Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Démocratie – Religion'
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Antoine, Agnès. "L' impensé de la démocratie : citoyenneté, morale et religion chez Tocqueville." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA091.
Full textThis dissertation in political philosophy attempts to define Tocqueville's thinking on the necessity of an education for democracy, with particular attention to the role that religion may play in respect to citizenship. The first part presents an analysis of the democratic condition as exposed by Tocqueville in his essay on Democracy in America. It emphasizes the risks linked to a regime of egalitarian existence : individualism, rationalism and materialism lead to the weakening of social relationships, to a deficit in meaning, and to the erasure of politics as such. The second and third parts look into the remedies that Tocqueville offers to cure these ills : citizenship, on one hand, and relogion on the other, which form the two pillars of his “new political science”, and whose conditions of possibility and new articulation for the Moderns he attempts to map. The last part emphasizes the anthropological perspectives to which this “new science” leads, as well as Tocqueville's philosophy of history, and its urgent appeal to choose between barbary and civilisation
Chokr, Mohamad Ali. "La démocratie consensuelle : Cas du Liban." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1045.
Full textThe consensual democracy embodied a suitable regime for plural societies compared to the majority democracy. It provides a balance between the various vectors of the plural society, insuring political stability and the participation of minorities, non-domination the majority. Since Lebanon is deemed to be a plural society due to the presence of a multitude of confessions, it has sought to make the principles of the consensual regime prevail on those of the majority System. This study highlighted the nature of the existing political System in Lebanon, based on the sectarian diversity, since the establishment of the State of Greater Lebanon, passing through the most important events and conciliations in Lebanon, according to whish the consensual democracy was consecrated as an interim régime to achieve a modem democracy. When the division increase the mechanism of action of the political consensual system and its effectiveness in Lebanon grow at the level of governance and administration and the Islamic-Christian coexistence, it was time to highlight the operation of the consensual system, to show the main causes that hinder its evolution and the aim or feasibility of the continuity of its application on the political life in Lebanon. Especially, the Lebanese constitution amended according to the Taëf document, did not stipulate that the consensual democracy is an end but a means to attain stable democracy. Therefore, it was necessary to suggest an alternative system to the consensual democracy, as a solution to get out of the recurrent crises, in compliance with the multi confessional composition of the Lebanese society
Colosimo, Anastasia. "Juger de la religion ? : droit, politique et liberté face au blasphème en démocratie." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0034/document.
Full textBlasphemy is since the beginning of its recorded history not only a religious but also a political concept. Jerusalem, Athens, Rome, the founding deaths of Socrates and Jesus Christ, both sentenced to death, the first for impiety, the second for blasphemy, but also the Torah, the Gospel and the Quran show that the prohibition of blasphemy has above all a political function, which is to eliminate whoever harms the community. With modernity, the invention of tolerance and the proclamation of freedom of expression as a fundamental right, blasphemy should have disappeared. Instead, it metamorphosed. From Salman Rushdie to Charlie Hebdo, it became a worldwide issue. In the Muslim world, its prohibition has become a fearsome tool of repression of religious minorities on a national level and of acceleration of a clash of civilizations on an international level. To face this challenge, Europe pretends to answer with freedom of expression, but the majority of European countries still forbid blasphemy, understood no more as an offense to God but an offense to the believers, which is the sign of a rogue secularization. This is especially true in France where the proliferation of laws limiting freedom of expression ended up in a re-introduction of the prohibition of blasphemy and more generally of crimes of opinion
Laverdière, Andréanne. "Quel imaginaire national à Taiwan? : l’évolution du portrait des religions populaires dans les manuels scolaires." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37476.
Full textIwakuni, Mari. "Politiques et religion au Japon : anachronisme ou modernité? : les partis politiques "religieux" dans la "démocratie" japonaise : une approche historique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0066.
Full textThis thesis proposes an alternate framework for the "legitimate" condition. . , for modernity. The current state of Japanese modernity is assessed by examining the historical relationship between the political and the religious spheres, and the significance of "laïcité" (French model of secularism) as it applies to Japan. With the exception of the Middle Ages, the state continually reinforced its control over religions, culminating in the state-imposed nationalistic ideology, "State Shinto," in the 20th century. This propensity for political ascendancy over religions and the ideology of the "sacred" nature of Japan, prevalent as recently as 1945, represent evidence of an antithetical framework from the one experienced in the West: while the autonomy of the temporal sphere from the religious had previously been deemed the "valid" prescription for entering into modernity, the advent of modernity in Japan has instead come via the emancipation of the religious sphere from temporal authority
Sabeh, Mada. "Démocratie et religions au Proche-Orient : les cas du Liban, d'Israël, des Territoires palestiniens et de la Turquie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H010/document.
Full textDoes a democratic pluralism exist, implying a democracy different from the "Western" standards? Based on a positive assumption, this is the question that we attempt to answer to in this research within a specific framework, namely the commonly contested alliance between democracy and religion. We have decided to study Middle-Eastern democracies with their specificities related to the narrow link that exists in those countries between politics and religion. The countries of the area that seemed, as of today, the most democratic to us are Lebanon, Israel (including a study of the Palestinian Territories) and Turkey. Based on the democratic principles of Equality and Liberty, also present in their respective constitutions, we have decided to look into the specificities of each country; such as being a confessional state for Lebanon, a Jewish state for Israel, a state without a state for the Palestinian Territories and a state being at the same time secular, Turkish and Islamic for Turkey. In each of these countries there are democratic flaws that we have highlighted, as well as positive evolutions. The Nationalism present in each of these countries is particularly pronounced according to the different communities to which one belongs, which leads the main ethnic to become a national identification, hence our ambitious choice to name these states ethnic democracies based on the ethnos (people's identification to a community). It is also because of this specificity that they encounter weaknesses towards the recognition of other identifications such as their respective minorities
Strandsbjerg, Camilla. "Les sens du pouvoir : des forces "occultes" à la grâce divine : religion et transformations politiques dans le Bénin contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0572.
