Journal articles: 'Democracy – Great Britain – Case studies'

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Cox, Jeffrey. "Provincializing Christendom: The Case of Great Britain." Church History 75, no. 1 (March 2006): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700088351.

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Woodfield, N. K., J. W. S. Longhurst, C. I. Beattie, T. Chatterton, and D. P. H. Laxen. "Regional collaborative urban air quality management: case studies across Great Britain." Environmental Modelling & Software 21, no. 4 (April 2006): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.05.010.

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Parry, Geraint, and George Moyser. "A Map of Political Participation in Britain." Government and Opposition 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00753.x.

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WHEREVER ONE TAKES A POSITION IN THE GREAT DEBATE between representative and participatory democrats it is clear that no democracy can function without the involvement of its citizens. What is at issue is the extent and nature of the citizen participation which is thought to be required if a democracy is to be worthy of its name. Whilst this is a fundamentally normative issue, the protagonists on both sides regularly cite evidence as to actual levels of participation and draw inferences from that evidence in support of their contentions.On the one side are those who assert that in Britain ‘some of the spectators have begun to descend on to the field’; on the other are those who say that ‘the “grass roots” of politics seem shrivelled and starved of the nourishment of participation by the citizens’. For this reason, as Jane Mansbridge has said, ‘field studies of what happens to various ideals when people try to live by them could prove useful in clarifying a wide range of normative questions.

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Eley, Geoff. "Culture, Britain, and Europe." Journal of British Studies 31, no. 4 (October 1992): 390–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386016.

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We are in the midst of a remarkable moment of historical change, in which the very meaning of “Europe” — as economic region, political entity, cultural construct, object of study—is being called dramatically into question, and with it the meanings of the national cultures that provide its parts. While perceptions have been overwhelmed by the political transformations in the east since the autumn of 1989, profound changes have also been afoot in the west, with the legislation aimed at producing a single European market in 1992. Moreover, these dramatic events — the democratic revolutions against Stalinism in Eastern Europe, the expansion and strengthening of the European Community (EC) — have presupposed a larger context of accumulating change. The breakthrough to reform under Yuri Andropov and Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, the Solidarity crisis in Poland, and the stealthful reorientations in Hungary have been matched by longer-run processes of change in Western Europe, resulting from the crisis of social democracy in its postwar Keynesian welfare-statist forms, capitalist restructuring, and the general trend toward transnational Western European economic integration.Taken as a whole, these developments in east and west make the years 1989-92 one of those few times when fundamental political and constitutional changes, in complex articulation with social and economic transformations, are occurring on a genuinely European-wide scale, making this one of the several great constitution-making periods of modern European history.

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Flinders, Matthew. "Constitutional Anomie: Patterns of Democracy and ‘The Governance of Britain’." Government and Opposition 44, no. 4 (2009): 385–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2009.01294.x.

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Abstract‘The Governance of Britain’ agenda represents Gordon Brown's attempt to respond to long-standing criticisms regarding the way in which Labour governments have since 1997 approached the topic of constitutional reform and democratic renewal. The central argument of this article is that the Labour Party remains afflicted by constitutional anomie and these recent documents, combined with the behaviour of politicians, have done little in response. This article is of methodological importance because it assesses the cumulative impact of recent reforms through the application of Lijphart's framework and reflects on the utility of this tool. It is of conceptual importance because the results of the systematic analysis add further weight to the accusation of constitutional anomie while also allowing the development of a new conceptual tool – bi-constitutionality – which offers a way of understanding long-standing debates. The article is of normative importance because it avoids the descriptive-prescriptive approach to constitutional literature that has dominated British political studies, and it is relevant for comparative politics because it replicates and takes forward a methodology that has been applied around the world. In doing so it provides a critical case of executive politics and statecraft vis-à-vis constitutional reform.

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O'LEARY, PAUL. "When Was Anti-Catholicism? The Case of Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Wales." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 56, no. 2 (April 2005): 308–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046904002131.

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Anti-Catholicism was a pervasive influence on religious and political life in nineteenth-century Wales. Contrary to the views of Trystan Owain Hughes, it mirrored the chronology of anti-Catholic agitation in the rest of Great Britain. Welsh exceptionalism lies in the failure of militant Protestant organisations to recruit in Wales, and the assimilation of anti-Catholic rhetoric into the frictions between the Church of England and Nonconformity over the disestablishment of the Church. Furthermore, whereas the persistence of anti-Catholicism in twentieth-century Britain is primarily associated with cities like Liverpool and Glasgow, its continuing influence in Wales was largely confined to rural areas and small towns.

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Boyce, D. G. "Brahmins and carnivores: the Irish historian in Great Britain." Irish Historical Studies 25, no. 99 (May 1987): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400026602.

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This paper is concerned with the teaching of Irish history in Great Britain, with the students, the teachers and their subject. Each merits a brief mention before any detailed discussion, in order to draw attention to the problems that exist, and to clear up any misunderstanding or ignorance about the task that is to be performed.In the great controversy between Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine occasioned by the French Revolution, Paine made at least one telling remark in his refutation of Burke’s defence of tradition and usage: he declared that an hereditary monarch was about as sensible as an hereditary mathematician. An hereditary Irish studies student in Great Britain makes about as much sense as both. Much nonsense is talked about the inherited genes of the Irish in Britain, on the assumption that (somehow) an interest in, and ability to comprehend, Irish studies can be transmitted from one generation of Irish immigrants to another. This may be the case; but if it is, it probably takes its rise from social rather than hereditary factors; and it is no more likely to produce an intelligent, perceptive student of Ireland than of France.

