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Academic literature on the topic 'Demographic changes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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Journal articles on the topic "Demographic changes"

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Bhandari, Kamala. "Demographic Changes in Nepal." Journal of Population and Development 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43476.

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The study tries to examine how the demographic changes has been occurred within the sub regions of the country by using selected indicators based on the existing data sheet of census 2011 and found Nepal has experienced very rapid demographic changes over the last three decades. The size and the density of the population have increased although the annual growth rate has been declined during a decade. As indicated by sex ratios there are more females than males in total population. The large volume of population are living in urban area (63%) and in province 3(21%) and small volume in province 6 (5.9%) though it is large state by an area. Since 1980 Nepal has seen significant declines in its total fertility rate and crude birth rate, crude death rate and infant mortality rate, alongside significant improvements taken place in life expectancy. This has resulted in noticeable changes in the age structure of the population in the country, the share in the population of children is shrinking against growing numbers and proportions older population aged 60 and above with large proportion of young working age population throughout the nation. This phase is also commonly known as the phase of youth bulge; demographic dividend’s or the window of opportunity and due to a higher percentage of young aged population, population momentum has been persistent. The window began in 1992 and projected to be up to 55 years. So it is the period for Nepal to utilize its young population in development.
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Vishnevskii, Anatolii G. "Demographic Changes and Nationalism." Sociological Research 34, no. 2 (March 1995): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154340230.

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Vishnevskii, Anatolii G. "Demographic Changes and Nationalism." Russian Social Science Review 37, no. 4 (July 1996): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rss1061-1428370459.

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Ewers, Michael. "Consequences of demographic changes." Journal of Public Health 13, no. 1 (October 28, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-004-0081-y.

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MEHTA, JAY B., THOMAS M. ROY, SHIRLEY K. HUGHES, RYLAND P. BYRD, and LEO M. HARVILL. "Demographic Changes in Tuberculosis." Southern Medical Journal 92, no. 3 (March 1999): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199903000-00004.

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Laslett, Peter. "Interpreting the demographic changes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1363 (December 29, 1997): 1805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0165.

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The paper sets out the novel shape of current Western populations as to age composition, and demonstrates that their drastic ageing has been virtually instantaneous. European populations are described as uniquely old, with no precedent whatever in human history. Moreover, all the world's populations are undergoing the same process, including those of the developing societies, at an even faster pace. The general failure of people at large to recognize the process, and their persistent, entirely anachronistic attitudes to the older members of their societies, is described as cultural lag. The development now beginning of the so–called bean–pole family, vertical kin links between contemporary relatives stretching over four generations or more, with progressively fewer lateral linkages, is sketched out. The necessity of all persons having to live in the presence of their future selves is insisted on, with its corollary about having to pay personally in lowered subsistence levels for the doubled life span. The emergence of what is termed a third age is run over, and it is suggested that its presence might create a new civilization, one of the features of which might be the absence of enforced idleness due to unemployment.
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Diczfalusy, Egon. "The demographic revolution." European Review 7, no. 2 (May 1999): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700004038.

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Ten non-violent revolutions are considered, characteristic for the second half of the 20th century, that profoundly changed our world and our perception of it. Perhaps the most important of those, the demographic revolution, resulted in unprecedented changes both in population size and structure. An attempt is made to analyse the ‘big perhaps’, some of the incompletely comprehended economical, medical, social, ethical and political consequences of present and projected demographic changes.
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BOŃKOWSKA, KATARZYNA, SZYMON SZYMCZAK, and STANISŁAW CEBRAT. "MICROSCOPIC MODELING THE DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, no. 10 (October 2006): 1477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183106009539.

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We have adapted the Penna ageing model to simulate the profound changes in the age structures of populations caused by the better life style, medical care and decrease in birth rate. In Poland, after the political transformations in the last decade of the twentieth century, the increase in the expected lifespan has been accompanied by very deep decrease in birthrate, much below the minimum necessary for keeping the constant size of the population. Our microscopic model describes the changes in the age structure which have already happened and predicts the future, assuming that our attitudes in respect to life style and social relations will not change.
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Nagayasu, Jun. "Regional deposits and demographic changes." Applied Economics Letters 19, no. 10 (July 2012): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2011.608634.

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Jakoš, Aleksander. "Demographic changes in towns in Slovenia." Urbani izziv, no. 23-25 (1995): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-1993-23-25-005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Demographic changes"

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Konchenko, E. "Demographic changes – overpopulation." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11668.

