Academic literature on the topic 'Demography – Economic aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Demography – Economic aspects"
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Bo., N., D. Schwefel, R. Leidl, J. Rovira, and M. F. Drumond. "Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection." Population (French Edition) 46, no. 5 (September 1991): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533475.
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Dennison, Tracy K., and Sheilagh Ogilvie. "Institutions, Demography, and Economic Growth." Journal of Economic History 76, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050716000486.
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This article evaluates criticisms by Sarah G. Carmichael, Alexandra de Pleijt, Jan Luiten van Zanden, and Tine De Moor of our view of the European Marriage Pattern (EMP), and explains why their claims are incorrect. We elaborate our arguments concerning the institutional sources of economic growth, explore the relationship between women's position and the EMP, analyze the two-way links between demographic and economic behavior, and explicate aspects of our empirical analysis that these scholars find puzzling. The causes of European economic growth, we reiterate, are not to be found in the EMP but rather must be sought in the wider framework of nonfamilial institutions.
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Jordan, Nicholas. "Weed Demography and Population Dynamics: Implications for Threshold Management." Weed Technology 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00034540.
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Threshold weed management methods have recently been elaborated to consider effects of threshold management on weed population dynamics. Such economic optimum thresholds are calculated using population-dynamics models which require detailed information about weed demography, including seed production (as affected by events between germination and seed dispersal), seed dispersal, and seed survival and movement in soil. Factors affecting any of these aspects of demography appear likely to modulate the growth rate of a sub-threshold population and therefore to influence the economic optimum threshold value. To test this conjecture and evaluate weed threshold management, including associated risk, improved understanding is particularly needed of weed seed dispersal, seedbank processes, and unpredictable demographic variation.
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Somov, V. L., and M. N. Tolmachev. "Trends of Main Indicators of Business Demography." Voprosy statistiki 27, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-5-58-64.
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The article reveals some aspects of one of the latest trends in increasing the analytical capabilities of modern socio-economic statistics - the formation of business demography. The relevance of substantiating the statistical and methodological base for studying the processes of creation, stability and liquidation of economic entities is obvious due to the fact that such demographic characteristics of the life cycle of enterprises are increasingly becoming markers of the quality of the country’s economic development as a whole. The authors consider the main provisions of the methodology for the formation of business demography indicators in accordance with the Eurostat and OECD recommendations. Based on official Rosstat data, the dynamics of the rates of creation (birth rates) and liquidation (death rates) of organizations both in Russia as a whole and in federal districts and types of economic activity has been analyzed. Statistical analysis of business survey data indicates the inconsistency and variability of the business climate, the differentiation between regions and sectors of the economy in terms of business demography, as well as the manifestation of negative trends that have developed, according to the authors, in Russian entrepreneurship in recent three to four years. Thus, following substantive logic of the author’s conclusions: economic and statistical analysis based on a minimum set of indicators, including using methods of comparative interregional analysis, is very useful for making specific management decisions and choosing the priority of their implementation (depending on the characteristics of individual regions and the nature of the activities of economic entities), allowing to overcome a certain stagnation in the private enterprise sector.
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Bezverbny, Vadim, and Timur Miryazov. "DEPOPULATION OF GEOSTRATEGIC TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE MIRROR OF SPATIAL DEMOGRAPHY." Political Science (RU), no. 4 (2022): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2022.04.09.
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Actual problems of the geostrategic territories’ demographic development are remaining a serious challenge for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Demographic contraction, a drop in the birth rate and an outflow of the population lead to depopulation and desertification of key regions and hinder effective development and economic activity. Solving the most complex problems related to issues of spatial development requires the use of new theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of demographic processes in the territorial context, as well as modern tools for spatial analysis. The article deals with the current demographic problems of the geostrategic and border areas of Russian Federation through the prism of spatial demography, a scientific direction that is practically not represented in Russia. The main attention of the authors is paid to the study of definitions and methodological apparatus of spatial demography in foreign science. Differences in the subject of research between population geography, regional demography and spatial demography are considered. The author's definition of spatial demography, its subject and research approaches are formulated. The authors propose an alternative approach to the study of the problems of the demographic development of the territory, using methods of spatial analysis (including cartographic materials and GIS models). The paper presents both the theoretical aspects of the concept of «spatial demography» and the assessment of the current demographic situation of the geostrategic regions of the country based on the proposed methodology and mapping of key trends in the demographic development of Russia's geostrategic territories. The authors paid special attention to the study of demographic trends in the municipalities of the geostrategic territories of Siberia and the Far East in the context of their special geographical and resource potential, as well as the complexity of the demographic situation.
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Pineau, Marius, and Jik Jackson. "Social, Economic, and Institutional Aspects of Agro-Forestry." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 2 (1987): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/484390.
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Peri, Oded. "The Christian Population of Jerusalem in the Late Seventeenth Century: Aspects Of Demography, Economy, and Society." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 39, no. 4 (1996): 398–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520962601144.
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AbstractRegister 3643 of the Ottoman treasury records is a unique source for the study of the demography and the basic social and economic traits of the Christian population of Jerusalem in the latter part of the seventeenth century. It is a poll-tax collection report which differs from its seventeenth-century antecedents in that it was actually based on an updated census of the assessed population. As such, this census was probably the first taken in Jerusalem since the end of the sixteenth century. This probability as well as the rich statistical data recorded in the poll-tax register studied provide a peerless opportunity to reconstruct and sketch in real quantitative terms a demographic, social and economic profile of the Christian population of Jerusalem and its vicinity, as it may have existed in the late seventeenth century.
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Di Giulio, Paola, Anne Goujon, and Guillaume Marois. "The population aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 20 papers: an introduction." Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 20 (March 16, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.int01.
