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Journal articles on the topic 'Demography – Economic aspects'
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1
Bo., N., D. Schwefel, R. Leidl, J. Rovira, and M. F. Drumond. "Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection." Population (French Edition) 46, no. 5 (September 1991): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533475.
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Dennison, Tracy K., and Sheilagh Ogilvie. "Institutions, Demography, and Economic Growth." Journal of Economic History 76, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050716000486.
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This article evaluates criticisms by Sarah G. Carmichael, Alexandra de Pleijt, Jan Luiten van Zanden, and Tine De Moor of our view of the European Marriage Pattern (EMP), and explains why their claims are incorrect. We elaborate our arguments concerning the institutional sources of economic growth, explore the relationship between women's position and the EMP, analyze the two-way links between demographic and economic behavior, and explicate aspects of our empirical analysis that these scholars find puzzling. The causes of European economic growth, we reiterate, are not to be found in the EMP but rather must be sought in the wider framework of nonfamilial institutions.
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Jordan, Nicholas. "Weed Demography and Population Dynamics: Implications for Threshold Management." Weed Technology 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00034540.
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Threshold weed management methods have recently been elaborated to consider effects of threshold management on weed population dynamics. Such economic optimum thresholds are calculated using population-dynamics models which require detailed information about weed demography, including seed production (as affected by events between germination and seed dispersal), seed dispersal, and seed survival and movement in soil. Factors affecting any of these aspects of demography appear likely to modulate the growth rate of a sub-threshold population and therefore to influence the economic optimum threshold value. To test this conjecture and evaluate weed threshold management, including associated risk, improved understanding is particularly needed of weed seed dispersal, seedbank processes, and unpredictable demographic variation.
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Somov, V. L., and M. N. Tolmachev. "Trends of Main Indicators of Business Demography." Voprosy statistiki 27, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-5-58-64.
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The article reveals some aspects of one of the latest trends in increasing the analytical capabilities of modern socio-economic statistics - the formation of business demography. The relevance of substantiating the statistical and methodological base for studying the processes of creation, stability and liquidation of economic entities is obvious due to the fact that such demographic characteristics of the life cycle of enterprises are increasingly becoming markers of the quality of the country’s economic development as a whole. The authors consider the main provisions of the methodology for the formation of business demography indicators in accordance with the Eurostat and OECD recommendations. Based on official Rosstat data, the dynamics of the rates of creation (birth rates) and liquidation (death rates) of organizations both in Russia as a whole and in federal districts and types of economic activity has been analyzed. Statistical analysis of business survey data indicates the inconsistency and variability of the business climate, the differentiation between regions and sectors of the economy in terms of business demography, as well as the manifestation of negative trends that have developed, according to the authors, in Russian entrepreneurship in recent three to four years. Thus, following substantive logic of the author’s conclusions: economic and statistical analysis based on a minimum set of indicators, including using methods of comparative interregional analysis, is very useful for making specific management decisions and choosing the priority of their implementation (depending on the characteristics of individual regions and the nature of the activities of economic entities), allowing to overcome a certain stagnation in the private enterprise sector.
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Bezverbny, Vadim, and Timur Miryazov. "DEPOPULATION OF GEOSTRATEGIC TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE MIRROR OF SPATIAL DEMOGRAPHY." Political Science (RU), no. 4 (2022): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2022.04.09.
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Actual problems of the geostrategic territories’ demographic development are remaining a serious challenge for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Demographic contraction, a drop in the birth rate and an outflow of the population lead to depopulation and desertification of key regions and hinder effective development and economic activity. Solving the most complex problems related to issues of spatial development requires the use of new theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of demographic processes in the territorial context, as well as modern tools for spatial analysis. The article deals with the current demographic problems of the geostrategic and border areas of Russian Federation through the prism of spatial demography, a scientific direction that is practically not represented in Russia. The main attention of the authors is paid to the study of definitions and methodological apparatus of spatial demography in foreign science. Differences in the subject of research between population geography, regional demography and spatial demography are considered. The author's definition of spatial demography, its subject and research approaches are formulated. The authors propose an alternative approach to the study of the problems of the demographic development of the territory, using methods of spatial analysis (including cartographic materials and GIS models). The paper presents both the theoretical aspects of the concept of «spatial demography» and the assessment of the current demographic situation of the geostrategic regions of the country based on the proposed methodology and mapping of key trends in the demographic development of Russia's geostrategic territories. The authors paid special attention to the study of demographic trends in the municipalities of the geostrategic territories of Siberia and the Far East in the context of their special geographical and resource potential, as well as the complexity of the demographic situation.
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Pineau, Marius, and Jik Jackson. "Social, Economic, and Institutional Aspects of Agro-Forestry." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 2 (1987): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/484390.
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Peri, Oded. "The Christian Population of Jerusalem in the Late Seventeenth Century: Aspects Of Demography, Economy, and Society." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 39, no. 4 (1996): 398–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520962601144.
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AbstractRegister 3643 of the Ottoman treasury records is a unique source for the study of the demography and the basic social and economic traits of the Christian population of Jerusalem in the latter part of the seventeenth century. It is a poll-tax collection report which differs from its seventeenth-century antecedents in that it was actually based on an updated census of the assessed population. As such, this census was probably the first taken in Jerusalem since the end of the sixteenth century. This probability as well as the rich statistical data recorded in the poll-tax register studied provide a peerless opportunity to reconstruct and sketch in real quantitative terms a demographic, social and economic profile of the Christian population of Jerusalem and its vicinity, as it may have existed in the late seventeenth century.
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Di Giulio, Paola, Anne Goujon, and Guillaume Marois. "The population aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 20 papers: an introduction." Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 20 (March 16, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.int01.
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The introduction to the 2022 Special Issue presents the 20 articles that discuss the demographic aspects and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It synthesises the main findings from the contributions, emphasising the demographic, social and economic characteristics that influenced the spread of infections and determined the number of deaths. We highlight the specific focus on measurement issues, often with a comparative framework across several countries, and at the regional level as well, both within and beyond Europe. We also summarise the impact of the measures imposed to contain the spread of the virus, such as lockdowns. Moreover, we explore the impact of the pandemic on the quality of relationships, the intention and the motivation to have children, and realised fertility. In addition, we present the authors’ broader reflections on the risks faced by different communities of individuals, and the potential consequences for their life trajectories, including in relation to other current risks that overlap with the pandemic (recent armed conflicts), and for the achievability of the Sustainable Development Goals themselves.
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Pietroń, Roman. "Demographic and economic aspects of the pension system in Poland — a dynamic modelling approach." Ekonomia 25, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.25.4.1.