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Braude, Jacob 1969. "Economic effects of demographic changes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9007.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-91).
This thesis examines several economic implications of demographic changes. Chapter 2 documents a relation between the age structure of economies and their real exchange rate. The relation varies with the level of development. Among developed countries a 10 percentage point higher ratio of old people to the working age population is associated with a 12-15 percent higher price level. In middle income developing economies, a 10 percentage point increase in the ratio of children to the working age population is related to a 4 percent increase in the price level. A simple model attributes the findings to the effect of the age groups on the demand for nontradables. Its calibration indicates that this explanation can account for a substantial part of the observed effect of the elderly. It is also consistent with the much smaller impact of children. The fact that the significance of the elderly is limited to developed countries further supports the argument. The generational conflict hypothesis argues that the elderly might use their political power to reduce public resources for children. It is usually tested by exploiting the localized nature of school funding in the US. Chapter 3 takes a different approach using cross-country data on family benefits. I find a positive relation at the national level between the generosity of these benefits and the share of the elderly in the electorate. The findings can add to the debate on local school funding. I also suggest that the effect of the elderly may reflect the larger proportion of women among them. Chapter 4 shows that individuals with no post-secondary education are less supportive of public R&D spending. This points to possible political economy causes of technological change. A high proportion of educated voters may accelerate such change by expanding public R&D outlays. Thus an increased supply of skilled workers could raise the relative demand for them. The difference in support for R&D spending suggests that it favors skilled workers either by directly employing them or indirectly by generating skill-biased technological change.
by Jacob Braude.
Ph.D.
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Zhang, Qi. "Three Essays on Demographic Changes and International Trade." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31936.

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Chapter 1: A Population Aging Analysis for Canada Using the National Transfer Accounts Approach: This analysis develops a new data set for Canada using an accounting methodology called National Transfer Accounts (NTA). NTA permits building an accounting system that introduces age into national accounts. NTA is consistent with the conventional national accounts and allows the estimation of lifecycle patterns for labour income and consumption from private and public sources. It also allows the calculation of per capita and aggregate lifecycle deficits (LCD) or surpluses (LCS) in an economy. In this chapter we calculate Canada’s per capita and aggregate LCD for 2006. Using demographic projections for the next five decades, we present the aggregate LCD in Canada for the period 2006 to 2056 assuming a constant per capital LCD during this time horizon. The projection results show that labour income needs to increase rapidly or consumption needs to be cut significantly to compensate for the pressure on the aggregate lifecycle deficit as a result of population aging. Chapter 2: An Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium (OLG-CGE) Model with Age-dependent Rates of Time Preference: This analysis develops a methodology to introduce an age-dependent rate of time preference to calibrate an OLG-CGE model with per capita age profile consumption path derived from the NTA framework of Chapter 1. The results show that the economic impact from an aging population will be significant. The living standard will decline by 15% from the present to 2050 and decline by 20% by the year 2105. To reduce such a decline, the Canadian government may introduce policies that could encourage labour force participation. We analyze the impact of: a) an increase in the general labour force participation rate for age 20 to 64; b) an increase in the labour force participation rate for workers aged 50 to 64; c) late retirement. Our results suggest that maintaining the current standard of living will be extremely difficult after 2026. Nevertheless, this would help reduce the economic pressure from population aging. Chapter 3: 9/11 Security Measures and North American Security Perimeter: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis: The objective of this analysis is to assess the impact of the North American Security Perimeter (NASP) on both the Canadian and the U.S. economies. The NASP is a change in Canada-U.S. security paradigm that would allow the liberalization of the post 9/11 security measures at the Canada-U.S. border. This study applies a multi-sector and multi-region general equilibrium model together with econometric analysis. After simulating the NASP, Canada’s capital market was found to become more attractive. Under the NASP, the welfare of Canada is estimated to increase by $19 billion or 1.8% of GDP, and that of the U.S. is estimated to increase by $32 billion or 0.3% of GDP.
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Housseini, Bouba. "Essays on demographic changes, health and economic development." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30745/30745.pdf.