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The introduction to the 2022 Special Issue presents the 20 articles that discuss the demographic aspects and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It synthesises the main findings from the contributions, emphasising the demographic, social and economic characteristics that influenced the spread of infections and determined the number of deaths. We highlight the specific focus on measurement issues, often with a comparative framework across several countries, and at the regional level as well, both within and beyond Europe. We also summarise the impact of the measures imposed to contain the spread of the virus, such as lockdowns. Moreover, we explore the impact of the pandemic on the quality of relationships, the intention and the motivation to have children, and realised fertility. In addition, we present the authors’ broader reflections on the risks faced by different communities of individuals, and the potential consequences for their life trajectories, including in relation to other current risks that overlap with the pandemic (recent armed conflicts), and for the achievability of the Sustainable Development Goals themselves.
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Pietroń, Roman. "Demographic and economic aspects of the pension system in Poland — a dynamic modelling approach." Ekonomia 25, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.25.4.1.
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Demographic and economic aspects of the pension system in Poland —a dynamic modelling approachThe paper considers a hypothesis that some dynamic features of the Polish national and public pension system follow typical mental, generic and archetypal models, as a result of many demographic, macroeconomic, political and also global factors, particularly closed-loop feedback relations with delays and amplifi cations. There are some important messages in the paper for social insurance policies design, structures and management, the meaning of data mining and collection, and for model refi nement with modelling approaches in a systems’ thinking way. The shortcomings of national social insurance systems in dealing more eff ectively with upstream social insurance risk prevention in the population are systemic and include also a postulate to empower members of the population in order to involve them in their own, entrepreneurial downstream care. The paper contains a system dynamics SD point of view, as a method of macroscopic, continuous simulation modelling, to surface and explain some cycles and discrepancies between demography, policies, as well as the system’s aspects of the national pension system. The conceptual, formal and simulation model presented in the paper, followed by some experiments’ results, applies the SD method approach with causal loop diagrams CLD and stock-and-fl ow diagrams SFD, displaying delays, amplifi cations and structure cycle dynamics in the national pension system. Further research should concentrate on the detailed analysis of additional modelling requirements in order to conduct more profound multi-factor experiments to forecast and evaluate contemporary national politics, and to test some new concepts in social insurance.
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BIL, М. M. "Migration Mobility of the Population in Economic Research: Theoretical Aspects." Demography and social economy 1 (April 22, 2022): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2022.01.088.
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Migration issues need more extensive coverage in fundamental studies. One of the important tasks is to specify the conceptual and terminological apparatus of migration research and eliminate discussions in the migration thesaurus, in particular on the content of migration as a mobility form. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the content of migration mobility of the population as a fundamental economic category that forms the theoretical foundations of migration research with the separation of a new migration science. The scientific novelty is the substantiation of the basic provisions of migration studies and the specification of its migration thesaurus in terms of determining the content of migration mobility. The methodological basis of the study is a dialectical approach, abstract-logical method, method of systematization and generalization, the use of which allowed to formulate the basic provisions of migration and clarify its conceptual and terminological apparatus. The formation of migration studies is confirmed by the conclusions of leading economists and demographers. Migration studies accumulates knowledge, approaches to analysis and practical recommendations for migration regulation. Given the complexity of the migration essence, migration studies is formed as a science-interdisciplinary synthesis at the junction of socioeconomics, demography, spatial science and regional studies. The issues of migration studies develop the following directions: fundamental migration studies, which determines the basic provisions for understanding mig ration in the indicator-factor complex, based on migration theories, concepts, principles, mig ration terminology; analytical migration studies, which reveals the methodology of analyzing migration in terms of causes, conditions, trends; migration qualiology, which emphasizes the methodology of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the migration impact on various phenomena and processes. The main branches of migration studies are economic, demographic, social and political, the results of which comprehensively reveal the possibilities of solving the migration problem by ensuring a positive consequence for person, society and state. The development of migration research requires deepening and modernization of the methodology of migration analysis with the correct use of terminology. In the migration thesaurus there are a number of similar concepts, each of which has specifics. Based on terminological contra dictions, the main approaches to understanding migration as phenomenon, process, system, sign and form of mobility are generalized. The multifaceted concept of migration mobility of the population raises the scientific and practical value of its research. In this regard, the content of migration mobility is revealed, its spatio-temporal, causal and consequential characteristics in the context of the impact on human development are specified, and the prospects for improving methodological approaches to analyzing youth mobility are indicated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Demography – Economic aspects"
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ANGELINI, Daniele. "Essays on economics and demography." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/73248.
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This thesis is a collection of three essays on the effect of demographic changes on the economy. In Chapter 1, I empirically document a non-monotonic effect of an aging workforce on the adoption of ICT (new technology) and on productivity which I rationalize using a task-based OLG model. Initially, the aging of the population has a positive effect on productivity as it reduces the labor supply and increases the capital stock triggering the adoption of new (labor-saving) technologies. However, as young workers (with a comparative advantage in the use of new technologies) become scarce, further aging depresses the adoption of new technologies and reduces productivity. The model also provides policy recommendations regarding the optimal retirement age. In Chapter 2, co-authored with Max Brès, we analyze the effect of a change in the age composition of consumers on sector aggregates. To identify the effect coming from the demand side of the economy, we use a shift-share IV approach and instrument the change in the age composition of demand with foreign demographics. We find that only middle-aged consumers are associated with higher prices, lower production, and lower productivity suggesting that the age composition of demand affects the economy through changes in the market structure. In Chapter 3, co-authored with Max Brès, we propose a model with age-specific search costs and elasticity of substitution to highlight the mechanisms behind the empirical results in Chapter 2. The model shows that an increase in the share of middle-aged consumers (who have high search costs and low elasticity of substitution) leads to an increase in both within-sector and between-sectors competition, increasing prices and reducing production and productivity. To capture general equilibrium effects and substitution across sectors, we nest the calibrated sector-level model within a multi-sector general equilibrium framework. We find that the general equilibrium model substantially dampens the sector-level effects due to lower substitution across sectors. Fitting the model using US demographic data, we find that in the period 1995-2004, as the share of middle-aged increased, the age demand channel contributed to a reduction in US GDP growth, while in the period 2005-2019, as the middle-aged grew old, the age demand channel had a positive effect on US GDP growth.1 Workforce Aging and Technology Adoption 2 The effect of a change in the Age Composition of Consumers: a Shift- Share IV empirical approach 3 The effect of a change in the Age Composition of Consumers: a Theo-retical Framework
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Sadie, J. L. (Johannes L. ). 1918. "The economic demography of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51963.
