Dissertations / Theses: 'Demographic Outcomes'

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Mansoor, Sadia. "Demographic diversity and outcomes: A multilevel study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/209949/1/Sadia_Mansoor_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is a step forward in understanding the effects of demographic diversity (age, gender and ethnicity) through proposing an integrated multilevel framework at individual and group levels of analysis. The framework was tested using a time-lagged research design in the banking sector of Pakistan. The findings suggest managers to understand the nesting phenomenon within work groups, demonstrate efforts to establish positive communication, and enhance social integration among workgroup members. Moreover, diversity training efforts need to focus on perceptions of gender diversity and age diversity to capitalise on their benefits.

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Oosse, Monique Marie. "Demographic, socioeconomic, and biomedical effects on birth outcomes /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Guruge, Sepali. "The effects of demographic characteristics on preoperative teaching outcomes, a meta-analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ46122.pdf.

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Grjibovski, Andrej. "Socio-demographic determinants of pregnancy outcomes and infant growth in transitional Russia /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-226-8/.

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Rhouma, Ousama. "Epidemiology, socio-demographic determinants and outcomes of paediatric facial and dental injuries in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3415/.

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Facial injury is less common in childhood than adulthood. However, it is still a significant cause of morbidity and presentation in hospital emergency departments. The pattern, time trends, and key socio-demographic determinants of facial injuries in Scottish adults admitted to hospital have previously been reported but this is not the case in the paediatric population and the question of whether such injuries are equally distributed across all socio-economic groups has not been answered. In contrast to the epidemiology of facial injuries in the paediatric population, traumatic dental injuries in children and adolescents have become one of the most frequent forms of treatment in dental practice. This suggests that traumatic dental injuries are common in childhood and are a significant cause of morbidity and presentation in hospital emergency departments. The relationship between socio-economic circumstances and the commonest dental disease (dental caries) in Scotland is well established and children resident in the most deprived areas experience more dental disease. However, this relationship with regard to dental injuries in Scotland has not yet been established. In the same way, many answers to questions regarding the sequelae and prognosis of pulpal and endodontic treatment among traumatised teeth remain unclear. Furthermore, numerous studies have been published examining the long term variables that might have an effect on treatment outcomes of avulsed teeth, but none have yet been able to estimate the long term prognosis of avulsed and replanted teeth. Two studies presented in this thesis are largely the result of population based studies investigating the epidemiology of facial and dental injuries in relation to individual demographics. An additional two studies explore the occurrence of paediatric dental trauma and its general treatment outcomes with a specific focus on estimation of the long term prognosis of avulsed and replanted teeth. To establish the epidemiology of paediatric facial injuries in children and adolescents requiring in-patient hospital admission in Scotland and to report the pattern, time trends, and key socio-demographic determinants of paediatric facial injury in Scotland, a descriptive epidemiological population-based study of the incidence of facial injuries in Scotland (2001-2009) was undertaken. Poisson regression models were employed to assess trends. There were 45,388 (4.7 per 1000 population) facial injury cases registered (2001-2009). 60% of injuries were due to non-intentional causes, 15% to motor vehicle incidents, and 9% to assault. 4.5% were alcohol related. The incidence decreased over time from 5.5/1000 in 2001 to 4.0/1000 in 2009. The risk ratio (RR) for males was 1.98 times greater than females (p < 0.001). RR varied significantly between Health Board areas from 0.68 (Dumfries and Galloway) to 1.76 (Grampian) (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between facial injury and deprivation (p<0.001); SIMD 1 (most deprived) had the highest incidence (6.3 per 1000 population; RR =1.89). The findings of this study provide evidence of a continuing increase in the burden of facial injuries in males especially for those who are living in areas of social deprivation, and in certain geographical areas of Scotland. A population-based investigation was undertaken to investigate the pattern and time trends of dental injuries and their socio-demographic determinants among primary one (P1) children in Scotland. Records of Scottish Health Boards' Dental Epidemiological Programme (SHBDEP) and National Dental Inspection Programme (NDIP) for the period 1993 to 2007 were retrieved from the Dental Health Services Research unit - Dundee. Annual incidences of dental injuries were calculated by age, gender, Health Board and DEPCAT (Carstairs deprivation categories). 68,354 P1 children were examined and only 405 (0.6%) had suffered dental injuries (5.9 per 1000 population). There was a significant decrease in incidence over time (1993 figures were three times greater than 2007). Virtually the same incidence rates were recorded for the two genders. However incidence varied significantly between Health Boards (p<0.001); the highest rate being reported in Dumfries (14.2 per 1000 population), which was 11 times greater than Ayrshire (1.3 per 1000 population). There was no significant association between risk of dental injuries and deprivation; in DEPCAT 1 (most affluent) the incidence rate was 6.4 per 1000 population, while in DEPCAT 7 (most deprived) the incidence rate was 5.7 per 1000 population. The findings of this study provide evidence that the incidence of dental injuries had significantly decreased between 1993 and 2007; gender and deprivation level had no effect on the incidence and risk of dental injuries. A retrospective investigation was undertaken to study the sequelae of non-surgical root canal treatment in traumatised anterior permanent teeth of patients referred to a secondary referral centre. The department dental trauma database was used to randomly identify patients who had sustained dental trauma to their permanent anterior teeth between 1994 and 2008 which required pulpal intervention. A data extraction form was designed and completed for each tooth, and then the data was transcribed and processed. The association between treatment outcomes and clinical variables was studied. 100 permanent anterior teeth (72 patients) were studied. Dental trauma was frequent in the age group 9-11yrs (53.9%). Upper central incisors were the most common teeth involved (43.8%). The male: female ratio was 2:1 with an average age at the time of trauma of 10.31 yrs (SD 2.16 yrs). Home and immediate home environs were the commonest location (18%) while falls (34.8%) and injuries during sport/play (34.8%) were the commonest causes. The commonest injuries in this randomly selected group were enamel-dentine fracture with pulp exposure (34.8%) and avulsion (28%). 66.3% received a first treatment intervention less than 24 hours following the injury. Root canal treatment was the most frequent treatment provided, especially for dental avulsion cases (100%). Treatment outcomes were split into three categories: Success (53.4%); Short-term success but long-term failure (35.6%); and Failure (11%). Significantly fewer failures occurred with: developing roots compared to completed roots (P=0.05); a good quality temporary filling (P<0.003); no mobility (P<0.001); and less than one hour extra alveolar dry time (P =0.02). No significance was reached with regard to: condition of root canal (P=0.095); extra alveolar time (EAT) (P=0.191); and type of storage medium (P=0.43). To assess and identify early clinical variables that are most predictive of treatment outcomes for avulsed and replanted permanent anterior teeth and to develop a model that will allow estimation of treatment outcome based on these variables, a retrospective study was designed and undertaken, where the dental trauma database was used to randomly identify patients who had sustained dental trauma on their permanent teeth leading to avulsion between 1998 and 2007. A data extraction form was designed and completed for each tooth. Demographic, diagnostic and treatment information recorded in the patient’s records, in addition to radiographs, were viewed and then transcribed and processed. The significance for each early clinical variable was assessed using a univariate logistic regression model. Only significant variables (P ≤ 0.05) were considered eligible for the prediction model and a c-index was then constructed for their respective predictive power. 213 patients who had received treatment for avulsed and replanted teeth between 1998 and 2007 were studied and only 105 fulfilled the criteria for evaluation.