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Dans un contexte de changements démographiques, ma thèse de doctorat vise à clarifier deux questions principales : i)comment évaluer le progrès des nations lorsque les populations diffèrent en taille, longévité et répartition des revenus ? et ii)quels sont les effets de la fécondité et de la mortalité sur la croissance économique en Afrique subsaharienne ? La première partie (chapitres 1 et 2) élucide la manière dont les changements en taille de la population, en longévité et en répartition des revenus pourraient être socialement évalués, tandis que la seconde partie (chapitre 3) fournit un cadre de politique publique et des éclairages sur les moyens de réaliser une dividende démographique dans le contexte de l’Afrique subsaharienne. J’adopte deux approches différentes pour aborder ces questions. La première partie utilise une méthode welfariste qui développe et applique (sur l’Afrique subsaharienne) des fonctions et critères d’évaluation sociale intertemporelle adaptés aux populations de taille et de durée de vie variables. La deuxième partie utilise une approche économétrique qui développe et estime un modèle d’équations simultanées des déterminants de la mortalité, de la fécondité et de la performance économique en utilisant des données de panel des pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Le chapitre 1 explore les principes axiomatiques et welfaristes d’évaluation du bien-être social dans un cadre intertemporel. Il apporte des réponses à certaines des limites des méthodes existantes dans la littérature, en proposant en particulier une fonction d’évaluation sociale qui échappe à la conclusion répugnante temporelle, qui est neutre vis-à-vis de la fragmentation des vies et qui satisfait la cohérence temporelle de niveau critique. Pour ce faire, nous caractérisons une fonction d’utilité intertemporelle de niveau critique qui évalue la vie de manière périodique. Pour palier les controverses sur l’actualisation ou pas des utilités à travers le temps, deux versions de la fonction sont développées, l’une avec actualisation et l’autre sans. Le chapitre 2 met l’accent sur la manière d’évaluer le progrès des nations lorsque les populations diffèrent en taille, en longévité et en répartition des revenus. Le cadre d’analyse est ensuite appliqué au contexte démographique (particulier) de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Les résultats indiquent que la contribution de la taille de la population au bien-être social dépend des considérations éthiques concernant le choix d’un niveau critique au-delà duquel une vie est considérée comme digne d’être vécue (ou améliorant le bien-être social). La durée de vie n’a pas un effet significatif sur le bien-être social avant la transition démographique. L’explosion démographique observée au cours du dernier siècle en Afrique subsaharienne a détérioré le bien-être social pour des valeurs de niveau critique supérieures à 180$ par année, soit environ la moitié du seuil bien connu de pauvreté d’un dollar par jour. Cela corrobore l’idée souvent émise selon laquelle le ralentissement de la croissance démographique en Afrique subsaharienne n’ élèverait pas seulement le niveau de vie moyen, mais augmenterait également le bien-être social en général. Le chapitre 3 développe et estime un modèle économétrique des déterminants conjointes de la fécondité, de la mortalité et de la performance économique en Afrique subsaharienne afin d’identifier les actions de politique publique pour accélérer la transition démographique dans la région et par conséquent réaliser son corollaire de dividende démographique. L’analyse s’appuie sur un modèle économétrique d’équations simultanées utilisant des données de panel multi-pays pour la période 1960-2010. Pour faire face au problème d’endogénéité, nous adoptons la méthode des variables instrumentales en exploitant différentes sources de variations exogènes du revenu par tête, de la fécondité et de la mortalité. Les résultats montrent que chaque année supplémentaire en espérance de vie à la naissance implique une croissance du revenu par tête de 13,1%. En outre, un doublement du revenu par tête entraîne une augmentation de la longévité de 6,3 ans. Toutefois, les relations entre la fécondité et le revenu par tête et l’espérance de vie à la naissance ressortent être ambigues en raison certainement de la dépendance des économies de l’Afrique subsaharienne aux ressources naturelles et au commerce international. Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de promouvoir la transformation structurelle des économies de l’Afrique subsaharienne afin d’accélérer la transition démographique dans la région et réaliser une dividende démographique.
In a context of demographic changes, my PhD thesis aims to clarify two main questions: i)how the progress of nations can be evaluated when populations differ in size, longevity and income distribution? and ii)what are the effects of fertility and mortality on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)? The first part (chapters 1 and 2) elucidates how changes in population size, longevity and income distribution can be socially evaluated while the second part (chapter 3) provides a public policy framework and insights on how the demographic dividend can be captured in the Sub-Saharan Africa context. I adopt two different approaches to analyse these questions. The first part uses a welfarist method that develops and applies (to SSA) intertemporal social evaluation functions and criteria suitable to variable populations. The second part uses an econometric approach that develops and estimates a simultaneous equations model of the determinants of mortality, fertility and economic performance using country-level panel data from SSA. Chapter 1 explores the use of axiomatic and welfarist principles to assess social welfare in an intertemporal framework. It attempts to overcome some of the limits of existing methods in the literature, in particular by avoiding a temporal repugnant conclusion, by neither penalizing nor favoring life fragmentation, and by satisfying critical-level temporal consistency. It does this by characterizing a critical-level lifetime utility function that values life periodically. To address some of the controversies in discounting utilities across time, two alternative versions of the function are developed, one with discounting and one without. Chapter 2 focusses on how the progress of nations can be evaluated when populations differ in size, longevity and income distributions. The framework is applied to the (particular) demographic context of SSA. The findings indicate that the contribution of population size to social welfare depends on ethical considerations regarding the choice of a critical level above which a life is considered to be worth living (or social welfare improving). Length of life does not have a significant effect on social welfare prior to the demographic transition. SSA’s demographic explosion over the last century has worsened social welfare for critical-level values greater than $180 per year, i.e. roughly half the well-known dollar-a-day poverty line. This supports the often heard view that slowing down demographic growth in SSA may not only increase average living standards but may also raise overall social welfare. Chapter 3 develops and estimates an econometric model of the joint determinants of fertility, mortality and economic performance in SSA in order to identify public policy actions to accelerate the demographic transition in the region and consequently to achieve its corollary demographic dividend. The analysis builds on a simultaneous equations econometric model using multi-country panel data for the period 1960 - 2010. To deal with endogeneity, we use the instrumental variable approach, exploiting different sources of exogenous variations of per capita income, fertility and mortality. The results show that each additional year of life expectancy at birth implies a growth of per capita income of 13.1%. Also, a doubling of per capita income leads to a rise in longevity of 6.3 years. However the relationships between fertility and both per capita income and life expectancy at birth appear to be ambiguous probably due to the dependency of SSA economies on natural resources and international trade. Our findings point to the necessity of fostering the structural transformation of SSA economies in order to accelerate the demographic transition in the region and to capture the demographic dividend.
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Das, Minakshi. "The Pattern of demographic changes in Darjeeling hill areas : implications for future generations." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1273.