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Thesis (DCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is remarkable that population, which is at the centre of the economic problem - the Wealth if not the Poverty of Nations - has received scant attention in economic research in South Africa. Which is probably why we can have a NEW - so designated in the Draft Report - population policy propounded by government (in 1997) which manifests little appreciation of the economics of population. This dissertation is an attempt to demonstrate why the void should be filled and to bring to light specific topics within the broader subject matter that could be fruitfully researched. The demographic scene in South Africa lends itself to a telling demonstration of the economic effects of population movements by way of contrasting the experience of the high fertility, youthful Black population - with a total fertility rate of around 37 after having been 6,75 in the 1950s - and that of the demographically older non-Blacks, among whom the Whites exhibit a fertility level way below the replacement rate of 2,1, while that of the Asians (Indians) and Coloureds has almost reached that rate. Since the former has a share of more than a dominant three-quarters in the aggregate South African population, the emphasis is inevitably on the economic consequences of rapid population growth and its attendant demographic magnitudes: fertility, mortality, migration, age and sex composition, spatial distribution and, what is called "economic quality" of the population as manifested in its supply of enterprise. The analysis is presented in the traditional supply and demand paradigm. Supply is examined by linking demographic forces to the five factors of production whose co-operation is responsible for the generation of the national product: entrepreneurship, (ordinary) labour, natural resources, technology and capital. The population has to generate an adequate supply of entrepreneurs, and the two human factors of production have to have one or more of the non-human factors at their disposal to accommodate the population economically. Proliferating human numbers can be destructive of natural resources, and in conflict with the formation of capital, the accumulation of technology and their potential economic welfare-enhancing operation. The demand aspects are analysed by linking on to the four macro demand components in the national accounts system: Household consumption, Government consumption, Investment (visa- vis saving) and foreign trade. Some of the issues discussed are: the stability deriving from a population elasticity of demand close to 1,0; the comparative significance of the population versus the affluence factor; the role of high fertility in the acquisition, at the election polls, of economic power via political power, and its consequences for the diversion of demand; the capital absorbed in "demographic investments"; and the significance of the South African factor endowment for its foreign trade. From the above analyses conclusions could be drawn about econormc growth, poverty, unemployment and the economic value of a life. In human populations, in sub-Saharan Africa at least, quantity is the adversary of quality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is merkwaardig dat Bevolking, wat aan die middelpunt staan van die Rykdom van Volkere indien nie van die Armoede nie, so weinig aandag in die ekonomiese literatuur van Suid-Afrika geniet. Dit is waarskynlik waarom die regering in 1997 'n NUWE bevolkingsbeleid - so gespesifiseer in die konsepwitskrif - kan voorstel wat weinig aanduiding toon van 'n waardering vir die Ekonomie van Demografiese tendense. Hierdie dissertasie is 'n poging om te demonstreer waarom die leemte gevul moet word, en om spesifieke onderwerpe, binne die breëre raamwerk, vir verdere ondersoek aan die lig te bring. Die demografiese toneel in Suid-Afrika leen homself tot 'n treffende demonstrasie van die ekonomiese gevolge van demografiese tendense by wyse van 'n kontrastering van die ondervinding van die snelgroeiende, jeugdige Swart bevolking - met 'n totale fertiliteitsyfer (TFS) van nagenoeg 3.7, nadat dit gedurende die vyftigerjare 6,75 was - en dié van die demografies-ouer nie-Swart bevolking, onder wie die Blankes, met 'n TFS wat reeds ver benede verplasingskoers van 2,1 is, en Asiërs (Indiërs) en Kleurlinge wat alreeds byna daardie peil bereik het. Aangesien eersgenoemde etniese groep ook nog 'n oorheersende aandeel van meer as driekwart in die totale SA bevolkingsgrootte het, is dit onvermydelik dat die nadruk sal val op die ekonomiese gevolge van snelle bevolkingsgroei met die daarmee samehangende demografiese groothede: fertiliteit, mortaliteit, migrasie, leeftyd- en geslagsamestelling, geografiese verspreiding en ook "ekonomiese kwaliteit" soos dit in die aanbod van ondernemerskap gemanifesteer word. Die analise word in die tradisionele vraag en aanbod paradigma aangebied. Aanbod word ontleed deur demografiese faktore te koppel met die vyf produksiefaktore waarvan die samewerking vir die skepping van die nasionale produk verantwoordelik is: ondernemers, arbeid, natuurlike hulpbronne, tegnologie en kapitaal. Die bevolking moet 'n voldoende aantalondernemers verwek, en die twee menslike produksiefaktore benodig die bystand van een of meer van die niemenslike faktore, om die bevolking ekonomies te kan akkommodeer. Vermenigvuldigende mensegetalle kan vernietigend inwerk op natuurlike hulpbronne en kan in konflik verkeer met kapitaalvorming en tegnologie-akkumulasie en hul ekonomiese welsynsbevorderende werking. Die vraag-aspekte word analiseer deur aan te sluit by die vier makro vraagkomponente in die nasionale boekhoudingstelsel : huishoudelike verbruik, regeringskonsumpsie, belegging (vis-a-vis besparing) en buitlandse handel. Aangeleenthede wat onder die loep geneem word, sluit, onder andere, die volgende in: stabiliteit wat voorspruit uit 'n bevolkingselastisiteit van vraag wat nagenoeg 1 is; die vergelykende invloed van ekonomiese oorvloed teenoor die menslike getallefaktor; die rol van hoë fertiliteit in die verkryging van ekonomiese mag deur middel van die stembus en sy gevolge vir die omleiding van vraag; die kapitaal wat in "demografiese beleggings" geabsorbeer word; en die betekenis van die Suid-Afrikaanse produksiefaktorbegunstiging vir sy internasionale handel. Uit bogenoemde ontledings kan gevolgtrekkinge gemaak word ten opsigte van ekonomiese groei, armoede, werkloosheid en die ekonomiese waarde van 'n menselewe. In menslike bevolkings - minstens sover dit sub-Sahara-Afrika betref - staan kwantiteit in 'n adversatiewe houding teenoor kwaliteit.
