Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dense networks

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Dense networks'

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Published: 25 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Dense networks"

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SIPPER, MOSHE. "CLUSTER-DENSE NETWORKS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, no. 06 (June 2008): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108012650.

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Small-world networks, exhibiting short nodal distances and high clustering, and scale-free networks, typified by a scale-free, power-law node-degree distribution, have been shown to be widespread both in natural and artificial systems. We propose a new type of network — cluster-dense network — characterized by multiple clusters that are highly intra-connected and sparsely inter-connected. Employing two graph-theoretic measures — local density and relative density — we demonstrate that such networks are prevalent in the world of networks.
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Athanasiadou, Georgia E., Panagiotis Fytampanis, Dimitra A. Zarbouti, George V. Tsoulos, Panagiotis K. Gkonis, and Dimitra I. Kaklamani. "Radio Network Planning towards 5G mmWave Standalone Small-Cell Architectures." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2020): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020339.

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The 5G radio networks have introduced major changes in terms of service requirements and bandwidth allocation compared to cellular networks to date and hence, they have made the fundamental radio planning problem even more complex. In this work, the focus is on providing a generic analysis for this problem with the help of a proper multi-objective optimization algorithm that considers the main constraints of coverage, capacity and cost for high-capacity scenarios that range from dense to ultra-dense mmWave 5G standalone small-cell network deployments. The results produced based on the above analysis demonstrate that the denser the small-cell deployment, the higher the area throughput, and that a sectored microcell configuration can double the throughput for ultra-dense networks compared to dense networks. Furthermore, dense 5G networks can actually have cell radii below 400 m and down to 120 m for the ultra-dense sectored network that also reached spectral efficiency 9.5 bps/Hz/Km2 with no MIMO or beamforming.
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Wang, Wei, Yutao Li, Ting Zou, Xin Wang, Jieyu You, and Yanhong Luo. "A Novel Image Classification Approach via Dense-MobileNet Models." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (January 6, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7602384.

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As a lightweight deep neural network, MobileNet has fewer parameters and higher classification accuracy. In order to further reduce the number of network parameters and improve the classification accuracy, dense blocks that are proposed in DenseNets are introduced into MobileNet. In Dense-MobileNet models, convolution layers with the same size of input feature maps in MobileNet models are taken as dense blocks, and dense connections are carried out within the dense blocks. The new network structure can make full use of the output feature maps generated by the previous convolution layers in dense blocks, so as to generate a large number of feature maps with fewer convolution cores and repeatedly use the features. By setting a small growth rate, the network further reduces the parameters and the computation cost. Two Dense-MobileNet models, Dense1-MobileNet and Dense2-MobileNet, are designed. Experiments show that Dense2-MobileNet can achieve higher recognition accuracy than MobileNet, while only with fewer parameters and computation cost.
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Campbell, Lowell. "Dense group networks." Discrete Applied Mathematics 37-38 (July 1992): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(92)90125-t.

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Zou, Kingsley Jun, and Kristo Wenjie Yang. "Network synchronization for dense small cell networks." IEEE Wireless Communications 22, no. 2 (April 2015): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2015.7096293.

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Oyakhire, Omuwa, and Koichi Gyoda. "Improved Proactive Routing Protocol Considering Node Density Using Game Theory in Dense Networks." Future Internet 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12030047.

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In mobile ad hoc networks, network nodes cooperate by packet forwarding from the source to the destination. As the networks become denser, more control packets are forwarded, thus consuming more bandwidth and may cause packet loss. Recently, game theory has been applied to address several problems in mobile ad hoc networks like energy efficiency. In this paper, we apply game theory to reduce the control packets in dense networks. We choose a proactive routing protocol, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. We consider two strategies in this method: willingness_always and willingness_never to reduce the multipoint relay (MPR) ratio in dense networks. Thus, nodes with less influence on other nodes are excluded from nomination as MPRs. Simulations were used to confirm the efficiency of using our improved method. The results show that the MPR ratio was significantly reduced, and packet delivery ratio was increased compared to the conventional protocol.
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Koucheryavy, Andrey, Alexander Paramonov, Mariya Makolkina, Ammar Muthanna, Anastasija Vybornova, Roman Dunaytscev, Maxim Zaharov, Lyubov Gorbacheva, D. Tran, and Anastasiya Marochkina. "3 Dimension Multilayer Heterogenous Ultra Dense Networks." Telecom IT 10, no. 3 (December 23, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-3-1-12.

