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Journal articles on the topic 'Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Hovig, Eivind, Birgitte Smith-Sørensen, Anton Brøgger, and Anne-Lise Børresen. "Constant denaturant gel electrophoresis, a modification of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, in mutation detection." Mutation Research Letters 262, no. 1 (January 1991): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(91)90108-g.

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2

Choe, Myeongeun, Sung-Jun Hong, Jong-Hui Lim, Yunyoung Kwak, Chang-Gi Back, Hee-Young Jung, In-Jung Lee, and Jae-Ho Shin. "Korean Paddy Soil Microbial Community Analysis Method Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis." Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry 56, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2013.016.

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3

Cremonesi, Laura, Paola Carrera, Antonella Fumagalli, Sabrina Lucchiari, Elena Cardillo, Maurizio Ferrari, Sabina Carla Righetti, Franco Zunino, Pier Giorgio Righetti, and Cecilia Gelfi. "Validation of Double Gradient Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis through Multigenic Retrospective Analysis." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.1.35.

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Abstract Among established techniques for the identification of either known or new mutations, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is one of the most effective. However, conventional DGGE is affected by major drawbacks that limit its routine application: the different denaturant gradient ranges and migration times required for different DNA fragments. We developed a modified version of DGGE for high-throughput mutational analysis, double gradient DGGE (DG-DGGE), by superimposing a porous gradient over the denaturant gradient, which maintains the zone-sharpening effect even during lengthy analyses. Because of this innovation, DG-DGGE achieves the double goals of retaining full effectiveness in the detection of mutations while allowing identical run time conditions for all fragments analyzed. Here we use retrospective analysis of a large number of well-characterized mutations and polymorphisms, spanning all predicted melting domains and the whole genomic sequence of three different genes—the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the β-globin, and the p53 genes—to demonstrate that DG-DGGE may be applied to the rapid scanning of any sequence variation.

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4

Adil, Essahale. "Corrective Measures of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Limitations." Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2015.1.12.

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5

Radojkovic, Dragica, and Jelena Kušic. "Silver Staining of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Gels." Clinical Chemistry 46, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.6.883.

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6

Fodde, Riccardo, and Monique Losekoot. "Mutation detection by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)." Human Mutation 3, no. 2 (1994): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380030202.

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7

Valášková, V., and P. Baldrian. "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a fingerprinting method for the analysis of soil microbial communities." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 10 (October 21, 2009): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/132/2009-pse.

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In soil microbial ecology, the effects of environmental factors and their gradients, temporal changes or the response to specific experimental treatments of microbial communities can only be effectively analyzed using methods that address the structural differences among whole communities. Fingerprinting methods are the most appropriate technique for this task when multiple samples must be analyzed. Among the methods currently used to compare microbial communities based on nucleic acid sequences, the techniques based on differences in the melting properties of double-stranded molecules, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) or temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), are the most widely used. Their main advantage is that they provide the possibility to further analyze whole sequences contained in fingerprints using molecular methods. In addition to the analysis of microbial communities based on DNA extracted from soils, DGGE/TGGE can also be used for the assessment of the active part of the community based on the analysis of RNA-derived sequences or for the analysis of sequences of functional genes encoding for proteins involved in important soil processes.

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8

Willame, Raphaël Boutte, Stana Grubisic, Pierre Balthasart, Annick Wilmotte, and Lucien Hoffmann. "Seasonal cyanobacterial dynamics in a mesoeutrophic reservoir: microscopic counts and DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)." Algological Studies 129 (September 1, 2009): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2009/0129-0071.

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9

Nakatsu, C. H. "Soil Microbial Community Analysis Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis." Soil Science Society of America Journal 71, no. 2 (March 2007): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0080.

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10

Shi, L., G. Yan, Y. Fu, L. Ma, A. Penfornis, and D. Faustman. "Human TAP1 polymorphisms detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Tissue Antigens 49, no. 4 (April 1997): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02772.x.