Full textThe thesis focuses on political transformation in Benin on a discursive level and illustrates how religious ideas and practices participate in the construction of new political categories and the ideological frame of power. The analysis focuses both on the changes in the political discourse of former president Mathieu Kérékou from the authoritarian period (1972-1989) to the democratic period (1996-2006), and on the popular interpretations of his discourse. Thereby, the thesis also takes up classical themes from political anthropology proposing a new analysis of the semantic and symbolic exchange between the religious and the political spheres; an analysis intended to contribute to the reflection on political power and the State in contemporary Africa
Makrerougrass, Abdellah. "Essai critique de la raison théologico-politique à travers l'intentionnalité du langage : le cas de la problèmatique algérienne (textes à l'appui)." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H019.
Full textThe critical test of the theological and political reason can contribut to rectifaly the wrong reading of the coran, that is elaborated from the reception of the romanced political model, paraphrastic of the mohamed's experiens in Medine, cause of the political's reception as the only pratical exempl of the real spirituality why of live. Beside this exessive investissement of + charria ; (islamic juridiction) ; we find an idelogical approche of that reason, substitute for an objective + historicist vision ; , and assert that the experience of mohamed in medine and the salaf's one too (who have coming after mohamed) , during the first thirty years of the hegire, is the model of the political islamic genius, against the supporters of the + separatistical ; thouht, in evident meaning's oppose, of the historical one that attended the islam emergency. Our projet takes into firts of all, the political and religions intentionality of langage, but also the critical analysis whenever the religions is articulated or confused with politic
Karkbi, Badr. "Partis religieux et sécularisation : Ennahdha et la Démocratie chrétienne italienne (XXe - XXIe siècles) : une analyse comparative." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0035.
Full textBy rooting our thesis in a comparative approach, the primary focus here is to reconsider the interaction of religion and politics, through an object which has received a lion’s share in political science: political parties. Research on Islamist and European Christian Democrat parties remains mostly compartmentalized, leading to monolithic studies. In order to foster this comparative view, we have shifted the cursor to Italy, the seismography of European transformation, where Christian Democracy, despite its roots and long domination (1945 - 1990), has not much attracted political scientists. Hence, an analysis of the trajectories of Tunisian Islamism and the Italian Christian Democratic Party fills this gap and reveals the limits of the new Islamist project. Musing on the topic, this plate tectonics is all the more justified by the unprecedented mutation of Tunisian political Islam after the Xth Congress of Ennahdha. Breaking with its radicalism, the party seeks to specialize in the political field by promoting a process of secularization that tends towards Muslim Democracy. Exploring this turning point in the light of the Christian Democrat referent means taking over two Mediterranean areas and reinserting secularization at the core of comparative politics
Abiven, Yohann. "Le bourgeois, le prêtre, l'ouvrier : religion et politique à Landerneau (XIXe-XXe siècles)." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G018.
Full textA liberal and educated middle class, a conservative peasantry, a proud aristocracy, a venerated Church, a large working-class population; these are the forces present which make the town of Landerneau an exemplary case-study of the reconfiguration of the doctrine and politics of the era. The present thesis, using the methods of historical political-science, sets out to analyze the strategic alliances among Landerneau’s secular and religious elite groups, from the instauration of universal, male suffrage right up to periods when the public sphere seemed to demonstrate a wholly new face. Based on the Landerneau elites’ very ostensible Catholic faith, and our examination, in the first part of this thesis, of all its political and religious implications, we employ the all-too-ignored category of “bourgeois Catholicism”, a theme derived from the work of Emile Poulat. The intense quarrels, which oppose the parish to the town hall, contribute to the formation of ‘Catholic opinion’, soon exemplified by a Catholic party and value system particularly at odds with a more classic, Catholic-bourgeois framework. In the second part, we explore how the broader middle class prudently and pragmatically coalesces with the more intransigent Catholic social movement, effectively a political force controlled by local clergy, thus joining the Christian Democratic side of politics. This political choice of ‘clerical populism’ was unusual for the middle classes, more accustomed to traditions of independence. The real fear of working-class, socialist militancy thus cements a new conservative party bringing together diverse social forces ranging from more or less liberal vested-interests to clerically-influenced democrats. In essence, we explore the new cleavages within the broad Right as new temporal concerns touch even the Holy See. The proponents of the new campaigning Church draw on their Christian Democrat roots, on the language and even the ideas of contemporary liberal and socialist perspectives. In a sense, we witness the surprising revival, by strange paths and from varied origins, of a certain ‘bourgeois Catholicism’ and its concomitant claim to a greater degree of autonomy from the authority of the formal Church
Oukssisse, Mohamed. "Anomie institutionelle et politique au Maroc : un essai d'interpretation socio-politique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H032.
Full textDurgun, Aysel. "Les principes fondateurs de l'ordre constitutionnel turc : la laïcité et le nationalisme de la fin de l'Empire ottoman à nos jours." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA007.
Full textNationalism and secularism are the core principles that create the constitutional order forming the Republic of Turkey. Secularism achieves the separation of State and Church, but also establishes the control over religion. Nationalism permitted to preserve the State against the threat of being shattered at the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Since then, it expresses the indivisibility of the State with its territory and nation. At the same time, it maintains religion as part of the national identity, which is also defined as Turkish. Both notions lead to ambiguity and paradoxes which are revealed by democracy. Considering their place and value in the constitutional order, nationalism and secularism can be regarded as structuring principles (“principes structurants”) which give the constitutional order of the Republic of Turkey its particularities
Mazih, Benboucetta Bouchra. "Les émissions culturelles à la Télévision Marocaine : quel statut dans une démocratie en devenir ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030023.
Full textThis paper primarily seeks to verify whether the status of culture on Moroccan national television could be an indicator of the implementation of a democratic process in Morocco. Audiovisual reform is a pretext for observing the scope of reformist discourse, especially when such discourse is delivered by authoritarian regimes. As we intend to examine a specific aspect of policy in a given sector, it would be interesting to place it in the broader context in which it evolves. We shall take a close look at the country's colonial past to better understand the foundations of the Moroccan regime and the relations that it nurtures with the various stakeholders in the political landscape.We will use the relations between the monarchy and religion, politics and the media, and the Moroccan people to present the problematic of how authoritarian regimes now use reforms as a new way of reasserting their authority. The 2011 elections brought Islamists into the government. In the audiovisual sector, we can expect a confrontation between the true holders of power in this field and the ministry in charge of the sector when it comes to drafting the terms of reference for public radios and televisions. We shall examine how political stakes influence the decisions of the various professionals through the conditions for implementing these texts; for we wish to participate in viewing from a different angle, the modernization processes of a country such as Morocco
Jourdain, Édouard. "Le politique entre guerre et théologie : la révision du marxisme et l'ombre de Carl Schmitt." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0084.