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The development of communication networks poses new challenges in the field of scientific research. At the same time, one of the main directions of development is the creation of highdensity and ultra-dense networks. Ultra-dense networks already belong to the technologies of communication networks of the sixth generation and the requirements for them are formed in the conditions of their deployment in three-dimensional space. Starting with the construction of fifth generation communication networks, communication networks are considered as heterogeneous, in which various technologies can be used together in the process of providing network services, for example, the Internet of Things, unmanned aerial vehicles, vehicular ad hoc networks, etc. This leads to the need to define and study three-dimensional multi-layer heterogeneous ultra-dense networks, which is the subject of this article.
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Ge, Xiaohu, Song Tu, Guoqiang Mao, Cheng-Xiang Wang, and Tao Han. "5G Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks." IEEE Wireless Communications 23, no. 1 (February 2016): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2016.7422408.

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F., Aguiló, F., E. E., Simó, and M. M., Zaragozá. "On Dense Triple-Loop Networks." Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 10 (November 2001): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0653(04)00406-8.

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Roy, Saptarshi, Titas Chanda, Tamoghna Das, Aditi Sen(De), and Ujjwal Sen. "Deterministic quantum dense coding networks." Physics Letters A 382, no. 26 (July 2018): 1709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2018.04.033.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dense networks"

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Bulashenko, A. V., and I. V. Zabegaloff. "5G ultra dense networks." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66962.

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The traffic demands predicted by 2030 are up to 10,000 times greater than in 2010 and end-service users will need to support 100 Mbps. One of the key developments that will provide this demand is the deployment of very dense and multi layered networks.
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Hettinger, Christopher James. "Hyperparameters for Dense Neural Networks." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7531.

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Neural networks can perform an incredible array of complex tasks, but successfully training a network is difficult because it requires us to minimize a function about which we know very little. In practice, developing a good model requires both intuition and a lot of guess-and-check. In this dissertation, we study a type of fully-connected neural network that improves on standard rectifier networks while retaining their useful properties. We then examine this type of network and its loss function from a probabilistic perspective. This analysis leads to a new rule for parameter initialization and a new method for predicting effective learning rates for gradient descent. Experiments confirm that the theory behind these developments translates well into practice.
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Sharma, Sachin. "Integrated Backhaul Management for Ultra-Dense Network Deployment." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159447.

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Mobile data traffic is expected to increase substantially in the coming years, with data rates 1000 times higher by 2020, having media and content as the main drivers together with a plethora of new end-user services that will challenge existing networks. Concepts and visions associated with the ICT evolution like the network society, 50 billion connected devices, Industrial Internet, Tactile Internet, etc., exemplifies the range of new services that the networks will have to handle. These new services impose extreme requirement to the network like high capacity, low latency, reliability, security, seamless connectivity, etc. In order to face these challenges, the whole end-to-end network has to evolve and adapt, pushing for advances in different areas, such as transport, cloud, core, and radio access networks. This work investigates the impact of envisioned 2020 society scenarios on transport links for mobile backhaul, emphasizing the need for an integrated and flexible/adaptive network as the way to meet the 2020 networks demands. The evolution of heterogeneous networks and ultra-dense network deployments shall also comprise the introduction of adaptive network features, such as dynamic network resource allocation, automatic integration of access nodes, etc. In order to achieve such self-management features in mobile networks, new mechanisms have to be investigated for an integrated backhaul management. First, this thesis performs a feasibility study on the mobile backhaul dimensioning for 2020 5G wireless ultra-dense networks scenarios, aiming to analyze the gap in capacity demand between 4G and 5G networks. Secondly, the concept of an integrated backhaul management is analyzed as a combination of node attachment procedures, in the context of moving networks. In addition, the dynamic network resource allocation concept, based on DWDM-centric transport architecture, was explored for 5G scenarios assuming traffic variation both in time and between different geographical areas. Finally, a short view on techno-economics and network deployments in the 2020 time frame is provided.
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Bansal, Tarun. "Network-Centric Mechanisms for Performance Improvement in Dense Wireless Networks." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397749798.

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Baudin, Émilie. "Raptor Codes for Super-Dense Networks." Thesis, KTH, Signalbehandling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140523.

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In this project, we investigate the performance of Raptor codes as candidatesfor channel coding for the wireless communication between access nodes.Very high data-rates are used, and processing uses more resources than transmission.Therefore, we need fast encoding and decoding algorithms for thechannel coding. Raptor codes have linear encoding and decoding times, andcan have very small overhead if they are properly designed. Hence, they arepossible candidates. We have implemented an encoding and decoding algorithm for Raptorcodes, as well as an environment for simulation. The system requirementsare expressed in terms of delay between the beginning of a transmission andthe successful decoding, and storage required during the transmission and processing.We have evaluated the performance of Raptor codes in terms of delayand storage as a function of system design parameters, in particular the numberof nodes in the network, and the size of the packets. We show that if thesize of the packets is properly chosen, Raptor codes can be useful for the application,and we explain the method for choosing the size of the packets. Wealso provide a way to calculate the delay and the storage for a given systemconfiguration, in order for example to determinate the larger number of nodesor the larger of users such that the delay and the storage are acceptable.
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Peng, Jixian, and 彭继娴. "Macroscopic characteristics of dense road networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195994.

