Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Densité d’énergie de déformation'
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Costecalde, Léna. "Data-Driven Model Identification for hyperelasticity : mapping the strain energy throughout multiaxial experiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0047.
Full textModeling the mechanical response of materials involves the derivation of a relationship (a model) between stresses andstrains, depending on parameters. These parameters are identified from experimental data obtained from mechanical tests. On the one hand, identification based on simple tests (uniaxial tension, for example) provides no information on the response of materials subjected to complex loading conditions. On the other hand, identification based on multiaxial tests is more costly numerically and requires the model to be chosen at the outset of the procedure. Recently, the possibility of representing themechanical behaviour of materials by a database rather than via a behaviour law has emerged through "Data-Driven Computational Mechanics". On this basis, the Data-Driven Identification (DDI) algorithm developed by Leygue et al. (Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 331, 184-196 (2018)) can be used to estimate the stress fieldduring a multiaxial test. The present thesis explores the complete kinematic and mechanical response of elastomer membranes subjected to multiaxial large strain, using an original experimental set-up involving a hexapod. The DDI method is then used to determine the stress response of the material during these multiaxial tests. Two developments are finally presented: an identification method combining DDI (model-free) and standard constitutive models, and a proposal forimproving sample geometries for multiaxial tests
Arico, Cassandra. "Micro-supercondensateurs à porosité contrôlée pour des applications à forte densité d’énergie sur substrats rigide et flexible." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I055.
Full textContinuous development and further miniaturization of electronic devices greatly stimulate the research for miniaturized and compact electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, allowing thus the development of autonomous, sustainable and connected devices. Small footprint storage sources should be sufficient efficient in terms of power, autonomy and lifespan and fixed directly on chip. To fulfil the requirements, the combination of a micro-battery (μ-Bat) with a micro- supercapacitor (μ-SC) would constitute an ideal EES microdevice where μ-Bat is dedicated to long-term applications and μ-SC ensures power demand. As promising electrode candidate for high power microdevice, carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) have been identified to load to important capacitance gains. In addition, niobium oxide (Nb2O5) stores higher levels of charges and offers the prospect of achieving energy densities of Li-ion battery materials but with the ability to operate at high power. In the present study, Nb2O5 thin films were deposited on silicon wafer by sputtering and crystallized by a rapid thermal annealing into an orthorhombic phase T-Nb2O5. We investigated porous T-Nb2O5 in which rapid insertion of lithium throughout the entire material. Then, titanium carbide (TiC) thin films were deposited on silicon wafer by sputtering and partial chlorinated into strongly adherent TiC-CDC films. Hybrid micro-supercapacitors CDC/Nb2O5 were successfully prepared and characterized in 1M LiClO4 (EC/DMC : 1/1). Finally, direct laser writing onto KaptonTM of Nb2O5 and carbon-based electrodes open the way for the design of flexible micro-supercapacitors
Anoufa, Mickaël. "Nanocomposites et effet de dimensionnalité pour le stockage de l'énergie." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832356.
Full textMétivier, Laurent. "Influence des variations latérales de densité et de paramètres rhéologiques sur la déformation de la terre." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077237.
Full textNowadays with the development of space gravimetry (GRACE and GOCE satellites), new elasto-gravity deformation models become essential. Earth is continuously deformed by the Sun and the Moon attraction (luni-solar tides), and under the action of surface loading due to external fluid layers (atmosphere, ocean and continental water). Presently these elastic deformations are modelized assuming that the Earth is a spherical solid (or ellipsoïdal) with a radially symmetrical hydrostatic structure. However, the internal dynamic of the planet induces lateral variations of density and rheological parameters that are neglected into these models. We built an Earth deformation model which, for the first time, takes into account the internal lateral variations of the planet physical parameters, its no-hydrostatic prestresses, and the dynamical topographies of its discontinuity interfaces. These particularities are integrated into the elasto-gravitational equations using the perturbation theory. The equation System is solved with a numerical method: the spectral element method associated to the "cubed sphere" mesh. The model has been validated on known geophysical problems with a good accuracy. With this aim, we recovered the Love analytical work concerning a homogeneous incompressible Earth. We then made first applications. We appraised the impact of Earth ellipticity on solid tides and on the Earth response to surface loadings. We took the example of the influence of atmospheric pressure on zonal gravity variations (J2 and J3 coefficients). Finally, we discuss the ability of the model to determine the influence of mantellic superplumes on the tidal response and the loading response of the Earth
Mrabet, Kaïs. "Comportement mécanique en grandes déformations du polyéthylène haute densité : approche thermodynamique de l'état relaxé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL036N.
