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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Demographic and Socio-economic Profiles'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Zanamwe, Lazarus. "Population change and socio-economic development in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/457/.

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It is a commonly held theory that population is related to levels of social and economic development within a given country or society. The work of Becker in the early 1960s gave much impetus to studies of the relationship between fertility, mortality and migration, on the one hand and their determinants, on the other. The determinants were seen as the social, economic, political and cultural settings of the countries or socities under study. The thesis attempts to apply this theory in relation to the demographic development of Zimbabwe. The thesis postulates that socio-economic differentials within Zimbabwe are sufficiently pronounced as to begin to affect the demographic structure of the country. It is with this in mind that three objectives are set for the thesis: a) the exploration of the demographic structure of the population of Zimbabwe, as a means of furthering the understanding of the nature of the demographic development of the country; b) the development and utilization of data estimation techniques as a means of overcoming the deficiencies in the data collected from official sources; and, c) the investigation of the link between population change, on the one hand, with social and economic development on the other. The hypothesis proceeds through the examination of such social and economic variables as income, education, health and other social indicators in relation to fertility, migration and mortality. Due to the inadequacy of data on the demographic variables, the thesis estimates such data using the recognized relationships among the demographic variables. The estimated demographic measures are subjected to correlation and regression analysis after the development structure of the country has been explored through factor and cluster analysis. Three geographical scales are used in the analyses viz. the province, the district and the local authority area. Use of the three geographical scales exposes the dangers of extrapolating and generalizing national patterns of demographic, social and economic development to the levels of the district and the local authority, as well as exposing different features of the development profile of the country of Zimbabwe. The thesis concludes that there is a differentiation in the demographic profile of the various geographical regions of the country, based on inequitable distribution of resources in the past when the country was under white settler colonial rule. The advent of independence and the introduction of policies designed to reduce such inequalities had not had time to work by the time the 1982 Census, from whose data the study is based, was taken. The thesis therefore recommends that further censuses are required if the effect of such policies are to be measured. It further recommends the use of cross-temporal instead of the cross-sectional data which was applied in this study.
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2

Alencar, Lucas André de. "T-profiles: a method for inferring socio-demographic profiles from trajectories." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/157350.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Florianópolis, 2015.
Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-29T03:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 336414.pdf: 610401 bytes, checksum: 5a7a8897e54861e248beaedce87cd250 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Ter o conhecimento sobre o perfil dos habitantes de uma cidade ou país tem grande valor para administrações públicas e empresas. Conhecer o perfil de uma população pode auxiliar o trabalho de planejadores urbanos, administradores de transporte público, serviços governamentais ou empresas de diferentes maneiras como, por exemplo, decidir onde é interessante instalar uma nova loja ou personalizar anúncios para um determinado público. A forma mais comum utilizada na análise de informações demográficas de uma população é através da segmentação da mesma em perfis sócio-demográficos, como idade, ocupação, estado civil ou renda mensal. Atualmente, para que essas informações sejam descobertas e analisadas, os dados são coletados através de entrevistas realizadas de casa em casa, periodicamente, em diversos países. No entanto, este tipo de abordagem possui algumas desvantagens: 1) os dados não são atualizados e precisos, pois são coletados em um intervalo de 5 - 10 anos; 2) a coleta é muito custosa e cobre apenas uma parcela da população por um curto período de tempo, apesar de ser estatisticamente significante; 3) não caracteriza as atividades completas do indivíduo, apenas o período de 1 dia de atividades, fornecidas através da entrevista realizada. Atualmente, é possível inferir muito conhecimento a partir do comportamento das pessoas analisando seu movimento do dia-a-dia, uma vez que grandes quantidades de dados de movimento estão disponíveis como: dados de telefone celular, redes sociais, dados de GPS, etc. Nesta dissertação, é proposto um método para a extração de perfis sócio-demográficos a partir de trajetórias de objetos móveis, e apresenta as seguintes contribuições: (i) proposta de um modelo de perfil geral para representar o perfil sócio-demográfico de pessoas, como trabalhador, estudante, desempregado, etc; (ii) proposta de um modelo para representar o histórico de movimentação diária dos indivíduos; (iii) proposta de funções de similaridade para fazer o casamento entre histórico e modelo de perfil e; (iv) um algoritmo chamado T-Profiles que realiza a comparação entre modelo de perfil e modelo de histórico, com o intuito de inferir o perfil sócio-demográfico de um objeto móvel a partir de sua trajetória. O algoritmo T-Profiles é validado utilizando dados reais de trajetórias, obtendo em torno de 90% de precisão.

Abstract : The knowledge about people living in a city or country has great value for the public administration as well as for enterprises. To know the population profile may help the job of smart city planners, public transportation administrators, government services or companies in many different ways, such as to decide if and where to install a new store or to personalize an advertisement, for example. The usual approach for population demographic analysis is to segment the population in socio-demographic profiles, such as age, occupation, marital status or income. Most attempts to discover and measure the population profiles is through human surveys, and the most well-known example is the socio-demographic census with diary activities, done periodically in many countries. However, the main drawbacks of the census data is that they: 1) are not up to date since they are usually collected every 5 - 10 years; 2) are expensive to collect, and cover only a small - although statistically significant - part of the population for a short period of time; 3) do not collect the actual movement of the individuals, but only the activity performed during one day and which is mentioned by the user during the interview. We believe that nowadays we can infer much knowledge and the real behavior about people from their every day movement. In this thesis we propose a method to extract socio-demographic profiles from trajectories of moving objects, and make the following contributions: (i) we propose a general profile model to represent socio-demographic profiles of people such as worker, student, unemployed, etc; (ii) we propose a moving object history model to represent the daily movement of the object, and (iii) we propose similarity functions and an algorithm called T-Profiles for matching the profile model and the history model in order to infer the socio-demographic profile of a moving object from his/her trajectories. We validate T-Profiles with real trajectory data obtaining about 90% of precision.
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3

Majumdar, Sujit. "Enquiry into the causes and consequences of rural urban migration in West Bengal with special reference to Coochbehar District." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5169.

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4

Saha, Kartick. "Demographic profile of North Bengal in colonial and post-colonial period (1871-1991): study on economic, cultural and political changes." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2775.

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5

Murmu, Johnny. "Household decision-making in developing economics: investigation into- intra-household income distribution, educational mobility and health status in rural west Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2771.

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6

Kirillova, Ksenia. "A Comparison of Profiles and Expenditures between Volunteer and Leisure Tourists for the New Orleans Metropolitan Statistical Area." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1452.

