Academic literature on the topic 'Democratic republic of congo'

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Journal articles on the topic "Democratic republic of congo"

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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01197.

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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00348.

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Kabemba, Claude. "Democratic republic of Congo." South African Journal of International Affairs 12, no. 1 (June 2005): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220460509556748.

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Bowell, Rob, and Robert B. Cook. "Cuprosklodowskite:Musonoi, Democratic Republic of Congo." Rocks & Minerals 84, no. 2 (March 2009): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.84.2.144-149.

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FRIMAN, HÅKAN. "THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." African Security Review 10, no. 3 (January 2001): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2001.9628115.

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ALUSALA, NELSON. "THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." African Security Review 13, no. 1 (January 2004): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2004.9627275.

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Pasha, Aura Alifia Kamilla, and Levina Yustitianingtyas. "Peran United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hak Anak Sebagai Korban Perekrutan Tentara Bersenjata di Republik Demokratik Kongo." Wajah Hukum 8, no. 1 (April 4, 2024): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v8i1.1409.

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This legal research focuses on the issue of the extent of UNICEF’s role in protecting the rights of children who are victims of exploitation and abuse, on of which is that occur in conflict areas Republic Democratic of Congo. One of the phenomena that occurs is the recruitment of armed soldiers which occurs among children. This case of child soldiers that occurred in the Republic Democratic of Congo involved various armed Rally Constitutional Democratic (RCD) parties in fighting pro government parties and creating political grudges that could attract children in this country to take part in the conflict as child soldiers. This legal issue in this research discusses the role of UNICEF in providing protection for children recruited as armed soldiers in the Republic Democraic of Congo from the perspective of International Humanitarian Law. Research methods juridical normative with a descriptive approach to invitation regulations based on primary, secondary, and tertiary data sources. This results of this research show that children as victims of exploitation by armed soldiers have not received optimal treatment because UNICEF is experiencing obstacles in resolving children’s rights in the Republic Democratic of Congo.
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Lachenaud, O., and D. J. Harris. "THREE NEW SPECIES OF CHASSALIA AND PSYCHOTRIA (RUBIACEAE) FROM CENTRAL AFRICA." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (May 28, 2010): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428610000077.

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Three new species of Rubiaceae from Central Africa are described and illustrated. Chassalia lutescens O.Lachenaud & D.J.Harris (widespread from Cameroon to Democratic Republic of Congo) is recognised inter alia by the T-shaped ventral furrow of the seeds and the orange-yellow discoloration of inflorescences in herbarium specimens. Psychotria nodiflora O.Lachenaud & D.J.Harris (Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville and Democratic Republic of Congo), belonging to Psychotria subgen. Psychotria sect. Involucratae, is unique among African species of the genus in having paired axillary inflorescences. Psychotria pteropus O.Lachenaud & D.J.Harris (Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of Congo) belongs to Psychotria subgen. Tetramerae; it is closely related to P. leptophylla Hiern but differs in its narrow corolla tube and globose to ellipsoid fruits.
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Shook, David. "Goma: Democratic Republic of the Congo." World Literature Today 88, no. 5 (2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2014.0240.

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David Shook. "Goma: Democratic Republic of the Congo." World Literature Today 88, no. 5 (2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.88.5.0005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Democratic republic of congo"

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Moleko, Teboho Banele. "A critical analysis of the role of coltan in the Eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo’s second war (1998-2003)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017864.

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The role of natural resources in African conflicts has been subject to extensive scholarly analysis. However, much of this analysis has taken a narrow economic reductionist bias. As such, it is imperative that the dominant assumptions and accepted concepts and theories about the role of natural resources in African conflicts be re-examined. The aim of this thesis is to offer a revaluation of the role of coltan during the Democratic Republic of Congo’s (DRC) Second War (1998-2003) through a critical engagement with the resource wars literature. The purpose is to offer a re-reading of the role of coltan in the DRC Second War and the broader regional and global economic context in which this conflict took place. It rejects the commonly cited assumption that the presence of coltan in the DRC means it is an initiator of conflict. Rather, this thesis argues that the central role of coltan in the DRC Second War was as an aggravator of conflict in that its exploitation was used by different parties to fund their military and political ambitions. This thesis also argues that the DRC’s weak state structures and pivotal role within the Great Lakes region, as well as the international trade of coltan and the nature of the DRC coltan mining industry are all key factors in understanding coltan exploitation in the country’s Eastern Region during the Second War.
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Winters, Veronica Jane. "State-Corporate Crime in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4615.