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Rutigliano, Roberta. "Fertility and family ties in times of demographic changes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669620.

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This thesis investigates how big economic and demographic changes over the past century influence fertility dynamics with a particular focus on family ties. The first chapter investigates the role of type of partnership in shaping fertility behaviours. Comparing two orthogonally different countries like Norway and Spain, we analyse differences in fertility behaviours between cohabiting and married couples in both countries. For Norway, we find a significant association between selection into either partnership type and fertility, whereas for Spain, a newcomer to cohabitation, we find a significant association between fertility and selection into marriage. The second chapter analyses the role of the so called “bean-pole” family on fertility. It investigates whether would-be grandparents’ propensity to care for their grandchildren influences their transition into parenthood. Considering national context, I estimate distinct models for different groups of countries. Comparison across 11 countries from the first two waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe reveal that grandparental childcare propensity has a positive and significant effect on the transition into parenthood for both pronatalist (Belgium, France) and protraditional countries(Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland). The third chapter focuses on grandparental childcare provision. By using an instrumental variable approach, it explores the effect of grandparental childcare, during the first year of the first born, on the risk of a second birth transition among UK couples. The analysis is carried out using the first five waves of the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Results show a positive and significant effect of grandparental childcare on the risk of second birth. This effect is slightly weakened by level of income
Aquesta tesi investiga com els grans canvis econòmics i demogràfics ocorreguts durant l’últim segle han influenciat les dinàmiques de fertilitat, amb especial èmfasi en els vincles familiars. El primer capítol investiga el rol del tipus de parella en la configuració dels patrons de fertilitat. Mitjançant la comparació de dos països ortogònicament diferents, Noruega i Espanya, analitzem les diferències d’aquests dos països en els comportaments de fertilitat entre la cohabitació i el matrimoni. A Noruega trobem una associació significativa entre la selecció en qualsevol tipus de parella i la fertilitat, mentre que per a Espanya, a on el fenomen de la cohabitació és més recent, trobem una associació significativa entre la fertilitat i la selecció al matrimoni. El segon capítol analitza el paper de l'anomenada família bean-pole en la fertilitat, analitzant en detall si la propensió dels futurs avis a cuidar els seus néts influeix en la transició cap a la paternitat dels seus fills. En aquest cas, i tenint en compte el context nacional, es calculen diferents models per a diferents grups de països. La comparació entre 11 països de les dues primeres ones de l'Enquesta de Salut, Envelliment i Jubilació a Europa (SHARE) revela que la propensió a cuidar els néts té un efecte positiu i significatiu sobre la transició cap a la paternitat, tant per als països pro-natalistes (Bèlgica, França) com per als països pro-tradicionals (Àustria, Alemanya, Grècia, Itàlia, Espanya i Suïssa). Per últim, el tercer capítol es centra en l’efecte que produeix l’atenció als primer néts per part dels avis sobre un possible segon naixement entre les parelles del Regne Unit. Mitjançant l'ús d'un enfocament de la variable instrumental, l’anàlisi es realitza mitjançant les primeres cinc ones del Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Els resultats mostren un efecte positiu i significatiu dels avis en el risc d’un segon naixement. Aquest efecte està lleugerament debilitat pel nivell d'ingressos.
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Shi, Niu 1963. "Demographic changes and genetic variation of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) population." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277907.