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This research compared the expenditure patterns, profiles, and trip characteristics of volunteer and leisure tourists in New Orleans. Survey research methods were used to obtain a sample of voluntourists that was compared to a leisure tourist sample obtained from secondary data. Visitors’ expenditures across six types of spending, demographics, and travel information were collected. Data analysis included eight t-tests that revealed that voluntourists’ spending was lower in five out of six categories, total daily expenditures, and total trip spending. Voluntourists spent more on local transportation but preferred cheaper accommodations and dining, seldom gambled, shopped little at the destination, and rarely visited tourist attractions. Frequency analysis used to profile tourists discovered that voluntourists traveled greater distances to the destination than leisure tourists and came from northern states. While most leisure tourists were aged between 35-64 years, married, and neither students nor retired, most voluntourists were younger, single, and still in college.
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7

Oliveira, Patricia Isabel Henriques. "Socio-demographic factors and risk-taking." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14848.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Na literatura financeira, existem vários estudos com o objetivo de entender melhor como determinar as diferenças individuais nas atitudes perante o risco. Estas diferenças entre os indivíduos prendem-se à maneira como eles se comportam perante situações que involvam risco, nas quais a implementação de uma ação carrega um risco. Nos dias actuais é importante perceber quais são os factores que influenciam o comportamento individual de risco, isto é quais as variáveis socio-demográficas que levam a diferentes perfis de risco. No entanto, os diversos autores tem diferentes opiniões sobre este tema, existindo várias escalas que medem o nível de risco de diferentes formas, consequentemente alcançando diferentes conclusões. Usando uma amostra de estudantes do ISEG de diferentes programas, os dados foram recolhidos com base num questionário distribuido online. De forma a aceder à relação entre as diferentes variáveis sócio-demográficas, as atitudes de risco foram medidas usando duas escalas anteriormente bem estabelecidas, que avaliam em diferentes situações as atitudes e comportamentos individuais de risco. Os resultados mostram que algumas variáveis sócio-demográficas têm influência no perfil de risco dos investidores (por exemplo o sexo), enquanto outras aparentam não ter qualquer impacto. Estas descobertas podem vir a ser importantes no futuro para as empresas ter um melhor conhecimento das necessidades dos seus investidores.
In the financial literature, there are several studies with the goal to understand better how to assess individual differences in attitude towards risk. These differences among individuals rely on the way they behave in risky situations, in which the implementation of an action carries a risk. Nowadays it is important to understand which factors influence an individual's risk behavior, which sociodemographic features lead to different profiles. However, authors have different opinions on this matter and there are several scales that measure risk in different ways, consequently achieving different conclusions. Using a sample of ISEG students of different degrees and programs, data was collected based on a questionnaire distributed online. To assess the relationship between the different socio-demographic variables, risk attitudes were measured using two wellestablished existing scales which evaluate in different situations an individual's risk attitudes and behaviors. The results show that some socio-demographic variables have influence in the risk profile of the investors (e.g. gender), while other do not seem to have impact. These findings might be important in the future for companies to better understand their investors' needs.
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8

Kobayashi, Yukiko. "Demographic and socio economic characteristics of Irish migrants in contemporary Britain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272593.

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9

Farouk, Abdelhalim E. El. "Internal migration in the Sudan : some demographic and socio-economic aspects." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6171/.

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The outstanding characteristics of the population geography of the Sudan are seen in its vastness of the area, its low population density, its high population fertility, decreasing mortality rates and uneven distribution of developmental projects among its regions. All these have important effects upon the economic and de mographic characteristics of its population. They also underline the uneven distribution of the country's population, as a result of which large-scale migration movements occur. Three types of population movements in the Sudan are discussed; inter-provincial movements, rural-urban migration and seasonal migration for cotton picking in the Gezira scheme. In the discussion of the first type, the analysis covers issues related to the general levels of movements amongst the 18 provinces of the country, rates of in- and out-migration in each province and their net migration balances. Also, it discusses the spatial structure of the movement, and some gaining and losing provinces are singled out. The impacts of the movements and their selective nature are also revealed. Rural-urban migration to the capital city of Khartoum is studied using the 1983 census data, other published data and the author's 1988/89 survey of migrant households in the city. The scale of the migration and the characteristics of the migrants are analyzed. Additionally, the structure of the migrant households, literacy, occupation contrasts and links with the village are investigated. The reasons behind the migration decision and the reward of the rural-urban migration are also shown. Seasonal migration is discussed to disclose the nature of the movement and its patterns which are associated with the cotton picking operation in the Gezira scheme. The types of labour involved and labour market conditions are also investigated. The findings verified the seasonality of the movement to the scheme and the consistent relationship between migrants and tenants in the scheme.
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10

Ghosh, Prasasti. "Demographic profile and changing occupational character and economic status of the Santals of Birbhum district." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/116.

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Ngondiop, Judith D’or Donang. "Socio-demographic analysis of domestic violence against women: evidences from DHS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4431.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
The right for every woman to live free of violence is one of the basic human rights. Nevertheless, this right is still subject to violation on a massive and systematic scale around the world. At least one of three women around the world has reported been physical, sexual and emotional abuse by an intimate partner in her lifetime. Although, gender inequalities and discrimination are considered as the underlying factors of domestic violence, little is known about the contributions of the presence of sons and daughters at home, age, gender, education, marital status, working status, place of residence. Despite the fact that recommendations have been made both at the international and national levels to reduce intimate female abuse, the issue is still rampant in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the impact of women’s socio-economic and demographic characteristics on domestic violence across seven countries (Cameroon, Ghana, Haiti, Liberia, Moldova, Nepal and Philippines). Frequencies and bivariate analyses were performed using the latest Demographic Health Surveys from 2005 to 2011. The findings established that on average 33.37 percent of women across the seven countries are abused. Domestic violence is a high concern in Cameroon. The educational level still remains a predicting factor of domestic violence across the countries under investigation except in Liberia. The number of living children was also identified as a predicting factor across the studied countries. Finally, a woman having a son or a daughter at home is more likely to expose the woman to intimate violence in Cameroon, Haiti, Moldova, Nepal and Philippines. All the countries are entrenched in a culture of male domination whereby women lack the freedom to decide on marital issues. As a recommendation, the government of each of the studied countries should be more proactive in reinforcing judicial system, policies and education that will help to curb the scourge of domestic violence. Furthermore, improving the level of literacy for women and educating men as the perpetrators of domestic violence will go a long way in abating this social ill.
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Nkhumeleni, Mpho. "Supportive socio-economic conditions to achieve a successful demographic dividend in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7987.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
One of the population structures associated with demographic dividend is “demographic transition”, which is a shift from high fertility and mortality to low fertility and mortality. It is understood that low dependency ratio (shows that there are relatively more adults of working age who can support the young and the old of the populace) is one major factor in achieving a successful demographic dividend (DD) (Esther, 2013). DD refers to the fast-economic growth that is achieved by a country when there are dependency ratios. This definition means that the proportion of people of working age group (15-64) is higher, compared to those of ages lower than 15 and above 64 years (Statistics SA, 2017).
2022
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Яковенко, Р. В., and R. Yakovenko. "Socio-economic mechanism of impact on the demographic processes at a micro-level." Thesis, Kropyvnytskyy : Publications Unit of CUNTU, 2016. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/5901.

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This thesis discloses the problems of demographic development of present day Ukraine in their interrelation with the current economic situation. The author defines the levels and mechanism of socio-economic influence on demographic processes. Demographic functions of the main microeconomic categories “household” and “enterprise” were defined and a theoretically-methodological base for strengthening their role in the improvement of national demographic conditions was created. Тези розкривають проблематику демографічного розвитку сучасної України та її взаємозв’язок з економічним станом. Автор визначає рівні та механізм соціально-економічного впливу на демографічні процеси. Визначаються демографічні функції головних мікроекономічних категорій “домогосподарство” та “підприємство”, також створюється теоретико-методологічна база щодо посилення їхньої ролі в поліпшенні загальнодержавного демографічного стану.
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Lehmann, Kurt. "Understanding the Effects of Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors on Public Transit Ridership Trends." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7190.