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In the continuum modeling of traffic networks, a macroscopic cost-flow function (MCF) and macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) can be used to represent the fundamental relationships between traffic quantities such as speed, flow, and density. The MCF governs the steady-state cost-flow relationship, whereas the MFD represents the instantaneous inter-relationship between speed, flow, and density of traffic streams. This thesis explores the influence of network topologies on the MCF and MFD. The Hong Kong road system is divided into unit-sized road networks with various physical characteristics for which the network structure and signal timings are reserved. By universally scaling the origin-destination (OD) matrices of the morning peak, traffic conditions ranging from free-flow to congestion are created for microscopic simulation. From the simulation results, an MCF that relates the average journey time and the number of vehicles traveling through the network in one hour and an MFD that relates space to the mean speed and average density aggregated across 300s intervals are derived. The MCF and MFD are calibrated with mathematical models for each network. The density of roads, junctions, and signal junctions all influence the value of the macroscopic parameters in the MCF and MFD, and predictive equations are constructed that relate the macroscopic parameters to the network topological characteristics. Based on the fitting performance of the mathematical models, recommendations are made for selecting MCF and MFD models for continuum modeling.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Cortes-Pena, Luis Miguel. "Optimizing dense wireless networks of MIMO links." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52254.

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Wireless communication systems have exploded in popularity over the past few decades. Due to their popularity, the demand for higher data rates by the users, and the high cost of wireless spectrum, wireless providers are actively seeking ways to improve the spectral efficiency of their networks. One promising technique to improve spectral efficiency is to equip the wireless devices with multiple antennas. If both the transmitter and receiver of a link are equipped with multiple antennas, they form a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) link. The multiple antennas at the nodes provide degrees-of-freedom that can be used for either sending multiple streams of data simultaneously (a technique known as spatial multiplexing), or for suppressing interference through linear combining, but not both. Due to this trade-off, careful allocation of how many streams each link should carry is important to ensure that each node has enough degrees-of-freedom available to suppress the interference and support its desired streams. How the streams are sent and received and how interference is suppressed is ultimately determined by the beamforming weights at the transmitters and the combining weights at the receivers. Determining these weights is, however, made difficult by their inherent interdependency. Our focus is on unplanned and/or dense single-hop networks, such as WLANs and femtocells, where each single-hop network is composed of an access point serving several associated clients. The objective of this research is to design algorithms for maximizing the performance of dense single-hop wireless networks of MIMO links. We address the problems of determining which links to schedule together at each time slot, how many streams to allocate to each link (if any), and the beamforming and combining weights that support those streams. This dissertation describes four key contributions as follows: - We classify any interference suppression technique as either unilateral interference suppression or bilateral interference suppression. We show that a simple bilateral interference suppression approach outperforms all known unilateral interference suppression approaches, even after searching for the best unilateral solution. - We propose an algorithm based on bilateral interference suppression whose goal is to maximize the sum rate of a set of interfering MIMO links by jointly optimizing which subset of transmitters should transmit, the number of streams for each transmitter (if any), and the beamforming and combining weights that support those streams. - We propose a framework for optimizing dense single-hop wireless networks. The framework implements techniques to address several practical issues that arise when implementing interference suppression, such as the overhead of performing channel measurements and communicating channel state information, the overhead of computing the beamforming and combining weights, and the overhead of cooperation between the access points. - We derive the optimal scheduler that maximizes the sum rate subject to proportional fairness. Simulations in ns-3 show that the framework, using the optimal scheduler, increases the proportionally fair aggregate goodput by up to 165% as compared to the aggregate goodput of 802.11n for the case of four interfering single-hop wireless networks with two clients each.
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Papadopoulos, Aris. "Energy-efficient routing for dense wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540663.

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Giménez, Colás Sonia. "Ultra Dense Networks Deployment for beyond 2020 Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86204.