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Bromet, Elizabeth S. "The relationship between vocational rehabilitation services, demographic variables and outcomes among individuals with psychiatric disabilities." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116127984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 171 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-171). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Chang, Chia-yu Stephanie Celeste. "Does social-demographic information predict residential outcomes in elderly stroke rehabilitation patients in Hong Kong?" Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971520.

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Chang, Chia-yu Stephanie Celeste, and 張嘉瑜. "Does social-demographic information predict residential outcomes in elderly stroke rehabilitation patients in Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971520.

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Richards, Suzanne. "Assessing the Impact of Demographic Faultlines on Workgroup Performance| A Study of Conflict and Outcomes." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615532.

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This study addressed the frequently discussed issue of a relationship between the demographic diversity of a workgroup and its performance, by empirically testing for a relationship between a complex conceptualization of diversity (demographic faultlines) and workgroup performance bifurcated into processes, specifically relationship and task conflict, and outcomes, in terms of groups member's individual satisfaction with the group, commitment to the group, liking of other group members, and intent to stay. In addition, it hypothesized processes (relationship and task conflict) as mediators of outcomes. An online survey was administered at a single firm, ultimately gathering data from a sample population of 95 workgroups, representing 389 individual members. Using hierarchical regression analysis, the strength of the demographic faultline (Fau) of each group was tested for a relationship with relationship and task conflict and workgroup outcomes. Controlling for group size, the study found Fau positively predictive of relationship and task conflict, and not predictive of workgroup performance outcomes (given the finding of no relationship between Fau and outcomes, relationship and task conflict as mediators of outcomes was not tested), confirming only one of five hypotheses. The possible impact of the sample characteristics on this field study was discussed in conjunction with the theoretical, research, and practical implications of the findings.

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Bromet, Elizabeth. "The relationship between vocational rehabilitation services, demographic variables and outcomes among individuals with psychiatric disabilities." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1116127984.

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Ponomareva, Yuliya. "Group Diversity and Demographic Faultlines : The Influence of Ethnicity, Age and Education Diversity on Group Processes and Group Performance." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5307.

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Thompson, Andrew K. "Interactions Between Race, Gender, and Income in Relationship Education Outcomes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4429.

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Researchers and policymakers have become interested in the use of relationship education programs as a means to remedy the effects of family instability. Research suggests that relationship education produces positive outcomes with some groups. However, whether populations who are socially and economically more at-risk of relationship problems and relationship dissolution are gaining from relationship education remains an open question. Ecocultural Theory is used to conceptualize the research question and to illustrate the importance of studying diverse populations. The purpose of this study is to assess relationship education outcomes for select at-risk groups. The sample for this study (n=1,907) comes from participants of a relationship education program in a Southern state in the United States. Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to analyze interactions between race, gender, and income in predicting change in individual empowerment, relationship quality, and relationship commitment following participation in a relationship education program. Results did not indicate any significant difference between subgroups of race, gender, and income. Clinical implications for relationship educators working with diverse and at-risk populations and future directions for research are discussed.

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Ferebee, Lewis Bradshaw Lynn. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT OUTCOMES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NCLB PUBLIC SCHOOL CHOICE PROVISION." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2763.

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Simion, Stefania. "Empirical essays on youths' labour markets and education." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24742.

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The first chapter assesses the impact of the cohort size on labour market outcomes. Using exogenous variation and micro-level data for France, the UK and the US, we study the effect of supply shocks measured at different ages on unemployment rates and wages during a cohort's life cycle. The results from an IV estimation show that the largest magnitude of the effects is found when the cohort size is measured at age 25. The impact of both wages and unemployment rates are temporary, however, both decreasing with time. The second chapter analyses the effects of large inflows of foreign students on English undergraduates. Our results confirm previous findings that there is no overall effect, but we identify changes in the distribution of natives. We find that top performing English students are crowded in by foreign students. It is also mainly English-born males, natives who do not have English as their mother tongue and those of Asian ethnic origins that are crowded in by foreign students. In chapter three, we aim to understand the short-term effects of changes in the level of the tuition fees charged by English universities on students' geographic mobility. Our results suggest that the increase in tuition fees in 2006/07 charged by English universities led students to enrol into universities that are closer to home, with a larger effect experienced by men and White students. Moreover, we find that students are less likely to move to universities located in rich areas.

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Epstein, Dale Judith. "The impact of parents' demographic and psychological characteristics and parent involvement on young children's reading and math outcomes." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7711.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Human Development/Institute for Child Study. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Gilson, Lucy L. "The role of procedural justice in the relationship between demographic diversity, dissimilarity, work-related affective outcomes, and creative performance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29451.

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Hamadani, Fadi. "Demographic and population-based analysis of traumatic injury transport outcomes and health-care infrastructure in Northern Québec's rural communities." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123242.