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Public transit, an important mobility service for many, has incurred ridership decline in the U.S. for the past three years. In 2014, U.S. transit ridership was 10.74 billion unlinked passenger trips. In 2015, total ridership was 1.0 percent fewer, and the 2016 decrease was 2.2 percent from 2015. The consistent abandonment of transit in the U.S. does not seem to be ending. In 2017, ridership predicted from year-to-date data is 2.4 percent less than 2016. Furthermore, per capita ridership has decreased 17 percent since 1980. Both the short-term ridership trend and long-term per capita ridership trend is concerning given the increased spending and service provision during the same periods. In seeking to understand the many factors that influence transit ridership trends, it is important to analyze each so that policymakers and practitioners can respond and position transit accordingly. Numerous demographic and economic phenomena help explain this decline in transit use. This research focuses on five of these considerations – age, vehicle availability, telecommuting, fuel price, and geographical distribution of the population.
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Ngianga-Bakwin, Kandala. "Spatial modelling of socio-economic and demographic determinants of childhood undernutrition and mortality in Africa /." Aachen : Shaker, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0702/2006485828.html.

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16

Kubrin, Charis Elizabeth. "Neighborhood structure and criminal homicide : socio-economic and demographic correlates of homicide types and trends /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8879.

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Jakhadi, Sunil P. "Influence of socio-economic and demographic factors on crashes in rural South Carolina at sub-county level." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175186158/.

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18

Fenech, Natalino. "Bird shooting and trapping in the Maltese Islands : some socio-economic, cultural, political, demographic and environmental aspects." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1588/.

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Basak, Arindam. "Geographical study on urbanization and associated problems in North Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2782.

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Bakerman, Shahad. "A Saudi Arabian Study of the Relationship Between the Socio-Psychological Profile and Consumers’ Behavior Toward Online Shopping." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31571.

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This study assesses consumer behavior toward online shopping in Saudi Arabia by studying the factors that affect whether or not they shop online. The sample consisted of 206 Saudis approached using the “snowball” technique. Participants were all above eighteen and Internet users. Participants were asked to give the frequency of their online shopping transactions using a four-point Likert scale. They used a seven-point Likert scale to rate their opinions about trends affecting electronic commerce, companies’ marketing approaches, and other aspects of online shopping. Participants also were asked about their feelings regarding traditional and online shopping using a nine-point bipolar scale. Using the Six Dimensional Achievement Motivations Scale, they were asked to describe themselves, and finally, they were asked to rank the Rokeach Terminal Values based on their importance. The version of the Rokeach Value System used in this study is the one shortened to nine terminal values, by Munson & McQuarrie, 1988, since it reflects better relevance to consumption. Results show that, when compared to traditional shopping, participants have relatively negative perceptions of online shopping. In addition, participants’ demographics and values related to their online shopping frequency, while their achievement motivations were less related. The major limitation of this research is that it was conducted in only one city, Jeddah. Therefore, additional research should be carried out in other cities with larger samples. The research results suggest that businesses in Saudi Arabia should use online shopping as a second channel to distribute their products in addition to their physical stores. This thesis makes a distinctive contribution to the literature, as it is the first to examine the correlation between the Rokeach Value System (1973); the Six Dimensional Achievement Motivation Scale (Jackson, Ahmed, and Heapy, 1976); and online shopping behavior in the world, let alone Saudi Arabia.
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Keser, Saniye. "Investigation Of The Spatial Relationship Of Municipal Solid Waste Generation In Turkey With Socio-economic, Demographic And Climatic Factors." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611575/index.pdf.

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This thesis investigates the significant factors affecting municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Turkey. For this purpose, both spatial and non-spatial tech¬
niques are utilized. Non-spatial technique is ordinary least squares (OLS) regression while spatial techniques employed are simultaneous spatial autoregression (SAR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The independent variables include socio-economic, demographic and climatic indicators. The results show that nearer provinces tend to have similar solid waste generation rate. Moreover, it is shown that the effects of independent variables vary among provinces. It is demonstrated that educational status and unemployment are significant factors of waste generation in Turkey.
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Groenewald, Danelle. "A descriptive study of demographic and socio-economic factors influencing infant feeding practices in the Amathola district, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9114_1320323702.

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The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and socio-economic factors influencing infant feeding practices in the Amathola district, South Africa. A survey was chosen as the design method and a structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the socio-economic and demographic factors and related infant feeding choices. The study population consisted of 100 women with infants up to the age of 14 weeks, who brought their infant for immunization at the selected community health clinic (the largest clinic in the Mdantsane area). Infants up to the age of 14 weeks were used because all the visits up to 14 weeks coincide with the local immunization program, and according to WHO guidelines all infants should be exclusively breastfed until they reach the age of 6 months of age. The study found that there are many families in the Mdantsane area that suffer from poor conditions and inadequate services such as a lack of electricity, working taps or flush toilets within their dwelling, which in turn has an impact on infant feeding practices. It was found that even in poor demographic and socio-economic conditions, formula feeding is still the chosen feeding practice for the majority of mothers.

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Al-Shorayye, Saad R. "The effect of admissions policy, socio-economic factors, and demographic and personal considerations on students' performance at Kuwait University." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262449.

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Prayudi, Dedek. "Childbearing Trends in Indonesia since the 1998 Political Reform : Weighing the Roles of Economic Development and Socio-demographic Factors." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78961.

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Indonesia has experienced three different political eras: ‘old order’ under the regime ofpresident Soekarno, ‘new order’ under the regime of president Soeharto; and ‘reformationera’ in which democracy has been applied until now. The changes of economic and politicalconditions from one era to another have always gone hand in hand with the development ofthe country’s population. Many social scientists argue that old order is closely associated tohigh mortality and high fertility rate following the regime’s economic failure. On thecontrary, together with socio-economic improvement, family planning program, as one of theproduct of Soeharto regime, is often considered to be a great success in reducing thecountry’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 5.6 in the mid 60’s to 2.4 in the late 90’s beforeanother economic crisis hit the country. As Soeharto resigned in 1998, the national socioeconomyhas been changing to a great extent. This writing weighs the role of economicdevelopment on Indonesian women childbearing behavior from 1999 to 2007 given thedemographic differences. In doing so, I analyze individual-level data which contains evermarriedwomen’s detailed life-course history of childbearing and test the parity-specificeffect of women’s economic status development on their childbearing behavior through eventhistory analysis (proportional hazard regression), given the socio-demographic differences inIndonesia. This thesis suggests that since 1999, the role of socio-economic developmentposes a stronger effect than cultural and religious differences in determining the trend ofwomen’s childbearing behavior. Especially education has very strong positive effect tochildbearing.
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Zhelo, Inessa. "Impact of Economic, Political, and Socio-Demographic Factors on the Parliamentary Election Outcomes in Central and Eastern European Countries." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29712.