Full textThe semicrystalline polymers are the subject of many scientific researchs aiming to understanding their microscopic mechanisms of deformation. Nevertheless, the modelling which we currently find in the literature do not approach the mechanical tests with unloading or the cyclic tests at large strains. Among the reasons of these insufficiencies appears themultiplicity of the internal reorganization processes which is seldom described finely in the physical modelling. Moreover, a main aspect of the semicrystalline polymer behaviour is often ignored, it acts of the relaxed state. Within the framework of formalism Distribution of Non Linear Relaxation (D. N. L. R. ), we are interested more closely in these two aspects of the mechanical behaviour: multiplicity of the mechanisms, relaxed state. To clarify these two concepts, the objective was to characterize the relaxed state at large strains and to propose a physical modelling based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and on the microscopic aspects of the deformation. The distribution of the weights of the various modes has been described following observations given by a clip tests. The material used is the High Density Polyethylene HOPE. The tests were carried out with VideoTraction technology. The relaxed state modulus measured during tension loading is definitely more important than that of the unloading, which translates a damage phenomenon. The irreversibility of the relaxed state imposes that the modelling must use a functional formulation which integrates the memory effect and damage. In addition, the dip test has shawn the presence of mechanical cross over. A bibliographical study showed that this phenomenon is closely related to the processes multiplicity. Thus, we have shawn that the modal partition adopted in practice has to be re-examined. We have shawn that the modelling set up is able to reproduce complex loadings, in particular the cyclic tests with relaxation, and to predict behavior very depending on the. Loading history and the irreversible relaxed state
Guelzim, Abdelhalim. "Densité de déformation expérimentale et théorique dans des complexes organométalliques de formule générale Co2(Co)6 C2R2." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10039.
Full textHabbou, Abderrahim. "Densité électronique de déformation par la méthode X-X et structures cristallines de métalloporphyrines des groupes 13 et 14." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10246.
Full textDesrues, Antoine. "Matériaux composites Si@C nanostructurés pour anodes de batterie Li-ion à haute densité d’énergie. Relations entre structure/morphologie et mécanismes de dégradation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS279.
Full textPerforming energy storage devices need to be developed in the context of Energy transition. Such systems have to maintain high energy density during a large number of cycles, to meet the challenge of clean transportation. Silicon (Si) is a good candidate for Li-ion systems anodes’ with its capacity which is 10 times higher than commercial graphite. However, silicon degradation mechanisms impede wide commercial deployment. The objective of this work is to optimize characteristics of Si to obtain performing anodes. Two strategies are employed to achieve this goal: the size reduction of Si particles and the deposition of a carbon coating on the silicon surface. The synthesis technique in this work is double stage laser pyrolysis which allows the tunable synthesis of nanoparticles. A wide range of nanoparticles, with diameters from 29 nm to 107 nm, is obtained and the best trade-off on performance is obtained for 53 nm particles. Nanoparticles with core@shell morphology (Si@C), with 29 nm diameter are obtained in one-step, the carbon representing 19 % of the total mass. The carbon coating allows a better capacity retention as 81 % of the capacity is conserved for Si@C compared to 72 % of the capacity conserved for Si particles. A fundamental study by EIS and XPS enlightens the role of the more organic chemical composition of the interphase between the solid and the electrolyte for the stabilization of the Si@C particles. Another strategy for stabilization is the design of SiGe nanostructured alloys to take advantage of the germanium stability in anodes. Several alloy compositions have been synthetized by laser pyrolysis. All alloy composition exhibit an original SiGe@Si core-shell structure which may explain the better performance obtained, compared with the state of the art
Freire, Mélanie. "Élaborations et caractérisations physico-chimiques et électrochimiques de matériaux d’électrodes dans le système Li-Mn-O pour batteries Li ion à haute densité d’énergie." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2033.
