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Upadhyay, Sumita, Sijan Paudyal, Prashant Khatiwada, Bibardha Khanal, and Rasna Shrestha. "Estimation of Dental Age by Demirjian and Willems Method in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 11, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i1.39084.
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Introduction: Dental age estimation using orthopantomogram is very useful in pediatric dentistry, orthodontics in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning and also has forensic application. Demirjian method is widely used for age estimation and Willems method has been suggested to be accurate than Demirjian in various populations. To estimate the dental age of children in a specific population of Nepal by Demirjian and Willems method, compare them with the chronological age and assess their applicability. Materials and Method: Digital orthopantomograms of 5 to 14 years of children were used to estimate the dental age by Demirjian’s 7- teeth method and Willems method. Descriptive statistics was used and mean with standard deviation was calculated for gender and age of the samples. Paired t-test was used for comparison of chronological age with dental age. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between chronological and dental age in both the genders. Result: By Demirjian method, there was an underestimation of 0.276 years in males and 0.194 in females and by Willems method, 0.652 in males and 0.847 in females which were statistically significant. There was an underestimation of dental age in all the age groups except in the age group of 5,7 and 14 for Demirjian age which was statistically nonsignificant. Pearson correlation demonstrated strong positive correlation between chronological age and dental age. Conclusion: The underestimation of dental age was more by Willems method as compared to Demirjian method. There was a strong positive relationship between chronological age and dental age in both the genders. Demirjian’s 7- teeth method was more applicable as compared to Willems method when tested in selected Nepalese children population
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Ginzelová, Kristina, Taťjana Dostálová, Hana Eliášová, Alex Vinšů, Antonín Buček, and Michaela Bučková. "Using Dental Age to Estimate Chronological Age in Czech Children Aged 3–18 Years." Prague Medical Report 116, no. 2 (2015): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2015.52.
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The Demirjian methods to determine dental age are based on analysis of orthopantograms. The dental age estimation is based on establishing the tooth development stages. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of estimation of dental age by Demirjian in the use of all of his four methods. 505 Czech healthy boys and girls aged 3 to 18 years were examined radiographically at the Department of Stomatology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. It was mentioned the factors of underlying diseases influence the accuracy of the dental age estimation. For statistical evaluation, descriptive statistics was used to compare deviations of the mean values of chronological and dental age in each age group. The resulting difference between dental age and chronological age is not significant in both genders only when using both Demirjian 7-teeth methods of 1973 and 1976. Therefore these may be most appropriately used for forensic age estimation. There are shown standard deviation differences in different countries. Demirjian’s original 7-teeth method from 1973 and Demirjian’s revised 4-teeth method from 1976 appear to be the best methods for calculating the dental age of healthy Czech children of both genders.
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Upadhyay, Sumita, Sijan Poudyal, Prashant Khatiwada, Bibardha Khanal, and Rasna Shrestha. "Estimation of Dental Age by Demirjian and Willems Method In a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i2.43278.
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Introduction: Dental age estimation using orthopantomogram is very useful in pediatric dentistry, orthodontics inclinical diagnosis and treatment planning and also has forensic application. The objectives of this study were to estimate the dental age of children in a specific population of Nepal by Demirjian and Willems method, compare them with the chronological age and assess their applicability. Materials and Method: Digital orthopantomograms of 5 to 14 years of children were used to estimate the dental age by Demirjian’s 7- teeth method and Willems method. Descriptive statistics was used and mean with standard deviation was calculated for gender and age of the samples. Paired t-test was used for comparison of chronological age with dental age. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between chronological and dental age in both the genders. Result: By Demirjian method, there was an underestimation of 0.276 years in males and 0.194 in females and by Willems method, 0.652 in males and 0.847 in females which were statistically significant. There was an underestimation of dental age in all the age groups except in the age group of 5,7 and 14 for Demirjian age which was statistically nonsignificant. Pearson correlation demonstrated strong positive correlation between chronological age and dental age. Conclusion: The underestimation of dental age was more by Willems method as compared to Demirjian method. There was a strong positive relationship between chronological age and dental age in both the genders. Demirjian’s 7- teeth method was more applicable as compared to Willems method when tested in selected Nepalese children population
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Al-Emran, Suiaiman. "Dental Age Assessment of 8.5 to 17 Year-old Saudi Children Using Demirjian's Method." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 3 (2008): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-3-64.