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Introduction: North American and international studies have shown mortality and morbidity rates from traumatic injury to be higher in remote and rural populations when compared to urban areas. Little research is explores the available health infrastructure and outcomes of traumatic injuries in such regions, which include Northern regions of Canada (especially British Columbia and Québec), the rural outback of Australia, remote regions in Norway, and very isolated areas in the U.S, amongst others. In isolated Northern Québec communities, transport to the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), a level-I regional trauma centre is the only option for complex trauma care. This study aims to provide: (1) a demographic analysis of the Northern Québec region, with an emphasis on characterizing the available health care infrastructure; (2) the mechanisms and rates of injuries in the North that require transfer; (3) transfer times and outcomes in patients with traumatic injury from this region.Methods: A manuscript focusing on trauma patient transport outcomes from Northern Québec is incorporated into this thesis. For this portion, quantitative data from trauma cases transferred to MUHC from Northern Québec was obtained from the MUHC trauma registry (Jan 1, 2005 to Dec 31, 2009). Demographic and health services data was obtained from the Reseau universaitaire integre de santé de l'Universite McGill (RUIS), the administrative coordinator of health and trauma services in Northern Québec. We identified mechanisms of injury, transfer times, and survival results in trauma patients transported to the MUHC from Northern Québec and compared the results to a population of trauma patients transported from Montreal's local suburban hospitals.Results: Pertinent literature was identified and summarized to provide an overview of rural and remote trauma experience. Emphasis was placed on ecologic analysis of rural trauma outcomes, use of geographic mapping systems and other scores to quantify remoteness, and a descriptive comparison of rural trauma experiences in Canada, Australia, and Norway. Assessment of the Northern Québec trauma experience revealed that the MGH received 9952 traumas during the study period. 254 of these patients were from the North and had an ISS above 15. 1027 patients with an ISS above 15 were transported from local suburban hospitals. The mean age for the local transport groups was > 40 years and form the North it was > 30. Both groups had a predominantly male population, the majority of whom had sustained blunt trauma. Motor Vehicle Collision was the most common mechanism in the Northern Québec population, averaging 40%. Penetrating trauma was the cause of 21.7% of all transports from Northern Québec, whereas it represented 12.5% of the injuries seen in the local transport population. Patients transferred from the Northern region with an ISS > 15 had a significantly higher mortality rate.Conclusion: Despite the selection and referral biases inherent in observational data of this type, the higher mortality rate observed in patients transferred from Northern Québec likely reflects challenges in timely transport and advanced care. Improved outcomes may result from enhanced/systematic training of local care providers, improved triage and rapid transport protocols.
Introduction: L'Amérique du Nord et des études internationales ont montré des taux de mortalité et de morbidité de lésion traumatique à être plus élevés dans les populations éloignées et rurales par rapport aux zones urbaines. Très peu de recherches évaluer l'infrastructure de santé disponibles et les résultats de traumatismes dans ces régions, qui comprennent les régions du Nord du Canada (en particulier la Colombie- Britannique et du Québec), l'arrière-pays rural de l'Australie, des régions éloignées en Norvège, et des zones très isolées dans le Etats-Unis, parmi d'autres. Dans les collectivités isolées du Nord du Québec, le transport vers le Centre universitaire de santé de Montréal (CUSM), un centre régional de niveau-1, est la seule option pour les soins de traumatologie complexe. Cette étude vise à fournir: (1) une analyse démographique de la région du Nord du Québec, en mettant l'accent sur la caractérisation de l'infrastructure des soins de santé disponibles, (2) les mécanismes et les taux de blessures dans le Nord qui exigent le transfert; (3) les temps de transfert et les résultats chez les patients présentant une lésion traumatique de cette région .Méthodes : Un manuscrit en se concentrant sur le traumatisme du patient résultats de transport du Nord de Québec est incorporé dans cette thèse. Pour cette partie , les données quantitatives des cas de traumatologie du CUSM transférés à partir du Nord du Québec ont été obtenues auprès du CUSM traumatisme registre (1 Janvier 2005 au 31 Décembre 2009 ). Les données démographiques et de santé ont été obtenues auprès des services du Réseau universitaire intégré de santé de l' Université McGill (RUIS) , le coordonnateur administratif des services de santé et les traumatismes dans le Nord du Québec . Nous avons identifié des mécanismes de blessure , temps de transfert , et les résultats de la survie chez les patients victimes de traumatismes transportés à CUSM de Nord québécois et comparé les résultats à une population de patients traumatisés transportés soit dans des hôpitaux de banlieue locales de Montréal .Résultats: La littérature pertinente été identifiés et résumés de donner un aperçu de l'expérience de traumatisme régions rurales et éloignées. L'accent a été mis sur l'analyse basée sur la population des résultats ruraux de traumatologie, l'utilisation de systèmes de cartographie géographique et d'autres partitions de quantifier l'éloignement, et une comparaison descriptive de l'expérience des traumatismes en milieu rural au Canada, en Australie et en Norvège. Évaluation de l'expérience des traumatismes du Nord québécois a révélé que le MGH a reçu 9952 traumatismes au cours de la période d'étude. 254 de ces patients étaient du Nord et avait une ISS au- dessus de 15. 1027 patients avec un ISS plus de 15 ont été transportés dans les hôpitaux de banlieue locales. L'âge moyen pour les groupes locaux était > 40 ans, pour les groupes Nord du Québec > 30, avec une population à prédominance masculine, dont la majorité avait subi un traumatisme contondant. Collision d'un véhicule automobile est le mécanisme le plus fréquent dans les groupes Nord du Québec, avec une moyenne de 40 %. Traumatisme pénétrant était la cause de 21.7 % de tous les transports en provenance du Nord, alors qu'elle représentait 12.5 % des blessures observés dans la population locale. Les patients transférés de la région du Nord avec un ISS > 15 avaient un taux de mortalité significativement plus élevée.Conclusion : Malgré les biais de sélection et d'orientation inhérentes aux données d'observation de ce type, le taux de mortalité plus élevé observé chez les patients transférés de Nord québécois reflète probablement les défis en matière de transport en temps opportun et les soins. Amélioration des résultats peuvent résulter d'une meilleure / formation systématique des prestataires de soins locaux, l'amélioration de triage et les protocoles de transport rapides.

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Zhelo, Inessa. "Impact of Economic, Political, and Socio-Demographic Factors on the Parliamentary Election Outcomes in Central and Eastern European Countries." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29712.

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This study determines how economic, political, and socio-demographic factors impact the parliamentary election outcomes in central and eastern European countries in transition period. A one-way fixed-effect method has been applied to analyze two main economic models. The dependent variables are share of the Western-oriented and traditional-oriented parties. Data of sixteen countries have been used in the thesis. According to the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that outcomes of parliamentary elections in central and eastern European countries depended on political and socio-demographic factors from I 990-2001. Factors such as loans, received from the United States, per capita in the pre-election year, as a measure of external pressure, and share of agriculture in GDP, as a measure of country`s level of development, demonstrate consistent significance in both variations of the model.

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Premuda, Conti Paola. "Demographic and service variables as predictors of state-federal vocational rehabilitation system competitive employment outcomes among consumers with traumatic brain injury /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1791777431&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009.
"Rehabilitation Institute." Keywords: Competitive employment, Traumatic brain injury, Vocational rehabilitation, Employment outcomes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-198). Also available online.

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Premuda-Conti, Paola. "DEMOGRAPHIC AND SERVICE VARIABLES AS PREDICTORS OF STATE-FEDERAL VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION SYSTEM COMPETITIVE EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES AMONG CONSUMERS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/274.

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Working is a form of societal participation highly valued in American culture. The state-federal vocational rehabilitation system helps people with disabilities obtain and maintain employment in their communities. Although some people with traumatic brain injury return to work with minor adjustments, high proportions do not return to former employment or find work after their injuries. Analyzing vocational rehabilitation services, and other variables that impact competitive employment outcomes for this population, is important. This study examined the association of types and degree of limitations to functional capacities, and competitive employment outcomes; and selected VR services, and competitive employment, after controlling for demographic variables. The sample for this study consisted of 340 consumers of Illinois state-federal VR system whose cases were closed in fiscal years 2006 and 2007. Eligible individuals with TBI who did not receive services were also described (N=120). The present study also provided information on the types and reasons for case closure, length of rehabilitation, case expenditure, types and number of services received, and weekly earnings at case closure. Contrary to expectations, the degree of limitation across all areas of functional capacity, used by VR counselors to determine severity of disability, and priority for services, were not found to be significantly related to competitive employment among customers with TBI. Results also found that, when relevant demographic characteristics are controlled, the odds of achieving competitive employment increased significantly for VR clients with TBI in Illinois who received job placement and on-the-job supports. For clients who were of minority background, received SSI/SSDI at application, or had lower socioeconomic status (based on income, education and pre-service work status), these odds significantly decreased. Service variables were stronger predictors of competitive employment than demographic variables. Implications, future directions, and limitations of this study are also discussed.

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Hansen, Ryan C. "Exploring the Effects of 1:1 Laptop Implementation on Quantifiable Student Outcomes in Junior High School Science Classes Between Demographic Subpopulations of Students." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1355.