Full textThe work realized during this PhD project is involved in the context of research of new materials as positive electrode for Li ion batteries, more precisely in the Li-Mn-O system based on the study of the nanostructured Li4Mn2O5 material. We focused on the optimization of the synthesis, on the chemical, physical, structural and electrochemical characterizations of this new material obtained at the nano scale. This material crystallizes in a disordered rock salt type structure with oxygen vacancies. The first charge capacity is larger than three lithium ions extracted (380 mAh/g), and with a reversible capacity of 2. 7 lithium ions, that to say 330 mAh/g are observed after few cycles. A study is based on the determination of the effective magnetic moment of the manganese from the magnetic susceptibility curves on materials at various charged and discharged states allow us to point out the activity of the following redox couples : Mn3+/Mn4+/Mn5+ et O2-/O22- during the electrochemical processes. Furthermore we indicate the possibility to insert oxygen in the matrix without structural change, and we compare it with the nanostructured material Li2MnO3 characterized by an ordered rock salt type structure. With reversible capacities higher than 290 mAh/g, the latter has proved to be attractive
Maurel, Pierre. "Déformation plastique sévère des surfaces d’alliages à faible densité par grenaillage ultrasonique : gradients de microstructures, comportements en fatigue et en tribologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0182.
Full textThe impact of ultrasonic shot peening on titanium and aluminium alloys is studied at room temperature and at cryogenic temperature. This process may also be called surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Fatigue strength and tribological behaviour are investigated in order to better understand the pros and cons of this process. Two titanium alloys were chosen: pure titanium in its fully α form and β-metastable titanium in its fully β form. This choice makes it possible to correlate the influence of the initial microstructure on the treatment of severe plastic deformation and on the final properties. The β-metastable titanium is sensitive to strain-induced martensitic transformation, which allows exploring the possibility of introducing martensite to the shot-peened surface to delay, for example, short crack propagation in fatigue testing. Shot peening at cryogenic temperature in this case improves the initiation of the martensitic transformation. In addition to facilitating martensitic transformation, cryogenic temperature shot peening increases the yield strength of alloys during processing, which has the effect of reducing the flow of material at the shot-peened surface. Thereby, it improves surface integrity and changes tribological and fatigue properties. Two precipitation hardenable aluminum alloys were also studied: 2024 and 7075. The purpose of this aluminium study is to compare the impact of ultrasonic shot blasting when used before or after precipitation aging. As the dislocations produced during ultrasonic shot-peening serve as preferential nucleation sites, the objective is to explore the possibility of improving (e.g. in terms of hardness) the precipitation aging by refining the size of the precipitates and increasing their density. The use of two series of aluminium should make it possible to compare the effect of the treatment on the two different alloying compositions. In addition, these two alloys show significant differences in terms of defect sensitivity, permitting to study the impact of surface integrity after ultrasonic shot-peening on mechanical properties. The study of tribological and fatigue behaviour allows to conclude about the effectiveness of these treatments under common conditions of use
Difi, Siham. "Phosphates de type NASICON comme matériaux d'électrode pour batteries sodium-ion à haute densité d'énergie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT212/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of phosphate based composites with NASICON type structure, that are used as electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries: Na1+xFexTi2-x (PO4)3/C et Na1+xFexSn2-x(PO4)3/C with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. These composites were synthesized by solid state route followed by a pyrolysis reaction with sucrose. They consist of particles having high porosity and coated with carbon giving to the electrode good ionic and electronic conductivity. The reaction mechanisms occurring during charge-discharge cycles were analyzed in operando mode, by X-ray diffraction, 57Fe and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopies and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For the iron-titanium composites, the mechanisms are essentially based on the diffusion of Na+ in the channels of the crystalline phases with changes of transition metal oxidation state. For iron-tin composites, the mechanisms are more complex including insertion, conversion leading to the destruction of the NASICON phases and then reversible formation of NaxSn alloys. The best electrochemical performances were obtained for Na1,5Fe0,5Ti1,5(PO4)3/C with an operating potential of 2.2 V vs. Na+/Na0. Although these two types of materials can be used at lower potential, the performances must be improved to consider their application as the negative electrode
Christiaen, Benjamin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation d’alliage de zirconium sous irradiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R008/document.