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11

Lerman, L. S., K. Silverstein, and E. Grinfeld. "Searching for Gene Defects by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 51 (January 1, 1986): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1986.051.01.034.

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12

Wood, Gary S., and Ahmet Z. Uluer. "Polymerase Chain Reaction/Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR/DGGE)." American Journal of Dermatopathology 21, no. 6 (December 1999): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-199912000-00008.

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13

Gunn-Moore, D. A., F. J. Gunn-Moore, T. J. Gruffydd-Jones, and D. A. Harbour. "Detection of FCoV quasispecies using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Veterinary Microbiology 69, no. 1-2 (September 1999): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00100-5.

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14

Lee, Jung-Sook, Gun-Young Heo, Jun Won Lee, Yun-Jung Oh, Jeong A. Park, Yong-Ha Park, Yu-Ryang Pyun, and Jong Seog Ahn. "Analysis of kimchi microflora using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." International Journal of Food Microbiology 102, no. 2 (July 2005): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.12.010.

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15

Kshirsagar, Supriya G., Milind S. Patole, and Yogesh S. Shouche. "Insect cell line authentication by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 34, no. 9 (October 1998): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11626-998-0058-1.

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16

Gafan, G. P., V. S. Lucas, G. J. Roberts, A. Petrie, M. Wilson, and D. A. Spratt. "Statistical Analyses of Complex Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Profiles." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 3971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.43.8.3971-3978.2005.

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17

Børrseen, A. L. "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis: a tool in mutation analysis." Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 216, no. 1 (February 1989): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(89)90037-x.

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18

Cariello, Neal F., and Thomas R. Skopek. "Mutational analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and PCR." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 288, no. 1 (July 1993): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(93)90212-x.

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19

Satoh, Masaaki, and Yutaka Nakai. "Discrimination of Cryptosporidium species by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Parasitology Research 101, no. 2 (February 6, 2007): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0466-2.

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20

Zhang, J. Y., Y. L. Guan, L. Y. Ran, J. F. Li, W. Q. Ge, Y. Y. Xing, and X. G. Zhou. "Dynamics of soil Trichoderma spp. communities in cucumber monocropping system." Allelopathy Journal 52, no. 1 (January 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2021-52-1-1307.

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We monitored the dynamics of Trichoderma spp. communities in a cucumber monocropping system. Trichoderma spp. community structure and abundance were analyzed with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR, respectively. Results showed that long-term monocropping did not affect the Trichoderma spp. community structure as indicated by the number of bands, Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index of the PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile. Trichoderma spp. community structure abundance was the highest in the first cropping of cucumber. Our results suggested that changes in Trichoderma spp. communities may not be the causal agent of soil sickness in cucumber monocropping.

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21

Ham, Seung Hub, Suk Keun Lee, Hyon Sob Han, and Deuk Hee Jin. "DNA Heteropolymorphism of Chum Salmon Detected by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Real Time PCR." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 35, no. 5 (September 1, 2002): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2002.35.5.490.

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22

Gelfi, Cecilia, Sabina C. Righetti, Franco Zunino, Gabriella Della Torre, Marco A. Pierotti, and Pier Giorgio Righetti. "Detection of p53 point mutations by double-gradient, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Electrophoresis 18, no. 15 (1997): 2921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150181533.

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23

O'Callaghan, M., E. M. Gerard, G. H. J. Heilig, H. Zhang, T. A. Jackson, and T. R. Glare. "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis a tool for plant protection research." New Zealand Plant Protection 56 (August 1, 2003): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6056.

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Analysis of microbial communities associated with plants insects and soil has been a significant challenge for plant protection researchers because of the lack of techniques with which to access these populations A new molecular community profiling technique 16S rRNA genebased PCR followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) has been used to analyse microbial communities in a number of environments and has many potential uses in plant protection research The technique is currently being used for the analysis of insect gut microflora characterisation of phylloplane and rhizosphere microbial populations and in environmental assessment of the effects of biopesticides and new technologies on indigenous soil microbes

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24

Weber, Christoph K., Daniel J. Shaffer, and Charles L. Sidman. "Unexpected behavior of H2Kbmutant DNAs in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Nucleic Acids Research 19, no. 12 (1991): 3331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.12.3331.