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A new communication paradigm is foreseen for beyond 2020 society, due to the emergence of new broadband services and the Internet of Things era. The set of requirements imposed by these new applications is large and diverse, aiming to provide a ubiquitous broadband connectivity. Research community has been working in the last decade towards the definition of the 5G mobile wireless networks that will provide the proper mechanisms to reach these challenging requirements. In this framework, three key research directions have been identified for the improvement of capacity in 5G: the increase of the spectral efficiency by means of, for example, the use of massive MIMO technology, the use of larger amounts of spectrum by utilizing the millimeter wave band, and the network densification by deploying more base stations per unit area. This dissertation addresses densification as the main enabler for the broadband and massive connectivity required in future 5G networks. To this aim, this Thesis focuses on the study of the UDN. In particular, a set of technology enablers that can lead UDN to achieve their maximum efficiency and performance are investigated, namely, the use of higher frequency bands for the benefit of larger bandwidths, the use of massive MIMO with distributed antenna systems, and the use of distributed radio resource management techniques for the inter-cell interference coordination. Firstly, this Thesis analyzes whether there exists a fundamental performance limit related with densification in cellular networks. To this end, the UDN performance is evaluated by means of an analytical model consisting of a 1-dimensional network deployment with equally spaced BS. The inter-BS distance is decreased until reaching the limit of densification when this distance approaches 0. The achievable rates in networks with different inter-BS distances are analyzed for several levels of transmission power availability, and for various types of cooperation among cells. Moreover, UDN performance is studied in conjunction with the use of a massive number of antennas and larger amounts of spectrum. In particular, the performance of hybrid beamforming and precoding MIMO schemes are assessed in both indoor and outdoor scenarios with multiple cells and users, working in the mmW frequency band. On the one hand, beamforming schemes using the full-connected hybrid architecture are analyzed in BS with limited number of RF chains, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these schemes in a dense-urban scenario. On the other hand, the performance of different indoor deployment strategies using HP in the mmW band is evaluated, focusing on the use of DAS. More specifically, a DHP suitable for DAS is proposed, comparing its performance with that of HP in other indoor deployment strategies. Lastly, the presence of practical limitations and hardware impairments in the use of hybrid architectures is also investigated. Finally, the investigation of UDN is completed with the study of their main limitation, which is the increasing inter-cell interference in the network. In order to tackle this problem, an eICIC scheduling algorithm based on resource partitioning techniques is proposed. Its performance is evaluated and compared to other scheduling algorithms under several degrees of network densification. After the completion of this study, the potential of UDN to reach the capacity requirements of 5G networks is confirmed. Nevertheless, without the use of larger portions of spectrum, a proper interference management and the use of a massive number of antennas, densification could turn into a serious problem for mobile operators. Performance evaluation results show large system capacity gains with the use of massive MIMO techniques in UDN, and even greater when the antennas are distributed. Furthermore, the application of ICIC techniques reveals that, besides the increase in system capacity, it brings significant energy savings to UDNs.
A partir del año 2020 se prevé que un nuevo paradigma de comunicación surja en la sociedad, debido a la aparición de nuevos servicios y la era del Internet de las cosas. El conjunto de requisitos impuesto por estas nuevas aplicaciones es muy amplio y diverso, y tiene como principal objetivo proporcionar conectividad de banda ancha y universal. En las últimas décadas, la comunidad científica ha estado trabajando en la definición de la 5G de redes móviles que brindará los mecanismos necesarios para garantizar estos requisitos. En este marco, se han identificado tres mecanismos clave para conseguir el necesario incremento de capacidad de la red: el aumento de la eficiencia espectral a través de, por ejemplo, el uso de tecnologías MIMO masivas, la utilización de mayores porciones del espectro en frecuencia y la densificación de la red mediante el despliegue de más estaciones base por área. Esta Tesis doctoral aborda la densificación como el principal mecanismo que permitirá la conectividad de banda ancha y universal requerida en la 5G, centrándose en el estudio de las Redes Ultra Densas o UDNs. En concreto, se analiza el conjunto de tecnologías habilitantes que pueden llevar a las UDNs a obtener su máxima eficiencia y prestaciones, incluyendo el uso de altas frecuencias para el aprovechamiento de mayores anchos de banda, la utilización de MIMO masivo con sistemas de antenas distribuidas y el uso de técnicas de reparto de recursos distribuidas para la coordinación de interferencias. En primer lugar, se analiza si existe un límite fundamental en la mejora de las prestaciones en relación a la densificación. Con este fin, las prestaciones de las UDNs se evalúan utilizando un modelo analítico de red unidimensional con BSs equiespaciadas, en el que la distancia entre BSs se disminuye hasta alcanzar el límite de densificación cuando ésta se aproxima a 0. Las tasas alcanzables en redes con distintas distancias entre BSs son analizadas, considerando distintos niveles de potencia disponible en la red y varios grados de cooperación entre celdas. Además, el