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Kozłowski, Artur Roland. "Populism as a Factor of Destabilisation in Consolidated Democracies." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2019-0015.

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AbstractThis study offers a discussion of the dangers to the stability of political systems in consolidated democracies posed by contemporary populism, with a particular focus on the dynamic development of extreme right-wing populism. The author considers the consequences of efficient populist campaigns, such as Brexit in Great Britain, lowered trust towards the United States under Trump’s administration and practices followed by the Law and Justice party (PiS) under the leadership of Jarosław Kaczyński in Poland, which seem especially destructive for liberal democracy. Further examples are those of Hungary and Turkey, where the political systems have eroded into semi-consolidated democracy in the case of the former and an authoritarian system in the latter case. A comparative analysis of freedom indices indicates some dangers related to de-consolidation of the democratic system in Poland. Furthermore, the study points out dangers arising from the transformation of soft populism, understood as communication rhetoric oriented towards the concentration of power in the hands of populist leaders, which clearly paves the way for the dismantling of consolidated democracy in favour of an authoritarian system. The conclusions of the study outlines a variety of actions which can be undertaken to protect the achievements of liberal democracy.

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Grochalski, Stefan Marek. "„Brexit” – konsekwencje dla obywateli Wielkiej Brytanii jako eksobywateli Unii Europejskiej." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 14, no. 4 (1) (November 10, 2016): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1317.

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The results of the referendum regarding the UK leaving the European Union indicated that the majority of British citizens, who are also citizens of the EU, decided to leave the European Union. The citizens’ decision has serious legal consequences arising from Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. This is the first case of a state leaving the European Union, which raises many questions. In the presented material, the institution of referendum is being analyzed as a form of direct democracy as well as, in this context, the effects of Brexit affecting directly the citizens of Great Britain – ex-citizens of the European Union.

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Fletcher, Denise, and Irene Hardill. "Value-Adding Competitive Strategies: A Comparison of Clothing SMEs Case Studies in France and Great Britain." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 14, no. 1 (October 1995): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242695141002.

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Macleod, Catriona Ida, Siân Beynon-Jones, and Merran Toerien. "Articulating reproductive justice through reparative justice: case studies of abortion in Great Britain and South Africa." Culture, Health & Sexuality 19, no. 5 (November 25, 2016): 601–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2016.1257738.

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Thomas, Barry A. "The palaeobotanical beginnings of geological conservation: with case studies from the USA, Canada and Great Britain." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 241, no. 1 (2005): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.207.01.08.

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Bachrach, Deborah Y. "Recruitment of Britain’s Legion in the United States: The Case of Minneapolis, Minnesota." War in History 26, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344517695347.

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During World War I, Great Britain attempted to recruit troops not subject to British jurisdiction to participate in the imperial war effort. The most successful of these efforts was the enlistment of thousands of Jewish immigrants from the United States in several battalions, known collectively as the Jewish Legion, which fought along the Jordan River in Palestine in 1918. This paper is a case study (Minneapolis, Minnesota) illustrating the organizational mechanisms by which this recruitment campaign was executed successfully and in a remarkably short period of time.

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Sotiropoulos, Dimitri A. "Liberal Democracy in a Less-than-Liberal Context? The Case of Contemporary Greece." Journal of Illiberalism Studies 2, no. 2 (2022): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.53483/wckx3545.

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The persistence of democracy in today’s Greece may be surprising for two reasons. First, liberal democracy survived an economic crisis in the 2010s that was more severe than the Great Depression of the 1930s. Second, liberal democracy has remained stable despite the fact that the period since the 1974 transition from the Colonels’ Regime has witnessed the diffusion of illiberal ideas and an emergence of relatively small yet very active antiliberal parties. Liberal democracy has been resilient in the face of nationalism and populism, even though accountable liberal institutions enjoy limited political trust. The resilience of contemporary Greek democracy can be explained through two sets of factors: a political set and a social set. Political factors include a long history of political liberalism and the robustness of contemporary political-party competition. Social factors include Greece’s relatively large middle class and the absence of overlapping social cleavages that could otherwise have led to destructive socio-political polarization and then a slide toward illiberalism. The Greek case shows under what conditions a liberal democracy can flourish in a less-than-liberal context.

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Crossick, Geoffrey. "Evaluation of research publications and its impact on research: the case of Great Britain." Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez, no. 44-2 (November 15, 2014): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mcv.5856.

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Osborne, Patrick E. "Key issues in assessing the feasibility of reintroducing the great bustard Otis tarda to Britain." Oryx 39, no. 1 (January 2005): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305000050.

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The great bustard is a globally-threatened species needing conservation action across Europe. This paper discusses key issues in the case for reintroducing the bird to Britain. Great bustards became extinct as a breeding species in Britain in 1832 probably as a result of hunting, agricultural change and inclement weather. The factors that caused the loss are no longer thought to operate. Suitable habitat exists in pockets across England and especially on Salisbury Plain where a large area is protected for military training and conservation purposes. The Plain combines short grass areas for lekking, long grassland for feeding and adjacent arable land for nesting. Pilot studies on arthropods in long grassland suggest that their density is sufficient for chick-rearing but the precautionary creation of additional food-rich areas among arable crops is recommended. Genetic studies indicate that Britain's bustards probably belonged to the central European group and that restocking should not use birds from Iberia. Only Russia has sufficient birds to supply a reintroduction project and losses there through nest destruction are high. By rescuing eggs, artificially incubating them and transporting chicks to Britain, the project should have zero detriment to the donor population. Modelling indicates that 40 chicks will need to be brought to Britain for 5–10 years to build a founder population of 100 birds. Although focused on direct action in Britain, the project will promote grassland conservation across Europe and serve as a model for translocating bustards elsewhere.