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25

Portillo, M. C., D. Villahermosa, A. Corzo, and J. M. Gonzalez. "Microbial Community Fingerprinting by Differential Display-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 1 (November 12, 2010): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01316-10.

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ABSTRACTComplex microbial communities exhibit a large diversity, hampering differentiation by DNA fingerprinting. Herein, differential display-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis is proposed. By adding a nucleotide to the 3′ ends of PCR primers, 16 primer pairs and fingerprints were generated per community. Complexity reduction in each partial fingerprint facilitates sample comparison.

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26

Gejman, Pablo V., Qiuhe Cao, Françoise Guedj, and Steve Sommer. "The sensitivity of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis: a blinded analysis." Mutation Research/Mutation Research Genomics 382, no. 3-4 (May 1998): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5726(98)00002-8.

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27

Penfornis, Alfred, Gang Yan, Lijia Shi, and Denise L. Faustman. "Polymorphisms of human TAP2 detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Human Immunology 64, no. 1 (January 2003): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00687-0.

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28

Al-Mariri, A., L. Ramadan, and L. Al-Halab. "Detection of Listeria pathogens by gradient/constant denaturing gel electrophoresis." Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 21, no. 3 (2018): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.1059.

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29

Huber, Florian, and Peter Peduzzi. "Online Tool for Analysis of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Profiles." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 2004): 4390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.4390-4392.2004.

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ABSTRACT We present an online tool (EquiBands, http://www.univie.ac.at/IECB/limno/equibands/EquiBands.html ) that quantifies the matching of two bands considered to be the same in different samples, even when samples are applied to different denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis gels. With an environmental example we demonstrate the procedure for the classification of two bands of different samples with the help of EquiBands.

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30

Fink, John K., Michael L. Peacock, James T. Warren, Allen D. Roses, and Stanley B. Prusiner. "Detecting prion protein gene mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Human Mutation 4, no. 1 (1994): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380040106.

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31

Cariello, Neal F., James A. Swenberg, Alessandra De Bellis, and Thomas R. Skopek. "Analysis of mutations using PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 18, no. 4 (1991): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.2850180408.

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32

Scarpellini, Paolo, Sergio Braglia, Paola Carrera, Maura Cedri, Paola Cichero, Alessia Colombo, Rosella Crucianelli, Andrea Gori, Maurizio Ferrari, and Adriano Lazzarin. "Detection of Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Double Gradient-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 2550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.10.2550.

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ABSTRACT We applied double gradient-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DG-DGGE) for the rapid detection of rifampin (RMP) resistance fromrpoB PCR products of Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates and clinical samples. The results of this method were fully concordant with those of DNA sequencing and susceptibility testing analyses. DG-DGGE is a valid alternative to the other methods of detecting mutations for predicting RMP resistance.

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33

Li, Na, Honglin Zhang, Renmin Zhang, Zhiyu Bai, Zhimao Bai, Yuan Song, and Dongrui Zhou. "Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota in Autistic Patients by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2018.2622.

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To analyze the differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between the autistic and healthy children, we selected 45 autistic and 20 control children aged 2 to 9 years to collect their fecal samples. The total microbial genome DNA of each fecal sample was extracted, and the V3 regions of microbial 16S rRNA genes were amplified. The intestinal microbial composition of both study groups was detected by PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Quantity One and Biodap software were used to analyze the diversity and similarity of bacterial populations, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis profiles documented significant differences in the composition of intestinal microflora between the autism and control groups. Analysis of the excised bands demonstrated the abundance of bacteria species assigned to the genus Escherichia/Shigella in the gastrointestinal tract of the autism group but a low content in the control group. An opposite result was obtained for the Bacteroides genus. These data indicate that intestinal microbial composition may is correlated with the occurrence of the autism.