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Farouk, Abdelhalim E. El. "Internal migration in the Sudan : some demographic and socio-economic aspects." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6171/.
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The outstanding characteristics of the population geography of the Sudan are seen in its vastness of the area, its low population density, its high population fertility, decreasing mortality rates and uneven distribution of developmental projects among its regions. All these have important effects upon the economic and de mographic characteristics of its population. They also underline the uneven distribution of the country's population, as a result of which large-scale migration movements occur. Three types of population movements in the Sudan are discussed; inter-provincial movements, rural-urban migration and seasonal migration for cotton picking in the Gezira scheme. In the discussion of the first type, the analysis covers issues related to the general levels of movements amongst the 18 provinces of the country, rates of in- and out-migration in each province and their net migration balances. Also, it discusses the spatial structure of the movement, and some gaining and losing provinces are singled out. The impacts of the movements and their selective nature are also revealed. Rural-urban migration to the capital city of Khartoum is studied using the 1983 census data, other published data and the author's 1988/89 survey of migrant households in the city. The scale of the migration and the characteristics of the migrants are analyzed. Additionally, the structure of the migrant households, literacy, occupation contrasts and links with the village are investigated. The reasons behind the migration decision and the reward of the rural-urban migration are also shown. Seasonal migration is discussed to disclose the nature of the movement and its patterns which are associated with the cotton picking operation in the Gezira scheme. The types of labour involved and labour market conditions are also investigated. The findings verified the seasonality of the movement to the scheme and the consistent relationship between migrants and tenants in the scheme.
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Sondhi, Gunjan. "Gendering international student mobility : an Indian case study." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/46066/.
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This thesis explores the dialectical relationship between gender and international student mobility (ISM). The focus is on the experiences of Indian students across three space-time locations: before the students left India; while abroad in Toronto; and their return to New Delhi. The value of this research is two-fold. Firstly, my research helps to fill the lacuna in ISM research that examines the phenomenon through a gender optic. Secondly, there is increasing interest in Canada and other countries – evident in the media and government policy – in international students from India. The study is located at the nexus of gender and mobility scholarship; it adopts Gendered Geographies of Power as a foundational framework. The research employed a multi-sited, mixed-methods approach to data collection. The data collection in the field sites of Toronto, Canada and New Delhi, India consisted of in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observations. An online survey was mounted for the duration of the fieldwork to gather data on the broader population of Indian students abroad. The results of this survey provide context for the discussion in three empirical chapters. The first of the three empirical chapters explores the impact of gender relations in shaping motivations to study abroad. The second chapter examines how relations of power in and across multiple spaces (re)shape the students‟ performances of gender identities in everyday life in Toronto. The final empirical chapter examines the students‟ experience of return mobility as they attempt to adapt to a different (but familiar) gender context again. My research contributes to the growing body of scholarship on ISM as well as that on gender and migration. By employing a gendered perspective, the indepth interviews as well as ethnographic research reveals the shifting subjectivities of the migrants as they simultaneously negotiate multiple ethnic and kinship interactions in their everyday lived experiences. Secondly, the online survey presents the gendered class configurations of the socio-economic background of the Indian international students. Lastly, the „return‟ experiences of the students are differentiated by gender: more women than men found it harder to (re)negotiate their gender-expected performances in New Delhi. Furthermore, the „return mobility‟ of men appears to be more permanent than the return mobility of women.
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Liégeois, Philippe. "Essais en économie dynamique appliquée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211600.
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Elgaard, Emil. "The impact of demographic transition and aging on economic growth : a comparative study of Japan and China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211027.
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China is growing old before it is growing affluent. This situation is not unique to China; at least three other countries are in the same situation. While some of these had family planning campaigns, none had a one-child policy which implies that one-child policy is not the direct cause of this predicament.
While China’s working-age share of the population has peaked, any shortages of low-skill labor currently observed in China are primarily caused by the hukou system and its barriers to labor mobility. A reform of the hukou system would secure ample supplies of migrant labor even in the face of mildly declining working-age share of the population. The absence of reforms could mean the arrival of a policy-induced Lewis Turning Point, prompting a premature and potentially counterproductive reorientation of industry. China does not yet possess an advantage in capital and technology intensive production and thus risks falling into the middle-income trap if the reorientation of industry takes place too early. If the Lewis Point can be postponed and the current rate of capital stock growth can be maintained for another decade or two, China might be able to avoid the middle-income trap.
Both China’s and Japan’s current pension systems are unsustainable and their PAYGO nature is detrimental to long-run economic growth, especially so for aging societies. It is possible for China to make the system sustainable in the long if reforms are implemented while the transition costs are manageable. Although China is aging, the pace will be relatively slow until 2030. It will still take many years before the country is as old as Japan is a present. A low debt-to-GDP ratio also offers China more flexibility than Japan currently enjoys.published_or_final_version
China Development Studies
Master
Master of Arts in China Development Studies
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Housseini, Bouba. "Essays on demographic changes, health and economic development." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30745/30745.pdf.