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Demographic and economic aspects of the pension system in Poland —a dynamic modelling approachThe paper considers a hypothesis that some dynamic features of the Polish national and public pension system follow typical mental, generic and archetypal models, as a result of many demographic, macroeconomic, political and also global factors, particularly closed-loop feedback relations with delays and amplifi cations. There are some important messages in the paper for social insurance policies design, structures and management, the meaning of data mining and collection, and for model refi nement with modelling approaches in a systems’ thinking way. The shortcomings of national social insurance systems in dealing more eff ectively with upstream social insurance risk prevention in the population are systemic and include also a postulate to empower members of the population in order to involve them in their own, entrepreneurial downstream care. The paper contains a system dynamics SD point of view, as a method of macroscopic, continuous simulation modelling, to surface and explain some cycles and discrepancies between demography, policies, as well as the system’s aspects of the national pension system. The conceptual, formal and simulation model presented in the paper, followed by some experiments’ results, applies the SD method approach with causal loop diagrams CLD and stock-and-fl ow diagrams SFD, displaying delays, amplifi cations and structure cycle dynamics in the national pension system. Further research should concentrate on the detailed analysis of additional modelling requirements in order to conduct more profound multi-factor experiments to forecast and evaluate contemporary national politics, and to test some new concepts in social insurance.
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BIL, М. M. "Migration Mobility of the Population in Economic Research: Theoretical Aspects." Demography and social economy 1 (April 22, 2022): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2022.01.088.
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Migration issues need more extensive coverage in fundamental studies. One of the important tasks is to specify the conceptual and terminological apparatus of migration research and eliminate discussions in the migration thesaurus, in particular on the content of migration as a mobility form. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the content of migration mobility of the population as a fundamental economic category that forms the theoretical foundations of migration research with the separation of a new migration science. The scientific novelty is the substantiation of the basic provisions of migration studies and the specification of its migration thesaurus in terms of determining the content of migration mobility. The methodological basis of the study is a dialectical approach, abstract-logical method, method of systematization and generalization, the use of which allowed to formulate the basic provisions of migration and clarify its conceptual and terminological apparatus. The formation of migration studies is confirmed by the conclusions of leading economists and demographers. Migration studies accumulates knowledge, approaches to analysis and practical recommendations for migration regulation. Given the complexity of the migration essence, migration studies is formed as a science-interdisciplinary synthesis at the junction of socioeconomics, demography, spatial science and regional studies. The issues of migration studies develop the following directions: fundamental migration studies, which determines the basic provisions for understanding mig ration in the indicator-factor complex, based on migration theories, concepts, principles, mig ration terminology; analytical migration studies, which reveals the methodology of analyzing migration in terms of causes, conditions, trends; migration qualiology, which emphasizes the methodology of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the migration impact on various phenomena and processes. The main branches of migration studies are economic, demographic, social and political, the results of which comprehensively reveal the possibilities of solving the migration problem by ensuring a positive consequence for person, society and state. The development of migration research requires deepening and modernization of the methodology of migration analysis with the correct use of terminology. In the migration thesaurus there are a number of similar concepts, each of which has specifics. Based on terminological contra dictions, the main approaches to understanding migration as phenomenon, process, system, sign and form of mobility are generalized. The multifaceted concept of migration mobility of the population raises the scientific and practical value of its research. In this regard, the content of migration mobility is revealed, its spatio-temporal, causal and consequential characteristics in the context of the impact on human development are specified, and the prospects for improving methodological approaches to analyzing youth mobility are indicated.
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Singh, B. P. "North-East India: Demography, Culture and Identity Crisis." Modern Asian Studies 21, no. 2 (April 1987): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013809.
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The management of public affairs in northeast India has been in focus in the regional, national and world press in recent years. Much of the attention has been confined to insurgency, the ‘foreign nationals’ issue, tribal ‘uprisings’, ‘brutalities’ committed by the security forces, ‘involvement’ of foreign agencies in the area, political ‘horse-trading’ and floods. There has been no analysis of the economic, cultural and demographic factors which have acquired different nuances in the wake of the rapid modernization taking place in the region since the 1950s and which have a decisive say on the formulation of policies and the efficacy of institutions of governance in northeast India. This paper proposes to offer some facts and reflections on these aspects.
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Devedzic, Mirjana. "Gender inequalities from the demographic perspective." Stanovnistvo 44, no. 2 (2006): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0602065d.
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The paper analyzes the meaning of the phrase "the woman?s status in the society" that is recognized in demography as an important cultural factor of demographic development and transitional changes. The analysis indicates qualitative shifts in the woman?s status and simultaneously reveals its importance at present, not only in traditional, but also in modern and developed societies. On the other hand, it explains the importance of sex as a biodemographic determinant, and introduces the concept of gender that sheds another light on the concepts of sex and woman?s status in the society and integrates them. Gender regimes that subsume the inferiority of women in public and private social structures are examined from demographic perspective, albeit only in those phenomenological aspects that can be supported by demographic research, theories, and analyses. To this end, the paper analyzes the effects of strengthening gender equalities on the fertility and mortality transitions, the gender?s impact on the population distribution by sex in South Asian countries, and highlights the key role of gender in interpreting certain social and economic structures. It also stresses the establishing of gender equality as an important element of population policies. The global dimension of the patriarchal society is illustrated through a series of examples of demographic phenomena from various societies. Gender regimes underlie all of these phenomena. The paper puts foreword certain theoretical hypotheses about gender inequalities, and finds their connections with demographic behaviors and demographic indicators. Finally, it summarizes the role of demography in gender (in)equality research and the demographic perspective of the way and the speed the demographic equality is being established. Demography is seen as an irreplaceable discipline in examining gender inequalities, especially at the global level. With the advance of qualitative methods in demography and with its multidisciplinary nature, demography gets closer and closer to the field of "woman issues".
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Čapo, Jasna. "“Durable Solutions,” Transnationalism, and Homemaking among Croatian and Bosnian Former Refugees." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 31, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40139.
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This article proposes that the UNHCR-supported “durable solution” programs for former refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina and from Croatia were at odds with the actual exilic experiences of former refugees. It introduce homemaking as an essential aspect of a successful durable solution and proposes supplementing the usual ethno-politicized understandings of home in the specific context with analyses of the process of homemaking at different scales—house (dwelling), community (the wider space of settlement containing natural, cultural, social, and economic aspects) and nation. The article also argues that repatriation and local integration in the country of first asylum—two allegedly distinct and opposite solutions to refugee crises—should be viewed as intertwined processes within a broader transnational context. It is concluded that their combination brought a durable solution to refugee predicaments in the specific case.
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Długosz, Zbigniew, and Szymon Biały. "Selected aspects of permanent emigration from Poland (2001-2010)." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 23, no. 23 (March 1, 2014): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0002.