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Acreman, M. C., J. R. Blake, D. J. Booker, R. J. Harding, N. Reynard, J. O. Mountford, and C. J. Stratford. "A simple framework for evaluating regional wetland ecohydrological response to climate change with case studies from Great Britain." Ecohydrology 2, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.37.

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Ramdhan, Muhammad Angga. "POLITIK KETAHANAN NASIONAL." Jurnal Dinamika Global 4, no. 02 (January 8, 2020): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v4i02.137.

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The rise of nationalism values among democratic election in Western Europe had brought back the trend of classical realism in current international relations. Brexit phenomena, in which Great Britain choose to withdraw from European Union membership, is not separated from the trend. The phenomena become interesting case studies when compared to Indonesian election in 2019 where national resilience becomes the political focus. Using classical realism, this article aimed to understand why populism movement based on national resilience values was accepted in Brexit referendum but insignificant in Indonesian election. From the inquiries, this article concludes that populism movement emphasizing threats and nationalistic approach works in Great Britain due to instability caused by migrant, while Indonesia was much stable due to stronger national resilience against threats.

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Higgins, Thomas Winfield. "Mission Networks and the African Diaspora in Britain." African Diaspora 5, no. 2 (2012): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725457-12341236.

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Abstract Scholars have frequently commented on the networks fostered by Africans living in the diaspora. It is not commonly recognized that many African Christians also relied upon ‘mission networks.’ These networks exerted a degree of influence on migrants, but were also a great help, particularly to students, and for that reason many Africans valued them while living in Britain. Such was the case with G. Daniels Ekarte, who founded the African Churches Mission in Liverpool, and others including: James ‘Holy’ Johnson, Byang Kato, Parmenas Mukiri Githendu and Emmanuel Akingbala.

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Tsymbalova, Anna. "Overview of Modern Foreign Publications on the Evacuation of Basque Children to the Great Britain in 1937 During the Civil War in Spain." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (September 2022): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.4.22.

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Introduction. The historic episode of the evacuation of 4,000 Basque children to Great Britain after the bombing of Guernica was a striking and dramatic event in the Spanish Civil War. Despite a forty-year period of oblivion, since the 1980s after Spain’s transition to democracy, there has been a surge in interest in this topic, which has not subsided in foreign studies until this moment. Methods and materials. This article uses a problematic approach to select the most interesting and relevant research on such a specific topic as the evacuation of Basque children to Great Britain in May 1937. Moreover, such general scientific theoretical methods as: analysis, comparison, generalization and forecasting are used. Analysis. In the course of the analysis, the article investigates both the main directions of modern research on this topic and the approaches on which these publications are based. The most interesting author’s conclusions and ideas are considered, a comparative analysis of publications is carried out, and promising topics for future research are proposed. Results. One of the characteristic features of modern publications on the evacuation of Basque children to the UK is their emphasis on the psychological component and cognitive aspects, but each publication does this differently. The authors pay great attention to the issue of identity and find many interesting explanations why, in the end, the self-designation of oneself as “Basque children” played a key role in the formation and maintenance of collective identity. All publications to one degree or another touch upon such an aspect as the formation of a sacrificial image of Basque children in the media, which pursued certain political goals.

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Sooter, Joshua Allen. "The Great Divergence Reconsidered: Or, Is it Time to Reconsider the Great Divergence Debate?" International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 1067–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.598.

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Twenty years ago, Kenneth Pomeranz’s The Great Divergence (2000) reshaped debates over the historical causes of Europe’s rapid nineteenthcentury industrialization and economic growth. By comparing the Yangzi Delta region of China to Britain, Pomeranz asserted that Europe was not exceptionally dynamic before the nineteenth century and that its divergence from Asia owed to colonial exploitation of the Americas and ecological contingencies, namely abundant coal deposits. Some recent studies have sought to refute or refine Pomeranz’s thesis using the Indian subcontinent as an historical case study. This essay reviews three of these works and, in doing so, demonstrates current methodological limitations of this debate. Specifically, recent scholarship, although seeking to critique Pomeranz, employs his two-way comparative methodology, but in a manner that operates within a Eurocentric teleology and takes the European historical experience as normative. Instead, I propose that scholars inquire after the historical connections among societies’ plural-yet-connected historical trajectories.

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Warren, Richard L. "The Organization and Culture of Evaluation in Teacher Licensing Systems: Case Studies from Great Britain and the United States." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 20, no. 3 (1998): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1164493.

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Vigrass, J. William, and Andrew K. Smith. "Light Rail in Britain and France." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1930, no. 1 (January 2005): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193000110.