Full textThe last two decades have brought Carl Schmitt's work back in the spotlight as fas as political theory is concerned, not without controversy. Events of the last twenty years, like the fall of Berlin wall or the 9/11 attacks, have led to new debates regarding his theories. Indeed, the end of the USSR and the triumph of liberal democracy, but also the return of the so-called "religious phenomena", give a birth to a new vision of modern conflicts recalling Carl Schmitt's main ideas: political theology, opposition between democracy and liberalism, the theory of fair wars, as well as terrorism via his partisan theory. Those subjects that have been dealt with contemporary philosophers, like Giorgio Agamben, Antonio Negri, Jacques Derrida, Etienne Balibar, Slavoj Zizek or Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau to rethink politics. What is examined here are the terms in which these autors use Carl Schmitt's theories to revise Marxism, regardless Proudhon 's theories, event thought they revolved around these rediscovered problematics
Fu, Tong. "Société cachée et liberté efficace, le libéralisme étrange de Tocqueville." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7098.
Full textBy revealing the inconspicuous links between Tocqueville and two other philosophers before his time, Rousseau and Pascal, this thesis aims to give a new interpretation of Democracy in America and of The Old Regime and the Revolution. Rousseau and Tocqueville share the same theme: the relationship between man and society. On the one hand, Rousseau declares that man is born a perfect and solitary entirety. On the other hand, and he believes that if a well-functioning society existed, it should also be an independent entirety. He therefore encounters a problem: how to transform man into a part of a greater entirety from which he will receive his life and his being ? To solve this problem, in The Social Contract, Rousseau proposes three plans, of which the third one is the most peculiar. According to this last plan, the Sovereign must force his subjects to believe that they were born with social emotions. In other words, Rousseau wants "all" to force "everyone" to believe that everyone loves their duties. Tocqueville takes seriously this last plan proposed by Rousseau, because during his trip to America, he found that this strange plan had been put into practice by the inhabitants of the New World. Rousseau termed this constraint imposed by all on everyone the Civil religion. In volume I of Democracy in America, Tocqueville indicates that it is, in reality, a cult of public opinion, thanks to which not only had the American people become a true Sovereign, but the American society had also become an independent entirety. However, in Tocqueville's opinion, this cult failed to accomplish the ultimate task that Rousseau had assigned to it, namely to achieve the transformation of man. In fact, it turned all Americans into hypocrites. Tocqueville finds that man's mind can conflict with his feelings. That is why Pascal's influence on him becomes more and more evident. In the second volume of Democracy in America, inspired by Pascal's vision of man, not only did Tocqueville reverse the history of humankind presented by Rousseau, but he also questioned the basic idea of this genius of the Eighteenth century. Tocqueville explains that the democratic man, by believing himself to be born free, has betrayed his society, and has thus become a disproportionate man ; he fills his mind with understanding of his society, but he can no longer feel its presence. According to Tocqueville, the conflict between the mind and the feelings of democratic men will inevitably lead them to embracing a new type of despotism. Therefore, in The Old Regime and the Revolution, he proposes an unheard-of liberty as the only remedy against this internal division. The liberty of which Tocqueville speaks has the following characteristics: it is an end in itself, a pleasure, and is only shared by the chosen ones of God. While no one has defined liberty in this way, these characteristics were used by Pascal to describe the divine grace that the corrupt descendants of Adam can enjoy. Thus, in Tocqueville's mind, there is a strange liberalism inspired by Pascal
Bardon, Aurélia. "Les arguments religieux dans la discussion politique : une théorie de la justification publique." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0011.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the role of faith-based reasoning in political discussion, and more specifically on the compatibility of public religious arguments with liberal and democratic premises regarding the justification of political decisions, i.e. decisions made in the name of the state. Public justification is a requirement of legitimacy in liberal democracy: but under which conditions is a decision publicly justified? Are all arguments valid? Religious arguments are often considered with suspicion: they are particular, therefore convincing for only some citizens and rejected by others. It seems unfair, for those who do not share religious beliefs, to use these arguments to justify political decisions. The same objection, however, is also true for many other non-religious arguments, like utilitarian arguments or liberal arguments themselves.The purpose of the dissertation is to examine different strategies aiming to justify the exclusion of certain arguments, and then to offer a new model of political discussion. The claim defended is that absolutist arguments, meaning arguments that are based on the recognition of the existence of an extra-social source of normative validity, do not respect the requirements of public justification and consequently should be excluded from political discussion. The distinction between absolutist and non-absolutist arguments does not overlap with the distinction between religious and secular arguments: it thus cannot be argued that all religious arguments should always be excluded, or that they could always be included
Vinson, Éric. "La mobilisation du "spirituel" en démocratie au XXe siècle : trois exemples français : Jean Jaurès, Jacques Maritain, Lanza del Vasto." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0054.
Full textAs global humanist icons, Gandhi, M. L. King Jr. and the Dalai Lama show a common feature : they put religion – seen from its spiritual core – at the heart of their political action. It is then meaningful to single out these spiritual and democratic leaders from the liberal political sphere, where religion and politics tend to be separated, specially in France. Yet, in this country, some political figures of the last century show a kind of family likeness with those original leaders, all of them inspired by Gandhi. Among many others (Péguy, Mounier, S. Weil...), three contemporary philosophers – Socialist J. Jaurès (1859-1914), Neo-Thomist J. Maritain (1882-1973) and Peace activist Lanza del Vasto (1901-1981) – also base their approach on a spiritual ground, in spite of their differences due to their own specific relationship with catholicism, the french predominant religion. Without wandering to historical and biographic details, this doctoral thesis is studying these cases in order to define the ''Spiritual'', which is rarely done. Here, this word is conceptualized as the ''concern of the link with the ultimate reality'' (the Absolute, the Infinite, God for the believers) ; and its objective effects (theoretical and practical) on our ''commited mystics'' are scrutinized, then characterized inside a specific democratic trend. These effects are so decisive that they imply to recognize the ''Spiritual'' as an anthropological category, entailing a simultaneous redifining of the Political and the Religious. The latter, thus being requalified through the ''Spiritual'', can also be admitted in the liberal public sphere, while Political theory can find a new scientific paradigm
Al, Adhami Rima. "La confrontation entre les principes constitutionnels traditionnels et la formule confessionnelle libanaise." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10016.