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This study addresses the need for a parsimonious theoretical model to explain state-corporate crime. The Integrated Theoretical Model of State-Corporate Crime will be compared to the Integrated Theory of International Criminal Law Violation to determine which model provides the most accurate theoretical depiction of state- corporate crime, while retaining parsimony. For this comparison, the models will be applied to Democratic Republic of Congo case study. Using a secondary analysis of qualitative data and preexisting literature, it was found that the Integrated Theoretical Model of State-Corporate Crime displays a representative depiction of all state-corporate crime actors and their catalysts for action in a more parsimonious manner than the Integrated Theory of International Criminal Law Violation.
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Nibishaka, Emmanuel. "Expropriation of mineral resourses and the implications for conflict transformation in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018880.

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The eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has experienced constant instability and conflict since 1996. With the collapse of the state of Zaire and the renaming of the country by the late Laurent Desire Kabila in late 1996, there were high expectations from the Congolese population that the country was going to move forward. However, in less than two years, the central government in Kinshasa was facing a new rebellion from the east of the country, followed by widespread violence and criminal activities by armed and militia groups. Although military intervention from Zimbabwe, Namibia and Angola halted the rebellion march to Kinshasa, the capital city of DRC, and allowed the DRC government to sign peace agreement with its opponents in 2002; since then, the prospect of peace in the eastern DRC, especially the North and South Kivus seems bleak. Since 2002, that region has been the theatre of armed and militia groups (both local and foreign), owing to, in the views of various experts, the presence of mineral resources to support their criminal activities, as well as the economic interests of regional actors to create proxy militia and armed groups in the absence of central government in much of eastern DRC. The purpose and rationale of this study is to critically identify actors in the postconflict reconstruction process, and examine the role of mineral resources among other perpetuating factors of the protracted conflict in eastern DRC, in order to arrive at a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the failure of peace building and post-conflict reconstruction processes that have been undertaken. This study aims to fill a gap in available literature, by pointing to some conflict drivers and factors which have previously been overlooked in post-conflict reconstruction, and in existing research on the topic, especially the role of mineral resources in sustaining conflict. A thorough conceptualization of relevant conflict theory and a historical overview of the conflict in DRC were provided as a point of departure in order to understand other factors that contribute to the intractability of conflict in eastern DRC, this study found that those factors were rooted in the legacy of colonialism; the bad leadership under both the colonial powers and subsequent government of Joseph Mobutu, manipulation and politicization of ethnic identities especially in the South and North Kivu and the geopolitical location of the eastern DRC. This study further established that the presence of mineral resources in eastern DRC indeed contributes to the continued insecurity in that region by providing succour to armed groups, thus undermining peace agreements especially the Pretoria agreement that formally ended hostilities in 2002. Furthermore, the study found that the issue of mineral resources is not the sole driver of the eastern DRC conflict, as the issues of ethnic polarisation especially, discrimination against Kinyarwanda speaking Congolese in the east, and the view that only military means can solve this problem; coupled with other security threats including the presence of foreign militia groups motivate the neighbouring countries of Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi to constantly meddle in DRC's internal affairs. The study suggests that additional research be conducted to further investigate the regional dimensions of the conflict and how perceived interests in mineral revenue contribute to the polarisation of the population in eastern DRC; leading to the proliferation of armed groups.
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Tshiyoyo, Mudikolele Michel. "Public service delivery in the Democratic Republic of the Congo a case study approach /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07312007-142223/.

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Munyae, Isaac Muinde. "Failure rather than success : conflict management and resolution in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1996-1999." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007427.

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History has proven time and time again that conflict is an inevitable aspect of any given society. The seemingly long-standing nature of conflicts in Africa has been changing over time and these conflicts have been either inter-state or intra-state. However, sometimes intrastate wars have escalated into regional conflicts. These scenarios can be seen in the Great Lakes region of Africa where you have the civil war of 1996-7 and the rebellion, which began in 1998 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In the DRC there have been at least four stages of conflict. The first is against the Belgians and secondly, the civil strife of the early 1960s. Third, is the civil strife against Mobutu and fourthly, currently against Kabila. The expanding nature of conflict is characterised by power struggles, politicisation of ethnicity, and the impact of external forces. It is noted that the expanding nature of conflict calls for a change in the methods of conflict management and resolution. Initially conflicts were resolved through military intervention. but with the complexity of African wars it has become apparent that peaceful methods are more prudent. With reference to Africa it can be assumed that conflicts need to be increasingly resolved through political means, such as the use of the diplomatic process. The conflict in Chad between 1968 and 1984 is a good example in which military intervention was used but failed, giving way to mediation and negotiation through the use of diplomacy. Both the DRC and Chadian conflicts are similar because they witnessed the influence of external forces (neighbouring countries and non-African states such as France and the US) and African states attempting to find solutions to their own problems. The conflict in the DRC provides a unique example of the changing nature of intra-state conflict in Africa. Thus, the study aims to trace the characteristics of conflict in the DRC and attempts made at conflict management and resolution. The study uses the period bet ween 1996 and 1999 because it highlights this change in the nature and character of conflict.
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Kashala, David Mukuna. "Evaluation of the effects of political instability on entrepreneurial activities : the case of the Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2440.