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Great Britain and France have experienced a dramatic resurgence of light rail in the past two decades. Beginning in the early 1980s, following a 30-year abandonment of street railways in favor of motorbuses, cities in both countries developed new light rail transit systems as a response to declining transit ridership, faded downtowns in need of revitalization, and the high construction costs of heavy rail and metro. Britain and France have pursued greatly different approaches to the implementation of light rail. The purpose of this paper is to point out these differences and, through the use of case studies, draw conclusions as to the efficacy of each approach. A few cities in each country were studied with secondary sources. Commonality within each country was observed with great divergence between the two countries. In Britain, the requirements for light rail are onerous: a specific act of Parliament is needed for each new start. Each system must achieve full recovery of operating and maintenance costs and contribute toward capital investment while competing against unregulated buses. That some British systems have been built and successfully attract traffic is to the credit of their proponents. France has a more uniform approach published in government circulars. All French cities of substantial size must have a “versement transportes,” a 1% to 2% tax on salaries and wages dedicated to regulated and coordinated public transport. French new starts, which have no need to attain 100% cost recovery (the versement transportes covers operating losses), have been implemented in about half the time of those in Britain.

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Trantas, Georgios E. "Greek-Orthodox Diasporic Glocality and Translocality in Germany and Great Britain." Journal of the British Association for the Study of Religion (JBASR) 22 (December 15, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18792/jbasr.v22i0.48.

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Migration does not take place in a vacuum, nor is the formation of communities thereof a mere collection of individuals; particularly when taking into account one of the main transferrable cultural determinants of identity and self-perception, i.e. group religiosity. The latter makes its aesthetic manifestation in the public sphere and hence, migration gives rise to religioscapes, which are identifiable by their visible markers in the form of architecture and religious art. The same applies to the Greek-Orthodox migrant communities of Germany and Great Britain. Both were established in the mid-twentieth century when the main bulk of their demographic presence in the corresponding countries took place. The formation of their communities occurred clearly before globality ushered in the contemporary, parallel, glocal, translocal and cultural relativisation that is facilitated by increased mobility and advanced means of communication. Yet, this paper argues that both the glocal and translocal conceptual frameworks apply to the case studies of interest. Evidence of this is particularly traceable in their corresponding religioscapes’ markers, which are permeated by aesthetic priorities and main influences, emergent patterns of predominant featured themes and tendencies that attest to glocality and translocality. Notably, not only are their places of worship containers of their immortalized narratives, they also contribute to the perpetuation of their distinct mutability. This phenomenon of aesthetic adaptation in accordance with the accumulated social experience, highlights the emergent patterns of a glocal and translocal sense of being and belonging that gave rise to the distinct hybrid identity amalgams thereof.

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Zaletok, N. "Service and Life of British and Soviet Women in the Navy during World War II." Problems of World History, no. 14 (June 10, 2021): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-14-3.

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Comparative studies on the experiences of female representatives of different countries in WWII remain relevant today. They not only deepen our understanding of the life of women at war, but also allow us to explore the power regimes of different states at one stage or another. After all, the government organized the activities of various groups of the population aimed at winning the war. Women were no exception in this respect, regardless of whether they worked in the rear or defended their homeland with weapons in hand. For centuries, the navy for the most part represented a purely masculine environment, and the presence of a woman on a ship was considered a bad omen. However, the scale of hostilities during the world wars and, as a consequence, the need for a constant supply of personnel to the armed forces made their adjustments – states began to gradually recruit women to serve in the navy. The article compares the experiences of Great Britain and the USSR in attracting women to serve in the navy during WWII. The countries were chosen not by chance, as they represent democracy and totalitarianism, respectively, and studying their practice of involving women in the navy can deepen our knowledge of these regimes. After analysing the experience of women’s service in the navy in 1939-1945, the author concludes that their recruitment to the navy in Great Britain took place through a special organization – the Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRNS). Its personnel were trained mostly separately from men and then sent to military units of the navy. The USSR did not create separate women's organizations for this purpose; women served in the same bodies as men. The main purpose of mobilizing women to the navy in both the USSR and Great Britain was initially to replace men in positions on land to release the latter for service at sea. However, in both countries there were cases when women also served at sea. The range of positions available to them in the navy expanded during the war, and in the USSR reached its apogee in the form of admission of women to combat positions. In Great Britain, women in the navy did not officially perform combat roles, and there was a ban on them from using lethal weapons.

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Leboissetier, Léa. "‘Johnny Onions!’: Seasonal Pedlars from Brittany and their Good Reputation in Great Britain (1870s–1970s)." Journal of Migration History 7, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00702001.

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Abstract The Onion Johnnies were a group of French seasonal migrants and door-to-door traders who travelled to Britain from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. This article explores their surprisingly good reputation among the British population and authorities: while pedlars were often conflated with tramps, suspicious aliens or disreputable individuals by the police, the Johnnies’ reliance on established familial and commercial networks meant they benefited from a positive stereotype. While hawking was generally perceived as an anachronistic and unrewarding occupation, French onion sellers were exoticised by the British population, who celebrated they rural roots. The seasonal, semi-sedentary and ‘picturesque’ aspect of the onion trade enabled them to reverse the stigmas associated to itinerant trading, their doorstep performance becoming their selling point. The case study of the Johnnies helps us understand the stereotypes linked to peddling in late modern Britain and to go beyond the narrative of decline surrounding this occupation.

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Alm, Martin. "American-European Relations in U. S. World History Textbooks, 1921-2001." American Studies in Scandinavia 44, no. 2 (September 1, 2012): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v44i2.4918.