Full textAdjoi, Obengui Guy Donald. "Religion locale et pouvoir politique au Gabon : cas du rite Ndjobi chez les Mbede." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0157/document.
Full textOn horseback between political Sociology and political Anthropology, this thesis try to understand the interaction enter "local Religion and political Power» with the prospect of consolidation of the power Africa, more exactly in the Gabon. It underlines the management (direction) of the power politics and analyzes the relationship enter the initiation rite Ndjobi and the political power in the community Mbede. This thematic field is deconstructed up to the Gabonese nation through the initiation and the implication of the politics premises within this religion. The rite Ndjobi would be a local counter-offensive to repair the universe social and to protect Mbede. It is a fundamental element in the maintenance of law and order through the symbolism of Okèlè é Ndjobi that is the assertion by which an initiated calls in to witness the sacred and the truth of the statement which he utters in front of the basket containing the relics of Ndjobi. For a traditional leader, this rite would be a way to compensate for a constitutional deficiency of its political power to maintain at its introduced subjects respect and especially been afraid, fault of whom its power could widely be imaginary. The oath of Ndjobi would be a political reliable contract to a village headman, to a politician introduced to this rite. Through this demolition, this local religion appears as a support of the Gabonese political power on a national scale and even money regional. Even if the oaths are made with words; but in Black Africa, these words are not light. They allow to act on one, on the others and on the world concerned as a constraint comparable to a sword of Damocles. The constraint practiced in a way subtle and imposed with some intra-political negotiations bound to the «politics of the stomach " So that the initiation undergone is not similar to an act of the witchcraft in the eyes of the population. The witchcraft as a penalty of the rite Ndjobi is lived by all the Mbede and the political initiated, as a threat perms of aggression aiming their bodies, at their goods and at their families. Indeed, every traditional leader says "Nga Mpuhu" always chooses the guile, the fraud, the ritual crimes, the material ownership as political way to make not only control the population, but also to manipulate the desires for power of her followers and for her close collaborators. In Africa, "you saddle today and ride out tomorrow" and plan, it is to set up a mechanism allowing to avoid being was a surprise by the enemy who, generally, is always a close relation. It would be, in fact, the putting according to a "traditional Democracy ". It is in this direction that this thesis can serve of complementary element with the prospect of understanding and analysis of politics in Black Africa through the religions local as foundation of the political power in spite of the current arrival of the modern religious obedience and the sponsoring
Dargent, Claude. "La foi, la morale et le conflit : culture et comportements politiques et sociaux des protestants français." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010308.
Full textTo this day, french protestants continue to behave in particular ways even if the degree and the form of those specificities have greatly changed all thoug the contempory period. Thus, the originality of their political behaviour has desappeared when compared to the french population as a whole, while it persists when compared with that of catholics. That is the result of the evolution of the conflict that opposed for a long time the two denominations, a conflict on which the cultural affinities between protestantism and democracy have been superimposed. The cultural specificity of the french protestants can still be found in the stricter moral approach, which still today differentiates them from the catholics in matters of sexual and family ethics. And it is also in the particularities of their system of values that we must look for the explanation of the specific fields of protestants'associative commitments more than in aspects of activist sociability. Finally, the cultural element seems to have to be taken into account to explain their early commitment to the capitalist spirit in the modern age, even if this process has never been strong enough to alter significantly the social structure of this denomination
Bergeron, Patrice. "LA PERTINENCE PUBLIQUE DE LA THÉOLOGIE CHRÉTIENNE APRÈS LE DÉSENCHANTEMENT DU MONDE. Une lecture de Marcel Gauchet." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25578/25578.pdf.
Full textAktan, Yusuf. "La laïcité : le pilier de l'identité républicaine turque." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020092/document.
Full textSince the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 the secularism « la laïcité » is discussed much more than any other topic and its denial meant the denial of Turkish Republic. However, what does secularism mean for Turkey? Is it the reinforcement of elite’s authorities? Or is it the definition of Republic? Nowadays, how do we understand secularism and do we need to redefine it? In Turkey most of the academic works about secularism are still not brining any additional value rather than staying as another description of secularism. The dictionary description of secularism « la laïcité » is that, the state must be natural against all religious beliefs and do not stand as a reference point for any religion. But in practice, the secularism cannot be defined as straight as its definition, it never appears with those sharp borders and in that purity. The factors, which are transforming secularism from a legitimate view to a control mechanism, are its symbols and myths that are considered as part of secularism. Actually, these myths and symbols are forming an undeniable political religion. For that reason most of the previous academic works which are analyzing secularism by considering these myths and symbols as an add-on to the term of secularism, pushed us to look and create a new definition of this concept. In this work, we will analyse the historical and philosophical basis of secularism. We will also trace the origin and the formation of secularism as a political religion opposite to the traditional and political Islam. In this work, we will analyse the historical and philosophical basis of secularism. We will also trace the origin and the formation of secularism as a political religion opposite to the traditional and political Islam.The final part of work will observe secularism in the light of the jurisprudence of the European Convention of Human Rights and, the democracy in order to understand if the notion of secularism in Turkey requires redefinition
Mokoko, Dieudonné Roger. "Marxisme et religion en République populaire du Congo ou le bilan d'une révolution." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100129.
Full textBeltrán, Cely William Mauricio. "Pluralisation religieuse et changement social en Colombie." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832693.
Full textBroder, Philippe Alexandre. "La cité en marche : histoire des processions civiques en Grèce ancienne du VIe au Ier s. av. J.-C." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010718.