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Thesis (MTech (Business administration in entrepreneurship))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
Interest in the domain of Entrepreneurship is growing considerably. Nevertheless, the plan of this study is to discover the distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The cutting-edge hostile environment for business developments of underdeveloped countries. In the case of the DRC, entrepreneurship is developed under life-threatening conditions, rarely seen elsewhere. These extreme conditions for entrepreneurship are present as the result of transitional particularities and the marginalised context deriving from political circumstances surrounding the DRC. Apart from the barriers and particularities of a business environment derived mainly from a transitional phase, the political situation has heavily influenced entrepreneurial developments in the country.
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Lubadi, Kyungu Lubaba. "Traditional practices and girl education in rural Democratic Republic of Congo: exploring the voices of Luba girls." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18321.

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Girl child education has been a challenge for many African countries due to the patriarchal gender order of communities. This is not different in the Democratic Republic of Congo where son preference is still rife. This study sought to explore how girls in rural Lubaland in DRC experience their schooling in relation to the traditional gendered practices. A qualitative approach to research was employed within an interpretive paradigm. Young school going girls were purposively selected from two rural schools in Malemba and Mwanza. A total of 18 girls became participants to the study. Data were generated through the use of drawings and focus group discussions to explore how the girls saw themselves as girls and students at home, on the way to school and at school. This was done in order to understand how they experience their schooling lives. The findings revealed several gendered challenges that the rural girls experience daily in terms of gaining access to and succeeding in schools. The challenge of son preference and gender role stereotyping created challenges for girls at home, while lack of facilities for girls’ sexual health and long distances to school created challenges for girls on the way to school. At school the girls experienced challenge of being unable to afford school fees and corporal punishment. If these challenges are to be eradicated, there is need for all stakeholders in education, including traditional leaders and communities to deconstruct the gendered dynamics that position women and girls as subordinate and not deserving of an education. This study has implications for educational planning in the Democratic Republic of Congo for girl children to get better access and success in their education. The findings also highlight the need for more concerted efforts to understand the experiences of schooling girls across DRC in order to influence teacher training and educational provisioning that is girl friendly.
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Bwebwe, Asmini. "Engendering water policy in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) /." [Sede Boker] : Albert Katz International School for Desert Research, 2007. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/BwebweAsmini.pdf.

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Williams, Timothy Alan. "Paradigms and postcoloniality : politics in the Democratic Republic of Congo /." Title page and introduction only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw7275.pdf.

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Bekaert, Stefan. "System and repertoire in Sakata medicine : Democratic Republic of Congo /." Uppsala : Uppsala Univ. Library, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0605/2001422546.html.

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Books on the topic "Democratic republic of congo"

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Stefoff, Rebecca. Republic of Zaire. Edgemont, Pa: Chelsea House, 1987.

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Tania, Woodruff, ed. Democratic Republic of the Congo. New York: Chelsea House, 2007.

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Willis, Terri. Democratic Republic of the Congo. New York: Children's Press, 2003.

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Lin, Yong Jui, ed. The Democratic Republic of the Congo. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010.

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Cartier, Fondation, ed. Beauté Congo: 1926-2015 : Congo Kitoko. Paris: Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, 2015.

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Vanderstraeten, Louis-François. De la Force publique à l'Armée nationale congolaise: Histoire d'une mutinerie, juillet 1960. Bruxelles: Académie royale de Belgique, 1985.

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DiPiazza, Francesca. Democratic Republic of Congo in pictures. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2008.

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Fegley, Randall. The Congo. Oxford, England: Clio Press, 1993.

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Rorison, Sean. Congo: Democratic Republic, Republic : the Bradt travel guide. Chalfont St. Peter, England: Bradt Travel Guides, 2008.