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AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to describe permanent emigration from Poland during the first decade of the 21st century. This period of time was characterised by major political and economic changes in Poland and elsewhere in the world. The paper is based on data obtained from the GUS Demographic Yearbook for the years prior to 2011. The spatial analysis in the paper is based on the current administrative division of Poland - voivodships. This includes the number of migrants and their demographic and social structure. Finally, the paper addresses the direction of migrant flow in terms of absolute numbers and rates of change.
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Boskovic, Aleksandar. "Anthropology and demography." Stanovnistvo 51, no. 2 (2013): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1302083b.
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The paper presents an outline of the relationship between anthropology and demography, sometimes depicted as "long, tortured, often ambivalent, and sometimes passionate." Although early anthropologists (primarily British social anthropologists) routinely made use of demographic data, especially in their studies of kinship, the two disciplines gradually drifted away from each other. The re-approachment took place from 1960s, and the last fifteen years saw more intensive cooperation and more insights about possible mutual benefits that could be achieved through combining of methodologies and revision of some theoretical assumptions, primarily through anthropological demography. As summarized by Laura Bernardi and Inge Hutter, "Anthropological demography is a specialty within demography that uses anthropological theory and methods to provide a better understanding of demographic phenomena in current and past populations. Its genesis and ongoing growth lies at the intersection of demography and socio-cultural anthropology and with their efforts to understand population processes: mainly fertility, migration, and mortality. Both disciplines share a common research subject, namely human populations, and they focus on mutually complementary aspects" (2007: 541). In the first part of the paper, the author presents some general considerations, like the one that "demography is one of the best understood and predictable parts of human behavior, even if demographers still find themselves unable to predict accurately when parameters will change in interesting ways, such as the ?the baby boom? or the shift to later childbeanng in the 1970s and 1980s North America" (Howell, 1986: 219). Nancy Howell also noted the importance of demographic anthropology, because, in her words "if we knew, reliably, the birth and death probability schedules of particular populations, we would know a great deal about their size, age composition, growth rate. And with just a little more information we would know a great deal more such as household and family composition, economic organization, social problems, and something of the political structure. It we knew the schedules for populations in general and could correlate the schedules with the causes, genetic or environmental, that produce them, we would know a great deal about the possible range of human social structure" (Howell, 1986: 219). In the second part of the paper, the author discusses several examples of interplay between anthropology and demography. One of them is Patrick Heady?s study of the shift in ritual patterns, which combines elements of some "classical" anthropological topics (Mauss?s theory of gift exchange and L?vi-Strauss?s concept of kinship) with his own field research in the Carnian Alps. "By marrying and raising children, parents participate in a system of gift-exchange in which the gifts in question are human lives, and the parties to the exchange are the kinship groups recognized in the society concerned. Fertility reflects the attitudes of prospective parents to their place in the existing system of reproductive exchange, and the relationships of cooperation and authority which it implies - as well as their confidence in the system?s continuing viability. It is shown that this view is compatible with earlier ideas about self-regulating population systems - and that changing economic circumstances are an important source of discrepancy between existing exchange systems and the attitudes and expectations of prospective parents" (Heady, 2007: 465). The paper concludes with the discussion of the directions in which relationship between these two disciplines can proceed. Some of the epistemological issues are mentioned, as well as a need to apply different theoretical perspectives to better understand demographic behavior (especially in Europe) and to better understand certain cultural components that shape this behavior. In order to achieve this, most of the scholars whose works are discussed in this paper emphasize "the need for a holistic approach to data collection and the added value of triangulating quantitative and qualitative analyses" (Bernardi, Hutter, 2007: 541).
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Malyasova, M. M. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT SEGMENTATION BASED ON THE PEST ANALYSIS METHOD." Vestnik of the Russian University of Cooperation, no. 1(43) (April 26, 2021): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52623/2227-4383-1-43-16.
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The article considers the importance and role of the business environment on the basis of generalization of theoretical and practical research. The purpose of the study is to analyze the business environment for different segments; identify indicators and characteristics of the business environment; study the impact of the business environment on the profitability of an economic entity. The essential characteristics of the business environment are considered, as well as the following segments of the business environment: economy, demography, technology and legal regulation. The most significant indicators and performance characteristics of each segment of the business environment are grouped. In the segment of the economy, indicators of trade turnover, average monthly income of the population were revealed; in the segment of demography – consumer behavior: in the segment of technology – the virtual possibilities of the functioning of the enterprise; in the segment of legal regulation – the political situation and events. The main research method was PEST analysis. To substantiate the macroeconomic indicators of the business environment, an expert assessment was applied. In conclusion, the author evaluates the cumulative impact of business environment segments on the functioning of the enterprise.
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Runge, Jerzy. "Katowice Region in the Light of the Selected Conceptions of Social-Economic Transformations." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 11, no. 11 (January 1, 2009): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-008-0019-1.
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Katowice Region in the Light of the Selected Conceptions of Social-Economic Transformations Taking into consideration all conceptions of economic and social development discussed here it should be concluded that-- non of the classical models of social transformation is represented in the Katowice region in homogeneous form. In fact, only modernisation (as it is a historical aspect) is most distinguished among others;-- it is possible that features typical for several models of economic or social transformations occur at the same time. This concerns spatial approaches.The consequence of frequent fragmentation of social-economic reality in numerous theoretical conceptions and proposals of restructuring changes is a narrow understanding of the research problems. It seems, therefore, that conceptions of social development created on the basis of sociology may be successfully applied in social geography. The condition here is not only taking into account spatial aspects but also the possibility of applying several models of transformations at the same time.
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Japutra, Bambang Rijanto, Ismoyowati Ismoyowati, and Novie Andri Setianto. "The Productivity of Non-AGP Broiler Small-Holder Businesses Based on Production, Economy and Social Demography." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 23, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.96.
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The study investigated the productivity of smallholder broiler farming with and without AGP to identify the difference between the utilization and absence of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) incorporated into the broiler feed based on production (feed efficiency and cumulative performance index), economy (farming capacity and income), and socio-demography (farmers’ education background, age, farming experience, and farming motivation) in Central Java Province. The study was conducted through a survey of broiler farmers in one partnership company. The data analysis included analysis of variance based on a stratified GLM (general linear model) and correlation analysis. The result did not identify significant differences in the production aspects in either AGP or non-AGP farming, among different regencies, and farm size. In 2018, when farms stop using the AGP, the farm production is better than in 2017 when the AGP was used. Based on the economic aspect, the AGP and non-AGP administration did not affect farming capacity and income. The socio-demographic aspect showed that education significantly affected the success of broiler farming, while farmers’ age, farming experience, and farming motivation did not affect the production of broiler farming. The result of correlation analysis showed that education background contributed to feeding efficiency and cumulative performance index. The conclusions are (1) broilers fed with either AGP or non-AGP containing feed showed relatively similar performance, (2) the government policy on the prohibition of AGP does not contribute to the decrease of farmers’ income and (3) the demographic aspect affecting the success of the broiler farming business is the farmers’ education level.