comportamiento de las UDNs se estudia junto al uso masivo de antenas y la utilización de anchos de banda mayores. Más concretamente, las prestaciones de ciertas técnicas híbridas MIMO de precodificación y beamforming se examinan en la banda milimétrica. Por una parte, se analizan esquemas de beamforming en BSs con arquitectura híbrida en función de la disponibilidad de cadenas de radiofrecuencia en escenarios exteriores. Por otra parte, se evalúan las prestaciones de ciertos esquemas de precodificación híbrida en escenarios interiores, utilizando distintos despliegues y centrando la atención en los sistemas de antenas distribuidos o DAS. Además, se propone un algoritmo de precodificación híbrida específico para DAS, y se evalúan y comparan sus prestaciones con las de otros algoritmos de precodificación utilizados. Por último, se investiga el impacto en las prestaciones de ciertas limitaciones prácticas y deficiencias introducidas por el uso de dispositivos no ideales. Finalmente, el estudio de las UDNs se completa con el análisis de su principal limitación, el nivel creciente de interferencia en la red. Para ello, se propone un algoritmo de control de interferencias basado en la partición de recursos. Sus prestaciones son evaluadas y comparadas con las de otras técnicas de asignación de recursos. Tras este estudio, se puede afirmar que las UDNs tienen gran potencial para la consecución de los requisitos de la 5G. Sin embargo, sin el uso conjunto de mayores porciones del espectro, adecuadas técnicas de control de la interferencia y el uso masivo de antenas, las UDNs pueden convertirse en serios obstáculos para los operadores móviles. Los resultados de la evaluación de prestaciones de estas tecnologías confirman el gran aumento de la capacidad de las redes mediante el uso masivo de antenas y la introducción de mecanismos de I
A partir de l'any 2020 es preveu un nou paradigma de comunicació en la societat, degut a l'aparició de nous serveis i la era de la Internet de les coses. El conjunt de requeriments imposat per aquestes noves aplicacions és ampli i divers, i té com a principal objectiu proporcionar connectivitat universal i de banda ampla. En les últimes dècades, la comunitat científica ha estat treballant en la definició de la 5G, que proveirà els mecanismes necessaris per a garantir aquests exigents requeriments. En aquest marc, s'han identificat tres mecanismes claus per a aconseguir l'increment necessari en la capacitat: l'augment de l'eficiència espectral a través de, per exemple, l'ús de tecnologies MIMO massives, la utilització de majors porcions de l'espectre i la densificació mitjançant el desplegament de més estacions base per àrea. Aquesta Tesi aborda la densificació com a principal mecanisme que permetrà la connectivitat de banda ampla i universal requerida en la 5G, centrant-se en l' estudi de les xarxes ultra denses (UDNs). Concretament, el conjunt de tecnologies que poden dur a les UDNs a la seua màxima eficiència i prestacions és analitzat, incloent l'ús d'altes freqüències per a l'aprofitament de majors amplàries de banda, la utilització de MIMO massiu amb sistemes d'antenes distribuïdes i l'ús de tècniques distribuïdes de repartiment de recursos per a la coordinació de la interferència. En primer lloc, aquesta Tesi analitza si existeix un límit fonamental en les prestacions en relació a la densificació. Per això, les prestacions de les UDNs s'avaluen utilitzant un model analític unidimensional amb estacions base equidistants, en les quals la distància entre estacions base es redueix fins assolir el límit de densificació quan aquesta distància s'aproxima a 0. Les taxes assolibles en xarxes amb diferents distàncies entre estacions base s'analitzen considerant diferents nivells de potència i varis graus de cooperació entre cel·les. A més, el comportament de les UDNs s'estudia conjuntament amb l'ús massiu d'antenes i la utilització de majors amplàries de banda. Més concretament, les prestacions de certes tècniques híbrides MIMO de precodificació i beamforming s'examinen en la banda mil·limètrica. D'una banda, els esquemes de beamforming aplicats a estacions base amb arquitectures híbrides és analitzat amb disponibilitat limitada de cadenes de radiofreqüència a un escenari urbà dens. D'altra banda, s'avaluen les prestacions de certs esquemes de precodificació híbrida en escenaris d'interior, utilitzant diferents estratègies de desplegament i centrant l'atenció en els sistemes d' antenes distribuïdes (DAS). A més, es proposa un algoritme de precodificació híbrida distribuïda per a DAS, i s'avaluen i comparen les seues prestacions amb les de altres algoritmes. Per últim, s'investiga l'impacte de les limitacions pràctiques i altres deficiències introduïdes per l'ús de dispositius no ideals en les prestacions de tots els esquemes anteriors. Finalment, l' estudi de les UDNs es completa amb l'anàlisi de la seua principal limitació, el nivell creixent d'interferència entre cel·les. Per tractar aquest problema, es proposa un algoritme de control d'interferències basat en la partició de recursos. Les prestacions de l'algoritme proposat s'avaluen i comparen amb les d'altres tècniques d'assignació de recursos. Una vegada completat aquest estudi, es pot afirmar que les UDNs tenen un gran potencial per aconseguir els ambiciosos requeriments plantejats per a la 5G. Tanmateix, sense l'ús conjunt de majors amplàries de banda, apropiades tècniques de control de la interferència i l'ús massiu d'antenes, les UDNs poden convertir-se en seriosos obstacles per als operadors mòbils. Els resultats de l'avaluació de prestacions d' aquestes tecnologies confirmen el gran augment de la capacitat de les xarxes obtingut mitjançant l'ús massiu d'antenes i la introducci
Giménez Colás, S. (2017). Ultra Dense Networks Deployment for beyond 2020 Technologies [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86204
TESIS
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Wambi, Paul James. "Efficient energy management in ultra-dense wireless networks." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30999.