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Lerner Publications Company. Geography Dept., ed. Congo-- in pictures. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Democratic republic of congo"

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Kalala, Nkongolo, and Luyaku Loko Nsimpasi. "Congo, Democratic Republic." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 180–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_644.

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Kabemba, Claude. "Democratic Republic of Congo." In Mining Law and Economic Policy, 19–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07048-8_2.

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Rubbens, Antoine. "The Congo Democratic Republic." In African Penal Systems, 12–32. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003494119-3.

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Turner, Barry. "Congo, Democratic Republic of the." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 346–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_148.

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Turner, Barry. "Congo, Democratic Republic of the." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 347–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_148.

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Turner, Barry. "Congo, Democratic Republic of the." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 351–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_202.

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Heath-Brown, Nick. "Congo, Democratic Republic of the." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 352–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8_204.

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Turner, Barry. "Congo, Democratic Republic of the." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010, 346–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_148.

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Turner, Barry. "Congo, Democratic Republic of the." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 348–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58635-6_147.

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Turner, Barry. "Congo, Democratic Republic of the." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 351–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59051-3_196.

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Conference papers on the topic "Democratic republic of congo"

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Lebughe, P., K. de Vlam, R. Westhovens, J.-M. Mbuyi-Muamba, and J.-J. Malemba. "AB0732 Spondyloarthritis in the democratic republic of congo." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.4642.

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Banza, Elvire Nzeba. "Democratic Republic of Congo: Status of women in physics." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2015 (ICCMSE 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937659.

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Ngoma, J., R. Ndeda, and G. Adwek. "Household adoption dynamics of solar home systems in Democratic Republic of Congo." In 12th International Conference on Clean and Green Energy (ICCGE 2023). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2023.1604.

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Boston, Katie, and Shavonte Brandon. "ASSESSMENT OF COBALT MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO AND ZAMBIA." In Joint 72nd Annual Southeastern/ 58th Annual Northeastern Section Meeting - 2023. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023se-385307.

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Kasay, Georges, Christopher Nyamai, and Norbert Opiyo. "Niobium contents of the lateritic soils of Bingo in the Democratic Republic of Congo." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.8708.

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Matsundo, K. S. "PERCEPTION OF ALUMNI ON HIGHER LEARNING EDUCATION EFFICACY IN BUTEMBO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." In International Conference on Future of Education. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/26307413.2021.4102.

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Turner, Elizabeth C., Quinn Dabros, and David W. Broughton. "ORE-HOSTING KAMOA-KAKULA DIAMICTITE MATRIX (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO) EXHIBITS TWO-STAGE CU MINERALISATION." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359100.

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Kidiamboko, S., A. Mancini, S. Longhi, and L. Spalazzi. "A scalable telemedicine architecture for under developed countries. A case study: Democratic Republic of Congo." In Automation (MED 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med.2008.4602255.

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Matiyabu, Imaja Itulelo, and Patrick Ndayizigamiye. "Enhancing Agricultural Practices Through Mobile Technology Interventions: A Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo." In 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033051.

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Gignoux, EM, Y. Katuala, N. Tagoto, N. Wega, P. Nkemenang, A. Incerti, N. Peyraud, and I. Ciglenecki. "Risk factors associated with death among measles cases in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo." In MSF Scientific Day International 2023. NYC: MSF-USA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/05y5-hg11.

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Reports on the topic "Democratic republic of congo"

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Ragasa, Catherine, and John M. Ulimwengu. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293755_08.

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Warren, Tracy A. Background Report on Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034662.

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Rahmé, Marianne, and Alex Walsh. Corruption Challenges and Responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.093.