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Wahlbeck, Östen. "Entrepreneurship as Social Status: Turkish Immigrants’ Experiences of Self-Employment in Finland." Migration Letters 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v5i1.58.
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The article discusses the experiences of self-employment among immigrants from Turkey living in Finland. The immigrants are mainly active in the restaurant and fast food sector in Finland, primarily in small kebap and pizza businesses. The article argues that both economic and social aspects explain the experiences of self-employment. Despite economic hardship, the freedom and social status connected to entrepreneurship is highly valued. Self-employment provides a positive self-understanding and a good social status, which the immigrants from Turkey find it difficult to achieve by any other means in Finnish society
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Patterson, Sarah E., and Rachel Margolis. "The Demography of Multigenerational Caregiving: A Critical Aspect of the Gendered Life Course." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311986273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119862737.
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Multigenerational caregiving is important because it affects social and economic outcomes. Existing studies usually exclude theoretically and empirically important aspects—emotional care and horizontal care—that may systematically underestimate gender differences. In this study, we comprehensively describe caregiving by gender and age and examine how sensitive estimates are to the inclusion of directions and types of care. Using the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) in Europe (N = 114,147), we find that women are more likely to provide care than men across the life course, and gender gaps are largest during critical periods for human capital accumulation. Significant gender gaps in favor of more women providing care are found in most countries, especially when emotional caregiving is included, but in some countries, more men provide care at the oldest ages. These findings highlight how measuring caregiving well is critical to understanding the gendered life course.
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M. Shahalam, Abulbasher. "Review of Omani Aflaj Systems: an Element of National Water Resources,Technology and Economic Developments." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol6iss1pp1-14.
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The paper includes a comprehensive review of the various aspects: agriculture, soil, water resources and socio-economic concerns associated with the aflaj facilities within the Sultanate of Oman. From available literature, the author identified and presented factors that affect the viability and sustainance of this traditional, existing and unique system of water resources management. The system weakness and strength at the advent of modern technology, life-style and wealth were also identified. Technical data on demography, geography, soil, water, irrigation, crop-pattern and activities of organizations related to aflaj systems were summerized and illustrated in figures and tables.
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Suzuki, Nobue. "Carework and Migration: Japanese Perspectives on the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 16, no. 3 (September 2007): 357–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680701600303.
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This paper details the context of the reception of Filipino careworkers under the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement (JPEPA). Following the reduction in the deployment of Filipina/o entertainers in Japan since March 2005, the potential deployment of careworkers to Japan has generated much interest in the Philippines. However, many aspects of careworker migration are not well understood. The primary objective of this paper is thus to clarify the social conditions surrounding the JPEPA to better understand the various issues involved in carework in Japan. Towards this end, the paper discusses the following: the attempt of the state to reduce the costs of carework; state policies on foreign workers and the prospect of bringing in Filipino careworkers under the JPEPA; the responses of government institutions, medical and labor organizations to careworker migration; the process of careworker migration as provided in the JPEPA; and possibilities of cooperation between Filipinos already in Japan and incoming careworkers.
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Fonseca Travassos, Guilherme, Alexandre Bragança Coelho, and Mary Paula Arends-Kuenning. "The elderly in Brazil: demographic transition, profile, and socioeconomic condition." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 37 (October 28, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0129.
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This paper presents a revision about the elderly population in Brazil, addressing aspects of the demographic transition as it relates to socio-economic conditions and some consequences and trends associated with policies affecting Brazil’s elderly. Since a demographic transition has been occurring as a result of the aging of the Brazilian population, we identify a majority profile of Brazilian elderly as White women who live in urban areas in couple-without-children households, and possessing on average an education of 6.1 years and a smaller than minimum wage. We show that the vast majority of the elderly in Brazil receive some form of government income transfer that have a positive effect on poverty reduction in the segment. Finally, we show that there will be some future natural consequences and trends affecting the profile of the aging population, and that adjustments will need to be made by the government in terms of health and social security spending in order to mitigate the increased demands in these areas as the country's demographic change.
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Rosyid, Nur. "EKOLOGI POLITIK DAN DINAMIKA SOSIO-EKONOMI DI DATARAN TINGGI KABUPATEN PEMALANG, JAWA TENGAH." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v10i2.72.
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This paper explain the role of state in ecological aspects in the forming of socio economis dynamics in upland Pemalang District, especially in migration dynamic, the expansion and constriction of labours, and their negotiation to the ecological changes. So far, many scholars set out the demographic problems by the issues of poverty, inequality resources, increase of population, labour surplus, and so on. This causal explanation was lack in question on what kind of possibilities force those problems happened. The research has been done in the upland of Watukumpul, Pemalang, Central Java, try to understand how the upland demographical dynamics situated by political-economic and ecological forces. This area is suitable because of vast spreading in changing of farming system: from rice and glagah cultivation to cash crop of Albasia through the reforestation programs and Green campaign. By using quantitative and qualitative method and political ecology aproaches. I assume that the ecological changes are forced and situated by political economic state interventions through policies and environmental condition which both farmer and state negotiation be possible. The result show, there was a changing to develop the new rural econonomic (new plantation) and migration pattern as a part of farmer strategies concerning to the econ omic opportunities and state intervention through reforestation programs. These choices imply to the changing of farmers daily rutinities and their household production.Keyword: Demography, Political Ecology, Economic and Environmental Change, Farmer Strategies, Migration Pattern
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Penina, Olga. "REVIEW ON THE MONOGRAPH ”POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AFTER 30 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE”." Economy and Sociology, no. 1 (August 2022): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.1-11.
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The collective monograph “Population of the Republic of Moldova after 30 Years of Independence: Major Challenges and Policies Needed” is devoted to an exhaustive analysis of the population dynamics and the main demographic process in the light of socio-economic changes in the Republic of Moldova during the 30 years of independence. The authors underline that the process of depopulation associated with a rapid population ageing in Moldova cannot be solved solely by improving the country’s economic conditions. They consider that the reduction of migration, which is a key factor of depopulation in the country, is only possible with significant improvements in all aspects of people's lives. The recommendations addressed to policymakers are directly based on the results of the authors’ study, are clearly formulated and align with contemporary theoretical and practical concepts of demography. The monograph can be used as a guide for decision-makers in the process of developing and implementing public policies. One of the greatest strengths of the manuscript is the reliability of the statistical data used by the authors, including the own population estimates of the Centre for Demographic Research, which can sometimes differ significantly from officially published data.
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Babagana, Adamu Waziri. "Comparative Development of Indonesia and Nigeria in the First Two Decades of Democracy: Divergence or Convergence?" Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 14, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v14i12022p083.