Full textZirconium alloys are used to manufacture fuel cladding as well as fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. Under irradiation, they show a dimensional change commonly called growth. Experimental observations have shown that above a threshold dose, these alloys are subject to accelerated growth called "breakaway". It has been well established that the irradiation formation of and dislocation loops is directly responsible for the growth of irradiated zirconium alloys and that the appearance of loops is correlated with this growth acceleration. However, the nucleation mechanisms of the loops that seem to be influenced by the presence of alloying elements are still poorly understood. In order to improve our understanding, a multi-scale modelling approach has been used to simulate the evolution of zirconium microstructure under irradiation. Atomic-scale calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are used to determine the properties of clusters of point defects (dislocation loops, cavities, pyramids of stacking faults). The results obtained are then used as input parameters of an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code which allows us to simulate the microstructure evolution of the material under irradiation. Our results show that it is necessary to consider an anisotropic migration of the vacancies to predict the growth acceleration
Bouhmaida, Nouzha. "Modélisation du potentiel électrostatique calcule a partir de la densité électronique de déformation X-X dans les cristaux moléculaires : application aux composés peptidiques." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10288.
Full textKonevtsova, Olga. "Théorie de Landau de cristallisation et l'approche d'ondes de densité dans les systèmes complexes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023771.
Full textMakki, Lamis. "Comportement de retrait-gonflement des sols en période de sécheresse." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066657.
Full textWang, Jiangfeng. "Vibrations optiques dans les nanofils polaires de Nitrure de Gallium : une étude des effets de la dimension, du rapport d'aspect et de la densité." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2587/.
Full textThis thesis presents mainly a detailed investigation of the optical properties of GaN nanowires (NWs) ensemble and single GaN NW in particular by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman scattering in GaN/AlN superlattice has also investigated. NWs are often considered as potential building blocks for future nanometer scaled devices. This is based on several attractive features that are generally ascribed to NWs. For instance, they are expected to grow strain free and defects even on substrates with a large structural mismatch. This can be examined in different NWs samples by the Raman frequency and line width of non-polar E2h phonon. In the first part of the thesis, the characterization of morphologies, structure, dimensions and orientation have been investigated in the GaN NWs grown on Si substrates by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) without any catalyst. These results indicate good crystallization quality of MBE and several inhomogeneity of NWs. The major part of this thesis discusses the vibrational properties of GaN NWs. The investigation of Raman scattering of NWs ensemble and single NW reveal the significant phonon behavior as a function of their large surface-to-volume ratio. First, certain optical features are only found in the Raman spectra of GaN NWs but not in that of bulk GaN. An unexpected emergence of a two peaks band located near 700 cm-1 has been found in the undoped NWs but not in Si-doped NWs. This is attributed to the Raman scattering by surface related modes and has been confirmed by their high sensitivity to the dielectric constant of the NWs surrounding medium. We used an effective dielectric continuum model to interpret and detailed analyze these observations. Second, the optical characteristics of individual NW are also investigated in this context. The dependence of Raman intensity on the size of NWs and polarization of light excitation has been studied. The observed enhancement of A1(TO) mode and a shoulder in high frequency side are strongly related to excitation wavelength and the aspect ratio of single NW. The frequencies and distribution of light electric field inside NW of these modes have been analyzed by a DDA-based calculation model. The Raman scattering of core-shell structural NWs and GaN/AlN superlattice are also discussed. By using UV resonant excitation, double strain states induced by AlN shell have been found in GaN/AlN core-shell structural NWs and the interface mode has been observed in addition to the Quasi-Longitudinal Optical mode in the GaN/AlN superlattice. Finally,the analysis of stress distribution on crack free thick GaN layers has been performed by Raman measurement. We have investigated the influence of different sizes and trench height of GaN mesa on the strain distribution. This strain/stress field was modeled within the framework of linear elasticity theory using finite element method (FEM)
Guillotin, Alban. "Étude de la rugosité de surface induite par la déformation plastique de tôles minces en alliage d'aluminium AA6016." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716025.