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Digital technology is becoming increasingly affordable and schools are engaging in 1:1 implementations faster than research can support. Laptop implementations in a 1:1 ratio promise personalized instruction and more access to enriched curriculums and information. As schools transition, it is imperative they know and can predict what the impact on measures of student achievement will be. This is especially so for more “at‐risk” student populations. During the 2010‐2011 school year, a Utah junior high school implemented a 1:1 laptop program to investigate the demands of 1:1 implementation prior to other area schools making similar transitions. Exploratory research was conducted on science classes to investigate the initial reaction of different demographic groups to a 1:1 laptop implementation. Four measures of student outcomes were evaluated (academic credits gained, class grades, attendance, and incidents of discipline referral). After 5 months of 1:1 implementation in science, it was found that: Most demographic groups experienced little or no change in measured outcomes after the laptop was introduced 1:1. There were no demographic groups that performed significantly better with laptops than they did previously without them. Low‐income White students performed relatively worse on academic measures than did all other demographic groups after laptops were introduced. Low‐income ethnic minority students measured slight improvement on class grades after laptops were introduced, and this reaction appeared to be different from the lowincome White students. Students who participated in a laptop computer class that was in addition to their science class achieved slightly better grades in science than did students who only used the laptop in science. The introduction of laptops appeared to have little or no consistent influence on student attendance or discipline referral although teachers did state classroom management required adjustments after laptop introduction. Because of the different responses by the more “at‐risk” student populations to 1:1 implementation, it is important that additional research be conducted on the different reactions of demographic subpopulations in the 1:1 setting. This exploratory study helped provide a referential foundation and questions from which additional research and more effective laptop implementations can begin.

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Schrieff, Leigh. "Investigating severe pediatric traumatic brain injury in South Africa : a demographic profile of admissions, brain oxygenation and neuropsychological outcomes and an attention-training intervention." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10647.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The aim of this dissertation was to investigate severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) in South Africa. To that end, I conducted three studies, each examining a different aspect of severe pTBI. Study 1 presents a demographic profile of trends in severe pTBI admissions to the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RXH) from June 2006 to April 2011. Study 2 examines the associations between secondary injury, as manifest by low brain oxygenation (PbtO2), and neuropsychological outcomes in severe pTBI. Study 3 evaluates the efficacy of an attention-training intervention for severe pTBI, and discusses the implementation of that intervention in the context of a low- and middle-income country. All three studies were cross-sectional and quantitative.

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Mattison, Amira Conservilla. "Do Early Elementary Teacher Ratings of Classroom Behavior Predict Similar Outcomes Across Demographic Groups? An Examination Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K)." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6317.

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Research suggests that how teachers perceive the behavior of individual children in the early years of elementary school has important implications for the school success of those youth over time (Darney et al., 2013; Hibel et al., 2010; Jimerson et al., 1997; Reinke et al., 2008). This may be because children who are of concern to teachers are often identified for practices such as grade retention and/or special education placement. Although these practices are intended to help children, they have not been shown to be associated with long-term positive outcomes. Rather, youth who are subject to these practices experience negative outcomes more often than their peers, including lower academic achievement, higher rates of exclusionary discipline, and lower rates of high school graduation (Darney et al., 2013; Sullivan & Bal, 2013; Stearns et al., 2007). From an educational equity standpoint, it is important to understand how early elementary teacher concerns are related to outcomes over time for children from different demographic groups. It may be that teacher concerns regarding behavior for some children (e.g., boys, children from minority backgrounds, poor children) are more likely to lead to educational practices (e.g., special education, retention) that have been associated with poor outcomes for youth. The purpose of the current study was to examine how early elementary teacher behavior ratings were related to long-term outcomes for youth and whether those relationships were similar for youth of different races, gender, and socioeconomic statuses (SES). Three research questions were posed: (1) Do teacher behavior ratings in kindergarten and first grade predict special education placement and/or grade retention by fifth grade and/or school suspension by eighth grade? (2) To what extent are the relationships between these variables moderated by student gender, race, and/or SES? (3) To what extent are special education placement, grade retention, and school suspension related to each other? Archival data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort of 1998 (ECLS-K) were used to answer these questions. Results showed that teacher perceptions of behavior problems in early elementary school significantly predicted all three aforementioned outcomes. Of the various teacher-perceived behavior problems measured, approaches to learning (e.g., paying attention, being organized) was the most predictive. Black students with teacher-perceived weak approaches to learning were at higher risk than their White peers with weak approaches to learning for being retained and suspended. Additionally, female students with perceived weak approaches to learning were more likely to be retained than their male peers with weak approaches to learning. Special education, grade retention, and school suspension outcomes were weakly correlated with each other. The weak correlations among these outcomes suggests that youth who are perceived to be behaviorally at risk can potentially be on different paths that lead them to experience different long-term outcomes. Implications for educators, researchers, and policymakers are discussed.

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Reinhold, Mario [Verfasser]. "Four essays on demography and labour market outcomes / Mario Reinhold." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/112266527X/34.

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Mernitz, Sara E. "Long-term Cohabitation: Prevalence, Predictors, and Mental Health Outcomes." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468949233.

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Tekleselassie, Tsegay Gebrekidan. "Three essays on the impact of institutions and policies on socio-economic outcomes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65535/.

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This thesis consists of three self-contained essays. It examines the impact of institutions and cross-border policies on socio-economic outcomes. The first essay focuses on the impact of religiosity, general and political trust, local participation, and welfare metrics on well-being in rural areas using the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey. Ordered probit methods reveal distinctive determinants of overall life satisfaction and momentary happiness. Broader socio-economic factors such as religiosity and political governance strongly predict life satisfaction, while largely welfare metrics drive momentary happiness. The second essay studies the determinants of cross-border flows of people for tourism, personal, or business purposes with a particular emphasis on the role of visa policies using instrumental variable estimation for outbound travel to a cross-section of countries for 2005 and 2010. We adopt the UN General Assembly Affinity Index, a measure of the quality of bilateral relations between nations, to instrument for bilateral visa policy. The affinity index explains 22% of the variation in visa policies in both 2005 and 2010. We find that, ceteris paribus, imposing visa reduces travel by about 80% and 73% in 2005 and 2010 respectively implying restrictive visa policies discourage cross-border travel significantly. We also find an adverse impact of restrictive visa policies on travel and tourism-related revenues and employment. The third essay addresses the role of the United States Visa Waiver Program (VWP) on inbound travel. We employ Difference-in-Difference (Diff-in-Diff) estimation on panel data in respect of US inbound travel from eight countries newly admitted to the program in 2008, versus several comparison (control) groups including ten aspirant - so-called `roadmap' - countries in the process of negotiation at the same time. We also restrict the treatment and comparison groups to Europe to reduce potential bias arising from heterogeneity and unobserved country characteristics. Treating the policy as a quasi-natural experiment allows a neater identification of the impact of visa policies on travel. We conclude, ceteris paribus, admitting a country to the program increases inbound travel from that country to the US by 29% to 44%.

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Cearley, Jennifer Joy. "Outcome and demographic differences between males and females in a sample of adjudicated youth /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1537009691&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Collazo, Allison Grace. "Code status designation: analysis of appropriate documentation, associated patient demographics, and outcomes in the hospitalized patient." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5379.