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Dans un contexte de changements démographiques, ma thèse de doctorat vise à clarifier deux questions principales : i)comment évaluer le progrès des nations lorsque les populations diffèrent en taille, longévité et répartition des revenus ? et ii)quels sont les effets de la fécondité et de la mortalité sur la croissance économique en Afrique subsaharienne ? La première partie (chapitres 1 et 2) élucide la manière dont les changements en taille de la population, en longévité et en répartition des revenus pourraient être socialement évalués, tandis que la seconde partie (chapitre 3) fournit un cadre de politique publique et des éclairages sur les moyens de réaliser une dividende démographique dans le contexte de l’Afrique subsaharienne. J’adopte deux approches différentes pour aborder ces questions. La première partie utilise une méthode welfariste qui développe et applique (sur l’Afrique subsaharienne) des fonctions et critères d’évaluation sociale intertemporelle adaptés aux populations de taille et de durée de vie variables. La deuxième partie utilise une approche économétrique qui développe et estime un modèle d’équations simultanées des déterminants de la mortalité, de la fécondité et de la performance économique en utilisant des données de panel des pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Le chapitre 1 explore les principes axiomatiques et welfaristes d’évaluation du bien-être social dans un cadre intertemporel. Il apporte des réponses à certaines des limites des méthodes existantes dans la littérature, en proposant en particulier une fonction d’évaluation sociale qui échappe à la conclusion répugnante temporelle, qui est neutre vis-à-vis de la fragmentation des vies et qui satisfait la cohérence temporelle de niveau critique. Pour ce faire, nous caractérisons une fonction d’utilité intertemporelle de niveau critique qui évalue la vie de manière périodique. Pour palier les controverses sur l’actualisation ou pas des utilités à travers le temps, deux versions de la fonction sont développées, l’une avec actualisation et l’autre sans. Le chapitre 2 met l’accent sur la manière d’évaluer le progrès des nations lorsque les populations diffèrent en taille, en longévité et en répartition des revenus. Le cadre d’analyse est ensuite appliqué au contexte démographique (particulier) de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Les résultats indiquent que la contribution de la taille de la population au bien-être social dépend des considérations éthiques concernant le choix d’un niveau critique au-delà duquel une vie est considérée comme digne d’être vécue (ou améliorant le bien-être social). La durée de vie n’a pas un effet significatif sur le bien-être social avant la transition démographique. L’explosion démographique observée au cours du dernier siècle en Afrique subsaharienne a détérioré le bien-être social pour des valeurs de niveau critique supérieures à 180$ par année, soit environ la moitié du seuil bien connu de pauvreté d’un dollar par jour. Cela corrobore l’idée souvent émise selon laquelle le ralentissement de la croissance démographique en Afrique subsaharienne n’ élèverait pas seulement le niveau de vie moyen, mais augmenterait également le bien-être social en général. Le chapitre 3 développe et estime un modèle économétrique des déterminants conjointes de la fécondité, de la mortalité et de la performance économique en Afrique subsaharienne afin d’identifier les actions de politique publique pour accélérer la transition démographique dans la région et par conséquent réaliser son corollaire de dividende démographique. L’analyse s’appuie sur un modèle économétrique d’équations simultanées utilisant des données de panel multi-pays pour la période 1960-2010. Pour faire face au problème d’endogénéité, nous adoptons la méthode des variables instrumentales en exploitant différentes sources de variations exogènes du revenu par tête, de la fécondité et de la mortalité. Les résultats montrent que chaque année supplémentaire en espérance de vie à la naissance implique une croissance du revenu par tête de 13,1%. En outre, un doublement du revenu par tête entraîne une augmentation de la longévité de 6,3 ans. Toutefois, les relations entre la fécondité et le revenu par tête et l’espérance de vie à la naissance ressortent être ambigues en raison certainement de la dépendance des économies de l’Afrique subsaharienne aux ressources naturelles et au commerce international. Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de promouvoir la transformation structurelle des économies de l’Afrique subsaharienne afin d’accélérer la transition démographique dans la région et réaliser une dividende démographique.In a context of demographic changes, my PhD thesis aims to clarify two main questions: i)how the progress of nations can be evaluated when populations differ in size, longevity and income distribution? and ii)what are the effects of fertility and mortality on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)? The first part (chapters 1 and 2) elucidates how changes in population size, longevity and income distribution can be socially evaluated while the second part (chapter 3) provides a public policy framework and insights on how the demographic dividend can be captured in the Sub-Saharan Africa context. I adopt two different approaches to analyse these questions. The first part uses a welfarist method that develops and applies (to SSA) intertemporal social evaluation functions and criteria suitable to variable populations. The second part uses an econometric approach that develops and estimates a simultaneous equations model of the determinants of mortality, fertility and economic performance using country-level panel data from SSA. Chapter 1 explores the use of axiomatic and welfarist principles to assess social welfare in an intertemporal framework. It attempts to overcome some of the limits of existing methods in the literature, in particular by avoiding a temporal repugnant conclusion, by neither penalizing nor favoring life fragmentation, and by satisfying critical-level temporal consistency. It does this by characterizing a critical-level lifetime utility function that values life periodically. To address some of the controversies in discounting utilities across time, two alternative versions of the function are developed, one with discounting and one without. Chapter 2 focusses on how the progress of nations can be evaluated when populations differ in size, longevity and income distributions. The framework is applied to the (particular) demographic context of SSA. The findings indicate that the contribution of population size to social welfare depends on ethical considerations regarding the choice of a critical level above which a life is considered to be worth living (or social welfare improving). Length of life does not have a significant effect on social welfare prior to the demographic transition. SSA’s demographic explosion over the last century has worsened social welfare for critical-level values greater than $180 per year, i.e. roughly half the well-known dollar-a-day poverty line. This supports the often heard view that slowing down demographic growth in SSA may not only increase average living standards but may also raise overall social welfare. Chapter 3 develops and estimates an econometric model of the joint determinants of fertility, mortality and economic performance in SSA in order to identify public policy actions to accelerate the demographic transition in the region and consequently to achieve its corollary demographic dividend. The analysis builds on a simultaneous equations econometric model using multi-country panel data for the period 1960 - 2010. To deal with endogeneity, we use the instrumental variable approach, exploiting different sources of exogenous variations of per capita income, fertility and mortality. The results show that each additional year of life expectancy at birth implies a growth of per capita income of 13.1%. Also, a doubling of per capita income leads to a rise in longevity of 6.3 years. However the relationships between fertility and both per capita income and life expectancy at birth appear to be ambiguous probably due to the dependency of SSA economies on natural resources and international trade. Our findings point to the necessity of fostering the structural transformation of SSA economies in order to accelerate the demographic transition in the region and to capture the demographic dividend.
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Weisdorf, Jacob L. "On the road to riches : aspects of economic and demographic growth from the Stone Age and beyond /." Copenhagen, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/394880153.pdf.
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Fenech, Natalino. "Bird shooting and trapping in the Maltese Islands : some socio-economic, cultural, political, demographic and environmental aspects." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1588/.