Full textMartin, Alexandre. "Calcul de la réponse à la déformation et au champ électrique dans le formalisme "Projector Augmented-Wave". Application au calcul de vitesse du son de matériaux d'intérêt géophysique." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1034/document.
Full textThe internal composition of our planet is a large topic of study and involves many scientific disciplines. The extreme conditions of pressure and temperature prevailing inside the core (consisting primarily of iron and nickel) and the mantle (consisting mainly of perovskites) make the determination of the exact compositions very difficult. This thesis contributes to recent studies whose aim is to determine more accurately the chemistry of these minerals. Its purpose is the development of a tool for the calculation of seismic wave velocities within methods based on ab-initio simulations. These velocities are calculated from the full elastic tensor, including the atomic relaxation and induced changes in the crystal field. We use the approach of the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) to eliminate numerical uncertainties induced by conventional methods based on finite differences. We combine this approach with the « Projector Augmented-Wave » (PAW) formalism that takes into account all the electrons of the system with a low computational cost. We apply the method on core and mantle materials and we determine the effects of various lights elements (Si, S, C, O and H) on the seismic wave velocities of pure iron, as well as the effect of aluminum in the perovskite MgSiO3
Cormier, Pierre-Antoine. "Etude des transferts d'énergie lors d'interactions plasma/surface." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919254.
Full textKluender, Rafael. "Mesures en trois dimensions des distorsions cristallines par imagerie en diffraction de Bragg : application aux cristaux de glace." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635598.
Full textAït, Hocine Nourredine. "Approche globale de la mécanique de la rupture appliquée aux élastomères : validation expérimentale et numérique d'une expression de l'intégrale J sous une forme multiplicative d'une fonction de la densité d'énergie de déformation et d'une fonction de géométrie." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-192.pdf.
Full textDeux types de matériaux caoutchoutiques sont testés : l'e. P. D. M. Et le polybutadiène. Le paramètre énergétique j expérimental est déterminé par l'application d'une méthode originale (critère de séparation) développé antérieurement au laboratoire. La simulation numérique est réalisée à l'aide du code d'éléments finis ansys v 5. 0, en élasticité non linéaire et en grandes déformations. Les résultats ont mis en évidence l'influence des dimensions finies de l'éprouvette sur le paramètre j. Nous avons particulièrement vérifié la validité de la méthode de séparation et celle de l'expression de j mis sous une forme multiplicative d'une fonction de géométrie et d'une fonction tenant compte uniquement de la non linéarité du comportement. La valeur critique j#c de j régit bien, a priori, la rupture des matériaux étudiés
Riffet, Vanessa. "Interactions non-covalentes et propriétés physico-chimiques de petits systèmes biologiques : approches théoriques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01084858/document.