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Transportable Physician Orders for Patient Preferences (T-POPP) is a POLST (Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment) paradigm medical order form currently being developed as a bi-state initiative. T-POPP allows patients with serious illnesses to permit, limit, or refuse medical interventions. This thesis describes the documentation surrounding current resuscitation status orders for accessibility and clarity in the medical record prior to the regional implementation of T-POPP, in order to better understand at baseline how useful the present system is. Three code status designations are currently in use at KU Hospital relative to cardiac arrest: Full Code (which permits any and all resuscitative efforts); LAR, limited attempts at resuscitation (which permits certain medical interventions and limits others); and DNAR, do not attempt resuscitation (which limits all resuscitative interventions). This study methodology consisted of a systematic review of chart abstractions and reviews for patients with LAR and DNAR instructions in March 2011 from the University of Kansas Hospital. This study explores the prevalence of such orders, how decisions regarding these orders are documented in the medical record for clarity and accessibility, and associated patient demographics. Accessibility and clarity of such documentation is paramount. This study found that there is a high prevalence (96.2%) of documentation regarding code status orders, though significantly lower prevalence of documentation with clarity and accessibility; the highest level of clarity is found in orders with direct quotes and paraphrases; the highest level of accessibility is found in resuscitation status notes and chart notations in the code status order comments section; and that advance directives are not usually available at bedside to provide guidance for plan of care at point of care.
Thesis (M.S.W.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Social Work

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Gonzalez, Christine. "Investigating patterns among demographics, identification practices, interventions, and educational outcomes for students with serious emotional disturbance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4328/.

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This study explored potential patterns of association among the demographic characteristics, identification practices, educational interventions, and educational outcomes for students with serious emotional disturbance (SED) as well as specifically investigated the impact of age at identification with SED and the presence of co-occurring disabilities. Data was gathered from the educational records of students with SED in seven rural to semi-rural districts in Texas. Demographic information included gender, ethnicity, age at identification with SED, and identification with co-occurring disabilities. Identification variables that were investigated include the five federal qualifying criteria for SED, IQ score, and BASC and/or CBCL scores. Intervention variables that were explored included placement setting, restrictiveness of placement setting, type of related services provided, parental attendance at multidisciplinary team meetings, number of multidisciplinary team meetings, and total time spent in special education as a student with SED. Outcome variables that were examined included achievement levels in reading and math, attendance, special education status, and grade retention. Results suggested that earlier identification with SED is related to placement in less restrictive settings, achievement within two years of grade level in reading, and lower average number of absences. The presence of co-occurring disabilities in addition to SED is associated with placement in more restrictive settings and with achievement that is two or more years below grade level in reading and math. Additional findings and implications for future research as well as for current practice are discussed.

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Tillyer, Rob. "Social Conditioning of Police Officers: Exploring the interactive effects of driver demographics on traffic stop outcomes." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1222898894.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisor: Robin Engel. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb.25, 2009). Keywords: Policing; Racial Profiling; Social Conditioning Model. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Clodi, Dennis R. Laymon Ronald L. Strand Kenneth H. "The relationship between educational tax rate referendum outcome and both campaign strategies and selected demographic variables." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1987. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8806854.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1987.
Title from title page screen, viewed August 22, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Ronald L. Laymon, Kenneth H. Strand (co-chairs), Robert L. Arnold, Sally B. Pancrazio, William F. Stimeling. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-96) and abstract. Also available in print.

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El, Amiri Sawsane. "Etiological Beliefs about Illness in Panic Disorder: Relationship with Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Impact on Treatment Response." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35992.

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Purpose: The relation between the causal attributions of individuals with panic disorder (PD) and their health outcomes remains relatively unexplored. Therefore we examined 1) the relationship between participants’ etiological beliefs about PD and baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and 2) whether participants’ etiological beliefs about PD predicted compliance, clinical response, and side effect profiles with the treatments they were assigned. Method: The study included 251 participants. A series of multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between participants’ causal attributions, measured by the Etiological Model Questionnaire, and their baseline characteristics. To determine whether these beliefs predicted treatment outcome, logistic and linear regressions were conducted. Results: Our results revealed that participants with a family history of psychiatric illnesses were more likely to endorse biological etiological beliefs whereas those with a younger age, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and a history of suicide attempts were more likely to attribute their illness to psychological causes. Participants experiencing impairment in family life endorsed both psychological and environmental causal beliefs, while those reporting higher fear of body sensations and agoraphobic cognitions were more likely to attribute their illness to biological and psychological causes. With regards to treatment outcome, results indicated that participants who endorsed psychological and environmental etiological beliefs experienced more severe symptoms 12 weeks following treatment; irrespective of the type of treatment they received. Implications: The consideration of individuals’ causal attributions might help health-care professionals better assist clients by communicating a more balanced perspective of the causes of PD and deliver interventions that are in line with clients’ individual beliefs.

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Söderström, Ulf. "Type 1 diabetes in children with non-Swedish background : epidemiology and clinical outcome." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-32843.

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Sweden holds third place of diabetes incidence in young people after Finland and Sardinia. One fifth of the population is nowadays of foreign descent. We have a substantial number of immigrants from countries where the risk for T1D is considerably lower. Migration as a natural experiment is a concept to assess the risk for diabetes in offspring of immigrant parents and assess the interaction between genetics (genotype) and the impact of environment (phenotype). Aims: To study the risk of incurring diabetes for children of immigrant parents living in Sweden (I) and further study the risk if the child is born in Sweden or not (II); to specifically study and evaluate if children from East Africa have increased risk to develop T1D (III). To investigate if clinical and sociodemographic status at T1D onset differs between immigrant children compared to their Swedish indigenous peers (IV). Finally to study the clinical outcome and the impact of socio-demographic factors at diabetes onset after three years of treatment (V). Methods: All five studies are observational, nationwide and population based, on prospectively collected data. Statistics mainly by logistic and linear regressions. Results: Parental country of origin is a strong determinant for diabetes in the offspring. Children born to immigrant parents seem to keep their low risk compared to their Swedish peers (I). When adding the factor of being born in Sweden, the pattern changed; there was a significantly (p < 0.001) increased risk for T1D if the child was born in Sweden (II). East Africans have a substantial risk for T1D and especially if the children are born in Sweden (III). Immigrant children and adolescents have worse metabolic start at T1D onset compared to their indigenous Swedish peers (IV). After 3 years of treatment, the immigrant children had a sustained higher median HbA1c, compared to their Swedish peers (V). Conclusions: Genotype and influences during fetal life or early infancy have an important impact for the risk of T1D pointing towards epigenetics playing a substantial role. Children with an origin in East Africa have a high risk of incurring T1D. Immigrant children have worse metabolic start at T1D onset, which sustains after three years of treatment

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Pilavci, Burak. "On-pitch success in UEFA Champions League : an empirical analysis of economic, demographic and traditional factors." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-22568.

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This paper’s aim is to discover the impact of economical, demographic and traditional determinants on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League. Generally it is assumed by people that financially strong clubs tend to win on the pitch most of the time. Is it really true? Is it always the same wealthy teams which win in the end? Football is a type of entertainment and people would like to see games with uncertain outcomes and a balanced competitiveness between two sides. In this way they can enjoy this entertainment. In that case, how uncertain is the outcome and how balanced is the competition in UEFA Champions League? In order to answer all these questions a multiple regression analysis is built including economic, demographic and traditional variables both at club and country level. These mentioned explanatory variables are GDP per capita of the home country, population of the host city, total market value of the team’s players, capacity of the stadium, country’s participation in international tournaments, club’s age, rank of the next best team from the same country and country’s hosting an international tournament. It turned out that financially advantageous clubs which have stadiums with larger capacities and located in more populated cities have more chances of winning than the others. Then again, it is observed that countries’ football tradition and dedication does not have a significant impact on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League.