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黃澤銘 and Chak-ming Albert Wong. "Feasibility study of comprehensive eye screening on low-risk persons for ocular abnormalities: contribution ofsocio-economic and demographic variables." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971271.
Full textBooks on the topic "Demography – Economic aspects"
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Paul, Schultz T., ed. Economic demography. Northampton, Mass: Edward Elgar Pub., 1998.
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Wilhelm, Kuckshinrichs, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Demography and Infrastructure: National and Regional Aspects of Demographic Change. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.
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College of William and Mary. Dept. of Anthropology., ed. The Economic demography of mass poverty. [Williamsburg, Va., U.S.A: Dept. of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1986.
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Johnson, Paul. Ageing and economic performance. London: Centrefor Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, 1991.
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Demeny, Paul George. Demography and the limits to growth. New York, NY: Population Council, 1989.
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Friedland, Robert Bruce. Demography is not destiny. Washington, DC: National Academy on an Aging Society, 1999.
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Shrinking-population economics: Lessons from Japan. Tokyo: International House of Japan, 2006.
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Godenau, Dirk. Die Interaktion zwischen Bevölkerung und Wirtschaft unter Bedingungen von Insularität: Der Fall der Kanarischen Inseln nach 1940. Egelsbach: Hänsel-Hohenhausen, 1992.
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Augustine, Okore, Gule Gugulethu, University of Swaziland. Dept. of Statistics and Demography., and UNFPA/UNDESD-Supported Training Programme in Demography., eds. Issues in the demography of Swaziland. [Kwaluseni, Swaziland]: Dept. of Statistics and Demography, University of Swaziland, 1993.
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Toro, Alvaro López. Ensayos sobre demografía y economía: Selección de la obra académica de Alvaro López Toro, in memoriam. Santafé de Bogotá: Banco de la Republica, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Demography – Economic aspects"
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Garrett, Gill. "Demographic and economic aspects of ageing." In Health Needs of the Elderly, 23–26. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09486-8_5.
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Schmidbauer, Harald. "Some Aspects of Competing Risks in Demography." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 294–305. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48808-5_15.
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Guiguet, M., and A. J. Valleron. "Demographic Impact of Mortality from AIDS in France: Projection for 1991." In Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection, 38–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84089-0_3.
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Léna, Pierre. "Robotics in the Classroom: Hopes or Threats?" In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 109–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_9.
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AbstractArtificial intelligence implemented in a great diversity of systems, such as smartphones, computers, or robots, is progressively invading almost all aspects of life. Education is already concerned by this revolution, as are medicine or care for elderly people. Education is indeed a special case, because it is fundamentally based on the relationship, involving love and emotions as well as knowledge, between a fragile child and an adult. But teachers are becoming rare and education expensive: The Earth demography is here an economical challenge. We examine some of the various modalities of teacher substitution, companionship or computer-resources which are already experimented, and discuss their ethical aspects. We conclude on the positive aspects of computer-aided education, which does not substitute the teacher, but may help and provide continued professional development.
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Wilson, Katy M., Jane W. Baldwin, and Rachel M. Young. "Estimating Tropical Cyclone Vulnerability: A Review of Different Open-Source Approaches." In Hurricane Risk in a Changing Climate, 255–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08568-0_11.
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AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) risk assessments are critical for disaster preparedness and response. Alongside hazard and exposure, accurate TC risk assessment requires understanding the vulnerability of populations and assets. In this chapter, we examine multiple methods that have been used to assess and quantify TC vulnerability with a focus on open-source methods. We separately discuss structural, economic, and social (or demographic) vulnerability approaches. Structural vulnerability assesses the susceptibility of buildings to be affected by their exposure to hazards; in this section, we provide a detailed overview of how FEMA’s Hazus model quantifies damages by utilizing engineering principles. Economic vulnerability employs regression analysis to relate wind speeds to damages; this discussion explores typical functional forms used to represent vulnerability in such analysis and efforts to constrain parameters in these functions. Finally, social approaches use demographic data to characterize the varying susceptibility of populations to TC risk; we provide some representative examples of this methodology. We conclude with a comparative discussion of these three classes of methods, suggest directions for future work, and ask whether the different approaches can be combined to yield a more holistic view of both the human and structural aspects of TC vulnerability.
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Sumil-Laanemaa, Merle, Luule Sakkeus, Allan Puur, and Lauri Leppik. "Socio-demographic Risk Factors Related to Material Deprivation Among Older Persons in Europe: A Comparative Analysis Based on SHARE Data." In International Perspectives on Aging, 31–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_3.
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AbstractMaterial deprivation is a key aspect of social exclusion, and the domain of economic exclusion, for the older population. In this chapter we utilised cross-sectional data from Wave 5 (2013) of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and logistic regression analysis to assess the variation in material deprivation of the population aged 50+ across four geographic clusters of welfare regimes in Europe. We used the SHARE-based Material Deprivation Index (MDI) to assess the associations between material deprivation and socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education, economic activity status, household type, number of children, residential area, chronic diseases and limitations of daily activities, and origin). We observed a pronounced variation in material deprivation among the older population across welfare clusters, with high levels of MDI in the Eastern and Southern clusters. Living alone, having a large number of children, low education, activity limitations, and being of immigrant origin significantly increase the risk of material deprivation in older age in all clusters. The study also identified subgroups of older persons that have an increased risk of material deprivation in some but not all clusters, such as those aged 80+ and rural residents in the Southern and Eastern clusters.
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Mansfeld, Lisa. "Out of Sight, out of Mind? Frequency of Emigrants’ Contact with Friends in Germany and its Impact on Subjective Well-Being." In IMISCOE Research Series, 229–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67498-4_13.