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The increase in demand for more network capacity has led to the evolution of wireless networks from being largely Heterogeneous (Het-Nets) to the now existing Ultra-dense (UDNs). In UDNs, small cells are densely deployed with the goal of shortening the physical distance between the base stations (BSs) and the UEs, so as to support more user equipment (UEs) at peak times while ensuring high data rates. Compared to Het-Nets, Ultra-dense networks (UDNs) have many advantages. These include, more network capacity, higher flexibility to routine configurations, and more suitability to achieve load-balancing, hence, fewer blind spots as well as lower call blocking probability. It should be noted that, in practice, due to the high density of deployed small cells in Ultra-Dense Networks, a number of issues, or rather concerns, come with this evolution from Het-Nets. Among these issues include problems with efficient radio resource management, user cell association, inter- and intra-cell interference management and, last but not least, efficient energy consumption. Some of these issues which impact the overall network efficiency are largely due to the use of obsolete algorithms, especially those whose resource allocation is based solely on received signal power (RSSP). In this paper, the focus is solely on the efficient energy management dilemma and how to optimally reduce the overall network energy consumption. Through an extensive literature review, a detailed report into the growing concern of efficient energy management in UDNs is provided in Chapter 2. The literature review report highlights the classification as well as the evolution of some of the Mobile Wireless Technologies and Mobile Wireless Networks in general. The literature review report provides reasons as to why the energy consumption issue has become a very serious concern in UltraDense networks as well as the various techniques and measures taken to mitigate this. It is shown that, due to the increasing Mobile Wireless Systems’ carbon footprint which carries serious negative environmental impact, and the general need to lower operating costs by the network operators, the management of energy consumption increases in priority. By using the architecture of a Fourth Generation Long Term Evolution (4G-LTE) UltraDense Network, the report further shows that more than 65% of the overall energy consumption is by the access network and base stations in particular. This phenomenon explains why most attention in energy efficiency management in UDNs is largely centred on reducing the energy consumption of the deployed base stations more than any other network components like the data servers or backhauling features used. Furthermore, the report also provides detailed information on the methods/techniques, their classification, implementation, as well as a critical analysis of the said implementations in literature. This study proposes a sub-optimal algorithm and Distributed Cell Resource Allocation with a Base Station On/Off scheme that aims at reducing the overall base station power consumption in UDNs, while ensuring that the overall Quality of Service (QoS) for each User Equipment (UE) as specified in its service class is met. The modeling of the system model used and hence formulation of the Network Energy Efficiency (NEE) optimization problem is done viii using stochastic geometry. The network model comprises both evolved Node B (eNB) type macro and small cells operating on different frequency bands as well as taking into account factors that impact NEE such as UE mobility, UE spatial distribution and small cells spatial distribution. The channel model takes into account signal interference from all base stations, path loss, fading, log normal shadowing, modulation and coding schemes used on each UE’s communication channels when computing throughout. The power consumption model used takes into account both static (site cooling, circuit power) and active (transmission or load based) base station power consumption. The formulation of the NEE optimization problem takes into consideration the user’s Quality-of-service (QoS), inter-cell interference, as well as each user’s spectral efficiency and coverage/success probability. The formulated NEE optimization problem is of type Nondeterministic Polynomial time (NP)-hard, due to the user-cell association. The proposed solution to the formulated optimization problem makes use of constraint relaxation to transform the NP-hard problem into a more solvable, convex and linear optimization one. This, combined with Lagrangian dual decomposition, is used to create a distributed solution. After cellassociation and resource allocation phases, the proposed solution in order to further reduce power consumption performs Cell On/Off. Then, by using the computer simulation tools/environments, the “Distributed Resource Allocation with Cell On/Off” scheme’s performance, in comparison to four other resource allocation schemes, is analysed and evaluated given a number of different network scenarios. Finally, the statistical and mathematical results generated through the simulations indicate that the proposed scheme is the closest in NEE performance to the Exhaustive Search algorithm, and hence superior to the other sub-optimal algorithms it is compared to.
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Books on the topic "Dense networks"