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) consistently scores in the lowest rungs of global indexes on corruption, integrity and wider governance standards. Indeed, corruption of different sorts pervades public and corporate life, with strong ramifications for human development. Although the DRC is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources, its people are among the globe’s poorest.Corruption in the extractive industries (minerals and oil) is particularly problematic in terms of scale and its centrality to a political economy that maintains elites and preserves the highly inequitable outcomes for the majority. The politico-economic elites of the DRC, such as former President Joseph Kabila, are reportedly significant perpetrators but multinationals seeking valuable minerals or offering financial services are also allegedly deeply involved. Corruption is therefore a problem with national and international roots.Despite national and international initiatives, levels of corruption have proven very stubborn for at least the last 20 years, for various reasons. It is a structural and not just a legal issue. It is deeply entrenched in the country’s political economy and is driven both by domestic clientelism and the fact that multinationals buy into corrupt deals. This rapid review therefore seeks to find out the Corruption challenges and responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Grand level corruption shades down into the meso-level, where for instance, mineral laden trucks are systematically under-weighted with the collusion of state officials. With severe shortfalls in public funding, certain public services, such as education, are supported by informal payments. Other instances of petty corruption facilitate daily access to goods and services. At this level, there are arguments against counting such practices as forms of corruption and instead as necessary survival practices.To address the challenge of corruption, the DRC is equipped with a legal system that is of mixed strengths and an institutional arsenal that has made limited progress. International programming in integrity and anti-corruption represents a significant proportion of support to the DRC but much less than humanitarian and governance sectors. The leading international partners in this regard are the EU, US, UNDP, UK, African Development Bank, Germany and Sweden. These partners conduct integrity programming in general governance issues, as well as in the mineral and forest sectors.The sources used in this rapid review are gender blind and converge on a very negative picture The literature ranges from the academic and practitioner to the journalistic and investigative, and taken as a whole, is of good quality, drawing on different types of evidence including perceptions and qualitative in-country research. The sources are mostly in English with two in French.
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Accius, Jean, Justin Ladner, and Staci Alexander. Global Longevity Economy Outlook: Democratic Republic of the Congo Infographic. Washington, DC: AARP Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/int.00052.020.

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Kisangani, Emizet. The 2023 Elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Challenges and Opportunities. APRI - Africa Policy Research Private Institute gUG (haftungsbeschränkt)., December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59184/sa.036.

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The DRC presidential election will take place on December 20th, 2023. Voters are hoping for developments amid enduring instability and a history of electoral misconduct, while global interest centers around the nation’s strategic minerals.
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Gramizzi, Claudio, Daniel Golston, and Hardy Giezendanner. Weapons and Ammunition Management Country Insight: The Democratic Republic of the Congo. UNIDIR, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/20/wam/17.

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UNIDIR defines WAM in a comprehensive manner covering the oversight, accountability and governance of arms and ammunition throughout their management cycle, including establishment of relevant national frameworks, processes and practices for the safe and secure production and acquisition of materiel, stockpiling, transfers, end use control, tracing and disposal. This holistic approach is essential in ensuring that efforts to better regulate arms and ammunition are undertaken in alignment with broader security sector, rule of law, armed violence reduction, counter-terrorism, and peacebuilding processes, and not in isolation. Research emphasis is placed on national and regional approaches to WAM in pursuit of a national and regionally owned process, and to support a ‘bottom-up’ and evidence-based approach. This series of WAM Country Insights will help promote knowledge, and raise visibility and awareness on the WAM context, progress made, and areas for enhancement in the African States that have conducted WAM baseline assessments with support from UNIDIR. It aims to serve as a reference for donors and international partners providing assistance and technical support for improving weapons and ammunition frameworks in the relevant country. The launch of the series will begin on 29 October 2020 and lead to the UNIDIR-AU Regional WAM Lessons Learned Seminars, to be held in November and December.
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7

Kanani, John, and Louise Medland. Sanitation Marketing in a Fragile Context: Lessons from Gemena, Democratic Republic of Congo. Oxfam, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2018.3613.

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8

Policy Research Institute, International Food. Measuring changes in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)’s agri-food system. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136652.

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9

L., Putzel, and Kabuyaya N. Chinese aid, trade and investment and the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003723.

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10

Price, Roz. Taxation and Public Financial Management of Mining Revenue in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.144.

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This rapid review provides a summary of the evidence on the taxation and public financial management of mining revenues in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is a very complex topic, with a large and growing literature base, a huge interest by donors, non-governmental organisations and businesses, with some conflicting information at times. In particular, specific data on provincial budgets and spending was not identified during this review. No specific information on public financial management in either of these provinces was identified during the course of this review. Given the burgeoning size of the literature base and the complexity of the mining sector in the DRC, this rapid review only provides a snapshot of the literature. It draws on academic, grey and donor literature sources. Some papers for further reading are highlighted. The report first provides a brief background discussion of general taxation in the DRC, the decentralisation process, and provincial public revenue management. The next section provides general information on the mining sector in the DRC, including the regulatory system and official duties, royalties and tax provisions. Section 4 goes into more detail about taxation and rent-seeking in the mining sector, touching on both large-scale mining (LSM) and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). The next section looks at smuggling of minerals in the DRC, with a focus on gold. Finally, some specific lessons learned were drawn from two World Bank projects and highlighted in the final section. Lessons and experiences from other mining-related projects are also highlighted throughout the report. Literature in French was not included in this rapid review, which may mean that some key documents were omitted.
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