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Knyszek, Brittney Lynn. "The Impact of Visual Aids on Prenatal Genetic Counseling Session Patient Outcomes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1338515186.

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Hedding, Kirsty. "A descriptive study of demographics, triage allocations and patient outcomes for a private emergency centre in Pretoria for 2018." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32761.

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Background Triage aims to detect critically ill patients and to prioritise those with time-sensitive needs. It also contributes to the overall efficiency of an emergency centre (EC). International systems have been relatively well researched; however, no data exists on the use of the SATS score in private healthcare settings in SA. Objectives This study aimed to describe the demographics, triage allocations, time spent in EC and disposition of all patients presenting to a private hospital EC in Pretoria, South Africa in 2018. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was undertaken. Data relating to demographics, triage, and hospital disposition were collected on all patients presenting to the EC during the 2018 calendar year. Descriptive data analyses were conducted in Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 29 055 patients were included in this study. More than half (57.6%) were adults aged 18 to 60 years and approximately one-fourth (27.5%) were paediatrics (<18 years). The majority of patients were triaged yellow (73.5%); 17.4% were triaged as red and orange. It took, on average, 28 minutes to be seen by a provider and patients spent an average of 2 hours and 20 minutes in the EC. Delays to be seen exceeded standards for red and orange patients at 8 and 18 minutes respectively, and the mean time these patients spent in the EC was higher (2h 51 minutes and 2h 47 minutes respectively). Most patients (76.1%) were discharged; 5.6% were admitted to ICU/high care, 14.4% to the general ward, and 3.9% either absconded or refused hospital treatment. Of patients triaged red and orange, 11.1% and 49.3% were discharged respectively, and these patients used the most resources . Conclusion This study found that most of the patients were triaged into low acuity categories (yellow and green) and discharged home. High acuity patients were usually admitted to ICU or high care; however, these patients experienced delays in being treated and admitted. Causes of these issues, and implications on patient outcomes remain unknown. Large numbers of high acuity patients were ultimately discharged home. Further studies are needed to understand the influence of triage accuracy on these patients' outcomes.

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Li, Zhen. "Minority migration from 1985 to 2005 in China| Migration process, migration outcomes, and socioieconomic incorporation at destination places of four ethnic minority groups." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10109581.

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As internal migration started to increase in the late 1970s in China, ethnic minorities have also participated in this demographic event to improve their livelihood. However, minority migration has been much neglected in the current literature. To fill the gap in the literature, the dissertation aims to: (1) examine migration selectivity and destination selection process of ethnic minorities in China; (2) investigate whether migration can lead to upward socioeconomic mobility for ethnic minorities; (3) assess the extent of socioeconomic integration of minority migrants at destination places; (4) reveal and explain differences in patterns of migration and destination adaption across ethnic groups; and (5) uncover temporal patterns of minority migration, migration outcomes, minority integration at destinations. To achieve these goals, this dissertation makes use of the micro-data of the 1990 China population census, the 1995 mini-census, the 2000 census and the 2005 mini-census.

Regarding minority migration process, model results suggest that education selectivity of minority migrants is mostly positive, but it is only consistently observed for the Zhuang. While migrant networks and co-ethnic networks does not matter much for the out-migration decision for minorities, they do weigh more on minority migrants’ decision as to where to go. Minority migrants tend to go to places with larger migrant networks. In general, they also go to places with more co-ethnics, but the effect of co-ethnic networks reveals important group-specific differences.

Minorities can mostly benefit from engaging in migration. However, what is interesting is the finding that the Uyghurs stand out as the only minority group that shows a trend of deteriorating migration outcomes. Moreover, evidence also reveals that for the Uyghurs and the Zhuang, long-distance migration is not more beneficial than short-distance migration.

Finally, very different patterns of incorporation at destination communities emerge from the analyses. The relative position of the Uyghur migrants to the Han is declining over time and in the most recent time period, they are doing significantly worse than their Han counterparts. The Hui and the Koreans are doing more successfully. Surprisingly, the Zhuang migrants are disadvantaged to the Han and this disadvantage is consistent across time.

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Landeis, Marissa. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal Justice Contact: The Role of Parenthood, Early Adulthood Outcomes, and Gender." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1594987690115211.

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Mellott, Leanna Marie. "The Association Between Maternal Relationship Transitions and Child Behavioral Outcomes: An Examination of Selection Effects and the Mediating Impact of Parenting." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1284119193.

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Stapel, Christopher J. "SCHOOL, FAMILY, AND FAITH: SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES OF NONMETROPOLITAN SEXUAL MINORITY STUDENTS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/2.

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Social institutions in rural communities tend to be highly interrelated and social ties tend to be dense and multiplex. Human ecological theoretical models posit that all institutions in which an individual is embedded interact in complex ways. As such, this dissertation examines the influences of school, faith, family, and risk contexts on the grade point averages of students who attended school in nonmetropolitan counties in Appalachian Kentucky. Using data disaggregated by gender from nearly 5,000 adolescents, I identified risk and protective factors on grade point averages by attraction type (exclusively opposite-sex attracted, same-sex attracted, and unsure of attraction), identified differences in grade point averages between attraction types, and identified mediators and moderators of the relationship between attraction type and grade point average. School belonging positively influenced the grade point averages of unsure males and religious belief negatively influenced the grade point averages of same-sex attracted males. In general, sexual minority students reported lower grade point averages than their exclusively opposite-sex attracted peers. Among same-sex attracted males and females, this disparity in grade point average was mediated by school belonging. Among unsure males the variation in grade point average was largely explained by engagement in risk behaviors. The relationship between sexual attraction and grade point average was moderated by religiosity, marijuana use, and labor market optimism.

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Huffman, Anthony M. "The Influence of Parent-Child Gender Arrangements and Family Demographics on Young-Adult Outcomes of Postsecondary Education Experiences: An Investigation Using NCES 2002-2012." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1438421036.

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Prince, Barbara F. "Sexual Minorities and Social Context: An Examination of Union Formation, Labor Market Outcomes, and Coming Out." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530121583412651.

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Sylla, Daouda. "Essays on Culture, Economic Outcome and Wellbeing." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31202.