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Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to assess the dental age in Saudi children aged 8.5 to 17 years using the Demirjian method. Methods and Materials Four hundred ninety panoramic radiographs of boys and girls were reviewed retrospectively. All children were placed in the age group closest to their chronological age. The dental age was scored on all seven left mandibular teeth by one examiner. Results Both boys and girls in age groups nine to 14 years showed advanced dental age compared to their chronological age which was found to be statistically significant except in age groups nine and 13 years. Saudi boys were 0.3 years and Saudi girls 0.4 years ahead, on average, of French-Canadian children as analyzed by the Demirjian method. Conclusion The standard values for French-Canadian children provided by Demirjian vary slightly for application to Saudi children. As a result, new graphs and tables were produced to convert these maturity scores, calculated by the Demirjian method, to the dental age for Saudi children. Citation Al-Emran S. Dental Age Assessment of 8.5 to 17 Year-old Saudi Children Using Demirjian's Method. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:064-071.
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Mónico, Lisete S., Luís F. Tomás, Inmaculada Tomás, Purificación Varela-Patiño, and Benjamin Martin-Biedma. "Adapting Demirjian Standards for Portuguese and Spanish Children and Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 12706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912706.
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Estimation of children’s chronological age is highly important in human and forensic sciences. The Demirjian method has been reported as accurate for this purpose. The literature review shows some evidence that the accuracy of estimating chronological age via the Demirjian standards is not a straightforward process. The objective of this research is to analyze the reliability of the Demirjian standards in Portuguese and Spanish children and adolescents and adapt it to include sex and group age as contingent factors. Methods: Orthopantomographs of 574 Portuguese and Spanish male and female children and adolescents were employed to test the reliability of the Demirjian method. After testing for inter-rater consistency and age estimation using the Demirjian standards, multiple regression analysis was performed controlling for sex and age group. Results: The Demirjian standards overestimated chronological age for both sexes, mainly for females. Through the development of regression functions, more detailed dental age estimation was performed. The predictive capacities of the Demirjian method and the significant teeth varied as a function of children’s age. The Demirjian global standard predicted over 65% of the variance of the chronological age. Taking a tooth-by-tooth approach, the predictive ability increased by over 70%. Conclusions: The accuracy of estimating chronological age via the Demirjian method is not as reliable as it might appear, judging from the results found according to age group and according to sex crossed with age group.
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Sosiawan, Agung, An'nisaa Chusida, Beshlina Fitri Widayanti Roosyanto Prakoeswa, Arofi Kurniawan, Maria Istiqomah Marini, Beta Novia Rizky, Tito Krisna Gianosa, Najminoor Ramadhani Ridlo, Mumtaz Ramadhani Putra Pesat Gatra, and Aspalilah Alias. "Estimation of children’s age based on dentition via panoramic radiography in Surabaya, Indonesia." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i3.p161-164.
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Background: Age may be estimated using tooth eruption sequence and/or calcification stage. Because many factors may affect the time of eruption, the tooth calcification stage shows higher accuracy than the time of tooth eruption. Demirjian’s and Willems’ methods have been most commonly used for dental age estimation. Both Willems and Demirjian use the calcification stage as an indicator. Studies comparing these methods have shown varied results, as they have been performed on different populations. Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the estimation of children's age based on dentition via panoramic radiography in Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a purposive sampling method. One hundred digital panoramic radiographs of children between 6 and 15 years that match the inclusion criteria from the Airlangga University dental hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia were evaluated. One researcher analysed estimated dental age (EDA) three times in a one-week time-lapse using Demirjian’s and Willems’ methods. Statistical analysis was carried out using a Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. EDA was calculated using both Demirjian’s and Willems’ methods. Results: The mean chronological age (CA) was 10.57 ± 2.70 for males and 10.73 ± 2.84 for females. The mean difference between CA and EDA using the Demirjian and Willems methods was -0.57 ± 1.17 and 0.10 ± 0.96 for males and 0.58 ± 1.40 and 0.44 ± 0.94 for females. Conclusion: The results suggest that Willems’ method is more precise than Demirjian’s method in males and females and more suitable for children in Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Ramos Zamora, Álvaro Rafael, Wender Williams Condori Quispe, and Isabel Del Rosario Ayca Castro. "GRADO DE CONFIABILIDAD PARA HALLAR LA EDAD CRONOLÓGICA Y EDAD DENTAL MEDIANTE LOS ANÁLISIS DE NOLLA Y DEMIRJIAN EN LOS ALUMNOS ENTRE 4 A 12 AÑOS DE LA I.E. NUESTRO SEÑOR DE LOCUMBA DE LA REGIÓN TACNA, 2018." Revista Odontológica Basadrina 3, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33326/26644649.2019.3.1.822.