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AbstractMigration implies both benefits and costs. The latter include a possible breakdown of social networks, and thus a loss of social capital. Although there is some literature on the evolution of family networks after migration, not as much is known about friendship. This article assesses the quality of friendships between German emigrants and their friends who stayed in Germany. In particular, it asks three research questions: (a) How does the quality of relationships with friends in Germany differ from the quality of other relationships after migration? (b) How is friendship quality after migration related to socio-demographic or socio-economic factors? And (c) is there a link between friendship quality and the subjective well-being of emigrants? Results indicate that friendship quality measured as frequency of contact with friends falls in the middle range of contact frequency, as emigrants typically have more contact with partners and children, but less contact with some other relatives, compared to close friends. Furthermore, several determinants of contact frequency (e.g. gender, age, length of stay and household constellation) can be identified and correlations with various aspects of subjective well-being were found.
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Bologna, Emanuela, and Simona Staffieri. "Women and leisure in the Italian context." In Women, leisure and tourism: self-actualization and empowerment through the production and consumption of experience, 152–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247985.0014.
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Abstract Gender is an important indicator of the processes of social change affecting contemporary society, although in the field of leisure research, it has not always received attention. To fill this gap, recent research proposes to include gender as a significant aspect in leisure paradigms. The chapter aims to analyse gender differences in the use of leisure time within the Italian context using data periodically produced by official statistics. Data, collected over time, make it possible to observe the changes occurring in the way men and women spend their leisure time. The chapter is structured according to the main dimensions of leisure, such as social relationships, sports practice, tourism, cultural participation, and satisfaction with leisure time. To observe gender differences, statistical methods (descriptive and multivariate analysis) were implemented. The results highlight the existence of strong differences in the way in which men and women spend their leisure time. Gender differences are often linked to demographic or sociocultural characteristics, such as age, level of education, or economic conditions. Results presented in the chapter could be used to frame future research aimed at solving weakness and to fill information gaps in Italian leisure gender studies.
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Kugler, Tadeusz. "The Demography of Genocide." In Economic Aspects of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their Preventions, 102–24. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199378296.003.0004.
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Lewis, David M., Peter Morton, and Tim Parkin. "(Re)producing Slaves: Demand, Supply, and Demography." In The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Slaveries, C29.S1—C29.S5. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199575251.013.29.
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Abstract This chapter offers a broad survey of the range of social and economic variables that shaped the dynamics of the demography of the slave population of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. As such, it covers a vast extent of time and space but in the process attempts to establish general trends while also focusing on particular points of significance and interest. Emphasis is placed on the relative roles of reproduction and of external supply; the latter includes capture in warfare, kidnapping, enslavement through taxes and debt, penal aspects, and child exposure and sale, as well as self-enslavement. Consideration is also given throughout to questions such as the ethnic origin of slaves, the significance of manumission, and the role of slave traders. The challenges presented by the range of extant evidence for slave demography in antiquity are also discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Demography – Economic aspects"
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"Demographic Development of Territories (Regional Aspect)." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-2-11.
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The article examines the problems of demographic development and natural population decline in Russian regions, leading to an imbalance in the structure of the population and socio-economic instability. Statistical data on the indicators of the total fertility rate, natural increase, life expectancy, infant mortality were considered. The article presents theoretical approaches to substantiating the concept of demographic development, proposes a model for assessing the integral index of demographic development, calculates the indicator in a number of Russian regions, analyses socio-economic factors influencing the change in the indicator, and draws relevant conclusions. An assumption is made about the possibility of using this assessment model in managing the processes of demographic development in regions.
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Fayzieva, Dilafruz. "Demographic Aspects of Increasing the Level of Employment of the Population." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02094.
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The strengthening of the growth rate of the national economy is directly connected with the regular change in the structure of employment of the population
Therefore, the greatest realization of human potential for the benefit of social well-being is at the center of attention of the state policy of regulation of the labor market. Accordingly, in the domestic economic science and practice, state support for the work capacity of the population However, the problem of determining the social and economic cost of labor and the rational use of human capital remains open for scientific research.
The article examines the labor market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in terms of socioeconomic, age, gender and ethnic-national factors of population, macroeconomic aspects of managing employment processes in the context of ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan in accordance with the standards of the International Labor Organization, and provides scientific, methodological and practical aspects aimed at to increase the level of employment of the population. In this article were used secondary data from the statistical literatures.
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Bezrukova, G. A. "Medical-Demographic And Socio-Hygienic Aspects Of Agricultural Labor Resources." In International Conference on Economic and Social Trends for Sustainability of Modern Society. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.03.180.
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Sevriukova, G. A., I. V. Khvastunova, and R. E. Akhundova. "Socio-ecological Aspects of the Demographic Profile of the Volgograd Region Population." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010663100003223.
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GOLYASH, Iryna. "THE WAR AND HAPPINESS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS." In Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.15.
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Ukraine has felt the impact of strong force, which has affected the level of happiness in the country. The circumstances were military actions which was provoked by the aggression of the Russian Federation. A whole generation of people knew about the war only from historical sources and had no previous experience of survival. During the war, basic physiological needs became a priority for the civilian population of Ukraine: security, water, food, heat, sleep, medicine. All other needs of a higher order have ceased, or become to be inconsiderable. The war did not make people happy, but it changed their behavior, which was due to the need to make important current and future decisions. Current decisions focused on survival, while long-term decisions focused on choosing one of the alternative life options, taking into account its expected quality and subjective prediction of personal happiness and happiness of their children. All this has led to a number of transformations in the socio-economic sphere, such as: falling incomes and rising household expenditures; change in the structure of consumption; shortage of certain foods and medicines; the impact of inflation; intensification of migration processes; demographic disparities and family separation; reduction of human resources; reduction of life expectancy and deterioration of health of Ukrainians; limited transport and logistics within the country; termination of a significant part of enterprises and small businesses; heavy load on social infrastructure facilities; increasing the number of individuals and families in difficult life circumstances, etc. According to the Phoenix Effect, life is expected to recover very quickly after the war. Ukrainians, having gone through numerous trials, will become much more resilient and happier in the future. Key words: Ukraine, russia, war, happiness, sconomy, Society, future
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Krokusova, Juliana, and Vladimir Cech. "SPATIAL ASPECTS OF SUBURBANIZATION IN THE HITERLAND OF PRESOV IN SLOVAKIA." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.052.