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This article studies U.S. views of the historical relationship between the U.S. and Europe as conceived during the 20th century. This is examined through U.S. World history text books dating from 1921 to 2001. The textbooks view relations within a general teleological narrative of progress through democracy and technology. Generally, the textbooks stress the significan ce of the English heritage to American society. From the American Revolution onwards, however, the U.S. stands as an example to Europe. Beginning with the two world wars, it also intervenes directly in Europe in order to save democracy. In the Cold War, the U.S. finally acknowledges the lea ding role it has been assigned in the world. Through its democratic ideals, the U.S. historically has a spe cial relationship with Great Britain and, by the 20th century, Western Europe in general. An American identity is established both in conjunction with Western Europe, by emphasizing their common democratic tradition, and in opposition to it, by stressing how the Americans have developed this tradition better than the Europeans, creating a more egalitarian and libertarian society. There is a need for Europe to become more like the U.S., and a Europe that does not follow the American lead is viewed with suspicion.

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Thomas, Peter D. G. "The Monmouthshire Election of 1771." Historical Research 72, no. 177 (February 1, 1999): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00072.

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Abstract The case study of the Monmouthshire contest of 1771 forms a corrective to recent views on the freedom of election in pre‐reform Britain. The underlying lesson is the power of the great landed estates, with appeal to popular opinion being mainly for propaganda effect. Light is also thrown on electoral procedures, such as after‐poll speeches, a new practice and a motive for compiling a poll‐book.

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McTigue, Clare, Tom Rye, and Jason Monios. "Identifying barriers to implementation of local transport policy – Lessons learned from case studies on bus policy implementation in Great Britain." Transport Policy 91 (June 2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.03.002.

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Bennett, R. M., K. Christiansen, and R. S. Clifton-Hadley. "Modelling the impact of livestock disease on production: case studies of non-notifiable diseases of farm animals in Great Britain." Animal Science 68, no. 4 (June 1999): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800050700.

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AbstractSpreadsheet models were constructed to assess the economic impact of some 30 non-notifiable diseases of farm animals in Great Britain. A standardized methodology and common valuation base were used to derive estimates of the direct costs to livestock production of each disease, separately identifying the costs associated with disease output losses and those relating to disease treatment and prevention. Disease data limitations and uncertainties are incorporated into the estimation procedure. The spreadsheet models are highly transparent with calculations and the origin of parameter values clearly documented. The assessments of six bovine diseases, are presented: BVD, fasciolosis, lameness, leptospirosis, mastitis, and summer mastitis, and full details of the analyses of all the diseases can he accessed on the internet. The models do not consider the wider economic impacts of disease, such as effects on markets, human health and animal welfare. However, the approach is a simple and transparent one which enables exploration of the direct costs associated with a range of livestock diseases and which is easily communicated to policy makers and others.

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Warren, Richard L. "Notes: The Organization and Culture of Evaluation in Teacher Licensing Systems: Case Studies From Great Britain and the United States." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 20, no. 3 (September 1998): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737020003217.

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Rizzetto, Mauro, Pam J. Crabtree, and Umberto Albarella. "Livestock Changes at the Beginning and End of the Roman Period in Britain: Issues of Acculturation, Adaptation, and ‘Improvement’." European Journal of Archaeology 20, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 535–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.13.

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This article reviews aspects of the development of animal husbandry in Roman Britain, focusing in particular on the Iron Age/Roman and Roman/early medieval transitions. By analysing the two chronological extremes of the period of Roman influence in Britain we try to identify the core characteristics of Romano-British husbandry by using case studies, in particular from south-eastern Britain, investigated from the perspective of the butchery and morphometric evidence they provide. Our aim is to demonstrate the great dynamism of Romano-British animal husbandry, with substantial changes in livestock management occurring at the beginning, the end, and during the period under study. It is suggested that such changes are the product of interactions between different cultural and social traditions, which can be associated with indigenous and external influences, but also numerous other causes, ranging from ethnic origins to environmental, geographic, political, and economic factors.

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Cazes, Hélène. "L’intellectuel en procès: le cas Robert Estienne." Renaissance and Reformation 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2000): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v36i4.8664.

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The name of Robert Estienne (1501–59), the great French humanist, printer and editor, as well as leading scholar in Latin and Greek studies, is associated with his exile from Catholic France to Calvinist Geneva around 1547. Ever since his departure, the question has been raised whether it was legitimate for the Royal Printer to leave Paris. Beyond the case of Estienne himself, who has come to be viewed as a symbol of religious persecution and a precursor of modern democracy, what is at stake is the complex relation of an intellectual to his society and his country, the writing of a national history filled with great and illustrious men, and the difficult duty of individual conscience.

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Sundqvist, Gustav Johan. "Diffusion of Democracy among Civil Society Actors in Guangdong Province." Studia Orientalia Electronica 7 (March 15, 2019): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.64139.

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In recent years, a great number of studies have convincingly shown that diffusion influences states’ probability to democratise. The primary interest of most of these studies has been on how diffusion influences democracy at the national level. The effect of democratic diffusion on the local level has largely been neglected. This paper thus investigates how and to what extent diffusion influences the density and conflict orientation of non-governmental labour organisations (LNGOs), comprising a typical case of civil society groups channelling democratic freedoms, in China’s Guangdong province. Since the province is close to the relatively liberal city of Hong Kong, there is reason to believe that support from international civil society groups based in Hong Kong may be critical for the survival and growth of conflict-oriented LNGOs in Guangdong. In the article, the research question is studied by both comparative analysis of cross-regional data and qualitative analysis of interview data. Both methods confirm that diffusion – or, more precisely, diffusion through international civil society networks – is a prominent factor for explaining the density and conflict orientation of LNGOs in Guangdong. The study demonstrates that democratic diffusion not only has an impact at the state level but also on the regional, intrastate level.