Full textHusser, Anne-Claire. "Du théologique au pédagogique. Ferdinand Buisson et le problème de l'autorité." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0735.
Full textFerdinand Buisson did not only play a major role, as regards institutions, in the foundation of nondenominational education during the Third Republic, he was also both a talented observer of his time and a committed thinker, concerned with the intelligibility of the various causes he embraced throughout his long career as a public figure , from liberal Protestantism to radical- socialism. The coherence of his intellectual path may be apprehended through a clear issue: The question of authority. As a matter of fact, before considering it from an educational standpoint, Ferdinand Buisson had to face it acutely inthe stormy theological and ecclesiological context of the protestant community during the second half of the 19th century. He stood up vigourously for the”liberals” in their dispute against the “orthodox” concerning respectively, the status of the Scriptures and of conscience in the process of faith. As early as 1860, Ferdinand Buisson outlines an original interpretation of the protestant tradition, which he will later on develop in 1891 in his thesis about Sébastien Castellion. In the light of his protestant works, and in many respects, his philosophy of non-denominational education sounds like the secularized expression of a deeply religious inaugural gesture in refusal of authority, in its external conservative forms. Yet, far from simply expanding on a pre-existent essence, the continuity of this thinking only becomes clear through a continuous work of re-writing, induced from debates, opposing arguments and historical situations which Buisson endeavoured to reorientate with his accomplished sense of Kairos. Indeed, we have tried to apprehend those successive reorientations and realignments of Buisson’s ideal, starting from the very first days of non-denominational education to the first discussions relating to its democratization on the eve of the first World War
Sitone, Matthieu. "Naissance et croissance d'une église locale (1896/97-1996) : le cas du diocèse de Butembo-Beni au Congo Kinshasa (RDC)." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/muhemusubaositone_m.
Full textHiamba, Ovungu Jean. "Structure et sens cosmopolitique du pouvoir dans la culture des Ankutsu-Membele: contribution au processus d'intégration et de démocratisation en Afrique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209753.
Full textEn effet, les rébellions, les guerres ethniques ou tribales, les rivalités et les dissensions inter groupales continuent à affecter la vie politique, économique et sociale de ce pays depuis la période précoloniale en passant par la période coloniale et postcoloniale. Cette préoccupation majeure suscite des interrogations fondamentales :de quelle manière peut-on aujourd’hui ériger un projet politique qui soit à mesure de redéfinir les finalités socio-politiques, cultuelles, et économiques globales qui accordent une meilleure écoute aux productions de sens qui émanent des valeurs théoriques de chaque groupe social, en sublimant ce qui rapproche et non ce qui divise ?Comment dépasser les clivages excluant issus des situations de crise (traite, colonisation, rébellions, guerres, dissensions) ?Comment mettre sur pied un espace commun qui serait le lieu d’échange libre où chacun exprimerait son opinion dans le respect et la dignité de l’autre ?
C’est à ces questions et à beaucoup d’autres encore que cette thèse tente de répondre. Il s’agit en fait, d’une étude à caractère paradigmatique réalisée dans le groupe Ankutshu-Membele, à la lumière des approches occidentales du pouvoir et de la démocratie. Elle s’assigne comme objectif principal de problématiser la conception du pouvoir à travers la culture et les religions de ce peuple, en vue de tenter d’établir les conditions de possibilités d’intégration de cette société traditionnelle vers une société moderne multiculturelle et démocratique.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Delsart, Didier. "La notion de "société ouverte" chez Bergson et Popper." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3024.
Full textIt is usually said, when talking about Bergson and Popper, that the former borrows the notion of “open society” to the latter and diverts its meaning. It is a mistake: when he puts this notion in the center of The open society and its enemies, Popper is convinced that he is the one who came up with the notion. When he learns that Bergson used it before him, he underlines the differences between both open societies, while admitting a similarity between both closed societies. But how, if the closed society opposes, by definition, the open society, and if both notions of “closed society” are similar, could both notions of “open society” be fundamentally dissimilar?We are wondering, in our first part, to what degree the two closed societies can be considered similar, and if it is possible to build a unified conception of both of them. We are first seeking to show how Bergson and Popper, while starting from different issues, end up reuniting on the notion of a closed natural morality. We are then showing that these two modalities of the closed – warrior exclusivism and conservative holism – are found in both authors, although they don’t give it the same degree of importance: a number of underlying differences are announcing the upcoming oppositions on the open society. These differences, however, do not prevent the elaboration of a unified conception for the closed society. We are following Bergson to articulate both modalities of the closed while considering that social cohesion comes partly from hostility towards enemies. Our second part questions if what first shows up as a contradiction between both open societies could not be considered rather as tensions among one same open society. We first insist on what can appear as contradictory by showing that openness doesn’t have the same meaning for Bergson it does for Popper: for the former, it’s stepping from the city to a society containing humanity. For the latter, it’s stepping to a city where man’s critical powers are liberated. Popper’s open society is closed to Bergson, and Bergson’s open society is, to Popper, an expression of the longing for the unity of the closed society. But the contradiction comes from comparing each author’s preferred modality for openness, which differs. It is necessary, to have a better vision, to compare the rationalist modality of openness for both authors, as well as the mystical modality of openness for one and the other.By proceeding to this comparison, we can show that these two modalities are both a way for a society to transcend nature, for it to be inventive or creative. When it comes to the rationalist modality of openness, Popper is the one who manages to show its creative aspect, in both theory and practice – Bergson being restrained to do so by his conception of intelligence; when it comes to the mystical modality, it is Bergson who shows how it allows a society to transcend, at least partially, nature – Popper being restrained to do so by his conception of love.From this point, it doesn’t seem impossible to elaborate a unified conception for the open society articulating both of these modalities: the rationalist modality of openness is based on faith in human fraternity, which can only reach its fullest with the mystical modality. It is true that there is tension between these two modalities of openness, but their balance is necessary for a society that opens up: the mystical modality’s presence prevents the rationalist modality, that allows conflict, to fall into warrior degeneracy; the rationalist modality’s presence prevents the mystical modality, that transcends conflicts in enthusiasm, to degenerate into “mystical nationalism”
Demart, Sarah. "Les territoires de la délivrance : mises en perspectives historique et plurilocalisée du Réveil congolais (Bruxelles, Kinshasa, Paris, Toulouse)." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20008.