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This study determines how economic, political, and socio-demographic factors impact the parliamentary election outcomes in central and eastern European countries in transition period. A one-way fixed-effect method has been applied to analyze two main economic models. The dependent variables are share of the Western-oriented and traditional-oriented parties. Data of sixteen countries have been used in the thesis. According to the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that outcomes of parliamentary elections in central and eastern European countries depended on political and socio-demographic factors from I 990-2001. Factors such as loans, received from the United States, per capita in the pre-election year, as a measure of external pressure, and share of agriculture in GDP, as a measure of country`s level of development, demonstrate consistent significance in both variations of the model.
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Evangelou, Alexandros. "Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of immigrant population in Greece (1991-2011) : Comparisons from census data and vital statistics." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-171457.

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Immigrant flows in Greece after 1990 transformed Greece from a country of outwards migration to an inwards migration state. The contribution of immigrants in a globalized world of migration with sub-replacement fertility levels found in developed countries is a particularly interesting topic in demographic studies. The primary aim of this thesis is to discuss the changes of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of immigrant population in Greece focusing on Albanian and Bulgarian immigrants. In order to answer these research questions, data from the last three national population census of 1991, 2001 and 2011 as well as vital statistics for European and non-European immigrants’ fertility in Greece have been used. The analysis is based on descriptive statistics for the differential age structure of Greek population and immigrant groups. Reasons for immigration to Greece, educational attainment of immigrants, rates of unemployment and employment status of immigrant population have been used to approach the research questions. The results indicated a younger age structure of Albanian and Bulgarian immigrant population. Meanwhile, immigrant population appears to have higher unemployment rates compared to native Greek population. Finally, a substantial decline of general fertility rates for non-European immigrant women in Greece compared to native Greek women has been observed within the years of the economic recession.
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Kosar, Gizem. "An Analysis Of Homeownership Profile Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610706/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the tenure choice behavior of Turkish household heads over the period between 1985 and 2000, using a method of logit. The probability of owning the housing unit an individual lives in, is modeled by using demographic, labor market, migrational characteristics of the household head and the provincial differences as the explanatory variables. The results show that age and education of the household heads are positively correlated with probability of homeownership and they are the most influential factors determining the tenure choice of Turkish households and the discrepancy in the homeownership rates of the regions. The empirical analysis also displays that internal migrants have lower probabilities than natives and the length of stay matters the most for the tenure choice of internal migrants.
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28

Wong, Chak-ming Albert. "Feasibility study of comprehensive eye screening on low-risk persons for ocular abnormalities contribution of socio-economic and demographic variables /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971271.

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29

Kiemo, Karatu. "Towards a socio-economic and demographic theory of elderly suicide : a comparison of 49 countries at various stages of development /." Uppsala : Univ., 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4249.

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30

Madondo, Andrew. "Socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers and the clinical profile of undernourished under five year old children admitted in Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital, Botswana." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/668.