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Denndörfer, Lisa, Viktoria Strauer, and Sonja Thebes. ""Does the bullet deliver where the ballot has failed?"." Contemporary Challenges: The Global Crime, Justice and Security Journal 3 (September 29, 2022): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ccj.v3.7073.

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Political assassinations in Pakistan have been a systematic challenge ever since the country’s independence from Great Britain in 1947. While state actors formed unlikely alliances with Western Powers in the aftermaths of the Afghan War and during the War on Terror, non-state actors, like Islamist jihadi groups, used the country for domestic and foreign terrorist attacks and to spread violence, thus demonstrating the conflict between the different players in Pakistan. When the country was transformed into a young democracy in 2007/2008, the number of assassinations did not decrease, but rather increased by ninefold. This article analyses the case of political assassinations in Pakistan and attempts to explain the prevalence of political assassinations in the country. First, the overall pattern and seriousness of political murders is identified with help from a self-created dataset. Then said pattern is explained by arguing that the main explanatory factors at play in Pakistan are socioeconomic conditions, social conflict, elections, military and religion, sectarianism and blasphemy laws. Lastly, a brief discussion of long- and short-term measures is done.

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Eisfeld, Rainer. "Political Science in Great Britain and Germany: The Roles of LSE (The London School of Economics) and DHfP (The German Political Studies Institute)." Polish Political Science Review 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppsr-2015-0022.

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Abstract The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik (DHfP, German Political Studies Institute) in Berlin both emerged extramurally. LSE was founded in 1895 by Fabian socialists Sidney and Beatrice Webb; DHfP was established in 1920 by liberal-national publicists Ernst Jäckh and Theodor Heuss. However, superficial resemblances ended there, as shown in the paper’s first part. The founders’ aims differed markedly; incorporation into London and Berlin universities occurred at different times and in different ways. The chair of political science set up at LSE in 1914 was held, until 1950, by two reform-minded Fabians, Graham Wallas and Harold Laski. DHfP, which did not win academic recognition during the 1920s, split into nationalist, “functionalist”, and democratic “schools”. Against this backdrop, the paper’s second part discusses Harold Laski’s magnum opus (1925) A Grammar of Politics as an attempt at offering a vision of the “good society”, and Theodor Heuss’ 1932 study Hitler’s Course as an example of the divided Hochschule’s inability to provide adequate analytical assessments of the Nazi movement and of the gradual infringement, by established elites, of the Weimar constitution. Laski’s work and intellectual legacy reinforced the tendency towards the predominance, in British political science, of normative political theory. West German political science, initially pursued “from a Weimar perspective”, was also conceived as a highly normative enterprise emphasising classical political theory, the institutions and processes of representative government, and the problematic ideological and institutional predispositions peculiar to German political history. Against this background, the paper’s third part looks, on the one hand, at the contribution to “New Left” thinking (1961 ff.) by Ralph Miliband, who studied under Laski and taught at LSE until 1972, and at Paul Hirst’s 1990s theory of associative democracy, which builds on Laski’s pluralism. On the other hand, the paper considers Karl Dietrich Bracher’s seminal work The Failure of the Weimar Republic (1955) and Ernst Fraenkel’s 1964 collection Germany and the Western Democracies, which originated, respectively, from the (Research) Institute for Political Science – added to Berlin’s Free University in 1950 – and DHfP, re-launched in the same year. In a brief concluding fourth part, the paper touches on the reception, both in Great Britain and West Germany, of the approaches of “modern” American political science since the mid-1960s.

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Lijphart, Arend. "The Pattern of Electoral Rules in the United States: a Deviant Case among the Industralized Democracies." Government and Opposition 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1985.tb01065.x.

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THE UNITED STATES IS THE WORLD'S SECOND LARGEST DEMOcracy (after India) and the largest of the older well-established democracies, with a very long and uninterrupted history of free elections. For this reason, it can be argued that the American democratic example has been and, should be an important model for other countries to follow. This article will focus on one important aspect of the American democratic system - the pattern of electoral rules - and it will emphasize the striking differences between the American electoral process and that of most other democracies. This contrast obviously affects the applicability of the American model to other countries that may be in the process of revising their electoral rules: because the United States is a deviant case in almost all respects, it presents clear alternatives to the more common attern but also dternatives that are so radical that they may ge difficult to transplant. The democracies with which the American pattern of electoral systems will be compared and contrasted are the 20 countries which, Me the United States, have been democratic without interruption for a relatively long time, that is, since approximately the end of the Second world War: the four large West European countries (Great Britain, France, West Germany, and Italy), the five Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Iceland), the Benelux countries (the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg), Ireland, Switzerland, Austria, and five countries outside Europe (Canada, Israel, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand).

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MARTIN, VANESSA, and MORTEZA NOURAEI. "Foreign Land Holdings in Iran 1828 to 1911." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 21, no. 2 (April 2011): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186311000010.

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The issue of the purchase of land in one country, in this case Iran, by other countries, in this case Britain and Russia, is one of great significance because of light it may throw on the strength or weakness of national sovereignty, and the ways and degree to which it may be undermined. It can also show the strategies deployed by the country challenged to protect its territorial integrity, as here in the case of Iran. The intricacies of foreign landownership patterns thus have implications for international relations, on which they can provide telling detail in terms of contemporary power politics. The details of land purchase also demonstrate considerable differences as between the two outside powers involved in terms of their objectives in Iran, and thus challenge a tendency in the literature to see them as similar.