1

Hurter, Fabian Peter. GNSS meteorology in spatially dense networks. Zürich, Switzerland: Schweizerische Geodätische Kommission, 2014.

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Duong, Trung Q., Xiaoli Chu, and Himal A. Suraweera. Ultra-dense Networks for 5G and Beyond. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119473756.

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Chen, Shanzhi, Fei Qin, Bo Hu, Xi Li, Zhonglin Chen, and Jiamin Liu. User-Centric Ultra-Dense Networks for 5G. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61201-0.

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Denise, Pumain, and Saint-Julien Thérèse, eds. Urban networks in Europe: Réseaux urbains en Europe / édité par Denise Pumain and Thérèse Saint-Julien. Montrouge, France: J. Libbey Eurotext, 1996.

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Zhang, Haijun, Jemin Lee, Tony Q. S. Quek, and Chih-Lin I, eds. Ultra-dense Networks. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108671323.

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Sun, Wen. Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks. CRC Press LLC, 2022.

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Wong, Lawrence Wai-Choong, Haibin Zhang, Wen Sun, Chao Shen, and Nan Zhao. Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Wong, Lawrence Wai-Choong, Haibin Zhang, Wen Sun, Chao Shen, and Nan Zhao. Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Wong, Lawrence Wai-Choong, Haibin Zhang, Wen Sun, Chao Shen, and Nan Zhao. Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks. CRC Press LLC, 2022.

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Wong, Lawrence Wai-Choong, Haibin Zhang, Wen Sun, Chao Shen, and Nan Zhao. Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dense networks"

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Hvitfeldt, Emil, and Julia Silge. "Dense neural networks." In Supervised Machine Learning for Text Analysis in R, 231–72. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093459-13.

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Andrews, Jeffrey G., Abhishek K. Gupta, Ahmad Alammouri, and Harpreet S. Dhillon. "Dense Cellular Networks." In Synthesis Lectures on Learning, Networks, and Algorithms, 61–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29743-4_5.

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Sun, Wen, Haibin Zhang, Nan Zhao, Chao Shen, and Lawrence Wai-Choong Wong. "Introduction." In Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, 1–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003148654-1.

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Sun, Wen, Haibin Zhang, Nan Zhao, Chao Shen, and Lawrence Wai-Choong Wong. "Promising Applications." In Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, 101–10. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003148654-5.

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Sun, Wen, Haibin Zhang, Nan Zhao, Chao Shen, and Lawrence Wai-Choong Wong. "Enabling Factors and Emerging Techniques." In Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, 69–100. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003148654-4.

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Sun, Wen, Haibin Zhang, Nan Zhao, Chao Shen, and Lawrence Wai-Choong Wong. "Resource and Interference Management." In Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, 17–54. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003148654-2.

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Sun, Wen, Haibin Zhang, Nan Zhao, Chao Shen, and Lawrence Wai-Choong Wong. "Summary and Future Work." In Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, 111–12. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003148654-6.

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Sun, Wen, Haibin Zhang, Nan Zhao, Chao Shen, and Lawrence Wai-Choong Wong. "Mobility Management." In Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, 55–68. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003148654-3.

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Das Sarma, Atish, Ashwin Lall, Danupon Nanongkai, and Amitabh Trehan. "Dense Subgraphs on Dynamic Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 151–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33651-5_11.

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Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Mehdi. "Dense Subgraphs in Biological Networks." In SOFSEM 2020: Theory and Practice of Computer Science, 711–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38919-2_60.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dense networks"

1

Li, Jun, Yongjun Chen, Lei Cai, Ian Davidson, and Shuiwang Ji. "Dense Transformer Networks for Brain Electron Microscopy Image Segmentation." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/401.

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The key idea of current deep learning methods for dense prediction is to apply a model on a regular patch centered on each pixel to make pixel-wise predictions. These methods are limited in the sense that the patches are determined by network architecture instead of learned from data. In this work, we propose the dense transformer networks, which can learn the shapes and sizes of patches from data. The dense transformer networks employ an encoder-decoder architecture, and a pair of dense transformer modules are inserted into each of the encoder and decoder paths. The novelty of this work is that we provide technical solutions for learning the shapes and sizes of patches from data and efficiently restoring the spatial correspondence required for dense prediction. The proposed dense transformer modules are differentiable, thus the entire network can be trained. We apply the proposed networks on biological image segmentation tasks and show superior performance is achieved in comparison to baseline methods.
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Mizuno, Takayuki, Kohki Shibahara, Takayuki Kobayashi, and Yutaka Miyamoto. "High-capacity Dense Space Division Multiplexed Multicore Fiber Transmission." In Photonic Networks and Devices. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/networks.2017.netu2b.3.