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The objectives of this study were to describe demographic change in an alfalfa population and determine whether genetic changes were associated with stand loss in an alfalfa field during the year of establishment. A nondormant composite population (AZ-88NDC) was sown at 1944 seeds per square meter in Oct. 1988 at Tucson, AZ. Only 29% of the seeds sown germinated and emerged. Survivorship curve of the emerged seedling population had some characteristics of Deevey type III. Two heavy mortality periods were observed. Low temperatures might be the major cause of the first heavy stand loss. The second significant stand loss could be explained by increased density stress. Isozyme profiles were produced from 60 day survivors dug from the field, unselected greenhouse-grown AZ-88NDC (='Unsel') and 300-d progenies produced by intermating plants surviving 300 days. Significant differences were observed in overall level of population heterozygosity of 60-d and unselected populations based on fixation indices of six isozyme loci. This suggests that genetic changes may be associated with establishment of an alfalfa stand.
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Miller, Elizabeth Jill, and res cand@acu edu au. "Burden of Care: Ageing in urban China and Japan: Gender, the family and the state." Australian Catholic University. School of Social Work, 2002. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp22.29082005.

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This thesis examines how rapid demographic, social and economic changes are impacting on traditional care for the urban aged in China and Japan as both experience world record rates of ageing caused by greater longevity and lower birth rates. The challenge for their governments is to foster active contribution by the healthy aged to society and protection for the frail aged. China lags behind Japan in special treatment for senior citizens. The manner in which these two countries handle the ageing of their populations could provide valuable lessons for Australia in the future.
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Kanayo, Ogujiuba. "Public sector spending in Nigeria: implications for poverty, demographic changes and millennium development goals target." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4652.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Over the last two decades, budgetary allocations to both the Health and Education sectors have been on the increase in Nigeria, while a counter-factual feedback on its effects for various economic groups and distributional effect for different population households has not been defined and well known. The resultant effect has been gross inefficiency and sub-optimality in terms of observed outcomes of the fiscal framework. In-addition, there have been a continuous quest by the citizenry for increased allocations to these sectors because of its supposed impact on the poverty index and standard of living. Although this is a compelling reason, but what is worrisome and equally troubling, is that the increasing incidence of poverty and expanding inequality in the Nigerian society have not mitigated, despite the scaling up of funding on the social sectors. Furthermore, the current level of socioeconomic development in Nigeria is not in tandem with the distributive outcome targets set by the 2004 reforms. Thus, understanding the current structure of poverty in Nigeria as well as beneficiaries of public sector spending provides a sound basis for tackling inequality and redesigning the current pro-poor frameworks. However, our analysis is focused on the distributional spread of beneficiaries from services and the counterfactual reciprocity of expenditure benefits rather than measuring the exact value to recipients of government-sponsored services. Our research methodology used the 2004 Nigerian Living Standard Survey; 2010 Harmonized Nigerian Living Standard Survey; Recent Cros-sectional data (2014) in South East Nigeria and secondary sources. Econometric methods (Error Correction Method); Marginal Odds estimation techniques, Concentration Curves and Ordered Logistic Regression were used for our analysis. Statistical and Econometric Software’s (E-Views; SPSS; DAD and STATA) were used for estimations. Econometric results showed misalignments between population dynamics and public sector expenditure on education, health and economic services. The government consumption expenditure was not sensitive to demographic changes. The derived adjustment coefficients of -1.38, -1.51 and 0.51 respectively, for education, health and economic services indicate huge gaps in terms of what optimal spending should have been, giving the population dynamics. Our benefit incidence analysis indicates that substantive gains have been made at the primary education and health care level, at the state level for SE Nigeria but there is a gross misapplication of funds at the secondary and tertiary levels of both education and health sectors. Results show that the state governments’ is subsidizing the rich at the levels of both secondary and tertiary for education and health care. In addition, country wide results indicate that apart from public primary education and health care for urban residents, no other level of social service was absolutely progressive in general terms, by gender or by location while the tertiary level of both services were regressive as shown by the 2010 survey results, in comparism to the 2004 survey results. Using the Ordered Logistic Regression, our result inclines to the lifecycle hypothesis which maintains that poverty oscillates depending on the age. At a younger age, it tends to be on the high side and decreases during the middle ages and increases with age. Our results discards the feminization of poverty general framework that women or female headed households are more prone to poverty due principally to low education and lack of opportunity to own assets such as land amongst others. This wasn’t the case for the South East Region of Nigeria. Estimates indicate that education status, health status and access to health facilities affected the category of welfare of head of households and invariable, the entire household. In general, our analysis shows misalignment of social expenditure for various population groups, both at the federal and state levels; making doubtful the realization of basic MDGs. Nigeria has to combine growth policies and assuring that demographics count, with the poor fully participating in economic development. Also, the need for a refocusing in resource allocation taking into cognizance gender dimensions cannot be overemphasized. A general re-allocation of spending going to females and the poorer households would lead to improvement in gender equality and health status of women and children. Expediting actions towards qualitative education will lead directly to an acceleration of many of the other MDGs, especially those focusing on the reduction of poverty and inequality. To attain MDG targets (post 2015) within a shorter period of time, there is the need to improve the quality of social infrastructure and services. Furthermore, research should be focused on improving knowledge and understanding of what policies, technologies and investments matter for sustained growth in the country. This will create the much needed multiplier effect on other aggregates. The degree to which the poor participate in the growth process and share in its proceeds matter; both in the pace and pattern of growth. It is therefore important to have categorization of the population into economic groups when formulating a developmental framework for poverty reduction programmes. The study recommends sequencing of interventions, strengthening of institutions and other several interrelated areas to attain effectiveness of public sector spending.
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Saha, Kartick. "Demographic profile of North Bengal in colonial and post-colonial period (1871-1991): study on economic, cultural and political changes." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2775.