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Indonesia and Nigeria are considered suitable candidates for comparative analysis because of their similarities in natural endowments and geographical attributes, demography, economic structure, sociocultural diversity, and political history. Indonesia began to achieve rapid growth in the 1980s while Nigeria did not. During that period, economic policies in the two countries diverged, and this led to sustained economic growth in Indonesia and prolonged economic decline in Nigeria. However, as the countries transitioned to democratic rule in 1999 following the collapse of authoritarian regimes, some aspects of their political and economic trajectories revealed a trend towards convergence. Using the descriptive comparison of secondary data, the researcher analyzed those converging paths and the areas where the divergence continues. The study concludes that despite exhibiting more signs of convergence and dealing with similar challenges, the impact of initial conditions is likely to influence the developmental efforts in Indonesia and Nigeria.
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Zhalelova, Gulzhan, Raushan Imanzhusip, and Tengesh Kalenova. "Kazakhstan Model of Interethnic Relations: Cultural Aspect." Migration Letters 19, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i5.2374.
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The purpose of this study is to critically examine the nature of interethnic interactions in the Republic of Kazakhstan through the lens of the cultural aspect at the institutional level, as well as to identify the model of interethnic relations in Kazakhstan. As research methods, the study involved diachronic and synchronistic methods corresponding to cultural studies, which allowed considering the current state of interethnic relations in the country by aspects and systemically, considering historical-geographical, socio-economic, cultural, and linguistic contexts. The study also employed a psychological approach, which allowed considering the development of interethnic relations from the standpoint of subjective cultural mechanisms. As a result, a descriptive model of interethnic relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan was formulated, and the study identified the crisis moments affecting the full-fledged development of coexisting ethno-religious microsociums, native people and immigrants, in the multilingual and multicultural system of the republic.
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Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati, Hafizianor Hafizianor, Muhammad Muhammad, and Hamdani Fauzi. "PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DI PERDESAAN HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT (Kajian Alih Guna Hutan Rawa Gambut Menjadi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Marabahan Kabupaten Barito Kuala)." EnviroScienteae 12, no. 3 (December 10, 2016): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v12i3.2451.
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The purposes of this study are to 1) study the history, process, and factors of the background of the conversion of wetland forests into palm oil plantations, 2) analyze the social changes that occur in the aspect of population (demography), which includes changes in population structure and processes of the population, 3) to analyze the social changes that occur in the socio-economic aspects of forest villagers concerning domestic economic conditions of the society and the contribution of forest resources to the community, 4) analyze the social changes that occur in the socio-cultural aspects of rural community that include the status and social roles, social stratification and social mobility. This research used a quantitative approach with the questionnaires which were analyzed by Wilcoxon Match Pairs, Differential test and quantitative analysis techniques Enumeration. This study was carried out in two villages: Antar Raya and Antar Jaya which are located in Marabahan, Kabupaten Barito Kuala. The results showed that: 1) the history and the process of changing over the peat swamp forests into oil palm plantations began to exist in both places since 2008. The peat boglands were converted into oil palm plantations which were formerly forests for public rice farming, and looking for Galam wood, rattan, and fish. The background factors of the function changes were among others: a) the untapped potential of peat swamp forests, so that local governments and entrepreneurs were willing to use the land, b) people who wanted to have more developed and prosperous lives; c) public expectations that the opening of employment opportunities as well as obtaining compensation or redressing land ownerships; 2) changes in society due to the conversion of the peat swamp forests into oil palm plantations, which caused social changes occur in the aspect of population (demographics); 3) social changes that occurred in the socio-economic aspects, among others: a) the state of the economy of the forest village communities; b) the role of forest resources for the community; 4) social changes that occurred in the socio-cultural aspects, namely a change occurs in status and social role, changes also occurred in the social stratification, and changes also occurred in the social mobility of families.
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Asis, Maruja M. B. "Overseas Employment and Social Transformation in Source Communities: Findings from the Phillippines." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 4, no. 2-3 (June 1995): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689500400208.
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International labor migration has been a persistent feature of Philippine society since the 1970s. While the economic impact of overseas employment has been found to be generally beneficial to families and households, social impact of the phenomenon is less understood. Social transformation in four communities which have experienced large-scale and sustained international labor migration is discussed in the article. Economic prosperity for these communities, particularly for the families with migrant work was the most significant and most tangible impact attributed to oven employment. The negative aspects of overseas employment were related to perceptions of family problems and changes in the character of migrant and members of their families. In general, the nonmaterial changes triggered by overseas employment are still evolving, and changes in social forms or actors filling social roles are not necessarily to be viewed as negative effects of migration.
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Mihajlovski, Goran. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MACEDONIA FROM ASPECTS OF EMPLOYMENT AND MIGRATION MOVEMENTS OF THE POPULATION." Knowledge International Journal 32, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij320147m.
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Sustainable development, with emphasis on the employment rate of the population and their migration movement is a global concept that faces every country in the world in general, in order to ensure continuous improvement of the quality of life by ensuring sustainable development for both current and future generations.The realization of this goal means creating a stable economy with full and highly qualified employment, quality health care, stable social security, environmental protection, reduced migration movement, in order to provide a peaceful and safe world.Based on that, Europe's determination to participate actively in the global process of sustainable development, highlighted at the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Conference, resulted in the adoption of the EU's first strategy for sustainable development (GOR) in Gothenburg, 2001 and revised in 2006 by the European Commission.The main goal of the strategy for socioeconomic sustainable development is to establish a set of measures and activities that will enable continuous improvement of the life of the present and future generations by creating sustainable communities capable of managing and effectively using natural resources.So the key objectives of the European strategy for sustainable socio-economic development relating to environmental protection, social equity and economic prosperity, based on this the main challenges in terms of socio-economic development in terms of the employment rate and the migration movements that are imposed are: Social inclusion, demography and migration - improvement of living conditions as a precondition for lasting individual well-being as well as Global poverty and facing the challenges of sustainable development - poverty reduction, active promotion of sustainable development and ensuring consistency of internal and external policies with global sustainable development and undertaken international obligations.In fact, the aim of this paper is to give a brief conceptual overview of the impact of statistical indicators on the employment rate and migration movements of the population on the socio-economic development of the country.
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Stojimirović, Maja, and Jasna Veljković. "Socio-economic aspects of the youth mental health in Belgrade in the context of strategic culture." Vojno delo 72, no. 4 (2020): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2004263s.