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Chapter 1: The Impact of Culture on the Second-Generation Immigrants’ Level of Trust in Canada Trust is one of the main elements of social capital; it determines the extent to which an individual cooperates with others. In this chapter, I assess whether cultural factors influence the level of trust in the population of second-generation immigrants in Canada. This paper is related to two strands of empirical literature. The first analyses the determinants of trust and the second studies the cultural transmission of values, attitudes and beliefs. I follow closely the literature on the cultural transmission and use an epidemiological approach to assess whether trust of second-generation immigrants is affected by their cultural heritage. This approach consists of comparing information about the outcomes of second-generation immigrants with that of the country of origin of their ancestry. We apply this approach using the Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS), the World Value Survey (WVS) and the European Value Survey (EVS). Estimation results show that the average level of trust in the countries of origin of the ancestors of the second-generation immigrants has a strong significant impact on their level of trust. Thus, individual whose country of ancestry displays a high level of trust, tend to have a high level of trust. This provides evidence that individuals’ level of trust is not only explained by their personal experiences, characteristics, and the environment in which they live; but also by the culture in their country of ancestry. This means that culture does matter! I find that the results remain robust even if certain key countries are omitted or a different data set is used. Chapter 2: Decomposing Health Achievement and Socioeconomic Health Inequalities in Presence of Multiple Categorical Information This chapter presents a decomposition of the health achievement and the socioeconomic health inequality indices by multiple categorical variables and by regions. I adopt Makdissi and Yazbeck's (2014) counting approach to deal with the ordinal nature of the data of the United States National Health Interview Survey 2010. The findings suggest that the attributes that contribute the most to the deviation from perfect health in the United States are: anxiety, depression and exhaustion. Also, I find that the attributes that contribute the most to the total socioeconomic health inequality are ambulation, depression and pain. The regional decomposition results suggest that, if the aversion to socioeconomic health inequality is high enough, socioeconomic health inequalities between regions are the main contributors to the total socioeconomic health inequality in the United States. Chapter 3: Accounting for Freedom and Economic Resources in the Assessment of Changes in Women Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa This chapter assesses the importance of freedom in women’s wellbeing in twelve Sub-Saharan Africa countries by using data from Demographic Health Surveys. This paper presents a poverty comparison by using the stochastic dominance approach and relies on the economic resources and freedom as the two aspects of wellbeing which evokes the multidimensionality of poverty. This study is related to the following three pieces of literature: the sequential stochastic dominance, the multidimensional poverty, the Sen’s capability approach which is based on freedom. This paper is built on Makdissi et al. (2014) but differs from it in a number of respects. First, it focuses on poverty instead of welfare. Secondly, it applies the Shapley decomposition to determine the contributions of the economic resource distribution and the incidence of the threat of domestic violence to poverty changes over time. Consistent with previous work on the importance of freedom, I find that more freedom, i.e. less threat of domestic violence, affects women’s wellbeing positively since it decreases women’s poverty. The results indicate that women’s wellbeing has improved in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda, Senegal, and Zimbabwe and deteriorated in Ethiopia, Nigeria and Tanzania.

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Gordon, Diandra Renee. "Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Socioemotional Development from Early to Middle Childhood." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429799346.

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Waddle, Cinnamond Karen E. "VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OUTCOMES FOR HISPANIC CONSUMERS IN TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT AREAS AND NEW IMMIGRANT DESTINATIONS: A 17-YEAR TREND ANALYSIS." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/13.

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At the end of the 20th century, economic and political forces converged to create an unprecedented migration of Hispanics across and within U.S. borders. Many migrated for work in new destinations like the Southeast instead of traditional regions in the Southwest. In the Southeast many communities struggled to meet the economic and social needs of its newest members of a population that grew seemingly overnight. The state-federal vocational rehabilitation system is an important service to meet the economic and social needs of people with disabilities that impair their ability to work. Current scholarship suggests Hispanics and other minorities experience disparities in the state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) system in access, services and outcomes. To date there are not any studies that examine the VR trends for Hispanics with disabilities in the VR system in general and or specifically compare new destinations compared to traditional settlement areas. This study used a federal archived administrative database (RSA-911) to analyze 469,427 cases over a 17-year period (1997 to 2013) of Hispanic consumers between ages 18 and 64 in the two regions. A human capital and social capital conceptual framework guided the study, as VR services can be interpreted as services that build human capital and social capital to increase economic opportunity and independence. Declines in application, services, and successful outcomes occurred, but rates significantly differed between the two immigration destination types. An overall downward trend in application rates existed. Both regions experienced increases in eligibility, though in the Southeast a much steeper increase occurred. Overall, consumers in Southwest received more services, but the Southeast had better overall rehabilitation and employment outcomes. However, both regions declined in service and outcomes of the 17-year period. In addition, consumers in both regions received significantly more human capital building services, although social capital building services had higher rates of rehabilitation and employment

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Gomes, João Carlos Pereira. "Impacto do envelhecimento populacional no atendimento de emergência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5169/tde-28022019-100750/.

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Introdução: O estrato da população com 60 anos ou mais está crescendo mais rapidamente do que grupos etários mais jovens em todo o mundo. Há um aumento desproporcional nas visitas de idosos aos serviços médicos de emergência (SME), com taxas mais altas de resultados adversos. Objetivos: Descrever as características sociodemográficas do usuário do SME de um hospital terciário e investigar diferenças nos desfechos por sexo e idade. Desenho: Estudo analítico observacional transversal. Fonte de dados: Dados administrativos eletrônicos de saúde (2009 a 2013). Local do estudo: Pronto-Socorro do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brasil. Participantes: 222.387 adultos que visitaram o serviço de emergência terciária uma ou mais vezes durante o período. Métodos: As principais variáveis categóricas foram sexo, ano e faixa etária, que incluiu \"adultos jovens\": 18 a 39 anos; \"adultos maduros\": 40-59; \"idosos jovens\": 60-79; e \"muito idosos\": 80- 109. As variáveis contínuas foram idade, tempo de internação e tempo de permanência na UTI. Os desfechos foram hospitalização, estadia na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e óbito. Análise estatística: Calculamos a estatística descritiva; em seguida, construímos modelos lineares mistos generalizados (GLMM) para cada desfecho e estimamos as razões de chances (odds ratios - OR) com intervalo de confiança de 95% para as variáveis categóricas independentes. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%, com correção de Bonferroni. Resultados: Analisamos 333.028 atendimentos consecutivos não programados no SME. A proporção dos atendimentos atribuídos aos adultos jovens diminuiu anualmente (44,4% para 38,2%), enquanto a de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais aumentou (24,1% para 29,9%). Os OR para internação, internação em UTI e mortalidade associada a idosos foram 3,49 (IC 95% = 3,15-3,87), 1,27 (1,15-1,39) e 5,93 (5,29-6,66) respectivamente, tendo como referência adultos jovens. O sexo masculino foi discretamente associado a hospitalização (OR= 1.37, IC 95%=1,30-1,44) e a mortalidade (OR=1.14, IC 95%=1,07-1,21). O tempo de permanência na UTI e o tempo de internação não diferiram entre os grupos etários. Conclusões: Entre 2009 e 2013, diminuiu a proporção de visitas dos adultos jovens no SME, enquanto a das pessoas com 60 anos ou mais cresceu. As taxas de hospitalização e de mortalidade aumentaram com a idade em ambos os sexos. A idade é um fator de risco relevante para hospitalização e mortalidade, mas não para internação em UTI. Os muito idosos correm maior risco e demandam estratificação adicional em subgrupos
Background: The stratum of the population aged 60 years or over is growing faster than younger age-groups worldwide. There is a disproportional increase in Emergency Department (ED) visits by older people, with higher rates of adverse outcomes. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of ED users in a tertiary hospital and to investigate differences in outcomes by sex and age. Design: Observational cross-sectional analytic study. Data source: Administrative electronic health data (2009 to 2013). Setting: The ED of the Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: 222,387 adults who visited the tertiary ED one or more times during the period. Measurements: The main categorical variables were sex, year and age-group, which included \'young adults\': 18-39 years; \'adults\': 40-59; \'young-older adults\': 60-79; and \'old-older adults\': 80- 109. The continuous variables were age, length of hospital stay (LOS) and length of Intensive Care Unit stay (LIS). Outcomes were hospitalization, use of intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality. Statistical analysis: We calculated descriptive statistics; then, built generalized linear mixed models for each outcome to produce estimated Odds Ratios (95% confidence interval) for independent categorical variables. The significance level was 5% with Bonferroni correction. Results: We analyzed 333,028 consecutive unscheduled ED visits. The proportion of visits attributed to young adults decreased annually (44.4% to 38.2%), while those of people aged 60 or over increased (24.1% to 29.9%). ORs for hospitalization, intensive care use and mortality associated with old-older adults were 3.49 (95% CI= 3.15-3.87), 1.27 (1.15-1.39) and 5.93 (5.29-6.66) respectively, with young adults as the reference. Male sex was weakly associated with hospitalization (OR= 1.37, 95%CI=1,30-1,44) and mortality (OR=1.14, 95%CI=1,07-1,21). LOS and LIS did not differ among age groups. Conclusions: Between 2009 and 2013, the proportion of \'young adults\' ED visits reduced while those of people aged 60 or over increased. Hospitalization, ICU stay and mortality rates increased with age. Age is an important risk factor for hospitalization and mortality, but not for ICU admission. Old-older people are at the greatest risk and demand further subgroup stratification