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Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2012.
Background: Despite Botswana being a middle income country undernutrition among children younger than five years of age continues to affect different parts of the country. Undernutrition can be attributed to a number of reasons which vary from region to region. There is little information on the socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers and the clinical profile of undernourished children in Francistown and surrounding villages. Purpose: To determine the socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers and the clinical profile of undernourished children admitted at Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital, Francistown, Botswana. Method: Data were collected from 113 caregiver-child pairs using a researcher administered questionnaire targeting caregivers and the child's hospital card and the child's anthropometric measurements were taken. Data were analysed using the WHO Anthro 2006 software and Stata 10. Descriptive statistics were derived and Chi -square tests were done at 5% level of significance to determine any associations. Results: The majority of the caregivers were single mothers (80%) younger than 30 years of age. Oedematous malnutrition was found in 50% of the children and was more common in males at 55%. The reasons given by caregivers as to why their children had been admitted did not relate to the child's nutritional state. The child's gender was associated with stunting (X2 = 4.0638, P = 0.044) at 5% level of significance. Looking at any associations between caregiver characteristics and the child's clinical profile only marital status was associated with child presenting with cough (X2 = 4.0947, P = 0.045) at 5% level of significance. There was no association between the caregiver characteristics and the severity of any of the three types of undernutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight). Conclusion: This study showed that the majority of caregivers were younger than 30 years of age and single. The child's gender was associated with stunting which may need more research on. Almost 50% of the children had oedematous malnutrition. Public health interventions should focus on providing caregivers with health education on the early signs of undernutrition so as to facilitate timely interventions and prevent severe cases of undernutrition.
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Ramothibe, J. C. (Joseph Colin). "The demographic and socio-economic impact of HIV/Aids on the Khomas region and the implications for the Windhoek local authority." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50131.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges faced by many countries in this century. The rate of infection is rapidly increasing and more and more people are getting ill and dying from AIDS. Of all the people living with AIDS in the world, seven out of ten live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Namibia is one of the top five most HIV/AIDS affected countries in the world. There is therefore no question about the urgent need to accelerate actions to reduce prevalence, expand care and support and extend access to treatment. AIDS is eroding decades of progress made in extending life expectancy; thus hundreds of adults are dying young or in early middle age. The national strategic plan (2004) on HIV/AIDS indicated that the average life expectancy in Namibia is now 42 years, when it could have been 60 without AIDS. A 2003 study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on Windhoek indicated that the antenatal HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Windhoek for 2002 was 27%, while the national prevalence rate was estimated at 22.3%. The prevalence rate for Windhoek is expected to reach its peak at 38% during 2005. Even though HIV/AIDS will have a diminishing effect on population growth, Windhoek's population is expected to continue growing, particular as a result of inward migration, but at a slower pace. Similarly, HIV/AIDS will have an abating effect on GDP growth as the virus will mainly affect the economic active and available labour force of the population and result in increased labour costs and skilled labour shortages. The impact on the informal sector is potentially more damaging than on the formal economic sector, as the majority of micro- enterprises and informal businesses are build around one individual. As the breadwinner dies, household income and expenditures levels deteriorate and increase poverty levels, because households within the city are very dependent on family structures to support their income levels. Informal settlements are also more volatile to HIV transmission and the majority of HIV infected individuals are likely to be found within these areas as the populations is poorer, crowded, has fewer social services facilities and is more likely migratory compared to those in affluent formal settlements. Considering that the incubation period of HIV/AIDS from infection to death takes about ten years, the real impact of current HIV infections in Windhoek will only be experienced during 2010. Health services will have to attend to a greater demand for curative services as well as to social care and support programs. Social welfare programmes will need to find ways of caring for a large population of HIV/AIDS orphans. Municipalities can playa critically important role in addressing HIV/AIDS at a local level as they are at the interface of community and government. They are ideally placed to playa coordinating and facilitating role that is needed to make sure that partnerships are built to bring prevention and care programmes to every community affected by AIDS. Therefore, in order to succeed in confronting HIV/AIDS, it is important to work closely with all levels of government as well as working with local partners in civil society that are fighting HIV/AIDS at the community level. By taking action against HIV/AIDS, municipalities are securing the future of their towns and communities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is een van die grootste uitdagings wat baie lande hierdie eeu in die gesig staar. Die koers van infeksie is vinnig aan die toeneem en al hoe meer mense word siek en sterf as gevolg van VIGS. Van al die mense wat met VIGS lewe in die wêreld, bly sewe uit tien in sub-Sahara Afrika. Namibië is een van die vyf mees MIV/VIGS geaffekteerde lande in die wêreld. Derhalwe is daar geen twyfel rakende die noodsaaklikheid om daadwerklike aksies te bewerkstellig om die voorkoms te verminder, sorg en ondersteuning te verhoog en toegang na behandeling uit te brei. VIGS vernietig dekades van groei behaal in die verlenging van lewensverwagting; dus sterf honderde volwassenes vroeg of gedurende hul middeljare. Die nasionale strategiese plan (2004) rakende MIV/VIGS toon dat die gemiddelde lewensverwagting in Namibië huidiglik 42 jaar is instede van 60 sonder VIGS. 'n Studie onderneem gedurende 2003, rakende die effek van MIV/VIGS in Windhoek, dui aan dat die voorgeboorte MIV/VIGS voorkoms koers 27% vir 2002 was, terwyl die nasionale voorkoms koers slegs 22.3% was. Daar word verwag dat die voorkoms koers vir Windhoek sy maksimum van 38% sal bereik gedurende 2005. Alhoewel MIV/VIGS 'n negatiewe effek op bevolkingsgroei groei gaan het, sal Windhoek se inwoners getalle steeds groei, alhoewel teen 'n stadiger koers, as gevolg van inwaartse migrasie. Terselfdertyd, gaan MIV/VIGS 'n verminderde effek het op die groei van die Bruto Binnelandse Produk (BBP), omdat die virus hoofsaaklik die ekonomiese aktiewe en beskikbare arbeidsmag van die bevolking affekteer wat as gevolg hiervan 'n verhoging in arbeidskoste en tekort aan geskoolde arbeid het. Die effek op die informele sektore is potensieel meer skadelik as op die formele ekonomiese faktore, aangesien die meeste klein en informele besighede rondom een persoon gebou is. lndien die broodwinner sterf, versleg die vlakke van huishoudelike inkomste en uitgawes wat lei tot verhoogde armoede, omdat huishoudings in die stad baie afhanklik is op familie strukture om hulle inkomste te ondersteun. Informele vestigings is meer kwesbaar in die oordrag van MIV en die meerderheid van die MIV geïnfekteerde individue word gewoonlik in hierdie areas aangetref omdat die bevolking armer is, meer persone huisves, minder welsyn dienste fasiliteite het en meer swerwend is in vergelyking met die meer welgestelde formele vestigings. As in ag geneem word dat die ontkiemings periode van MIV/VIGS vanaf infeksie tot en met sterfte omtrent tien jaar neem, sal die werklike effek van die huidige VIGS besmettings in Windhoek slegs ervaar word gedurende 2010. Gesondheidsdienste sal moet aandag skenk aan 'n groter aanvraag vir geneeslike dienste sowel as sosiale sorg en ondersteunings programme. Gemeenskaplike welsyn programme sal maniere moet vind om vir 'n groot populasie van MIV/VIGS weeskinders te sorg. Munisipaliteite kan 'n belangrike rol speel in die aanspreek van die MIV/VIGS epidemie op 'n plaaslike vlak omdat hulle die skakel is tussen die gemeenskap en die regering. Hulle is ideaal geplaas om 'n koordineerende en fasiliterende rol te speel wat nodig is om seker te maak dat vennootskappe gebou word om voorkomings en versorgings programme te lewer aan elke gemeenskap wat deur MIV/VIGS geraak word. Dus, om sukses te behaal in die bekamping van MIV/VIGS , is dit belangrik om nou saam te werk met alle vlakke van die regering sowel as met plaaslike vennote in die gemeenskap wat MIV/VIGS bekamp op gemeenskapsvlak. Deur aksie te neem teen MIV/VIGS , kan munisipaliteite die toekoms van hulle dorpe en gemeenskappe verseker.
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Mathaba, Jeffrey Themba. "Analysis of demographic, socio-economic and geographic factors affecting adoption and success of personal income tax e-filing in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27752.

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E-filing of personal income tax returns is regarded as one of the South African Revenue Service (SARS)'s success stories based on its growth since its inception in 2006. Given the importance of tax revenue as a major source of revenue to government, this study explores the effects of personal income tax e-filling on tax compliance and tax revenues. The study was carried out with three objectives, namely; determining the relationship between personal e-filing growth and some demographic, socio-economic and geographic factors in South Africa; determining the relationship between personal income tax e-filing and personal income tax revenue; and determining the relationship between personal income tax e-filing and tax compliance. Descriptive statistics and the pooled ordinary least square were employed to analyse the data having found the absence of unit root at levels in the data. The study covered 6-year period prior to e-filing (2000-2005) and 10-year period of e-filing implementation from 2006 to 2015, with data collected from publicly available SARS database on registered taxpayers and revenues collected nationally and across South Africa's nine provinces and metropolitan areas. The results indicate that e-filing had a positive contribution to increase personal income tax revenue collection as well as tax compliance over the study period. The study concludes that the introduction of e-filling provided an opportunity for improved collection and compliance across the provinces of South Africa. We therefore recommend, among others, that investigations and investments in tax technology & e-filing in non-metropolitan areas be considered, and further research be done in identified areas of interest in South Africa and rest of the African continent.
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Nakanyala, Tuli Ta Tango Tanga. "Trends and determinants of contraceptive prevalence in Namibia: From the 90s to the new millenium." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3146_1271623400.

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Contraception is said to be one of the vital determinants of fertility (Bongaarts, 1978). African nations, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa have a history of high fertility levels and low contraceptive use. However, contraceptive methods have been used one way or another throughout human history, although, due to improvements, these methods have evolved over the years. In Namibia, there tend to be a huge gap between women&rsquo
s knowledge of methods of contraception and usage thereof. For instance as per NDHS survey of 2000, 97 percent of married women knew of a contraceptive method, while 38 percent utilised them. This study aims at investigating knowledge and usage of contraceptives among women in union of reproductive age in an independent Namibia, 10 years after independence between 1992 and 2000. Socio-economic and demographic factors affecting contraceptive usage are examined in this study to determine their significance.