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MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional, en el que se evaluaron 49 radiografías panorámicas, 23 correspondientes al sexo femenino, y 26 correspondientes al sexo masculino, de un grupo de niños entre 4 a 12 años de la I.E. Nuestro Señor de Locumba en el Distrito de Locumba, Provincia Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Región Tacna en el año 2018. Se determinó la edad dental de cada integrante de la muestra según los análisis de Nolla y Demirjian, posteriormente se compararon los resultados de ambos análisis. RESULTADOS: El valor predictivo que se determinó mediante los análisis de Nolla y Demirjian definió un mayor grado de eficacia en el análisis de Demirjian para determinar la edad dental. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ambos métodos, concluyendo que el método de Demirjian es más preciso que el método de Nolla para la estimación de la edad dental.
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Yaşar, Zehtiye Füsun, Erhan Büken, and Mustafa Agah Tekindal. "Demirjian Metodu Farklı Ülkelerde Yaş Tayininde Kullanılabilir mi?" Bulletin of Legal Medicine 21, no. 3 (December 29, 2016): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2016323747.
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Amaç: Bu makalenin amacı, diş gelişimini değerlendirerek diş yaşı hesaplamakta kullanılan Demirjian metodunun güvenilirliğini, kullanılabilirliğini farklı ülke verilerinden yararlanarak tartışmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Farklı ülkelerde veya aynı ülkenin farklı bölgelerinde 7-11 yaş aralığında, Demirjian metoduyla diş yaşı tayini yapılmış 22 çalışmanın verileri irdelendi. Çalışmalarda içerilme ölçütü; sağlıklı çocuklar üzerinde yapılmış olması, panoramik film kullanılması, sol alt mandibuler yedi dişin incelenmiş olması olarak belirlendi. 7-11 yaş arasındaki kız ve erkek çocuklara ait veriler, kronolojik yaş ile Demirjian metoduyla belirlenen diş yaşlarına ilişkin veriler tablo halinde düzenlenerek diş yaşı ile kronolojik yaş arasındaki farklılıklar değerlendirildi. Veri analizinde faktöriyel düzende varyans analizi ardından çoklu karşılaştırmalar için Bonferroni testi kullanıldı. Birinci tip hata 0,05’te sabit tutuldu (α=0,05).Bulgular: Değerlendirmeler sonucunda, Demirjian metoduyla belirlenen diş yaşı ile kronolojik yaş açısından hem toplumdan topluma hem de aynı toplumum farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan çocuklar arasında fark olduğu belirlendi. Hollanda, Türkiye, Sudan, Çin, Sırbistan, İtalya, Pakistan, Yeni Zelanda, Bosna Hersek, Malezya ve Hindistan’dan alınan örneklerde Demirjian yönteminin kullanılabilirliği açısından negatif veya pozitif farklar tespit edildi. Romanya, İran, Hindistan’da yaşayan Belçikalı çocuklar ile incelenen diğer toplumlara ait sonuçlar arasındaki farkın ise anlamlı olmadığı saptandı.Sonuç: Çocuklarda büyüme ve gelişim; kalıtım, cinsiyet, hormonlar, beslenme, sosyo–kültürel ve çevresel etmenler, geçirilen hastalıklar gibi nedenlerle bireyden bireye ve toplumdan topluma farklılıklar gösterir. Dişlerin gelişimi de benzer faktörlerin etkisi altındadır ve bu nedenle Demirjian tarafından Fransız asıllı Kanadalı (French-Canadian) çocukların diş yaşını belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilen skorlama sistemi farklı toplumlara uygulandığında kronolojik yaş ile diş yaşı arasında önemli farklılıklar görülebilmektedir. Bu farklılığın giderilmesi için metodun, toplumsal özelliklere göre modifiye edilerek kullanılması gerekmektedir.
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Molina, Magdalena, Verónica Verdugo, Valeria Romero, and Arturo Fuentes. "Estimation of dental age in panoramic radiographs in children and adoloescents from 7-17 years through Demirjian method, Cuenca – Ecuador." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 27, 2018): 1259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2017.032.