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Mental health of people is an important individual and social resource, especially in the modern Serbian society, which has problems with demography. Without full mental health, a person is not aware of himself and his abilities, and he cannot develop to his full capacity. Therefore, a person cannot contribute to his own well-being, and also be a productive member of the social community. It is the basis of well-being, both for individuals and a healthy society, as well as one of the sources of strategic culture. The existence of awareness of the mental health problems of the nation, especially the young population, is a segment of strategic culture. There are many factors that affect mental health, and the three main ones are biological, psychological and social factors. Only if we take into account the interaction of these three factors we can talk about mental disorder as a phenomenon. Our goal is to gain the insight into those social, sociological, economic and psychological factors that can produce negative consequences for mental health, in this case the occurrence and development of neurotic disorders in the population of young people in Belgrade. This paper presents the data from the study conducted in 2013, which dealt with socio-economic aspects of neurotic disorder in the youth population in Belgrade. The general goal of the research is to determine which economic and (or) social factors can influence the occurrence of neurotic disorders to these young people. The findings of the research indicate that young people who suffer from neurotic disorders are materially and psychologically dependent on their parents. In the families of the respondents, there is a strong psychological mutual connection, especially in the relationship between the respondent and their mothers. When it comes to family members, the mother is the mainstay of financial, moral and counseling support for the respondents. Psychological dependence on emotional objects of security is one of the important features of neurotic disorder, and in our country it represents a typical pattern of behavior, a culture-based relationship between parents and children.
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Castro, Miguel. "Emigration, Sense of Belonging—A Didactic Experiment through Cinema." Proceedings 2, no. 21 (October 30, 2018): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2211356.
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Since the first decades of the twentieth century, Portugal has affirmed itself as an emigration country. This social, political, economic and demographic phenomenon has consequences, which have always been approached in a general way, neglecting the personal side and identity aspects that the displacement causes at an individual and family level. In long duration emigration, there is usually a paradoxical feeling of non-belonging/belonging to two spaces. On the one hand, already integrated in the new reality, the individual feels that to a certain extent they belong to the new space. However, in their identity memory, the culture and way of life of their nationality, region or place still exists. This dilemma of (non)belonging is relatively abstract to convey to students, when we work the demographic phenomenon. We used a recent film—The Golden Cage, released by the son of Portuguese emigrants—where this feeling of belonging is represented, under ‘the cover’ of a comedy. We showed the film to a group of Demography and Sociology students and had them explore this phenomenon. The results were extremely positive.
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Tshikolomo, Khathutshelo A., Azwihangwisi E. Nesamvuni, Marema Petja, Johan Van Niekerk, and Ndivhudza S. Mpandeli. "Livestock Farmer Demography and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change and Variability in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Province of South Africa." Technium Social Sciences Journal 27 (January 8, 2022): 870–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5297.
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The study investigated the demographic characteristics of smallholder livestock farmers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Province of South Africa and their effect on the capacity of the farmers to adapt to climate change and variability. Respondents were mainly heads (58.7%) and parents (25.7%) to heads of households and were mostly male (63.4%) with good health (97.8%) associated with high adaptive capacity to climate change and variability. Regarding socio-economic status, four in five (81.5%) of the livestock farmers had only secondary education at most, and incomes were generally low, probably associated with low capacity to adapt to climate change and variability. On the contrary, the quality of housing for the livestock farmers was either top (48.5% of farmers) or medium (47.4%). Some 45.9% of farmers owned 4 to 5 rooms, 44.5% owned six or more rooms, with 88.5% of them having financed their houses. Almost all the respondents (97.3%) had access to electricity, and these suggest the high capacity to adapt to climate change and variability. With regards to aspects of livestock farming, one male (40.1% of households) and female (39.3%) member was fit to work in farming, livestock was owned by heads (52.9% of the households) and by children (29.0%), affirming the high capacity to adapt to climate change and variability. Almost all respondents (99.2%) used communal land, had fewer livestock, lacked training (99.5%), never belonged to a farmers’ union (99.7%) or a producer organization (100.0%), and had no access to financial support from the government (99.2%) associated with low adaptive capacity. The findings of the study revealed that demographic factors had different influences on the capacity of smallholder livestock farmers to adapt to adverse effects of climate change and variability on the farming enterprises. This was true for all the three types of demographic factors studied, namely: personal characteristics, economic status, and aspects of livestock farming.
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Gorenflo, L. J. "Changing Regional Demography in the Federated States of Micronesia: Contrasting Planning Challenges in an Emerging Pacific Nation." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110123.
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Island nations consisting of small landmasses separated by large expanses of ocean face particularly severe challenges in their quest for economic and social development. In this paper, planning concerns in one such nation, the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), are examined. The study opens with a description of each of the four separate states in the FSM, emphasizing their geographical, historical, and cultural characteristics. Regional aspects of FSM development are then examined by a statistical analysis of the geographical distribution of population in the individual states. Strategies are explored to incorporate rural outer islands found in three states, as outlined in the first two FSM national plans. The study concludes with an assessment of the regional challenge of developing the FSM into an economically and culturally sustainable nation.
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Poot, Jacques. "Adaptation of Migrants in the New Zealand Labor Market." International Migration Review 27, no. 1 (March 1993): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700106.
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This article addresses economic aspects of New Zealand immigration during the 1980s. General features are overall net emigration coinciding with high levels of immigration from Asia and Pacific Island countries. Earnings by years in New Zealand profiles for immigrants with selected occupations are steeper for Pacific Island-born males than for other immigrant groups. Although there are few data, there is some evidence that profiles differ between cohorts. Since the level of controlled immigration is likely to be increased and the perceived labor market outcomes are an input in the selection criteria, further research is needed.
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Masom, Grant. "Not fit for Humans? Social and Economic Change in Slough 1919–1951." Local Population Studies, no. 97 (December 31, 2016): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps97.2016.44.
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In the 25 years after the First World War, Slough's population quadrupled from 16,397 to 66,471, transforming it from an insignificant market town into the fastest growing industrial town in southern England. Aggressive expansion of the country's first private sector 'trading estate' provided employment that attracted tens of thousands of voluntary migrants from the distressed areas and elsewhere. Growth placed huge demands on local authorities, resulting in largely unplanned and uncoordinated urban development, with accompanying social challenges and a diminished sense of civic identity. Whether this represented an economic miracle or a demographic blight divided opinion: while Betjeman condemned it as unfit for human habitation, The Times commended Slough as 'a smart and prosperous centre of industry'. The positive and negative aspects of its growth influenced planners of the post-war era of nationalisation and other centralised initiatives.
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Montgomery, J. Randal. "Components of Refugee Adaptation." International Migration Review 30, no. 3 (September 1996): 679–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000302.
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This article explains the need to improve research methods in studies of how Third World refugees cope with resettlement in the First World. Research on refugee adjustment (e.g., psychological and family dynamics) and adaptation (e.g., sociocultural-economic measures) indicates that these dependent variables are not unidimensional or homogeneous. Rather, adjustment and adaptation may have several components which each require unique sets of causal variables and contributory factors to be identified. Subjective aspects of adjustment and adaptation are important and can sometimes have opposite effects on objective measures of adjustment and adaptation. Conflicting findings in the literature suggest interaction effects among predictor variables, which are thus not “independent” variables.