Full textFrom a social anthropology of inspiration and phenomenological understanding, this thesis questions the process of emergence, movement and reconstruction of the congolese Revival, which has grown exponentially since the 1970s within and outside of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The perspective adopted is historical (the late fifteenth to date contemporary) and multiple locations (Brussels, Kinshasa, Paris, Toulouse). It is justified by the forms of continuity that give to see this theology of Salvation with the prophecies of precolonial and colonial periods, while inscribed in a vast movement of religious globalization, pentecostalism. It is from this framework that examines the devices of "deliverance", differently implemented in the Congolese revival churches, the arrival of migrants- missionaries in Europe, where the first churches today have 25 years of existence and modes of political participation (DRC), significantly marked by processes of demonization. The different angles of the thesis aim to contribute to the understanding of conflicts in that intrinsic religiosity (Bible/Witchcraft) by considering the different currents and spatiotemporal reconstructions of the declinations Revival as something as memory, irreducible an imaginary or identity issues. The development prospects of the way that religious discourse makes territory then leads to the historical depth of the new missionaries' dynamics that inform the reconstructions observed in migration
Molongo, Casimir. "Le "fétichisme", une pratique sociale courante en Afrique et ses effets sur les sportifs congolais." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA070057.
Full textThat document first sets out a brief picture on the main causes of the bad performances of sportsmen of the congolese high level, before deeply analysing the consequences dues to the immoderate belief to "fetishes" and their usage in sport. This captivating factor is double edged, bcause apart from psychological advantages it brings to sportsmen, it is the cause of many negative effects in our society. Let's conclude like this, because the miraculous results that sportsmen and leaders of congolese clubs expect from it, make that training has lost its worth for developing physical aptitudes of elites of all the sporty disciplines in the congo
Lheureux, Guy. "Le problème de l’Education Morale en France au XXe siècle dans l’enseignement élémentaire." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20052/document.
Full textFaced with widespread consumerism and individualism, the erosion of the authority of the educational system, rising violence in certain schools, and even religious and ethnic intolerance, this thesis explores several paths of investigation and presents several proposals regarding the need for a code of ethics and a clarification of societal values in the educational system of today. To begin with, the thesis presents a timeline, from Ferry to Mitterrand, of moral principles as taught in the primary school system. An examination of positions garnered from philosophers and researchers follows, providing a theoretical foundation for moral education and school ethics. Finally, based on a nationwide questionnaire administered by 120 teachers and the aforementioned theoretical foundation, the thesis discusses possible solutions of the challenges of moral education : --A proposal for ethical practice minimum woven from democracy and secularism, teaching the concepts of mutual respect, nature conservation and implementation of social rules; an emphasis on non-violent communication and the respect of the moral principles essential to living together.- -A school awakening of secular spirituality, free of links to religion, allowing humanist values to develop at the heart of educational activities in a climate of peace and tolerance, of non-violence and solidarity; to give a new sense to our shared existence, in a scholastic environment where life skills are as important as knowledges to be acquired; to strive for a “quality of scholastic life”, useful and pleasant, where caring and cooperation are promoted; where the respect of moral values is accepted and applied by all those involved in school life
Bucumi, Guy. "Les fondements des Laïcités en Afrique centrale à l'épreuve du protestantisme évangélique : Cameroun, Congo, Gabon et République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS149.
Full textThe Berlin Conference of 1884 laid the foundations for relationship between religions and states in Central Africa by instituting the "civilizing mission". In this region, those relationships have always been ambiguous. According to the periods, there was collaboration, mutual support, coexistence, mutual ignorance, oppositions and even persecutions. The relationship between religious missions and the colonial administration and between the Catholic Church and the young independent nations, were a perfect illustration. The “wave” of democratization of the 90’s allowed the adoption of new fundamentals laws similar with the French constitution of 1958 took as a model. The new central African constitutions introduced a new principle, the secularism of state, in the same spirit of the French constitutions of 1946 and 1958. The democratic process also allowed pluralism both political and religious. About religious field, the consecration of religious freedom has promoted the implantation of evangelical movement which has then, knew a rapid growth. The issue of relationships between Evangelical Churches and States in this region of Africa is becoming increasingly important, because of the growing success of this new religious movement and its proximity with political powers. This is a new, recent, rapidly changing situation that challenges many political, institutional, legal and social situations. At the legal level, the failure of the secular model adopted call for a need to make a large part of African custom in the conception of legal texts, which would then allow the construction of a new "African" secularism
Balaamo, Mokelwa Jean-Pacifique. "Eglises et Etat en République démocratique du Congo : évolution historique du droit congolais des religions (1885-2003)." Institut de droit canonique (Strasbourg), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR20021.
Full textThis study focuses one's attention on the legal treatment of religious confessions, groups and movements in Democratic Republic of Congo. The religion is an important matter that affects deeply the political dynamic in the contemporary Congo. The colonial legislation of religions is legal status of cults and missions. The post-colonial legislation of religions condideres religions as cultuals associations. This study shows the limits of liberal policy, as legal basement of the State in history of Congo because this liberal policy doesn't assure a strict neutrality of the State in the respect of every conviction and belief. The congolish law of religions is complexe and various, and touchs different aspect of law (Public, Private, Penal, International law, Constitutional, Administrative Law. . . )
Nomanyath, Mwan-a.-Mongo David. "Les églises de réveil dans l'histoire des religions en République démocratique du Congo : questions de dialogue oecuménique et interreligieux." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30002.
Full textBarré, Christine Thérèse Agnès. "L'Enseignement de la science des religions au lycée ou Comment participer au débat démocratique de toute société en quête de sens." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR20072.
Full textReligion has an important part to play in any society, including a secular,pluralistic society. Religious education, whether or not it has a long tradition, faces a number of challenges which it must overcome in order to carve out a place in a school which has something to offer everyone. It must rediscover a memory so that it can pass on the foundations of our Judeo-Christian civilisation to secondary school pupils ; it must offer scope for the quest for meaning, going beyond sectarianism and racism. .