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34

Barends, Mark Steven. "Overcoming adversity: an investigation of the role of resilience constructs in the relationship between socio-economic and demographic factors and academic coping." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Many historically disadvantaged South Africans are entering into universities, where they are expected to perform academically not only to secure themselves a continued place at university, but also to secure themselves a place in the competitive job-market post university. Not only have these individuals been disadvantaged by an inferior schooling system, which is the legacy of apartheid, but they also struggle against the grasp of poverty, attempting to sustain themselves financially in order to afford the necessities for their survival, while still attempting to cope academically. Resilience has been presented as a process that helps individuals deal effectively with stressful events and adverse conditions. An attempt is therefore made to investigate whether resilience plays this role in the experience of disadvantaged students at university, where academic performance and adjustment represent the expected measures of coping. The aim of the study was therefore to explore the role of resilience constructs in the relationship between socio-economic and demographic variables and academic coping. The study is based within the broad framework of Psychofortology, which is the science of psychological strengths. The resilience constructs used included fortitude (measured by the Fortitude Questionnaire), hardiness (measured by the Personal Views Survey) and sense of coherence (measured by the Sense of Coherence Scale). Demographic variables included age, sex, language, town (urban/rural), with household income as an indicator of socio-economic status. Academic coping (outcome) was measured using students&rsquo
academic performance (average grade) and their adjustment to university (measured by the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire). Participants included 164 third year Psychology students from the University of the Western Cape. Results indicate statistically significant relationships between various demographic and resilience variables
between various demographic and outcome variables
and between various resilience and outcome variables. Resilience variables were also found to play a role in the relationship between demographic and outcome variables, as various resilience variables emerged as significant predictors of outcome variables, or as having either direct, moderating, mediating or indirect effects on the relationship between demographic and outcome variables. Research suggesting the health-sustaining and stress-reducing (buffering) roles of resilience constructs, as well resilience constructs as influencing the perceptions of adverse conditions or stressors is therefore supported by these findings. Limitations of the study were also discussed, as well as recommendations for future research put forward.
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SSERWANJA, QURAISH. "Socio-economic determinants of undernutrition among women of reproductive age in Uganda: a secondary analysis of the 2016 Uganda demographic health survey." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396316.

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Background Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of human life. Women have an increased risk of undernutrition than men. Undernutrition can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes and intergeneration cycle of undernutrition. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and the associated socio-economic determinants among adult women of reproductive age in Uganda.  Methods A population based cross-sectional survey was conducted and 4,640 non-pregnant and non-post-partum women aged 20 to 49 were analyzed. Two stage stratified sampling was used to select study participants and data were collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the association between socio-economic determinants and stunting and underweight using weighted data in SPSS version 24.  Results The prevalence of underweight and stunting were 6.9% and 1.3% respectively. Women who belonged to middle (aOR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.25-4.99), poorer (aOR = 3.07, 95%CI 1.57–5.97) and poorest wealth index (aOR = 3.60, 95% CI 1.85–7.00) were more likely to be underweight compared to the richest. Belonging to rural residence (aOR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.41–0.96), Western (aOR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.44), Eastern (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.63) and Central regions (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.72) was associated with less odds of being underweight. Region was the only variable significantly associated with stunting. Wealth index was not significantly associated with stunting.  Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition in Uganda among women is less compared to most of the neighboring countries. There is need to address the socio-economic determinants including poverty, residence and reducing regional inequalities.
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Kim, Eun-Jung. "The impact of economic and socio-demographic characteristics on the decision to eat out : whether to eat out and where to eat out /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402288263483.

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37

Sohlberg, Tove. "Smoking cessation in Sweden - gender, pathways, and identity." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108481.

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Research on smoking has to a great deal been conducted within a public health or a medical context, or focused on policy making. Fewer studies have taken their point of departure in a social sciences context, and still fewer have analysed why individuals start and cease to smoke, and how and why smoking patterns on an aggregate level change over time and vary between different population groups. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse changes in the Swedish tobacco consumption with special emphasis at elucidating the decrease in smoking during the past half-century from different angels. Thus, the first paper explore if and how changes in smoking patterns can be understood and explained with reference to Sweden’s development as a welfare state, and in relation to socio-demographic and socio-economic circumstances. The second paper focuses on the long-term pathways to smoking cessation, by discerning several distinct trajectories from smoker to non-smoker. The third paper analyses gender differences with regard to reasons to smoke, experiences of smoking, and central elements in the cessation process. Finally, in the fourth paper, the issue of to what extent smoking cessation can be described as a process of identity change is explored.   Smoking initiation and cessation vary by socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, and the rapid decrease in smoking has resulted in a rather vulnerable group of smokers in these aspects. The results also indicate that the cessation process is complex, with personal and structural factors interacting in the long-term process, leading to multiple pathways to a smoke-free life. Moreover, they point to gender differences in reasons to smoke and to quit, and in strategies to quit smoking. In addition, identity change seems to be important in remaining smoke-free. The stated inequality in gender and class points in the direction that structural changes and social policies might be of need to decrease smoking even further.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Manuscript.


Women, Health and Substance use
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Russet, Frédéric. "Trouble du spectre de l’autisme sans déficience intellectuelle (TAS SDI) : profil clinique et socio-démographique chez l’adulte, à partir d’une population d’étude française." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30045.

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Notre sujet de thèse s’inscrit dans un projet de recherche dont le promoteur est le CHU de Montpellier, sous la responsabilité du Pr. BAGHDADLI : la validation de la version française de l’échelle RAADS-R (Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised), outil d’aide au diagnostic pour les formes légères de trouble du spectre autistique chez l’adulte (autiste de haut niveau, sans déficience intellectuelle). Dans ses recommandations de Juin 2011 sur les Troubles du Spectre Autistique (TSA), la Haute Autorité en Santé (la HAS) demande qu’un effort particulier soit mené sur le dépistage et la prise en charge des patients adultes, avec pour objectif d'améliorer le repérage des troubles. Il existe actuellement plusieurs échelles en langue anglaise utilisables pour le repérage diagnostic des patients autistes de haut niveau. L’une d’elle, la Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R), est un questionnaire d’auto-évaluation conçu pour être rapide et facile à administrer, particulièrement pratique. Déjà validée en langue anglaise (Ritvo et al., 2010), elle vise à identifier les formes légères de TSA chez les personnes adultes et constitue une aide au diagnostic. L’objectif de la recherche est la validation de la version de cette échelle déjà traduite en français : validation complète, psychométrique et diagnostique, via la comparaison entre trois types de population (groupes de personnes porteuses de TSA, groupes avec d’autres troubles, et groupe sans trouble). L’intérêt clinique de cette validation est la diffusion d’un nouvel outil permettant aux services accueillant des patients jeunes adultes et adultes de repérer plus efficacement ceux porteurs d’un TSA de forme légère et de leur offrir par conséquent les prises en charge adéquates. Plusieurs études ont en effet identifié chez l’adulte des chevauchements importants concernant la symptomatologie des TSA de forme légère (autisme de haut niveau) et celle d’autres troubles faisant partie des comorbidités (Barneveld et al., 2011; Cath & al., 2008), ce qui rend le dépistage plus difficile et montre la nécessité d’un outil correctement discriminant. Par ailleurs, cette échelle permettra de venir enrichir les quelques outils disponibles permettant d’aider au diagnostic chez l’adulte, la HAS en retenant seulement trois pour l’instant : l’Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G module 4), l’ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview- Revised) et l’EC2R (Echelle des Comportements Restreints et Répétitifs). La RAADS-R validée en Français sera en outre la seule échelle francophone permettant une aide au diagnostic des personnes adultes avec autisme de haut niveau. Enfin, cet outil validé devrait permettre aussi d’aider à constituer des échantillons de population et d’aider ainsi à développer la recherche sur les TSA chez l’adulte, domaine encore peu exploré
The body of knowledge regarding autism spectrum adults with no Intellectual Disability (ASD No ID) is still limited. Therefore, the clinical profile and the socio-demographic (SD) profile of a French study sample are explored here, according to the following variables: sex, age and nonverbal cognitive level (NVIQ) in adulthood; as well as for the SD profile, age of diagnosis and intensity of ASD symptoms in adulthood. The frequency of clinical difficulties and SD data are also compared to those of a non-clinical group (NC) and a group with other disorders. The results have implications in terms of diagnostic identification and care
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Falk, Sanna. "Household overcrowding in Stockholm : A study of its spatial distribution and associations with socio-economic, demographic and housing characteristics at a small-scale neighborhood level." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193890.