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Age is an indicator of dental somatic maturation, of clinical importance in dentistry for planning the treatment of growing patients. The Demirjian method is the most widely disseminated to estimate dental age. With this method, numerous studies have been carried out in different ethnic groups, analyzing European, Asian and American children, among others. These results suggest possible differences in dental maturation patterns between different populations. The aim of the present study was to correlate the dental age, using the Demirjian method, with the chronological age according to gender in a group of children who attended the Radiological Center “Innova” located in Cuenca-Ecuador in the period 2012 - 2014, This study was descriptive, retrospective and analytical, in which a sample stratified by age and gender was selected, including 362 radiographs, of which 205 are female and 157 male. An inter-class correlation coefficient was obtained, as a measure of correlation between dental and chronological age, of 0.830 in the female gender and 0.801 in the male gender. In general, Demirjian’s method tended to underestimate dental age in girls and boys in a similar way. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present work do not coincide with many places in the world, that is, the dental age in this group was slightly lower in both girls and boys than the original Franco - Canadian sample. The obtained range of dental age is not similar to the chronological age but the degree of correlation between both is adequate to apply in our population, presenting itself in the same way according to gender, so a standard table for the population was elaborated Cuencana. We consider that the Demirjian method is applicable to this sample of children using the database proposed in the present investigation.
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De Melo, Keylla Dayanne Coelho Marinho, Carla Maria Melleiro Gimenez, Valdeci Feliciano Gomes, André Pinheiro de Magalhães Bertoz, Francisco Antônio Bertoz, and Andreia Gomes Moreira. "Revisão sistemática dos métodos de correlação entre a idade dentária e cronológica em função das análises de Demirjian." Revista Brasileira de Criminalística 9, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15260/rbc.v9i2.281.
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A maturidade dentária, frequentemente expressa como idade dentária, é um indicador da maturidade biológica de crescimento. Um método para avaliá-la foi primeiramente descrito por Demirjian, este método é amplamente utilizado e aceito, principalmente pela sua habilidade em comparar diferentes grupos étnicos. Isto é possível pelo sistema de escores proposto pelo método de aplicabilidade universal. O objetivo dessa revisão sistemática é comparar os resultados obtidos em pesquisas com base no método de Demirjian de modo a estabelecer a aplicabilidade do método. Foram incluídos na pesquisa estudos originais do tipo ensaio clínicos estabelecidos em comparação com o método proposto por Demirjian. Os demais critérios de inclusão foram: data da publicação do estudo terem sido realizados em crianças na fase de crescimento e publicados nos idiomas inglês e português. Dentre os 36 estudos analisados 19 concluíram alta precisão no método de Demirjian quando correlaciona idade dentária com idade cronológica, entretanto 17 pesquisas relatadas no estudo reiteram a importância de que cada população de crianças tenha seus próprios padrões para a adequada avaliação da estimativa de idade. O método de Demirjian demonstrou alta precisão quando correlaciona à idade dentária com a idade cronológica, contudo, ressaltamos a importância da avaliação dos padrões étnicos para a adequada avaliação da estimativa de idade, maturação e idade dentária de acordo com a idade cronológica.
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Setyawan, Erwin, Dimas Setiyanto, and Latifa Wahyudi Putri. "Perbandingan Keakuratan Penentuan Usia Antara Metode Demirjian, Cameriere, dan Blenkin-Taylor." Insisiva Dental Journal: Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva 10, no. 2 (November 28, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/di.v10i2.12972.
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Banyaknya korban meninggal yang disebabkan oleh bencana massal atau kejadian lainnya perlu dilakukan proses identifikasi untuk mengetahui identitas para korban. Proses identifikasi salah satunya dapat dilakukan menggunakan teknik dental records dalam menentukan identitas individu. Metode penentuan usia menggunakan dental records yang paling sering digunakan adalah metode Demirjian, serta terdapat metode baru dalam penentuan usia yaitu metode Cameriere dan metode Blenkin-Taylor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keakuratan penentuan usia antara metode Demirjian, Cameriere, dan Blenkin-Taylor pada pasien di RSGM UMY. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan jumlah sampel adalah 95 foto radiograf dari pasien berusia 4-15 tahun yang berkunjung ke Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (RSGM UMY) pada bulan januari hingga desember 2017. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square Test dan crosstabulation menggunakan software spss. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode Demirjian memiliki keakuratan sebesar 66.31% (63 sampel), metode Cameriere memiliki keakuratan sebesar 51.57% (49 sampel) dan metode Blenkin-Taylor sebesar 54.74% (52 sampel). Analisis statistik ketiga metode tersebut tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna dalam keakuratan penentuan usia pasien. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Demirjian, Cameriere, dan Blenkin-Taylor tidak memiliki perbedaan keakuratan dalam penentuan usia.