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Books on the topic "Demographic changes"

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(Netherlands), Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken. Demographic changes and development cooperation. The Hague, The Netherlands: AIV, 2009.

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Helliwell, John F. Demographic changes and international factor mobility. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Yorke, Karen. Demographic changes and market implications in Japan. Menlo Park, CA (333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park 94025): SRI International, Business Intelligence Program, 1987.

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Jamshed, Ali, ed. Macroeconomic implications of demographic changes in Kenya. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 1998.

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K, Srinivasan. Developmental and demographic changes in India since independence. Dharwad: J.S.S. Institute of Economic Research, 1987.

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Fortin, Mario. Demographic changes and real housing prices in Canada. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2000.

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Changes in marriage practices: A micro-demographic assessment. New Delhi, India: Inter-India Publications, 1996.

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Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Demographic changes and real housing prices in Canada. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2000.

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Barrow, Lisa. Not working: Demographic changes, policy changes, and the distribution of weeks (not) worked. [Chicago, Ill.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2004.

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Chŏng, Sang-hwa. Demographic changes and economic security in Northeast Asian countries. Kyon̆ggi-do Sŏngnam-si: Sejong Yŏn'guso, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Demographic changes"

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Hospers, Gert-Jan, and Nol Reverda. "Demographic Changes." In SpringerBriefs in Population Studies, 7–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12412-4_2.

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Done, Adrian. "Demographic Changes." In Global Trends, 129–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230358973_8.

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Burki, Shahid Javed. "Demographic Changes." In Rising Powers and Global Governance, 183–93. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59815-8_10.

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Zhang, Yi. "Demographic Changes." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 1–21. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1184-0_1.

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Bhattacharya, Debleena, and V. K. Singh. "Demographic Dimensions." In Climate Changes and Epidemiological Hotspots, 61–63. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003120629-9.

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Kumagai, Fumie. "Demographic Changes in Japan." In Family Issues on Marriage, Divorce, and Older Adults in Japan, 11–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-185-5_2.

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Diebolt, Claude, and Faustine Perrin. "Changes in the Labor Force." In Understanding Demographic Transitions, 41–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44651-6_2.

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Heleniak, Timothy, Eeva Turunen, and Shinan Wang. "Demographic Changes in the Arctic." In The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics, 41–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20557-7_4.

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Hatum, Andrés. "Demographic Changes in the Workplace." In The New Workforce Challenge, 35–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137302991_3.

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Gestsson, Marias H., and Gylfi Zoega. "Demographic Changes and Economic Growth." In Stagnation Versus Growth in Europe, 71–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26952-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Demographic changes"

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"Assessment of the Changes in the Age and Sex Structure of the Russian Federation." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-2-15.