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Existing studies of household overcrowding in Sweden are often descriptive and examine patterns at a large scale. Levels of overcrowding have increased since the mid-1980s and the highest shares are found in the largest cities among residents with a low income, a migration background, living in rental apartments, and often with children. The aim of this thesis is to increase the understanding of the measurements of household overcrowding, its development over time, its spatial patterns and its determinants at a small-scale neighborhood level with application to the City of Stockholm. It examines how the associations between overcrowding and other neighborhood characteristics can be understood in different neighborhood settings and what the implications are of using different scales and definitions of overcrowding. Cluster, correlation and regression analyses have been conducted using administrative data aggregated to key code areas and city districts. The results demonstrate that there are two types of overcrowding within the City of Stockholm, which are spatially separated and associated differently with socio-economic, demographic and housing characteristics of neighborhoods. It is suggested that explanatory segregation theories related to preference and economic and discriminatory structures are needed to understand the uneven spatial distribution of overcrowding in the City of Stockholm.
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Денисенко, Павло Анатолійович, Павел Анатольевич Денисенко, Pavlo Anatoliiovych Denysenko, and М. С. Миколаєнко. "Показники демографічної ситуації як індикатори соціально-економічного розвитку." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36970.

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Сучасна демографічна ситуація, яка склалася в Україні в цілому, у всіх її регіонах визначається як критична, як така, що здатна загрожувати національній безпеці, соціально-економічній та суспільній стабільності країни. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36970
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Silangwa, Florian Sanya Chisawani [Verfasser], and Michael [Gutachter] Bollig. "Migration and demographic changes. Its implications on land transformation and changing socio-economic development in the Lake Eyasi Basin in Karatu District, Tanzania / Florian Sanya Chisawani Silangwa ; Gutachter: Michael Bollig." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1165772817/34.

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42

Sidzumo-Mazibuko, Dodo Thandiwe Dorcas. "The impact of refugee assistance on the elderly, a socio-economic and demographic study of elderly women and men at Tongogara, Mazowe River Bridge and Chambuta camps in Zimbabwe, 1983-1992." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0029/NQ62666.pdf.

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43

Mohammed, Isam Yasin Adb Elgadir. "Participation of African immigrants in the labour force of South Africa: Insights from the 2001 population census." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5423_1271011997.

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The study examines the participation of African immigrants in the South African labour force with the central question revolving around whether the immigrants create jobs through the establishment of their own businesses or take jobs from the locals. Analytical frame work used in this study includes descriptive statistics, chi-square test for association and standardized residuals, two-way analysis of variance and logistic regression. Demographic, locational and socio-economic characteristics were studied using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Two-factor analysis of variance was used to examine the differences on average in the African immigrants&rsquo
participation in the labour force, while logistic regression was used to investigate the effect of some demographic characteristics on employment and work status.

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Yakubu, Yakubu A. "Determinants of female labour force participation in South Africa in 2008." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6919_1298358241.

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This study employs the Human Capital Theory (HCT), which postulates that the education of women is positively related to the likelihood of their labour force participation, in order to investigate quarterly dynamics in the labour force. This approach is an advancement of knowledge gained from previous studies such as Serumanga-Zake and Kotze (2004) and Ntuli (2004) who investigated the annual dynamics in FLFP. Investigating quarterly dynamics in FLFP is prudent as the market economy is very dynamic particularly at a point when the world economy is experiencing recession. Data for the study are extracted from the 2008 Quarterly Labour Force Survey conducted by Statistics South Africa. Logistic regression analysis modeling was employed with the dependent variable, FLFP, as a binary outcome. Other variables controlled in the analysis are gender, population group, age, marital status, education status, sector, main industry, main occupation and province. The results show that there is association between education status and FLFP status. Findings from this research are expected to contribute to the knowledge about trends in FLFP in South Africa and aid in planning of interventions aimed at improving the status of women as one of the critical steps in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.

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45

Ngum, Kimbung Julious. "Household access to water and willingness to pay in South Africa: evidence from the 2007 General Household Survey." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2897.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
This study assesses the present level of household water access and the willingness to pay in South Africa. Although the general literature informs that progress has been made in positing South Africa above the levels found in most African countries, there are some marked inequalities among the population groups and across the provinces, with some performing well and others poorly in this regard. The study looks at the extent to which households differ in terms of water access and willingness to pay according to the province of residence. The study focuses on household heads; male and female, through different social and demographic attributes, by taking account of variables such as age, education attainment, geographic areas, and population group to name but a few. The data used in this study comes from the 2007 General Household Survey (GHS) conducted by Statistics South Africa. The scope is national and employs cross tabulation and logistic regression to establish relationships and the likelihood of living in a household with access to safe drinking water in South Africa. Results presented in this study suggest that the difference is determined by socio- demographic characteristics of each household such as age, gender, population group, level of education, employment status income, dwelling unit, dwelling ownership, living quarters, household size and income. It throws more light as to what needs to be taken into account when considering demand and supply of and priorities for water intervention from the household perspective.
South Africa
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46

Nikisi, Joseph. "Access to antiretroviral treatment in the public sector, in Zambia." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282009-163207.

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47

Törell, Kent, and Emil Axelsson. "Framtidens Finanser : En studie om svenska individers attityder till finansiellt risktagande." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73675.