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Baghdadi, Ziad D. "Dental Maturity in Saudi Children Using the Demirjian Method: A Comparative Study and New Prediction Models." ISRN Dentistry 2013 (February 26, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/390314.
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A sample of 422 dental panoramic radiographs from individuals of known age (from 4 to 14 yrs), sex (males: 217, females: 205), and ethnicity (Saudi) was collected. A dental maturation score for each individual was calculated using the Demirjian method. Age was then estimated using the original Demirjian curves and tables based on French-Canadian population and population-specific curves and tables for Arab (Saudi and Kuwaiti) and European (Belgian) populations. The differences between dental age and chronological age were analyzed and compared using paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA test, and a post hoc Scheffé’s test. The Demirjian method utilizing French-Canadian standards presented significant difference between dental age and chronological age for the total sample and in the vast majority of age groups in both sexes. The mean overestimation of age was about 10 months (P<0.05). The tables designed specifically for Arab populations had a significantly lower error than the tables designed for French-Canadian and Belgian populations. The latter had the largest error in age predication. New age prediction models and maturation scores for Saudi population were developed based on the Demirjian method using multinomial functions.
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Pan, Jing, Checheng Shen, Zhao Yang, Linfeng Fan, Miaochen Wang, Shihui Shen, Jiang Tao, and Fang Ji. "A modified dental age assessment method for 5- to 16-year-old eastern Chinese children." Clinical Oral Investigations 25, no. 6 (January 9, 2021): 3463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03668-9.
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Abstract Objectives Age estimation is widely applied in the field of orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, and forensic science. Dental age estimation by the radiological method is frequently used because of its convenience and noninvasiveness. However, there are not enough suitable methods for eastern Chinese children. This study aimed to establish a modified formula for eastern Chinese children according to the Demirjian method and then compared the accuracy of the modified method with the Demirjian method and Willems method. Materials and methods A total of 2367 dental panoramic radiographs from individuals aged 5–16 years of eastern China were collected as samples. Age estimation was conducted using the Demirjian and Willems methods. The polynomial curve fitting method was used to modify the Demirjian method to improve its application to the eastern Chinese children. The paired t test and accuracy ratio were used to compare the applicability of the modified methods with two commonly used methods. Results The mean chronological age (CA) of the subjects was 11.20 ± 3.29 years for boys and 10.99 ± 3.12 years for girls. The mean difference values between the CA and dental age (DA) (CA–DA) using the Demirjian and Willems methods were 0.73 and 0.7 for boys, respectively, and both 0.79 for girls. The modified method using the polynomial curve fitting presented a smaller underestimation compared with CA for both boys (0.04 years) and girls (0.09 years), which showed a high suitability to Chinese children to some extent. Conclusions The Willems method was more accurate in estimating DA compared with the Demirjian method. However, the modified method was more accurate than the two methods; therefore, it can be used in eastern Chinese children. Clinical relevance It was thought to be a non-invasive, convenient, and efficient method to connect DA and CA. By estimating dental age, pediatrist, and orthodontists can better understand the development of permanent teeth and provide a more accurate orthodontic treatment time and treatment plan to children patients.
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Limbu, Senchhema, Parajeeta Dikshit, Manisha Malla, and Ujwal Gautam. "Dental age estimation and accuracy assessment by Demirjian, Nolla and Willems methods in Nepalese children for predicting the chronological age." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i2.43277.