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Stewart, John. "The National Health Service in Scotland, 1947–74: Scottish or British?*." Historical Research 76, no. 193 (July 15, 2003): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00182.

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Abstract Using previously unused or underused primary evidence, this article analyses the National Health Service in Scotland from its inception in 1947 to the reorganization of 1974. A thematic approach is adopted to show that, on the one hand, the Scottish health services were subject to similar Treasury constraints on expenditure as elsewhere in Great Britain; but that, on the other, there is a strong case for seeing the N.H.S. in Scotland as exhibiting a high degree of autonomy. It is further argued that this was, from the outset, justified and consolidated by the particular characteristics of Scottish history, geography and governance.

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Bolshakova, Olga. "Исследования Pоссии/СССР и стран Восточной Европы после холодной войны: новое лицо дисциплины." Roczniki Humanistyczne 69, no. 7 (August 11, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh21697-3.

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The paper deals with the new developments in the field of Russian and East European studies (REES) after the end of the Cold war, with the focus on the U.S. and Great Britain. Along with organizational and structural changes in the field special attention is devoted to new subjects and trends in the study of the region, with Belarus as a case study. Research in this field began in the 90s and has been booming since the 2000s. Researchers are primarily interested in the history of the country, political science, anthropology, and literary studies. The formation of an international community of researchers allows us to conclude that previously “Western” discipline of REES is gaining a global character.

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Ohlenforst, Barbara, N. E. Burtea, G. Heyes, S. Jeram, O. Konovalova, O. Zaporozhets, B. Peerlings, and R. Aalmoes. "Exemplification case studies as a focus for the implementation of best practices related to aircraft noise management at airports." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 1999–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2023.

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The current study presents the analysis of seven airport exemplification case studies undertaken in the European project "Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches - ANIMA". Best practices related to aircraft noise management at airports in individual airport contexts were implemented and evaluated. Case studies on communication and community engagement in airport noise management were investigated at Heathrow (Great Britain), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Rotterdam The Hague (The Netherlands) airports. For Zaporizhzhia (Ukraine) and Iasi (Romania) airports, the implementation of interventions related to land use planning was examined. The interdependencies between noise and emissions were studied for Cluj (Romania) and Catania (Italy) airports. All case studies were performed under the scope of the corresponding national legislation and guidelines. Individual characteristics of airport operations were taken into account. The case studies were aligned with expectations and priorities of all involved stakeholders, such as representatives of airport operators, local communities, civil aviation authorities and policy makers. The efficacy of the noise management case studies is assessed in terms of: the capacity to negotiate consensus outcomes, the extent to which noise impact reductions were achieved; and the participants' satisfaction with the process and outcomes. Experience gained from these studies will be used to distill best practices for future intervention.

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Maguire, Nancy Klein. "The Theatrical Mask/Masque of Politics: The Case of Charles I." Journal of British Studies 28, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385923.

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Britain now wear's the sock; the Theater's clean Transplanted hither, both in Place and Scene.Martin Butler and Jonathan Dollimore have recently documented the importance of drama in English political life before 1642. Such scholarship, however, has stopped cold at the great divide of 1642. Except for Lois Potter in “‘True Tragicomedies’ of the Civil War and Interregnum,” no one has considered the relationship between politics and theater while the theaters were officially closed. Scholars have thereby missed a seminal question in understanding the discourse and complex political maneuvering enveloping the act of regicide in 1649. What is the relationship between the theatrical tradition and the execution of Charles I?Even though historians frequently comment on the “tragic” nature of the execution of Charles I, thus far neither historian nor literary person has bothered to examine the immediate and popular reactions to the act of regicide. This is understandable. An odd mix of imaginative projection and verifiable fact enshrines the execution of Charles, and documentation is admittedly difficult. The available assortment of primary literature, however, indicates that many Englishmen responded to the execution as theater, more specifically, the dramatic genre of tragedy. A 1649 sermon (attributed to the Royalist Robert Brown) exemplifies both the tragic response to the act of regicide and the mid-century employment of the theatrical tradition: Brown describes the execution as “the first act of that tragicall woe which is to be presented upon the Theater of this Kingdome, likely to continue longer then the now living Spectators.”

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Beiküfner, Karin, and Andrea Reichenberger. "Women and Logic: What Can Women’s Studies Contribute to the History of Formal Logic?" Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2019.i6.03.

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Beiküfner’s report reflects on woman’s place in the history of logic. These reflections date back to a larger research project entitled Case Studies Towards the Establishment of a Social History of Logic (1985–1989). The project was initiated under the direction of Professor Christian Thiel, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, and funded by the German Research Foundation DFG. The main focus of the Erlangen research project was laid in the historical analysis of the emergence of modern logic in Great Britain and Germany during the 19th and early 20th century. This research prompted the discovery of a series of important female authors in the Anglophone and German speaking area. This led, firstly, to the question of what might be gained from the research results for the project’s objectives and, secondly, to a closer examination of the methodological demands and problems of a feminist historiography of science.

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Montaner, Josep Maria, and Zaida Muxí Martínez. "Modern Housing: Heritage and Vitality." Modern Housing. Patrimonio Vivo, no. 51 (2014): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.a.m3ws825n.