Nkay, Malu Flavien. "La croix et la chèvre : les missionnaires de Scheut et les Jésuites chez les Ding orientaux de la République Démocratique du Congo (1885-1933)." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/nkaymalu_f.
Full textThe action of the Scheut missionaries (1908-1919) and the Jesuits (1921-1933) undoubtedly brought about deep changes amongst the Eastern Ding population; but analysing theses changes shows that the encounter between christianity and the native culture took place in a context of misunderstanding. It also brought about diverse and often unforeseen reactions. In order to face the new challenge initiated by the missionaries, the natives observed, appraised and invented new ways to become part of this new order originating in the Western world without jeopardizing their own traditions which they felt were essential to their historic destiny. For them, it meant ensuring the survival of their identity, through strategic choices in the face of threatening "modern ways" imposed on them by the outside world and within a political and economic context that was both restrictive and oppressive. Above all, they tried to avoid a head-on collision which would have been fatal to them. Therefore they used the tool of trickery and the art of simulation in order to protect those cultural and religious areas that appeared essential to their survival
Kudada, Banza Damien. "Logiques et contraintes de l'intégration politique en Afrique centrale: la théorie de la justice de John Rawls à l'épreuve de la réalité africaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209696.
Full textDevant ce constat amer, nous nous sommes proposé de réfléchir en profondeur sur la théorie de la justice politique de Rawls en vue de nous imprégner de principes susceptibles de garantir les droits et devoirs fondamentaux des citoyens et des peuples bien ordonnés.
Nous avons ainsi examiné les conditions de possibilité de l’application de la théorie de la justice politique de Rawls pour une intégration politique réussie à l’échelle interne, en République Démocratique du Congo, et au niveau international ou supranational des Etats de l’Afrique centrale. Il ressort que la mise en place des institutions politiques, économiques, socioculturelles viables, de l’Etat de droit et du modèle de la démocratie représentativo-délibérative constituent, à notre sens, des préalables indispensables en vue de postuler, à un second niveau, une intégration politique supranationale dans la sous-région de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs caractérisée par des guerres récurrentes interétatiques. Les principes rawlsiens du droit des peuples peuvent aider à repenser la politique étrangère des pays de la sous-région de l’Afrique centrale et celle des organisations supranationales existantes.
Néanmoins, nous avons soutenu que l’application de certains principes rawlsiens du droit des peuples, comme celui du respect des traités et des engagements, nécessite que ceux-ci soient signés au sein d’une « fédération pacifique » des Etats. En effet, dans l’entendement d’Emmanuel Kant, des traités signés dans une « fédération pacifique » mettent fin à la fois aux guerres présentes et futures.
Dans cet ordre d’idées, nous avons souligné qu’une « fédération pacifique » des Etats pourra créer un cadre important pour l’émergence d’une « communauté de sécurité » au sens deutschien du terme, nécessaire pour la paix durable dans la sous-région de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs. La « communauté de sécurité » préconise que les Etats entretenant des relations réciproques ne recourent pas à la violence physique et règlent leurs problèmes par des « mécanismes de changement pacifique ». Dans cette logique, la guerre n’est plus facilement envisageable. De plus, nous avons estimé, en nous inspirant d’Habermas, qu’il est pertinent que les pays de l’Afrique centrale s’engagent sur la voie de l’« afrofédération », assurant la transformation des traités interétatiques conclus en une Constitution politique que chaque Etat de la fédération devra respecter.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Georgopoulou, Panagiota. "Le statut politique de la science et de la technique : la question de leur neutralité politique dans les démocraties occidentales." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081848.
Full textBakombo, Mulopo Nzam. "Le dialogue interreligieux : pour une théologie de la reconstruction appliquée au mariage mbala du Kwango-Kwilu (Congo-Zaire)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40689.
Full textMeite, Youssouf. "Théorie générale du charisme et de la crise de succession en régime charismatique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30076/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis deals with the charisma and the succession crisis in charismatic regime. With the help of theoretical elements drawn from Max Weber and his successors, we try to make an assessment, a summary of previous researches and those in progress, and propose our own understanding of charismatic power and the question of its usefulness. Indeed, although the concept of charisma is widely used and discussed by the theorists of power and leadership, it remains a major conundrum of social science, political and legal. So convinced of its relevance as a principle of legitimation of political power, we attempt to further explore some aspects neglected or insufficiently developed to provide an overview of the issue. The illustration of these great historical figures, the most significant, like Mussolini, Hitler, Khomeini, De Gaulle, Mao, Houphouët, and Nkrumah gives a glimpse of its virtues and its vices, thus highlighting the crises of succession in charismatic regime with their different solutions
Omeonga, Lundula André. "La question de la prolifération des églises de réveil et de leur impact sur la vie sociale en République Démocratique du Congo. Plaidoyer pour une philosophie de la religion du développement." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/271512.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Quaretta, Edoardo. "Les enfants accusés de sorcellerie au Katanga, République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209535.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Matangila, Musalida Léon. "La catégorie de la faute : approche comparative entre la théorie mbala de la République démocratique du Congo et la conception de Paul Ricoeur dans Finitude et culpabilité : Philosophie de la volonté 2." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010640.
Full textBouvignies, Isabelle. "Éléments pour la reconstruction de la genèse de l'État de droit constitutionnel démocratique des guerres d'Italie (1494-1559) aux guerres de religion (1559-1589) : Machiavel, Bodin et la réforme française." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040222.
Full textMachiavelian political thought emerged on the foreground of an obliteration of the religious conception of the world, among the disorders created by the wars of Italy. In France, Bodin thought, on the contrary, as wars of religion between Catholics and Protestants were at their most, was claiming that the “royal monarchy” was the only solution to avoid religious division — his proposition of a royal State is usually considered as a prefiguration of modern State. The rule of law appears actually as a legal structure for State. In fact, the concept of absolute sovereignty is the core of Bodin’s theological and political thought. The bodinian State is not founded on constitutional and democratic premises, but on a domestication of violence. After 1572, in the kingdom of France, immediate disciples of Calvin: Bèze, Duplessis-Mornay and Hotman, reacted to the royal violence. Their convictions were also religious, but founded on another conception of the relation between politics and religion. In some way, we can say that the modern State was born from this tension between absolute sovereignty — which is a conception of law — and a new conception of religion, inclining to autonomy, through the claim for individuals to practise their religion freely, and even under a State as warrant — which is another conception of law, and of the rule of law
Batel, Loïc. "Albrecht Schönherr : de "l'Eglise confessante" à "l'Eglise dans le socialisme"." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010539.