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Introduction: Dental age estimation has been performed by numerous methods worldwide. This study was done to evaluate and compare the validity and accuracy of dental age estimation by Demirjian, Nolla and Willems methods in Nepalese children. Materials and Method: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted on 280 orthopantomography of Nepalese children aged 5-14 years in Kantipur Dental College from December 2020 to September 2021. Dental age was calculated by three methods and difference with chronological age was examined. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean ± SD and median (range). Differences in paired data of chronological and dental ages were examined using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used for comparing chronological and dental ages. Regression analysis was performed to derive equation for predicting chronological age from dental age. Results: An underestimation of dental age was observed with Demirjian (-1.17 years), Nolla (-1.06 years) and Willems (-1.32 years) methods which was statistically significant and also across both genders (p<0.001). However, chronological age was found to be highly correlated with dental ages estimated using Demirjian (σ=0.930; p<0.001), Nolla (σ=0.939; p<0.001) and Willems (σ=0.947; p<0.001) methods. Linear regression analysis conducted to predict chronological age showed total variance of 80.8%, 87.7% and 89.5% in boys and 81.7%, 87.7% and 88.4% in girls by Demirjian, Nolla and Willems methods respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed Demirjian, Nolla and Willems methods can be a valid measure for age estimation among Nepalese children and precise prediction of chronological age can be made from different dental age estimation techniques.
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Boel, Trelia, and Tiara Ayustin Bahri. "Age Estimation Using Schour-Massler Method Compared to the Demirjian Method." Dentika Dental Journal 22, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v22i1.1713.
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Schour-Massler and Demirjian are methods used to estimate chronological age in dental radiographs by looking at the development of permanent teeth and the maturity of the dental age. Chronological age is based on date of birth. Dental age is the age based on the maturity of the teeth. Both of these methods have been widely used in previous studies, but have never been compared. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in age estimation using the Schour-Massler and Demirjian methods. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. The research sample was 46 patients who came to USU General Hospital at the age of 10-16 years. This research was consist at the Radiology Unit of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of North Sumatra. The results of this study indicate the p value of the Wilcoxon test results with the p value for Schour-Massler p=0.090 > 0.05 and Demirjian p=1,000. Both p values> 0.05, there is no significant difference in assessing the estimated age using both methods, so Ha is accepted. In conclusion, the Schour-Massler and Demirjian methods provide estimates of age that are close to actual age, so there is no significant difference between the two methods.
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Nyachhyon, Rinky. "Evaluation of Dental Age in Nepali Children using Demirjian’s 7-Teeth Teeth Method." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 7, no. 2 (June 8, 2018): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v7i2.20163.
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Introduction: Age estimation can be based on tooth formation stages seen on the radiographs. Demirjian’s method is widely used to assess age of individuals with developing dentition. There are not many documented studies of age estimation amongst Nepali population.Objective: To assess the applicability of Demirjian’s method for dental age estimation in Nepali children.Materials & Method: The sample of the study consisted of 186 subjects between 7-16 years of age. Dental age estimation was based on Demirjian’s method and scored by a single observer.Result: The mean and mean differences in chronological and dental ages were calculated, which revealed the overestimation in age groups of 7 and 9 years, whereas there were underestimations in other age groups. The mean differences in age groups 12-16 were highly significant (p-Value <0.05) whereas the mean difference in age groups 7-11 years were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Since there is underestimation range from 0.5 years to 1.23 years, the standards of dental maturity described by Demirjian may not be suitable for Nepali children.
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Khanal, Sanskriti, Jemish Acharya, and Priyanka Shah. "Dental Age Estimation by Demirjian’s and Nolla’s Method in Children of Jorpati, Kathmandu." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i3.20733.
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Background: Growing individuals not only differ in the timing of the maturational events, but also in the sequence of these events. Age is one of the essential factors, which play an important role in every aspect of life like in clinical, medico-legal, forensic and anthropological applications and in planning treatment of orthodontic and pedodontic patients. The aim of the study was to determine dental age from orthopantomogram using Demirjian’s method and Nolla’s method and to evaluate the interrelationship between chronological and dental age according to both these methods. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 177 orthopantomograms of the patient aged between 5 to 15 years. Dental age estimation was done with Demirjian’s and Nolla’s method. Results: The mean chronological age 10.14 + 3.16 compared with the mean Demirjian age 9.58 + 3.39 was statistically non significant p > 0.05 whereas comparision with mean Nolla age 7.88+ 1.56 was significant statistically. Conclusions: Both methods showed delayed dental age compared to chronological age. Demirjian’s method was more applicable to assess the dental age in Nepalese children compared to Nolla’s method.Keywords: chronological age; dental age; Demirjian’s method; Nolla’s method.