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34

Norimasa Tsuji, Sadaomi Sugimoto, Hitomi Nakama, and Hiroshi Maeda. "Analysis of microflora in dentinal tubule by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.2.0362.

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This study was performed to apply denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to microbiological examination of endodontic infections. The method was used to assess the bacterial communities in dentinal tubules. Samples were collected using #15, #35, and #60 K-type files from five infected root canals during treatment. Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) was extracted from the samples, and 16S ribosomal DNA was amplified by PCR using universal primers. The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) products were separated in the denaturing gel and band patterns were compared between the deep (#60 file) and superficial layers (#15 file) of the dentin. The major bands were then excised and DNA fragments in the gel were cloned and sequenced. The sequence data were subjected to BLAST search in the GenBank database for determination of bacterial species or closest relatives. In three root canals, similar band patterns were observed in both superficial and deep layers of the dentin, while several specific bands remained in the deep layer in two roots. The bacteria isolated from the deep layers were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Olsenella profuse, Atopobium rimae, and Prevotella, Flexistipes, Firmicutes, Peptostreptococcus, Dialister, and Eubacterium spp. Unlike previous studies, gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from the deep layers. Clone library analysis was simultaneously performed and similar results were obtained. The method utilized here will be useful for microbiological examination of endodontic infections. In addition, although it is still unknown whether they were viable, this study demonstrated the presence of gram-negative rods in dentinal tubules.

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35

Short, Steven M., and Curtis A. Suttle. "Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Resolves Virus Sequences Amplified with Degenerate Primers." BioTechniques 28, no. 1 (January 2000): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/00281bm02.

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36

NAKAGAWA, Tatsunori, and Manabu FUKUI. "Quantitative validity of microbial community profiling by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Japanese Journal of Limnology (Rikusuigaku Zasshi) 63, no. 1 (2002): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.63.59.

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37

Martynova-VanKley, A., A. Syvyk, I. Teplova, M. Hume, and A. Nalian. "Rapid Detection of Avian Eimeria Species Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis." Poultry Science 87, no. 9 (September 2008): 1707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00098.

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38

MIDDLETON, SIMON A., GUSTL ANZENBERGER, and LESLIE A. KNAPP. "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) screening of clones prior to sequencing." Molecular Ecology Notes 4, no. 4 (December 2004): 776–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00799.x.

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39

Knapp, L. A., E. Lehmann, L. Hennes, M. E. Eberle, and D. I. Watkins. "High-resolutionHLA-DRBtyping using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing." Tissue Antigens 50, no. 2 (August 1997): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02856.x.

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40

Blank, R. D., C. A. Sklar, and M. L. Martin. "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to diagnose multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.4.598.

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Abstract Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome caused by mutations in the RET protooncogene. Others have already demonstrated the value of genetic testing in known MEN 2 kindreds. Previously described approaches to DNA-level diagnosis, particularly of index cases, are tedious. We developed appropriate denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) conditions for analysis of exons 10, 11, and 16 of this gene, where many of the pathogenic mutations map. We screened 16 members of a three-generation MEN 2 kindred by DGGE and found five affected but still asymptomatic patients, ranging in age from 5 to 67 years. We used DGGE to localize the pathogenic mutations and screen at-risk individuals in several other kindreds. DGGE--which requires no radioactive, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent labeling--is ideally suited to the diagnosis of MEN 2 because of the syndrome's dominant genetics and the rarity of clinically silent variants in the RET gene.

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41

Zijnge, V., G. W. Welling, J. E. Degener, A. J. van Winkelhoff, F. Abbas, and H. J. M. Harmsen. "Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis as a Diagnostic Tool in Periodontal Microbiology." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 44, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 3628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00122-06.