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Haile, Yohannes. "Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management: Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.

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Lessoway, Kamea. "Perception of quality of life for adults with hearing impairment in Aotearoa / New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Communication Disorders, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9599.

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AIMS: This study investigated the perception of generic and disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) for adults living with hearing impairment (HI) in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ). This study aimed to answer three questions: (1) What is the perception of HRQoL amongst adults with hearing impairment in NZ? (2) How do these perceptions compare to adults with HI living in other countries for which we have data? (3) What are the demographic and audiometric variables related to device ownership? METHOD: HRQoL, demographic, and audiometric information was collected from 126 adults in NZ. The following demographic information was collected: age, relationship length, hours worked per week, income, ancestry, sex, level of education, city size, and sexual orientation. The following audiologic information was also collected: ownership of hearing aids (HA), ownership of hearing assistance technology (HAT), better-ear pure-tone average (BEPTA), worse-ear pure-tone average (WEPTA), and signal-to-noise ratio loss (SNR loss). HRQoL information was collected using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36; Ware & Sherbourne, 1992), and the Hearing Handicap Inventory (HHI) for both elderly (HHIE) and adults (HHIA; Ventry & Weinstein, 1982; Newman, Weinstein, Jacobson, & Hug, 1991). Variables discriminating HA and HAT owners from non-owners were also analysed. RESULTS: The relationship between demographic variables and HRQoL scores revealed that only age and income were significant. Audiometric variables had significant relationships with disease-specific HRQoL scores, as well as HA and HAT ownership. Finally, disease-specific HRQoL scores and all audiometric variables differentiated HA owners from non- owners, but demographic variables did not. Generic HRQoL scores and all audiometric variables differentiated HAT owners from non-owners. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the negative impacts of HI on HRQoL as reported overseas are also present in NZ, and that not only do audiometric variables including SNR loss are related to HRQoL, but HRQoL is a significant predictor for HA and HAT ownership. Further QoL research is warranted amongst the HI population in NZ to identify and understand any causal relationships present amongst these variables. Furthermore, HRQoL instruments and a test of speech understanding in noise have been shown to provide additional meaningful information, and therefore clinicians might consider including them during consultation.

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Abdul, Fathima. "Demographic variables and outcomes of labour disputes." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5935.

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The present study aimed to explore whether demographic variables are predictors of labour review case outcomes. In order to investigate the aim of the present study, two research questions were put forward. The first question centered on whether demographic variables of the parties in a case, are predictors of reviews outcomes. In addition to looking at these broader patterns, the study also focused more specifically on whether the demographic variables of presiding officers predict the outcomes of reviews of CCMA cases. The present study is classified as archival in nature and is quantitative, non-experimental and an ex post facto design. The sample for the present research was gathered by analysing Labour Review Reports that was accessed through the University of the Witwatersrand Library. A sample of 100 case reports was gathered in order to make accurate inferences from the sample about the target population. A Chi-Square test of association was conducted on the data gathered. There was no significant in relation to gender, age and case outcomes. On the other hand, race of the judge, applicant and respondent did provide evidence of significance. However, as a result of insignificance, log linear modelling could not be conducted.

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Ralise, Mantsebo Elizabeth. "Outcomes of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital: impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25384.

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A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Medicine at the University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, 16 April 2018.
Background: Chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney disease are becoming a huge health challenge. The optimal treatment is renal transplantation but due to low rates of transplantation most patients who are enrolled in the chronic renal replacement programme are on dialysis. This study aimed at investigating demographic and social factors that are associated with the outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The study also investigates how co-morbidity contributed to the outcomes of PD. Methods: The study makes use of retrospective analysis of demographic data (age, marital status, residential area, race) and socioeconomic status, level of education, family support, poor access to health care system as well as co-morbidities and underlying cause of ESKD, obtained from 167 patients who were enrolled on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) over the period of 2008 - 2012 at the Charlotte Maxeke Academic Johannesburg Hospital (CMJAH). The data analysis for the present study was conducted using STATA version 14.0. To describe the demographic characteristics of the patients, frequency tables were computed for all categorical variables. For continuous variables, the Shapiro Wilk test for normality was used to assess the distribution of the data to report the appropriate central tendency measure i.e. mean±SD or median (IQR). To assess the contribution of demographic factors to the overall outcome of CAPD, a Fisher’s exact test of comparison was used to assess the difference between the proportions for each demographic factor and CAPD outcome. The Fisher exact test was used because the proportions for each frequency table included a proportion below five (<5). To assess how the relationship of demographic and co-morbid disease affects the outcome of the treatment, a multivariate logistic regression model was fitted adjusting for co-morbid disease for each of the demographic factors. Findings and interpretation: Of 167 patients enrolled, the majority were black with low levels of education, living in townships and 56% were on subsisting on disability grants. PD failure occurred in 53.3% of patients over the study period and 46.7% were successful on PD. Of the variables tested, age was statistically significant for CAPD outcomes [Fisher exact test (p= 0.004)], indicating a significant difference in the proportion of CAPD outcomes among different age categories). The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis did not show significant association with CAPD outcomes. Adherence also significantly impacted on outcomes in both univariate and multivariate analyses, showing that non-compliant patients were less likely to have successful outcomes on PD. In addition, the Fisher exact test showed no significant difference in the distribution of CAPD outcome with marital status while the multivariate analysis showed that single patients were three times more likely to succeed with PD compared to married patients. These could be due to chance, because of the small sample size, and require further investigation. Conclusions: Prospective studies are needed to fully understand the extent that demographic and socioeconomic factors impact on the outcomes of PD. This will assist in formulating comprehensive recommendations and ways to improve PD utilization and outcomes.
LG2018

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Demographic Outcomes'

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