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Perales Quito, Liz Mónica, Andrea Gianella Huaman Ñahuinlla, Ximena Alejandra León Ríos, Carmen Stefany Caballero García, and Marco Andrés Agurto Huerta. "Comparación entre edad cronológica y dental según tres métodos de estimación en una población peruana." Investigación Clínica 63, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54817/ic.v63n1a04.
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Las técnicas de estimación de edad dental tienen gran importancia en la evaluación odontológica, específicamente en el área de ortodoncia, académica y forense. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la edad dental según los métodos de Demirjian, Nolla y Cameriere con la edad cronológica en una población peruana. El diseño del estudio es de tipo observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo; tuvo una población total de 578 radiografías panorámicas de sujetos de 6 a 14 años, en las cuales se calculó la diferencia de medias de un estudio previo y, finalmente, fueron seleccionadas 193 de forma aleatoria. Se compararon la edad cronológica (EC) y la edad dental (ED) según los métodos de Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, utilizando las Pruebas de Rangos de Wilcoxon y Kruskall Wallis. Las medias de la EC fueron de 8,77±2,34 y 8,90±2,04 años para el género femenino y masculino, respectivamente. Las diferencias de medias de la EC y ED, de acuerdo con los métodos Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, fue de -0,38, 0,96 y -0,29 años, respectivamente, para la muestra total de estudio. Se encontró una correlación positiva para los tres métodos estudiados; sin embargo, el método de Demirjian mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa con una subestimación de -0,91 años en la muestra total. Asimismo, el método de Cameriere fue el que tuvo más cercanía a la edad cronológica.
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Ohnuma, Tetsu, Shigehiko Uchino, Noriyoshi Toki, Kenta Takeda, Yoshitomo Namba, Shinshu Katayama, Hiroo Kawarazaki, et al. "External Validation for Acute Kidney Injury Severity Scores: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in 14 Japanese ICUs." American Journal of Nephrology 42, no. 1 (2015): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000439118.
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Background/Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high mortality. Multiple AKI severity scores have been derived to predict patient outcome. We externally validated new AKI severity scores using the Japanese Society for Physicians and Trainees in Intensive Care (JSEPTIC) database. Methods: New AKI severity scores published in the 21st century (Mehta, Stuivenberg Hospital Acute Renal Failure (SHARF) II, Program to Improve Care in Acute Renal Disease (PICARD), Vellore and Demirjian), Liano, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and lactate were compared using the JSEPTIC database that collected retrospectively 343 patients with AKI who required continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in 14 intensive care units. Accuracy of the severity scores was assessed by the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUROC, discrimination) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test (H-L test, calibration). Results: The median age was 69 years and 65.8% were male. The median SAPS II score was 53 and the hospital mortality was 58.6%. The AUROC curves revealed low discrimination ability of the new AKI severity scores (Mehta 0.65, SHARF II 0.64, PICARD 0.64, Vellore 0.64, Demirjian 0.69), similar to Liano 0.67, SAPS II 0.67 and lactate 0.64. The H-L test also demonstrated that all assessed scores except for Liano had significantly low calibration ability. Conclusions: Using a multicenter database of AKI patients requiring CRRT, this study externally validated new AKI severity scores. While the Demirjian's score and Liano's score showed a better performance, further research will be required to confirm these findings.
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González Carfora, Andrea Virginia, Vanessa Halley Teixeira González, and Aida Carolina Medina Díaz. "Comparación de diversos métodos de estimación de edad dental aplicados por residentes de Postgrado de Odontopediatría." Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47990/alop.v10i1.183.
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La estimación de la edad dental en los pacientes pediátricos que recibirán tratamiento odontológico es de gran importancia ya que permite evaluar su estado de maduración. Objetivo: Determinar la precisión en la estimación de la edad dental a través de la utilización del método de Nolla, Demirjian y Willems, aplicado por residentes del Postgrado de Odontopediatría en un grupo de niños venezolanos del Distrito Capital. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionó a conveniencia una muestra estratificada por edad y género incluyendo 71 radiografías panorámicas de alta calidad de niños aparentemente sanos con edades comprendidas entre los 4 y 11 años, evaluando la edad dental según los métodos de Nolla, Demirjian y Willems. Cada radiografía fue evaluada por mínimo dos observadores de forma aleatoria. Resultados: Se obtuvo mayor correlación entre la edad dental y cronológica para los métodos de Demirjian y Willems. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la edad cronológica y la edad dental calculada con Nolla (-0,30 p=0,001) y Demirjian (0,272 p<0,001), no siendo estadísticamente significativa la diferencia para Willems (0,02 p=0,74). Se obtuvieron diferencias en el cálculo de la edad dental entre los tres métodos, siendo el más sensible al efecto del observador el de Nolla. Conclusión: La estimación de la edad dental en pacientes pediátricos puede ser realizada por observadores entrenados. La edad dental siempre dependerá de la variabilidad de cada paciente, de la aplicabilidad del método de estimación para una población determinada y del grado de experiencia del observador.