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42

Hume, ME, LF Kubena, TS Edrington, CJ Donskey, RW Moore, SC Ricke, and DJ Nisbet. "Poultry digestive microflora biodiversity as indicated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Poultry Science 82, no. 7 (July 2003): 1100–1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.7.1100.

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43

Blom, Dirk J., Pamela Byrnes, Sheena Jones, and A. David Marais. "Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis for the diagnosis of dysbetalipoproteinemia." Journal of Lipid Research 44, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.d200013-jlr200.

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44

Dudley, C. R. K., L. A. Giuffra, and S. T. Reeders. "Polymorphism in the APNH gene, detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Nucleic Acids Research 18, no. 17 (1990): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.17.5326.

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45

Hanekamp, J. S., William G. Thilly, and M. Ahmad Chaudhry. "Screening for human mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Human Genetics 98, no. 2 (July 2, 1996): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050201.

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46

Johnson, P. H., and D. A. Hopkinson. "Detection of ABO blood group polymorphism by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." Human Molecular Genetics 1, no. 5 (1992): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/1.5.341.

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47

Temmerman, R., I. Scheirlinck, G. Huys, and J. Swings. "Culture-Independent Analysis of Probiotic Products by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 1 (January 2003): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.1.220-226.2003.

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ABSTRACT In order to obtain functional and safe probiotic products for human consumption, fast and reliable quality control of these products is crucial. Currently, analysis of most probiotics is still based on culture-dependent methods involving the use of specific isolation media and identification of a limited number of isolates, which makes this approach relatively insensitive, laborious, and time-consuming. In this study, a collection of 10 probiotic products, including four dairy products, one fruit drink, and five freeze-dried products, were subjected to microbial analysis by using a culture-independent approach, and the results were compared with the results of a conventional culture-dependent analysis. The culture-independent approach involved extraction of total bacterial DNA directly from the product, PCR amplification of the V3 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA, and separation of the amplicons on a denaturing gradient gel. Digital capturing and processing of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) band patterns allowed direct identification of the amplicons at the species level. This whole culture-independent approach can be performed in less than 30 h. Compared with culture-dependent analysis, the DGGE approach was found to have a much higher sensitivity for detection of microbial strains in probiotic products in a fast, reliable, and reproducible manner. Unfortunately, as reported in previous studies in which the culture-dependent approach was used, a rather high percentage of probiotic products suffered from incorrect labeling and yielded low bacterial counts, which may decrease their probiotic potential.

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48

Zaloudikova, B., M. Slany, and T. Freiberger. "P1412 Use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for polymicrobial sample analysis." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 29 (March 2007): S393—S394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71251-7.

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49

Cheng, Yan Fen, Qun Lan Zhou, Jun Xie, Xian Ping Ge, Wei-Yun Zhu, and Bo Liu. "Microbial community analysis in crab ponds by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 26, no. 5 (November 20, 2009): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0239-4.

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50

Gandrille, S., D. Borgel, V. Eschwege-Gufflet, M. Aillaud, M. Dreyfus, C. Matheron, P. Gaussem, JF Abgrall, B. Jude, and P. Sie. "Identification of 15 different candidate causal point mutations and three polymorphisms in 19 patients with protein S deficiency using a scanning method for the analysis of the protein S active gene." Blood 85, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.1.130.bloodjournal851130.

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To screen for point mutations causing protein S deficiency, we used a sequence of techniques specifically for the study of the protein S active gene, PS alpha. This strategy comprises amplification of exons and intron/exon junctions by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis of the amplified fragments in polyacrylamide gel containing a gradient of denaturing agents (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). Only fragments with altered melting behavior are sequenced after asymmetric PCR. Beside the frequent polymorphism already described on Pro 626, we detected 18 different sequence variations by studying exons II, IV, V, VIII, X, and XV in 19 of 100 consecutive patients with protein S deficiency. Fifteen were candidate causal mutations, 4 of which were associated with a qualitative deficiency (type IIa or IIb). The remaining three sequence variations were probably polymorphisms.

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