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The main objective of the paper is to analyze and evaluate what are the manifestations and impacts of suburbanization in the hinterland of the city of Presov. The first manifestations of suburbanization started in 1996 and continue even nowadays. This process brings several consequences, economic, social, demographic, environmental, etc. When looking at migration flows, Presov has shown a long-term decline in population. The municipalities located in its hinterland show an increase in population. In this paper we will focus mainly on the impacts of suburbanization in the landscape - landscape fragmentation, arable land grabbing and leapfrog development. The emphasis of the paper is on the analysis of aerial and historical imagery and field research to provide mapping and photo-documentation of spatial aspects in the study area.
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DUGARZHAPOVA, Dolgorma. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LIVING STANDARDS AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLICS OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." In Republics in the East of Russia: Trajectories of Economic, Demographic and Territorial Development (1991-2017). Publishing House of Buryat Scientific Center, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/978-5-7925-0522-3-2018-25-37.
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Miceski, Trajko, and Natasha Stojovska. "Comparative Analysis of Birth Rate and Life Expectancy in Macedonia, Turkey and the European Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01036.
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The comparative analysis of birth rate and life expectancy will provide information about the position of Macedonia in relation to Turkey and the EU and also about the factors that have the greatest impact on the population’s movement and vitality. This information should help the policy creators in the process of defining and implementing measures for increasing the birth rate and life expectancy of the population, which is aim of every country. In this paper will be put out some theoretical aspects about the economic, social, psychological, technological, cultural and political factors that have impact on the birth rate and life expectancy of the population. Also, the tabular and graphical displays will show the movement of these two demographic features in the period from 1980 to 2011. Changes in birth rate and life expectancy in Macedonia, Turkey and the European Union have been leading to demographic aging of the population in the last three decades. The birth rate in these countries shows a trend of continuous decline, despite the gradual increase in life expectancy of the population. Although the declined birth rate and increased life expectancy of the population have been a common features of these countries in the last decades, the percentage of this changes is different for each country.
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Prener, Jan. "Významy stability lokálních politických elit a možnosti jejího hodnocení." In XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-56.
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Electoral behavior and thus the stability of municipal councils were determined by political and economic aspects of social transformation, including organizational irrationality in the early 1990s in Czechia. Given these facts and the growing polarization of space, it turns out that there are a number of small "non-viable" municipalities in the Czechia, which also show specific – high or low – values of stability of local political elites (municipal councils) and relatively unfavorable social, economic, demographic and other parameters. For these reasons, the ambition of the presented text is to reveal, through quantitative analysis, territorial differentiation of the stability of local political elites and selected factors, that either individually or in context, influenced changes in the staff of municipal councils in 1994–2018 in the Czechia.
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Mutaeva, I. Sh, I. G. Gerasimova, A. S. Seliverstov, and A. H. Gizatullina. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPORTS TRAINING IN CYCLIC SPORTS." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/37.
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The article presents the results of the theoretical analysis of the main aspects of sports training in cyclic sports. To effectively solve the problem of training in cyclical sports, it is necessary to study the laws of the reaction of the body of athletes, including the processes of fatigue and recovery in response to the physical exertion of various directions. It is very important to individualize the training process, taking into account the functional state and reserve adaptive capabilities of the body. The authors identify such reasons that influence the development of cyclical sports as socio-economic and political transformations that are constantly taking place in Russia; demographic changes caused by the decline in the population of Russia due to the collapse of the Soviet Union; structural and organizational reasons that suggest the existence of an outdated system for training highly qualified athletes, the lack of modern centers and bases for Olympic training, an effective management system for Olympic training in General, and a targeted policy for training coaches and sports and medical personnel. The technological reasons that arose as a result of a sharp reduction in targeted research in all branches of sports science and an archaic mechanism for the development and implementation of effective innovative technologies are revealed. There is a significant lag in the medical and biological provision of training for Olympic athletes, etc. The analysis showed that the lag in the structural, organizational, and technological blocks of Olympic training is caused by a decrease in the effectiveness of scientific research.
Reports on the topic "Demography – Economic aspects"
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Mushongera, Darlington, Prudence Kwenda, and Miracle Ntuli. An analysis of well-being in Gauteng province using the capability approach. Gauteng City-Region Observatory, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36634/2020.op.1.
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As countries across the globe pursue economic development, the improvement of individual and societal well-being has increasingly become an overarching goal. In the global South, in particular, high levels of poverty, inequality and deteriorating social fabrics remain significant challenges. Programmes and projects for addressing these challenges have had some, but limited, impact. This occasional paper analyses well-being in Gauteng province from a capability perspective, using a standard ‘capability approach’ consistent with Amartya Sen’s first conceptualisation, which was then operationalised by Martha Nussbaum. Earlier research on poverty and inequality in the Gauteng City-Region was mainly based on objective characteristics of well-being such as income, employment, housing and schooling. Using data from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey IV for 2015/16, our capability approach provides a more holistic view of well-being by focusing on both objective and subjective aspects simultaneously. The results confirm the well-known heterogeneity in human conditions among South African demographic groups, namely that capability achievements vary across race, age, gender, income level and location. However, we observe broader (in both subjective and objective dimensions) levels of deprivation that are otherwise masked in the earlier studies. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that policies are directly targeted towards improving those capability indicators where historically disadvantaged and vulnerable groups show marked deprivation. In addition, given the spatial heterogeneities in capability achievements, we recommend localised interventions in capabilities that are lagging in certain areas of the province.
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Youth Livelihood Opportunities in Egypt. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2001.1000.
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This report presents results from a quantitative and qualitative study on youth livelihood opportunities in Egypt. The study was motivated by growing evidence of increasing unemployment among the young at a time when new entrants into the labor force are also increasing at unprecedented rates. Egypt has a youth population of over 13 million aged 15–24—over a fifth of the total population. They constitute the largest segment of the economically active population. Whether this bulge of young workers entering the labor force is a “demographic gift” or a “demographic burden” depends in large measure on the policies that are in place to guide their entry into the labor force, and their accumulation of human capital. Opportunity structures for youth at this transitional stage of their life will not only contribute to the economic and social development of the country, but also shape and influence all aspects of their lives as adults.