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The article analyses the changes in the age and sex structure of the Russian population over the past 20 years. The presented analysis of age and sex pyramids in 2000 and 2020 demonstrates the influence of demographic waves and events associated with them. The dynamics of indicators used to assess the transformation of the sex and age structure are considered in detail. These indicators include the share of the population of working and non-working age, the average age of the population, the coefficient of demographic load, the ageing index. The intensification of the population ageing process in the Russian Federation is noted. At the end of the article, possible social and economic consequences of the transformation of the sex and age structure are considered.
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"Assessing the Sustainability of the Development of the Higher Education System in Russian Regions in the Period of Dynamic Changes." In XIII Ural Demographic Forum.Global challenges to demographic development. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2022-4-23.

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"Еransformation of Marriage and Family Relations in the first half of the XX Century: the Example of Orenburg Oblast." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-5.

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Events of the first half of the 20th century led to fundamental shifts not only in the state structure, but also in all spheres of life of Russian society, causing economic, social and cultural changes. The most unshakeable institution — family, which for a long time represented the age-old traditions — has also undergone transformations. The idea of universal equality widespread in Russia in that time assumed equality in all spheres of society, including in the family. Now the divorce procedure, which could be initiated by a woman, was significantly simplified, the age of marriage changed, there were no restrictions for representatives of different nationalities and religions. Indeed, the new decrees concerning the family and marriage represented the most modern, most fashionable trends of the 20th century.
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"Marriage and Divorce Rate Trends in Nizhny Tagil in 1990–2020." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-21.

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The article analyses the changes in marriage and family relations of the population of Nizhny Tagil in 1990–2020 based on the data of the current statistical records and the census of 2010. The marriage rates in the city varied in waves influenced by changes in the number of Tagil residents at a young marriageable age. There was a gradual shift in the registration of marriages to a more mature age. The wide spread of repeated and unregistered marriages in the city, as well as high divorce rates indicate a violation of the stability of marriage, which negatively affects the reproduction of the population. To increase the birth rate, measures aimed at strengthening the family are necessary.
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Surjan, Gyorgy, and Zoltan Ruzsa. "Consequence of demographic changes on hospital capacity planning." In 2017 IEEE 30th Neumann Colloquium (NC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nc.2017.8263276.

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"Migration Policy on Population Formation in Closed Cities of the Ural." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-13.

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During the seventy-year period of functioning of closed settlements, the number of their inhabitants was directly dependent on the state policy regarding the need to produce military products for the needs of the country’s defence. The article analyses the population dynamics and identifies the causes and dependence on changes in state orders to backbone enterprises, as well as other factors.
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Arbidane, Iluta, Alena Bahdanava, Alena Kolesava, and Irina Tetereva. "University Brand Development Under Conditions of Social Demographic Changes." In III International Scientific Congress Society of Ambient Intelligence 2020 (ISC-SAI 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200318.029.

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TOPLICIANU, Valerica, and Loredana Cristina TANASE. "Impact of Demographic Changes on Economic and Social Life." In International Conference Global interferences of knowledge society, November 16-17th, 2018, Targoviste, Romania. LUMEN Publishing house, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.141.

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Kai, Tuomas, Markus Makkonen, and Lauri Frank. "Demographic Differences in the Effectiveness of a Physical Activity Application to Promote Physical Activity: Study Among Aged People." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.19.

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The global population is ageing and simultaneously the life expectancy at older ages is improving. To support healthy and active aging, it is imperative to find solutions to support physical activity (PA) in older age. Digital wellness technologies are a potential solution, but in order for such technologies to be successful, research is needed to gain a better understanding on their use and effectiveness among aged people. To address this need, this study investigated the effectiveness of a physical activity application to promote PA behavior among aged people of different demographics (gender, age, education, marital status). PA levels were measured before taking the application into use and after 12 months of use. The results suggest that a physical activity application can be effective in promoting PA behavior among aged people as there was a notable and a statistically significant increase in walking and total PA levels between baseline and 12-month follow-up. Regarding the demographic differences, there were very few differences in the changes in PA levels between different demographics, suggesting the effectiveness is not subject to the demographic background of the user.
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Zharkov, A. "Literacy Index of the Population of the Middle Urals in the 1960s." In XIII Ural Demographic Forum. Global challenges to demographic development. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2022-1-7.

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Based on population census data, the article compares the literacy index of the population of the Middle Urals (Sverdlovsk oblast) and the RSFSR in 1959 and 1970 and analyses the changes that have occurred over the decade. The literacy index is understood as the educational level of the population: the ratio of the number of people with a certain education to the total number of people of a certain age, in ppm. A significant increase in the literacy index of the population of the Middle Urals is noted. The share of people with incomplete secondary and secondary general education increased more intensively than in the RSFSR. However, the proportion of people with secondary professional and higher and incomplete higher education either decreased or remained unchanged compared to the national indicators, indicating a less intensive growth of these educational levels. Great successes in the development of secondary general and incomplete secondary education in the region and the presence of problems in the development of secondary professioanl and higher education are stated.
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Reports on the topic "Demographic changes"

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Helliwell, John. Demographic Changes and International Factor Mobility. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10945.