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Sammanfattning Den finansiella marknaden har under de senaste decennierna till stor del präglats av både stark ekonomisk tillväxt och stora kriser, detta har lett till att risken relaterad till sparande och investeringar har blivit allt viktigare att kontrollera och undersöka. Samtidigt visar statistik från SCB att de svenska hushållen investerar allt mindre i aktier vilket kan skapa problem, både för den finansiella branschen i sig och det framtida välståndet. Dagens pensionssystem riskerar att inte klara framtidens ökande utbetalningsnivåer som krävs för att underhålla en allt större, äldre befolkning, som även lever allt längre. Detta är ett problem som gäller för hela EU och därför blir det allt viktigare med ett privat sparande, och därigenom att investera rätt. För att hjälpa privatpersoner att investera rätt, genom att utnyttja sin nivå av risktolerans, samtidigt som man gör det lättare för kreditgivare och rådgivare att kunna erbjuda korrekta produkter och investeringsstrategier, syftar denna studie huvudsakligen till att undersöka om det finns samband mellan olika demografiska och socioekonomiska variabler och nivåer av risktolerans. Med hjälp av tidigare studier valdes följande variabler att undersökas: kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå, relationsstatus, sysselsättning och inkomstnivå. Som verktyg för att mäta nivåer av risktolerans valdes Grable och Lyttons 13-items risk assessment instrument, vilken har genomgått ett flertal validitetsprövningar. Då majoriteten av forskningen inom finansiell risktolerans har genomförts på den amerikanska marknaden särskiljer sig denna studie då den riktar in sig på svenska individer, från 18 år till pension. Metoden för att få in svar har varit med hjälp av en enkätstudie, både via internet och genom pappersenkäter på ett antal arbetsplatser runt om i landet. Resultatet blev totalt 206 fullständiga enkäter och stark signifikans återfanns hos kön (99 procent konfidensintervall), där män i genomsnitt hade högre risktolerans än kvinnor. Även inkomstnivå var signifikant, med ett konfidensintervall på 90 procent, men visade att sambandet inte var perfekt positivt linjärt (låg inkomst = låg risktolerans, hög inkomst = hög risktolerans). Studien syftade även till att söka övriga förklaringar och samband som risktolerans också påverkar, med hänsyn till: sparande, pensionssparande, investeringsval, framtidsutsikt för den finansiella marknaden samt förändring av investeringsbeteende på grund av de senaste årens finansiella oro.Detta resulterade i att: 13,5 procent svarade att de inte hade något som helst privat sparande; mer än hälften av individerna uppgav att de inte har något privat pensionssparande; individer med högre inkomster valde oftare aktier som främsta investeringsval än de med lägre inkomster, som föredrog sparkonton; en övervägande majoritet har inte ändrat sitt investeringsbeteende men 25 procent av respondenterna angav att de investerar mindre nu till följd de senaste årens finansiella oro på marknaden samt att 40,6 procent angav att det är mer riskfyllt med värdepapper idag; mer än hälften av respondenterna angav att de känner en viss oro inför sin framtida pension.
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48

Yahaya, Ismail. "Childhood Sexual Abuse Against Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa : Individual and Contextual Risk Factors." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21919.

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Background and objectives: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a substantial public health and human rights problem, as well as a growing concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It has both short and long term effects on girls: physical and psychological, including negative sexual outcomes. Up to one-third of adolescent girls report their first sexual experience as being forced. Despite growing evidence supporting a link between contextual factors and violence, no studies have investigated the connection between CSA and contextual factors. It is therefore important to identify the extent of CSA and understand factors associated with it in SSA in order to develop interventions aimed to address the scale of the problem. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis is to assess the individual and contextual factors associated with CSA. In addition, the thesis aims to quantify the magnitude of CSA and describe the factors associated with CSA among women from SSA (Study I). This thesis also examines the independent contribution of individual and community socio-economic status on CSA (Study II). Moreover, it scrutinises the effect of social disorganisation on CSA (Study III) and explores the relationship between CSA and sexual risk behaviours as well as potential mediators (Study IV). Methods: This thesis used the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets conducted between 2006 and 2008 from six SSA countries. The thesis used multiple logistic regression models to describe and explore factors associated with CSA among 69,977 women (Study I).  It used multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis to explore the effect of contextual level variables (neighbourhood socio-economic status) on CSA among 6,351 girls (Study II). Neighbourhood socio-economic status was operationalized with a principal component analysis using the proportion of respondents who were unemployed, illiterates, living below poverty level and rural residents. Study III applied multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis on 6,351 girls and considered five measures of social disorganisation at the community level: neighbourhood poverty, female-headed households, residential mobility, place of residence, population density, and ethnic diversity. In study IV, 12,800 women from the Nigerian DHS were used. Structural equation modelling was applied using a two-step approach. The first step used a confirmatory factor analysis to develop an acceptable measurement model while the second step involved modifying the measurement model to represent the postulated causal model framework. Results: In study I, the reported prevalence of CSA ranged from 0.3% in Liberia to 4.3% in Zambia when the prevalence was based on all respondents aged between 15 and 49 years and who were present during the survey. None of the socio-economic factors were associated with CSA. In study II, where the data was restricted to permanent residents aged between 15 and 18 years, the prevalence ranged between 1.04% in Liberia to 5.8% in Zambia. At the individual level, there was no significant association between CSA and wealth status while at the community level, there was no significant association between CSA and socio-economic position. However, 22% of the variation in CSA was attributed to the community level factors. In study III, there was significant variation in the odds of reporting CSA across the communities, with community level factors accounting for 18% of the variation. In addition, respondents from communities with a high family disruption rate were 57% more likely to have reported sexual abuse in childhood. Study IV showed that there was a significant association between CSA and sexual risk behaviours and the association was mediated by alcohol and cigarette use. Conclusions: The study provides evidence that adolescents in the same community were subjected to common contextual influences. It also highlighted the significance of mediators in the relationship between CSA and sexual risk behaviours. It is therefore important that effective preventive strategies are developed and implemented that will cut across all socio-economic spheres in a context that both permits and encourages disclosure as well as identifying predisposing circumstances for recurrence.
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49

Chigali, Lillian Malambo. "Factors associated with nutritional status of children aged six to fifty-nine months in Livingstone, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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A matched case-control study was carried out to identify the factors associated with the nutritional status of children in Livingstone district, Zambia. A trained field researcher collected data on demographic, feeding practices and socio-economic factors in matched groups of underweight children and normal weight children from the mothers/caregivers of the children. Interviews, using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, were used to obtain the data. All children aged from six to fifty-nine months admitted at Livingstone General Hospital during the months of October to December, 2003 with a weight for age below &ndash
2SD from the median of the reference population formed the underweight children (cases). The total was 47 children. The cases were then matched according to sex and age to 47 normal weight children attending the under five clinic at Livingstone General Hospital during the same months, with a weight for age above &ndash
2SD from the median of the reference population (controls). The final sample was 94 children. Weights were recorded using the same scale in the outpatient&rsquo
s department prior to admission and during the under five clinic session. Interviews then took place in a separate room after the clinic nurse had attended them. A separate visit was then made to the homes of the children on a different day. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure strengths of associations. Results revealed that the basic causes of underweight were the poor economic state of the country, unfavorable policies and insufficient government support in the areas of health, education, agriculture, housing and employment. Underlying causes were inadequate access to food, inadequate care of children, poor access to health services and unhealthy living environments, while immediate causes were poor food intake and disease. Low educational and literacy levels of the mothers/caregivers, unemployment and lack of sufficient finances to access basic necessities such as food, housing and health contributed to underweight.
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50

Gomez, Agou Gbedia. "Essais sur la croissance économique et la démographie en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E024.

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Notre travail doctoral démontre que la croissance et la structure démographique sont des déterminants significatifs de la croissance économique en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Par conséquent, nous proposons que le cadre de diagnostic de croissance HRV soit raffiné en incluant l'analyse de la croissance et de la structure démographique dans la détermination des obstacles les plus contraignants à la croissance économique future d'un pays donné en Afrique Sub-Saharienne
Our research shows that demographic growth and structure are significant determinants of economic growth in Sub Saharan Africa. Therefore, we suggest that the HRV framework should be augmented to include an analysis on demographic growth and structure, allowing a comprehensive approach on the binding constraints on economic growth of a given country in Sub Saharan Africa
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