Full textMy dissertation concerns the relations between the east german churches ans the east german state ans focuses on a personality who played a major role in the church from the 60's through the 80's namely Albrecht Schonherr. Born in 1911, Schonherr was a student and friend of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, took part in the kirchenkampf, was named temporary bishop of berlin in 1967 and president of the bund der evangelischen kirchen in der ddr in 1969. Beacause of the role he played through these capital years but also of his theoretical work about a "church of the future" based on the bonhoeffer's vision of a "non religious world", he can be considered as an emblematic figure in the interface between religion and politics in the gdr. Past work on the relations between church and face has focused on the institutional aspects of these relations. In my dissertation, I attempt to shed new light on the relationship by focusing first on the personality and motivations of schonherr who was to represent acurrent of thought that dominated the east german churches in the 60's and secondly on his theological positions as well as on his vision of the church-state relationship, mainly based on the idea of a historical sin committed by the church through the xixth and xxth century towards the working classes ans the socialist movement, positions and vision which i believe to be essential to an understanding of the evolution of the relations between the evangelical church and the sed government
Kassir, Alexandra. "« Le droit d’exister ». Étude sur l’engagement anti-confessionnalisme dans le Liban d’après-guerre." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0077.
Full textThe confessional model is often deemed as the only viable system of governance in Lebanon, despite its many drawbacks. This empirical study seeks to question its possible transformation from below, through an in-depth investigation of the anti-sectarian wave of mobilizations in post-war Lebanon. It traces the development of these protests that have been overlooked for a long time and investigates their capacity to change. To examine these youth-led grassroots efforts operating outside the realm of conventional politics, this study draws on several qualitative methods (narrative and semi-structured interviews, a participant observation and a sociological intervention) and adopts a participatory approach that relies on the activists’ self-analysis of their action. This study sheds the light on a “movement in movement” structured around democratic aspirations. It reveals how the activists advocate for a model of secularism based on recognition, driven by the desire to exist as subjects endowed with universal rights. It shows that religious and cultural diversity are not per se a source of conflict and reveals how anti-sectarian activists open breaches in the sectarian system and pave the way towards a more democratic state, despite the massive challenges they are confronted to
Tinas, Rukiye. "État et religion dans la Turquie post-kémaliste. : L’évolution du Parti de la justice et du développement (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) : Les deux mandats : 2002-2007 et 2007-2011." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20020.
Full textIn modern Turkey clearly marked by secularism, the AKP called “conservative democrat” by its founders from the Islamist movement is the winner of elections of any kind since its appearance in 2001. Although the Kemalist Establishment had wanted to throw out this party could not do it. Paradoxically any attempt on his part has only increased its popularity. Then, the question is “what are the sociocultural and political transformations of society as well as the strengths of the AKP, which may explain its success story both inside and outside the country? ”. The answer to this question depends on what is “Conservative democracy” which could get the green light from the Establishment to enter the political arena: where the party is situated on the political spectrum, what distinguishes it from its counterparties, the most important is it really a political ideology which is distinct from Islamism as suggested by its ideologues? This is how we can know if Turkish Islamism is in the process of inventing in the Muslim world a form comparable to what was the “Christian democracy” in European countries. And if we can classify the AKP among the Islamists, we will examine whether the future of Islam as a political force of government is in Turkey or elsewhere?
Bayat, Mahboubeh. "Le courant intellectuel en Iran des années 1990 à nos jours : Les débats sur l’Etat et la religion." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20134.
Full textThe Iranian intellectual has been always an important part of civil society. Since 1990, this intellectual field with conflicting voices, rising against islamization of society which has been enforced by political power. This intellectual stream is constituted of different groups bend over study of potentiality of establishment of democratic Iranian Nation-State. This study examines various spheres which crossing the actual Iranian intellectual domain and deliberates over four important categories: religious intellectual, philosophical circle, historians and political sociologists. All these thinkers conjointly consider the risk of politization of religion and the sacralization of politics. Their reflections are constructed around a common axe of two notions “State” and “religion”, which reveal the crucial question of change in political system. Through this approach which puts in a parallel direction different discourses and arguments beside each other, this study looks into the relations between the intellectual field and the other units of civil society. The ambition of this research is offering a theoretical panorama on present problematic of intellectual society with probing their strategies
Aysu, Murat Okan. "Comprendre l'Al Qaedisme : stratégies et réponses." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22007.
Full textAl Qaeda has become renowned thanks to a few symbolic pioneering terrorist attacks among which the most spectacular ones took place on 11 September 2001. The study of Al Qaeda’s complex profile with deep roots in history, politics and the society of the Islamic world, and of its evolution, helps to understand that the real menace comes not from one man, nor from a group, but from an overarching ideology dedicated to a defensive jihad, Al Qaedism. This radical ideology, built upon strong and coherent pillars, preaches a holy global war against the West. Radical fundamentalist ad hoc networks and local terrorist groups have amalgamated around the objectives and strategies of a common, codified Al Qaedism disseminated in cyberspace and have magnified the menace by reaching all the spheres of the international community. The dominating conservative political approach attempted in vain to prevent further terrorist attacks by putting in place a series of exceptional measures more repressive one than another. However, the growing radicalization and the unprecedented multiplication of terrorist attacks since 2001 demonstrate that the western models applied as such by Westerners to societies established on other fundamentals have not allowed to find a longstanding solution against Al Qaedism and rather increased the menace. Responses adjusted to the real menace, reinforced by the respect to human rights, have to be introduced by new multidisciplinary and synchronized strategies of deradicalization that take into account the war on ideas in order to depolarize the relations between Muslims and non-Muslims in the world. The adoption of preventive, proactive and reactive measures that find a balance between the needs of the fight against terrorism and the fundamental democratic values will have to aim first at gaining the hearts and minds of all the parties involved and to foster an alliance of civilizations