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One of the main subjects in contemporary architecture is how to deal with the physical and intellectual requirements of transforming modern housing. Joan Busquets points out in his contribution to this issue, that the special effort made by modern architects and progressive housing politics during the 20th century must be reinterpreted and followed today. Intentionally, this issue brings a special focus on the Iberoamerican world, specifically Spain, Portugal and Latin America, with the aim of relocating it in a cultural world of predominantly Anglo-American historiography. In any case, it presents a very wide spectrum, including North America, Switzerland and Great Britain. For this reason the projects are presented as case studies, both housing politics in different countries, and paradigmatic architectural examples, either positive or negative.

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Evans, Jane A., Vanessa Pashley, Katy Mee, Doris Wagner, Mike Parker Pearson, Delphine Fremondeau, Umberto Albarella, and Richard Madgwick. "Applying lead (Pb) isotopes to explore mobility in humans and animals." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 26, 2022): e0274831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274831.

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Lead (Pb) isotopes provide a complementary method to other provenance tools for tracking the origin and movement of humans and animals. The method is founded in the geographic distribution of Pb isotope ratios. However, unlike the Sr isotope method that is closely linked to the lithology of underlying rocks, Pb more closely reflects the tectonic regimes. This makes it particularly pertinent to use in Britain as there is major tectonic boundary (the Iapetus Suture) that runs between Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Solway Firth providing a compositional boundary in Pb isotope domains that approximates to the geographic areas of Scotland versus England and Wales. Modern pollution makes it difficult to use modern floral or faunal samples to characterize biosphere variation, and so we use geological datasets to define isoscape variation and present the first Pb isotope map of Britain. We have validated the use of these data form biosphere studies using well provenanced samples. Reference fields of diagnostic compositions, are created in μ-T space and these have been used in a test case to assess the geographic origins of Neolithic animals in Great Britain.

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Huang, Philip C. C. "Development or Involution in Eighteenth-Century Britain and China? A Review of Kenneth Pomeranz'sThe Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy." Journal of Asian Studies 61, no. 2 (May 2002): 501–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700299.

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Kenneth pomeranz argues that “the great divergence” between development and involution in Europe and China did not occur until after 1800. Until then, Europe and China were comparable in population history, agriculture, handicraft industry, income, and consumption. Europe before 1800, in other words, was much less developed than the last two decades of scholarship have led us to believe, while China before 1800 was much less involuted. To make his case, Pomeranz spotlights England, the most advanced part of Europe, and the Yangzi delta area, the most advanced part of China. They diverged only after 1800, mainly because of the lucky availability of coal resources for England, and also of other raw materials from the New World.

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Liu, Yingqi. "Demand response and energy efficiency in the capacity resource procurement: Case studies of forward capacity markets in ISO New England, PJM and Great Britain." Energy Policy 100 (January 2017): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.10.029.

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Papastavrou, Vassili, Russell Leaper, and Robin Prythereh. "DETERMINING PEDESTRIAN USAGE AND PARKED VEHICLE MONETARY VALUES FOR INPUT INTO QUANTIFIED TREE RISK ASSESSMENTS—TWO CASE STUDIES FROM URBAN PARKS IN GREAT BRITAIN." Arboricultural Journal 33, no. 1 (June 2010): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2010.9747591.

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Crossland, Andrew, Keith Scoles, Allen Wang, Chris Groves, and Susan Sun. "Assessment of Electricity Decarbonization Scenarios for New Zealand and Great Britain using a Plant Dispatch and Electrical Energy Storage Modelling Framework." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 2799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112799.

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This paper proposes a methodology to assess the impact of alternative electricity generation and energy storage scenarios for meeting electricity demand on a national level. The method combines real and synthetic electricity generation and demand data to investigate different decarbonization strategies using solar and wind generation and electrical energy storage. This method is applied to provide relevant case studies for two geographically similar electricity systems in New Zealand and Great Britain. Newly available solar and wind data sets at hourly resolution are used within this method for these systems to assess the potential contribution of these technologies and as such, to refresh understanding of the impact of these technologies on decarbonization strategies against historical and future demand patterns. Although wind, solar and storage technologies are found to reduce the carbon emissions in both electricity systems, a key result is quantifying the impact this has on traditional generation as a backup resource. In New Zealand an investment in wind and solar equivalent to less than 15% of the wind/solar capacity in Great Britain is found to (i) reduce fossil fuel use to less than 2% of annual electricity generation requirements in the data assessed and (ii) remove the need for continuous operation of fossil fuel plants. Further, it is shown that existing hydro storage potential could be used to create near complete decarbonization of New Zealand electricity

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Field, Norma. "The Cold War and Beyond in East Asian Studies." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, no. 5 (October 2002): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081202x61151.

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Just before coming to the conference on the Relation between English and Foreign Languages in the Academy, I saw an exhibit at the Institute of American Indian Arts Museum in Santa Fe titled Who Stole the Teepee? Combining historic with contemporary objects, the exhibit probed not only the theft of tradition announced in its title but the possibility that “we” (Native Americans) or “our ancestors” had been more than willing to sell it. Such speculative reflection resonates with the way in which we who study East Asia have dealt with our relatively stable isolation: while complaining of language and literature colleagues' indifference, if not contempt, toward our endeavors, we have also prided ourselves on the difficulty of our languages and the ancientness of our civilizations, the source of an arcane body of knowledge requisite for even basic literacy. If all foreign language and literature scholars feel subordinate to the empire of English, East Asianists are not only beyond the pale but are often proud of it. Underlying this orientation is an important historical feature: even allowing for the mixed case of China, this region was not colonized by Great Britain. This has meant that it lacks a bourgeoisie that grew up speaking English. I shall return to colonial history below.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Democracy – Great Britain – Case studies'

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