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Alvarez, Pedro, Carlo Galiotto, Jonathan van de Belt, Danny Finn, Hamed Ahmadi, and Luiz DaSilva. "Simulating dense small cell networks." In 2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2016.7565167.

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Reznik, Alex, Chunxuan Ye, Yuying Dai, Samian Kaur, and John Tomici. "Mobility management for dense networks." In 2011 34th IEEE Sarnoff Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sarnof.2011.5876483.

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Niesen, Urs. "Interference alignment in dense wireless networks." In 2010 IEEE Information Theory Workshop on Information Theory (ITW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itwksps.2010.5503124.

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Shojaeifard, Arman, Khairi Ashour Hamdi, Emad Alsusa, Daniel K. C. So, and Jie Tang. "Optimal Deployment of Dense Cellular Networks." In 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504384.

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Kamel, Mahmoud I., Walaa Hamouda, and Amr M. Youssef. "Multiple association in ultra-dense networks." In ICC 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2016.7511520.

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Tay, Wee-Peng, John N. Tsitsiklis, and Moe Z. Win. "Detection in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2007.639.

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Ahsan Kazmi, S. M., Nguyen H. Tran, Tai Manh Ho, Thant Zin Oo, Tuan LeAnh, Seungil Moon, and Choong Seon Hong. "Resource management in dense heterogeneous networks." In 2015 17th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apnoms.2015.7275383.

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Wang, Mingjie, Hao Cai, Xin Huang, and Minglun Gong. "ADNet: Adaptively Dense Convolutional Neural Networks." In 2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093431.

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Reports on the topic "Dense networks"

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Olariu, Stephan. Algorithmic Issues on Locally Dense Networks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328895.

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Zhang, F., X. Zhang, A. Farrel, O. Gonzalez de Dios, and D. Ceccarelli. RSVP-TE Signaling Extensions in Support of Flexi-Grid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks. RFC Editor, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7792.

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Zhang, X., H. Zheng, R. Casellas, O. Gonzalez de Dios, and D. Ceccarelli. GMPLS OSPF-TE Extensions in Support of Flexi-Grid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks. RFC Editor, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8363.

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Hopkins, Deborah. CRADA Final Report: Thermal Design and Analysis Tools for Dense-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed (DWDM) Optical Networks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157016.

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Zhang, F., X. Fu, D. Ceccarelli, and I. Hussain. Framework and Requirements for GMPLS-Based Control of Flexi-Grid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks. Edited by O. Gonzalez de Dios and R. Casellas. RFC Editor, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7698.

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JW Monroe, MT Ritsche, M Franklin, and KE Kehoe. Comparison of Meteorological Measurements from Sparse and Dense Surface Observation Networks in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948525.

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Monroe, J. W., M. T. Ritsche, M. Franklin, and K. E. Kehoe. Comparison of meteorological measurements from sparse and dense surface observational networks in the U.S. southern Great Plains. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/937018.

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Garg, Raveesh, Eric Qin, Francisco Martinez, Robert Guirado, Akshay Jain, Sergi Abadal, Jose Abellan, et al. Understanding the Design Space of Sparse/Dense Multiphase Dataflows for Mapping Graph Neural Networks on Spatial Accelerators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1821960.

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Dafflon, Baptiste, S. Wielandt, S. Uhlemann, Haruko Wainwright, K. Bennett, Jitendra Kumar, Sebastien Biraud, Susan Hubbard, and Stan Wullschleger. Revolutionizing observations and predictability of Arctic system dynamics through next-generation dense, heterogeneous and intelligent wireless sensor networks with embedded AI. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769774.

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Smith, I. R. Surficial geology, La Biche River northwest, Yukon-Northwest Territories, NTS 95-C/11, 12, 13, and 14. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330591.

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This map is situated in the Hyland Plateau, west of the Mackenzie Mountains, southeast Yukon. The area was inundated by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Ice advanced east to northeast across the rolling bedrock terrain, producing dense networks of sometimes cross-cutting bedrock flutings and drumlinoid ridges. During deglaciation, ice flow became increasingly topographically constrained, shifting to more northward flow along major valleys. Meltwater flowing north initially crossed the divide into the Nahanni River basin. Later, as ice retreated south and eastwards, ice-contact deltas and kame terraces formed along the retreating margins. The area is largely covered by till veneer, with bedrock exposed along most ridge crests and glacially-incised valley walls. Shale units within the Besa River and Mattson formations appear prone to failure, and large rotational landslides are common.
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