Full textThe three-dimensional structure and physico-chemical properties of biomolecules such as peptides are not only governed by their elementary composition but also various non-covalent intra-and inter-molecular interactions. The characterization, measurement and effects of these interactions are currently at the center of many researches at the interface between biology and physical chemistry. In this context, the aim of our thesis is a better understanding of these interactions in biomolecules and aggregates using the tools of quantum chemistry and molecular modeling. In this regard, due to the complexity and size of the real biological systems, chemical models have been developed. These have allowed us to study and understand the nature and effects of these interactions taken "individually" on the geometric and electronic structure of molecular systems such as small peptides and aggregates of glycine betaine. The role of non-covalent interactions on the reactivity of various physico-chemical conditions (electronic reduction, gas phase, microsolvation) is also one of the several approaches of our work. Among the systems examined, many of them included at least one ammonium, guanidinium or imidazolium charged groups, which are founded in the side chains of the amino acids lysine, arginine and histidine. We have shown that the chemical environment of these electronic charges greatly influences the structure and reactivity of the molecules that contain these groups. Eventually, we both performed a calibration of modeling methods for the study of the electronic properties of radical peptides and developed new protocols for the potential energy surface exploration starting from the AMOEBA polarizable force field, in order to optimize the conformational searches exhaustivity for flexible biological systems
Lontsi, Fomena Mireille. "Etude théorique de la diffusion de l’oxygène dans des oxydes diélectriques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13703/document.
Full textThe miniaturization of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) components requires the use of high dielectric permittivity materials as gate oxide. LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 are among the best candidates, but the oxygen diffusion in these materials leads to the degradation of both the electrical properties and the interface with silicon. In this context, the aim of this theoretical work is to study the factors governing the oxygen ion diffusion at the chemical bonding scale. This approach is based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), coupled with electron density analysis methods, and the pioneering development of energy density cards. The regions of the electron density contributing to the diffusion barrier have been identified allowing new routes of optimization of these materials across the chemical bonding
Hajlaoui, Chahira. "Etude des propriétés structurales et électroniques des nanofil semiconducteurs III-V." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0012/document.
Full textSemiconductor nanowires are attracting much attention both for their original properties and their potential applications in opto- and nanoelectronics. The physics of nanowires and in particular materials at the base is poorly understood and difficult to characterize. In this context, the numerical simulation can provide quantitative answers to the problems posed by these objects and help to explore their potential. In particular, their crystallization is in a wurtzite (WZ) hexagonal phase but with stacking faults that result in insertions of cubic sequences. The zinc blende structure has been widely studied; the various structural, electronic and optical properties of semiconductor materials adopting this structure are well illustrated and discussed in the literature. On the other side, these properties are poorly understood for WZ. Study of WZ III-V materials and related heterostructures is the subject of this work. In particular, I have simulated the structural and electronic properties of relaxed InAs and InP and under strain condition. ab initio modeling or first principle may explore structural, electronic and dynamics of matter without any experimental prior knowledge. Here, DFT calculations are performed to model the structural and electronic properties of WZ InAs and InP. The error in the evaluation of conduction energy states has been circumvented with the use of GW approximation and hybrid functionals. Finally, I have studied band offset alignment and polarizations effects in InAs/InP WZ system
Durinck, Julien. "Modélisation de la plasticité de la forsterite par calculs à l'échelle atomique et par dynamique des dislocations." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9fd43a9a-26ef-450b-93e3-5ad8c43033b0.
Full textAmokrane, Mounir. "Étude et mise en œuvre de couplage thermoélectrique en vue de l'intensification d'échange de chaleur par morphing électroactif." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11499/1/amokrane_partie_1_2.pdf.
Full textSaai, Afaf. "Modèle physique de la plasticité d'un cristal métallique CFC soumis à des chargements alternés : contribution à la définition d'une modélisation multiéchelles de la mise en forme des métaux." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335219.
Full textCette thèse est une contribution à l'établissement d'un modèle de comportement plastique destiné à être utilisé pour la simulation numérique des opérations de mise en forme. Le parti a été pris de recourir à un modèle micromécanique dont les variables sont des paramètres micro-structuraux intrinsèques comme les densités de dislocations et leurs distributions sur chaque système de glissement. Le modèle traite des chargements alternés dans un cadre physique unifié défini pour l'ensemble des équations constitutives décrivant l'écrouissage.
