials with their performance against a given electrocatalytic reaction. Thus, a methodological strategy for obtaining a better knowledge in the study of ordered intermetallic phases is the use of computational methods, based on the Density Functional Theory. The methodology used in in thius research presents a sytematic optimization of the geometric properties by minimizing the total energy of the system and an evaluation of the electronic structure for these materials by means of the density of states projected onto atomic orbital and charge density maps. The optimization process is done by successively self-consistent field calculations that very the lattice parameter to find a structure that has a minimum energy, this process can be accomplished in two ways, manually and automatically by the computer code, the results show that both forms have the same precision, leading to almost identical identical values and allow to reproduce well the crystals of the studied materials. A comparative analysis of the crystallographic data from the literature and the results presented here show very small errors (in the order of 2-3% for most of the materials), which can be attributed exclusively to the various mathematical approaches applied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

In the first part of this work, the influence of hydrogen on the structural and magnetic properties of Fe/V(001) superlattices was studied. The local structure of the vanadium-hydride layers was determined by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. The magnetic ordering in a weakly coupled Fe/V(001) superlattice was investigated using the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). The interlayer exchange coupling is weakened upon alloying with hydrogen and a phase with short-range magnetic order was observed.

The second part is concerned with first-principles calculations of magnetic materials, with a focus on magnetic recording applications. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of Fe, Co, and Ni was calculated for tetragonal and trigonal structures. Based on an analysis of the electronic states of tetragonal Fe and Co at the center of the Brillouin zone, tetragonal Fe-Co alloys were proposed as a material that combines a large uniaxial MAE with a large saturation magnetization. This was confirmed by experimental studies on (Fe,Co)/Pt superlattices. The large uniaxial MAE of L1₀ FePt is caused by the large spin-orbit interaction on the Pt sites in connection with a strong hybridization between Fe and Pt. Furthermore, it was shown that the uniaxial MAE can be increased by alloying the Fe sublattice with Mn. The combination of the high-moment rare-earth (RE) metals with the high-T_C 3d transition metals in RE/Cr/Fe multilayers (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy) gives rise to a strong ferromagnetic effective exchange interaction between the Fe layers and the RE layer. The MAE of hcp Gd was found to have two principal contributions, namely the dipole interaction of the large localized 4f spins and the band electron magnetic anisotropy due to the spin-orbit interaction. The peculiar temperature dependence of the easy axis of magnetization was reproduced on a qualitative level.

The first-principles methods such as density functional theory (DFT) often produce quantitative predictions for physics and chemistry of materials with explicit descriptions of electron’s behavior. We were able to provide information of electronic structures with chemical doping and metal-insulator transition of rare-earth nickelates that cannot be easily accessible with experimental characterizations. Moreover, combining with mean-field microkinetic modeling, we utilized the DFT energetics to model water gas shift reactions catalyzed by Fe3O4at steady-state and determined favorable reaction mechanism. However, the high computational costs of DFT calculations make it impossible to investigate complex chemical processes with hundreds of elementary steps with more than thousands of atoms for realistic systems. The study of molecular high energy (HE) materials using the reactive force field (ReaxFF) has contributed to understand chemically induced detonation process with nanoscale defects as well as defect-free systems. However, the reduced accuracy of the force fields canalso lead to a different conclusion compared to DFT calculations and experimental results. Machine learning force field is a promising alternative to work with comparable simulation size and speed of ReaxFF while maintaining accuracy of DFT. In this respect, we developed a neural network reactive force field (NNRF) that was iteratively parameterized with DFT calculations to solve problems of ReaxFF. We built an efficient and accurate NNRF for complex decomposition reaction of HE materials such as high energy nitramine 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)and predicted consistent results for experimental findings. This work aims to demonstrate the approaches to clarify the reaction details of materials using the first-principles methods and machine learning force fields to guide quantitative predictions of complex chemical process.

Thermoelectric materials can convert waste heat into electric power and thus provide a way to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Our aim is to model the underlying materials properties and, in particular, the transport as controlled by electrons and lattice vibrations. The goal is to develop an understanding of the thermoelectric properties of selected materials at a fundamental level. The structural, electronic, optical, and phononic properties are studied in order to tune the transport, focusing on KxRhO2, NaxRhO2, PtSb2 and Bi2Se3. The investigations are based on density functional theory as implemented in the all electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals WIEN2k and pseudo potential Quantum-ESPRESSO codes. The thermoelectric properties are derived from Boltzmann transport theory under the constant relaxation time approximation, using the BoltzTraP code. We will discuss first the changes in the electronic band structure under variation of the cation concentration in layered KxRhO2 in the 2H phase and NaxRhO2 in the 3R phase. We will also study the hydrated phase. The deformations of the RhO6 octahedra turn out to govern the thermoelectric properties, where the high Seebeck coefficient results from ”pudding mold" bands. We investigate the thermoelectric properties of electron and hole doped PtSb2, which is not a layered material but shares “pudding mold" bands. PtSb2 has a high Seebeck coefficient at room temperature, which increases significantly under As alloying by bandgap opening and reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity. Bi2Se3 (bulk and thin film) has a larger bandgap then the well-known thermoelectric material Bi2Te3, which is important at high temperature. The structural stability, electronic structure, and transport properties of one to six quintuple layers of Bi2Se3 will be discussed. We also address the effect of strain on a single quintuple layer by phonon band structures. We will analyze the electronic and transport properties of Tl-doped Bi2Se3 under strain, focusing on the giant Rashba spin splitting (Tl doping breaks the inversion symmetry in Bi2Se3) and its dependence on biaxial tensile and compressive strain.