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Bonaciu, Gabriel. "European Rural Area and the Concept of Rural Development. Interdisciplinary perspectives." Analele Universității din Oradea. Seria: Relații Internaționale și Studii Europene 2022 (2020): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.58603/xhsp3440.
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The rural space is not a material and uniform space. Uniformity can be considered in two aspects: the first is related to physical space - topography, basement, soil and microclimate; the second refers to demography - density, polarization from small communities to large urban areas. Through this article, we propose a conceptual analysis of rural Europe from the perspective of five disciplines: historical, geographical, sociological, political and functional economic. The purpose of this conceptual analysis, in which the literature has been used, is to understand the evolution of European rural space and rural development in the context of the transformations to which it has been subjected
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Bhimji, Fazila. "Supporting Searchers’ Desire for Emplacement in Berlin: Informal Practices in Defiance of an (Im)mobility Regime." Migration Letters 18, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i2.1182.
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The article traces the ways in which refugees in precarious legal and economic circumstances in Lagers (refugee camps) in Germany participate in informal practices to reverse their displaced positions. More specifically, the paper demonstrates how refugees work in conjunction with a Berlin-based solidarity group in order to find access to informally organized housing outside of the formal bureaucratic state system. The study shows that refugees’ engagement with informal structures must be understood as struggles towards emplacement and formality. Much scholarship has discussed the economic aspects of informality in the global South and post-socialist countries. However, there is little discussion on how refugees may engage in informal practices within the nation-state in order to find emplacement and achieve formality. The article additionally demonstrates how informal acts are co-produced between citizens and refugees in the process of searching and offering of living places outside state defined formal systems. Thus, informality needs to be understood as resistance against displacement, struggles towards emplacement and formality. The study draws on ethnographic data and on-going participation in a Berlin-based grassroots group, Schlafplatzorga, which supports refugees on an informal level with temporary accommodation.
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Kovalev, S. P., E. R. Yashina, L. A. Khodyreva, P. S. Turzin, and K. E. Lukichev. "Organizational aspects of the system of medical support for employees of large industrial companies." REMEDIUM 26, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/1561-5936-2022-26-4-325-330.
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The development and implementation of a set of measures to preserve and strengthen the health of the working population in our country is carried out within the framework of the national projects «Health» and «Demography», the federal project «Strengthening public Health» and others. In order to determine the features of medical provision of professional health of employees of domestic industrial companies, a special study was carried out. The analysis of current regulatory legal documents regulating the system of medical provision of professional health of employees of various enterprises was carried out. The objectives, structure, medical management of industrial healthcare, as well as its main organizational and socio-economic models, both based on the departmental healthcare system and outsourcing, are considered. The advantages and limitations of using these models and possible risks were identified, while it turned out that at present the system of medical support for employees of large industrial companies is not unified and combines its own medical organizations (divisions) and health centers with elements of outsourcing and public-private partnership. However, it has been revealed that at present, in the domestic outsourcing market, the risks of transferring the medical support system of employees to the management of third-party medical organizations exceed the potential benefits. In addition, the results of studying the market of medical services for the minimum necessary types of medical work defined by the requirements of the legislation per employee showed that outsourcing of medical services does not provide economic advantages. Therefore, the most rational is the further development of a multi-stage system of providing medical care to employees of enterprises, including using public-private partnerships and innovative medical technologies, primarily high-tech and telemedicine. Along with this, it is necessary to develop a legislative and regulatory legal framework justifying the organization of medical support systems for employees of enterprises of various forms of ownership, as well as to develop motivational and economic approaches aimed at increasing the investment interest of industrial companies in this socially determined activity.
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Hundt, David. "Residency without citizenship: Korean immigration and settlement in Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196819832772.
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This article focuses on the changing quality of citizenship in Australia, which is the idealized end-point of the process of immigration, by drawing on the experience of Korean immigrants. In the formal ( political) dimension of citizenship, the article shows that Koreans fare comparatively poorly. They are less likely to be citizens than most other groups of immigrants, due to factors such as the lateness of Korean immigration. The article also analyzes the social dimension of citizenship among Koreans in Australia, and their disappointing socio-economic outcomes. Korean immigrants, I argue, enjoy residency without citizenship, and their experience illustrates how the promise of Australian citizenship has eroded. This is a significant finding, given the prominent role that immigration has played in shaping all aspects of contemporary Australia.
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Low, Linda. "Migration and Singapore: Implications for the Asia Pacific." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300203.
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A crude hypothesis is that the wider the spatial inequalities in wages and incomes, accompanied by trade, capital and technology flows and globalization, the more significant is migration. The challenge in the Asia Pacific region is to unravel and synthesize the sociopolitical, legal and institutional aspects with the help of better theoretical and empirical inputs. This case study of Singapore shows that it has managed to balance sociopolitical sensitivities with economic and even demographic objectives. However, the model is not easy to replicate as the control mechanisms combine levies and quotas for foreign workers and strictly meritocratic criteria for emigrants. The policy implications and recommendations include more research and cooperation to strengthen the statistics and information and more government-to-government effort to regulate and expedite migration.
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Bashford, Alison. "Nation, Empire, Globe: The Spaces of Population Debate in the Interwar Years." Comparative Studies in Society and History 49, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 170–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417507000448.
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There are several analytical strands through which historians and demographers understand the evolution of twentieth-century population politics and expertise. One is the history of the declining birthrate, nationalism, pro-natalism, and modern degeneration anxieties, including histories of eugenics. A second strand is the story of global overpopulation, its mobilization as a mid-twentieth-century issue in Cold War politics, the dominance of the idea of demographic transitions and political economy, and subsequent links between aid, development, family planning, and various international agencies. A third is the history of reproductive and bodily rights, feminism, and birth control, which has been analyzed with respect to the history of technology, the history of colonialism and neo-colonialism, the history of nationalism, and to some extent the history of internationalism. The political economy aspects of the population question tend chronologically to bookend the feminist narrative, with Malthus at the late eighteenth-century end and Cold War political economy of third world development at the twentieth-century end. A fourth strand is a burgeoning intellectual history of demography, social science, and economic theory.
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Šimunić, Nikola, and Ivan Brlić. "Senjsko parobrodarstvo i socioekonomske prilike na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće." Geoadria 19, no. 1 (June 23, 2014): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.40.
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The authors of the paper examine the historical and geographical aspects of the emergence, development and decline of Senj’s steam-shipping as the crucial element of the overall social and economic progress of Senj at the turn of the 20th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, owing to the special city autonomy and the modern road connections, the Port of Senj was one of the most important maritime trading centres of the Croatian Littoral and the entire Adriatic in general, and its residents were important participants in social, economic and political turmoil of that time. Steam-shipping development has surely provided the residents of Senj a good market position in the times of demanding economic circumstances. The work also analyses important causes of weakening of Senj's economy, which during the period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia isolated the city from the dominant maritime and economic processes, thus heavily influencing the city's socioeconomic situation.