Au-delà de l'intérêt de définir un modèle particulier, ce travail apporte une contribution à la mise en œuvre des différentes étapes qui doivent conduire à son utilisation dans une simulation numérique macroscopique. Il s'agit de définir un protocole reproductible, plutôt indépendant du modèle considéré et exploitable pour d'autres modélisations. En particulier, des protocoles expérimentaux sont définis pour produire des données dans des conditions reproductibles. Des moyens de caractérisation récents comme l'analyse d'images dans les domaines visible et infrarouge sont utilisés pour étudier la réponse expérimentale thermomécanique de différents échantillons à caractère fortement cristallin. Ensuite, l'implantation du modèle dans un code éléments finis commercial permet d'envisager des simulations complexes qui, si elles ne s'adressent pas actuellement à des opérations d'emboutissage, comportent toutefois les ingrédients pour les traiter.
Ce travail, à l'interface de nombreux champs disciplinaires, apporte donc une contribution au développement des modèles de comportement plastique des matériaux métalliques qui porte sur l'ensemble des briques nécessaires au développement de simulations numériques utilisant des modèles à caractère physique.
Ateba, Mba Jean-Marcel. "Nouveaux fluorophosphates de métaux de transition utilisés comme matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries li-ion." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14862/document.
Full textThis work focused on TAVORITE-based fluorophosphates LiMPO4F (M = V, Fe, Ti) and LiVPO4O which, when compared with other phosphate structural families such as Li3V2(PO4)3 (NASICON) or LiFePO4(OH) (Tavorite), possess superior energy density as electrode materials for Li batteries. Reproducible synthesis procedures were developed through “classical” ceramic routes in sealed containers and/or low temperature ionothermal reaction. The obtained materials were characterized by magnetometry, solid state NMR and heavily by X-Ray and Neutron diffraction. The crystal structures of all the materials were determined, as well as the mechanisms of Li+ insertion/extraction through insitu X-Ray diffraction during electrochemical charge/discharge of the batteries
Pajot, Ségolène. "Synthèse et caractérisation d’oxydes lamellaires riches en lithium et en manganèse obtenus sous la forme de gradients de concentration pour les batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0277/document.
Full textThis work describes in details the implementation of the synthesis protocol for theformation of Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides with concentration-gradients. The purposewas to develop the synthesis of Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides in the bulk of sphericalaggregates of active material and, moving to the surface, to enrich the layered oxides’composition with Co and Ni, in order to combine a high energy density (provided bythe bulk) and an excellent thermal and structural stability (provided by the surface).The synthesis was performed in two steps, a coprecipitation to form a transition metalcarbonate followed by a calcination at high temperature to obtain the lithiated activematerial. The influence of several parameters (pH, feeding rate, size of the reactor,composition …) on the nature of the carbonates formed with concentration-gradientswas studied. Similarly, the control of the Li/M ratio (with M = Ni, Co, Mn) and of thetemperature and duration of calcination was revealed to be important to maintain theconcentration-gradient in the lithiated materials. The Li/M ratio is also the keyparameter to control the nature of the materials obtained (layered - spinel or layered -layered). Advanced characterizations, complex to be implemented, were performed inorder to obtain in-depth information on the distribution of phases within the aggregates(composition and structure), from the bulk to the surface: complementary microscopytechniques (EPMA, SEM-EDS and FIB-STEM) were widely used. The most interestingmaterials were studied in Lithium-ion batteries with graphite at the negative electrode,their electrochemical performance and the thermal stability in the charged state of thebattery were compared to the state of art, and particularly to the bulk Li and Mn-richlayered oxide
Feraille, Maxime. "Etude du Transport dans les Transistors MOSFETs Contraints: Modélisation Multi-échelle." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436049.
Full textDumont, Guillaume. "Calculs des propriétés électroniques du GaAsN, de nanotubes de carbone et de polymères à faible gap par méthodes ab initio." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18109.
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