The purpose of the research contained in this thesis is to allow for the prediction of new structures and properties of crystalline structures due to the application of external pressure by using first-principles numerical computations. The body of the thesis is separated into two primary research projects. The properties of cupric oxide (CuO) have been studied at pressures below 70 GPa, and it has been suggested that it may show room-temperature multiferroics at pressure of 20 to 40 GPa. However, at pressures above these ranges, the properties of CuO have yet to be examined thoroughly. The changes in crystal structure of CuO were examined in these high-pressure ranges. It was predicted that the ambient pressure monoclinic structure changes to a rocksalt structure and CsCl structure at high pressure. Changes in the magnetic ordering were also suggested to occur due to superexchange interactions and Jahn-Teller instabilities arising from the d-orbital electrons. Barium chloride (BaCl) has also been observed, which undergoes a similar structural change due to an s – d transition, and whose structural changes can offer further insight into the transitions observed in CuO. Ammonia borane (NH3BH3) is known to have a crystal structure which contains the molecules in staggered conformation at low pressure. The crystalline structure of NH3BH3 was examined at high pressure, which revealed that the staggered configuration transforms to an eclipsed conformation stabilized by homopolar B–Hδ-∙∙∙ δ-H–B dihydrogen bonds. These bonds are shown to be covalent in nature, comparable in bond strength to conventional hydrogen bonds, and may allow for easier molecular hydrogen formation in hydrogen fuel storage.

Conventional cobalt base superalloys relied on solid-solution and carbide precipitate based strengthening. They lacked high temperature (more than 800 ˚C) creep strength as compared to Ni-base superalloys which are strengthened by γ′ precipitates having L12 crystal structure coherent with the γ matrix. The blades of land-based gas turbines for electricity generation, need to possess hot corrosion resistance from Sulphur in the gasified coal used as fuel. This motivates the present work, which is to investigate Co–Ti–V alloys to develop Co-base superalloys possessing (γ + γ′) two-phase microstructure similar to Ni-base superalloys. Co–Ti system has thermodynamically stable γ′ phase but the lattice misfit of γ–γ′ phases is unacceptably high. Vanadium being smaller in atomic size as compared to titanium can be added to minimize the misfit. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of vanadium addition to cobalt-titanium system on the physical and mechanical properties. The Co–Ti–V alloys were vacuum arc melted and cast into rod form, followed by heat treatments and microstructural characterization. Mechanical testing was carried out to evaluate the strength from room temperature to high temperature. First principles density functional theory calculations, finite element modelling, and discrete dislocation dynamics were performed to analyze the effects of various parameters on physical and mechanical properties. The addition of V to Co–Ti system decreases the γ′ solvus but increases the solidus and liquidus temperatures. Thus, it improves the homogenisation temperature window. The γ′ precipitate morphology changes from cuboidal to cuboidal with round corners with an increase in V concentration. The composition of γ′ phase suggests Ti as better γ′ phase former than V. The extent of discontinuous precipitation at the grain boundaries in Co–Ti system decreases with V addition. The constrained lattice parameter misfit of γ–γ′ phases decreases with V addition. The γ′ phase is off-stoichiometric with Co antisite defects in 20% of Ti sublattice in Co3(Ti, V). Co–Ti–V ternary alloys possess improved strength over Co–Ti binary alloy. The strength at room temperature initially decreases with V addition followed by an increase at higher concentration of V. The alloys show yield stress anomaly; increase of strength with increase in temperature with the maximum strength observed at 750 ˚C. The peak high temperature strength at 750 ˚C decreases with V addition to Co–Ti system. Dislocations are predicted to shear the γ′ precipitates due to very narrow γ matrix channels. The γ′ precipitates are predicted to be semi-coherent in the Co–Ti alloy due to high lattice misfit. The anti-phase boundary (APB) energy and complex stacking fault (CSF) energy on {111} plane are predicted to increase with V addition to Co3Ti. Whereas the stacking fault energy in both phases is predicted to decrease with V addition. The yield stress anomaly is possibly due to anisotropy in anti-phase boundary (APB) energy on {111} and {100} planes as well as elastic constants anisotropy. The creep strength of Co–Ti–V alloys at 700 ˚C is found to be better than γʹ phase strengthened Co–Ti alloy and conventional solid-solution strengthened Co-base superalloys. Grain boundary cracking is observed as the creep damage mechanism. The creep strength decreases for high V addition probably due to deviation of γ′ precipitate morphology from perfect cuboidal and decrease of extent of grain boundary precipitates.