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Šimunić, Nikola, and Ivan Brlić. "Senjsko parobrodarstvo i socioekonomske prilike na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće." Geoadria 19, no. 1 (April 20, 2014): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.41.
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The authors of the paper examine the historical and geographical aspects of the emergence, development and decline of Senj’s steam-shipping as the crucial element of the overall social and economic progress of Senj at the turn of the 20th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, owing to the special city autonomy and the modern road connections, the Port of Senj was one of the most important maritime trading centres of the Croatian Littoral and the entire Adriatic in general, and its residents were important participants in social, economic and political turmoil of that time. Steam-shipping development has surely provided the residents of Senj a good market position in the times of demanding economic circumstances. The work also analyses important causes of weakening of Senj's economy, which during the period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia isolated the city from the dominant maritime and economic processes, thus heavily influencing the city's socioeconomic situation.
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Devisscher, Purdey. "Legal Migration in the Relationship between the European Union and ACP Countries: The Absence of a True Global Approach Continues." European Journal of Migration and Law 13, no. 1 (2011): 53–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181611x553655.
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AbstractFor a long time, the relationship between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) was characterized by the focus on trade issues. In recent years however, other policy aspects have emerged, amongst which migration. This evolution results from the gradual recognition of the importance of migration in the Union’s external relations. The mainstreaming of migration in the relations with third countries raised the need for a Global Approach to Migration (2005) connecting illegal and legal migration, as well as introducing a positive migration-development nexus. The acknowledgement of a possible positive contribution of legal migration ‐ if well managed ‐ for developing countries, has resulted into new concrete initiatives such as circular migration, mobility partnerships and the Blue Card Directive. A closer look at the policy frameworks, as well as specific measures demonstrate however, that a true comprehensive approach is a long way from home. It is examined if the specific EU-ACP relationship offers a different point of view and effectively makes migration work for the development of both parties. More specifically, do the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) correspond to the abovementioned goal? A comprehensive and coherent legal framework that unites the interests of the Union and its Member States, on the one hand, and those of the developing countries, on the other hand, seems a distant perspective. It is concluded that ambitious policy objectives have been set and are waiting to be addressed by corresponding policy frameworks and legal commitments.
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Gspurning, Josef. "Selected aspects of the lifeworld of young women illustrated by the district of south-eastern Styria." Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 72, no. 3 (2022): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2203291g.
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The worldwide trend of migration from the peripheral rural areas (?rural exodus?) to the central areas of a region raises the question of how to deal with it in some regions of Austria. On the one hand, the loss of population always represents a loss of importance for a municipality, whereas on the other hand, a strong influx puts a strain on the central areas and the increased land consumption poses a challenge for the environment and spatial planners. Depending on the region, this can have various causes, whereby specific pull factors of the central areas as well as a set of push factors of the surroundings are relevant. Within the framework of a study lasting several years and using a mix of selected methods, an attempt was made to work out or characterize those aspects of the female rural lifeworld that represent the decisive factors for shaping the further life paths of women. In this context, the economic structure and organization proved to be particularly important factors for successful economic and land use development, sufficient natural resources, and environmental quality for housing and quality of life as well as a potential for a leisure economy, good accessibility, and infrastructure in terms of transport development and information and telecommunication technologies (distance to the higher-level economic centers is a significant obstacle to development). Finally, cultural values, social trends, and human capital with the existing gender-specific role patterns also play a certain role in the consideration of migration.
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Adiev, Aslanbek Z. "The impact of internal and external migration on demography, economy and interethnic relations in the Republic of Dagestan." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 11, no. 1 (2020): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2020.11.1.630.
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This article, based on data from an expert survey, describes and interprets data from statistical observations together with the results of a mass survey conducted in the Republic of Dagestan, which was undertaken in order to study the regional characteristics of internal (within the country) and external (international) migration. It was discovered that regional migration processes, as perceived by the masses in Dagestan, reflect the statistical data, which shows a mechanical decline in the population due to a migratory exchange with other regions within the country, as well as a minor influx of migrant workers from nearby foreign countries. The main directions of internal migration for Dagestan’s residents appear to be highly developed in terms of their socio-economic situation regions such as Moscow and the cities of West Siberia. The material from the expert survey allows for meaningfully interpreting the characteristics of how such a factor as migration affects the demographic, socio-economic and sociopolitical aspects of life in Dagestan. Dagestan’s people’s firmly established outlook on the positive influence of migration on the region’s socio-economic situation, which supposedly decreases tension on the local labor market, is complemented by a notion that preserving such a tendency would create demographic risks in the long term such as aging of the population and a decrease in the birthrate. The majority of Dagestan’s residents are not yet concerned with the influx of immigrants, with the local population showing a high degree of tolerance in regards to external migrants. The article argues that such a tolerant and friendly attitude towards migrants has to do with both the modest amount of non-transit migrants in Dagestan and the fact that they tend to be similar to most peoples of Dagestan in terms of their socio-cultural profile, them being ethnic Muslims. Regardless, the demand for the government to implement measures aimed at the social adaptation and cultural integration of migrants (mainly teaching said migrants the Russian language and basic information on Russian legislation) is present even in Dagestan’s society, which is accustomed to ethnical and confessional diversity.
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Kim, Won Bae. "Regional Interdependence and Migration in Asia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 4, no. 2-3 (June 1995): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689500400209.
Full textAbstract:
The 1980s witnessed increasing regional interdependence in Asia through trade and investment. Increasing flows of labor within the region, however, raise questions about three important issues: (1)the assumption that trade, investment and aid will eventually mitigate migration pressure in source countries and the effectiveness of migration policies based on that assumption; (2)whether increasing regional interdependence stimulates or deters migration; (3)the effect of rising interdependence on the political and international relations aspects of migration. As a partial attempt to address these questions, this article examines the regional pattern of economic interdependence by utilizing information concerning trade, investment and migration flows. The concept of interdependence/dependence is discussed within a political context, focusing on migration and policy responses to it. Observations are made on the implications for regional stability and development.
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García, Fernando Almeida. "Tourism policy and territorial imbalances in Spain." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 22, no. 22 (December 1, 2013): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0027.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper aims to analyse Spanish tourism policy and its relation to a series of facts. The research combines an extensive review of the existing studies into the aspects of tourism policy linked to government, geography and economy with an examination of statistical sources. The main issues and findings analysed in this study are highlighted below. Firstly, the evolution of tourism policy of Spain in the last 60 years in relation to the process of national economic development is analysed. Secondly, a limited role of tourism on economic and territorial balance as well as changes in the regional distribution in the supply of hotel accommodation is highlighted. Thirdly, territorial changes related to the supply of hotel accommodation and GDP per capita are discussed. Finally, certain topics are suggested for future debate: tourism and imbalance as well as tourism and development.