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Ang, Andrew, and Angela Maddaloni. Do Demographic Changes Affect Risk Premiums? Evidence from International Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9677.

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Bogason, Ágúst, and Elin Slätmo. Essential Service Provision and Access to Services in Nordic Rural Areas. Nordregio, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2023:1.2001-3876.

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"Essential Service Provision and Access to Services in Nordic Rural Areas" explores the challenges facing service provision in Nordic rural areas due to societal and demographic changes, climate change, and globalization, and highlights the need for adapted approaches to service provisions. The policy brief shows that demographic and societal changes have a wider impact on service provision in rural regions than just traditional welfare services. The publication also analyses essential service needs and solutions to rural service provision challenges in the Nordic region through case studies and workshops.
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Brian C. O'Neill. Improving Demographic Components of Integrated Assessment Models: The Effect of Changes in Population Composition by Household Characteristics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889032.

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Quak, Evert-jan. Guidance Note on Supporting a Demographic Transition in SSA. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.053.

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This guidance note is about how donors, can support a demographic transition in sub- Saharan Africa. The demographic transition is the evolution from high to low mortality and fertility rates, with associated changes in age structures. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are on a trajectory of rapid population growth. Mortality rates have been declining for some time while fertility rates started to fall later and at a slower pace, resulting in high population growth. It is estimated that the population of sub-Saharan Africa will double between 2020 and 2050 to 2.5 billion. This guidance note refers to support from donors to governments in partner countries in two ways. First, support to adapt to the implications of rapid population growth. Second, support to accelerate the demographic transition. Countries in sub- Saharan Africa need to be prepared for population growth and, importantly, also for a unique “window of opportunity” that occurs when fertility rates fall consistently and at a high pace during the demographic transition. With the right investments, these countries could generate economic opportunities for growth, which in the literature is called the “demographic dividend”.
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Spencer, Merianne, Arialdi Miniño, and Margaret Warner. Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 2001–2021. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122556.

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This report uses the most recent data from the National Vital Statistics System to update statistics on deaths from drug overdose in the United States. It shows rates by demographic groups and types of drugs involved, with a focus on changes from 2020 through 2021.
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Hedegaard, Holly, Arialdi Miniño, Merianne Rose Spencer, and Margaret Warner. Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999–2020. National Center for Health Statistics ( U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:112340.

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This report uses the most recent data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to update statistics on deaths from drug overdose in the United States, showing rates by demographic group and by specific types of drugs involved (such as opioids or stimulants), with a focus on changes from 2019 to 2020.
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Hedegaard, Holly, Arialdi M. Miniño, Merianne Rose Spencer, and Margaret Warner. Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999–2020. National Center for Health Statistics ( U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:112644.

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This report uses the most recent data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to update statistics on deaths from drug overdose in the United States, showing rates by demographic group and by specific types of drugs involved (such as opioids or stimulants), with a focus on changes from 2019 to 2020.
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Spieß, C. Katharina, Harun Sulak, Sebastian Klüsener, Elke Loichinger, Nico Stawarz, and Martin Weinmann. Rediscovering Demographic Change. Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12765/bro-2022-03.

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Population ageing is sometimes perceived as a threat. Demographic change, however, is not all doom and gloom, but is very diverse and can therefore also be shaped in many ways. Our look into the inner diversity of the changing population pyramids makes this clear. The depiction of the past 30 years in the selected pyramids impressively shows how the situation of different generations has changed with regard to important areas of life such as family, education, employment and mobility. The presentation of small-grained data for individual years of age allows a detailed insight into these developments.
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Khandker, Shahidur Rahman, Hussain Akhterus Samad, Nobuhiko Fuwa, and Ryotaro Hayashi. The Female Secondary Stipend and Assistance Program in Bangladesh: What Did It Accomplish? Asian Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210021-2.

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Are subsidies to female education worth supporting to enhance socioeconomic and demographic changes? This paper examines whether or not the Female Secondary Stipend and Assistance Program (FSSAP) in Bangladesh matters. If it does, how much and in what way—on both observed short- and long- term outcomes associated with female education? How did FSSAP impact the education of children, and boys in particular? The paper also explores the impact on female labor force participation, as well as age at marriage, fertility, and other effects on society.
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