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Nizam, Fakhira, Nasrullah Mengal, Mirza Tareen, and Sumbal Hayat. "SKELETAL MATURATION EVALUATION USING MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR CALCIFICATION STAGES." PAFMJ 71, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 980–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.3670.
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Objective: To examine the relationship between skeletal maturity and mandibular second molar calcification stages and assessing mandibular second molar as a diagnostic tool for skeletal maturity evaluation.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontic department, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, from Jan to Jun 2019.
Methodology: The sample size of the study 240 comprised of equal number of males and females. Inclusion criteria was defined to include the patients (male and female) with the age from 9-16 years; on the same time, patients without facial asymmetry and without prior history of facial or neck trauma/injury or surgery were considered for the present study. Exclusion criteria was defined to exclude those patients from the study hoe had the history of bone disease and major illness in past; known cases of muscular dystrophy; any congenital malformation of cervical vertebrae and tooth caries; Low quality x-ray with poor contrast.
Results: The study revealed association between Demirjian Index and Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index stages (0.875) with the statistical significance. Demirjian Index Stage H indicated the greater percentage distribution at stage 4 and 6 of Cervical Vertebrae Maturation for males. Similarly, in females, demirjian index stages G and H showed the greater percentage at stage 4 and 6 of cervical vertebrae maturation index respectively.
Conclusion: Analysis indicated that cervical vertebrae maturation index and Demirjian Index (DI) occurred earlier in femalesthan males.
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Ambreen, Sadaf. "COMPARISION OF DENTAL SCORING SYSTEM WITH RADIOGRAPHIC SKELETAL SYSTEM IN AGE ESTIMATION." JKCD 9, no. 1 (2019): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/2307-3934.2019.9103.
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Objectives: To compare Demirjian Dental scoring method with Greulich-Pyle (GP) Skeletal method of age estimation in pubertal children. Materials and Methods: Sample of the study included 267 male healthy subjects of 11-16 years of age group.. Demirjian Scoring system was utilized to evaluate the orthopantomograms to assess their Dental age and the Hand-Wrist radiographs were analyzed to calculate the skeletal age by utilizing GP atlas. Chronological age was obtained from the date of birth of the subject .Both methods were compared with one another and with the chronological age. It was a cross-sectional study and only healthy male subjects without any clinical abnormalities were included in the study. Results: A total of 267 male subjects of 11-16 years of age group were assessed by Demirjian and Greulich Pyle Methods. Both were compared with Chronological Age. Data obtained was statistically analyzed and the Student “t” test was applied in the study population. The mean difference between Chronolgical age and dental age was 0.69years and that of chronological age and skeletal age was 0.87 years. It was observed from dental age assessment that it does not differ much from the skeletal age. Conclusion: It was concluded that Demirjian method of Age Estimation is more precise than Greulich Pyle method of Age Estimation. Furthermore both methods can be used selectively in Medicolegal cases to access bone age which can be easily correlated to chronological age.
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Pachas Vásquez DDS, Anders L., Daniel G. Suárez Ponce DDS, MSc, PhD, and Teresa A. Evaristo Chiyong DDS, MSc, PhD. "Estimation of the Chronological Age Through the Methods of Demirjian and Ubelaker in Peruvian Children." Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences 21, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.v21i2.36828.
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Objective: To determine the most effective dental age estimation method, Demirjian y Ubelaker, for estimating the chronological age in patients from 4 to 13 years of the National Institute of Child Health-Lima Peru. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional design with a sample consisting of 465 panoramic radiographs, 229 of male (49.2%) and 236 of female (50.8%). The estimated age was made using the protocol established in each method. The chronological age was established through the difference between the date of radiographic capture and the date of birth. The precision and accuracy of each method was established. The inferential analysis was performed with a level of significance of 5% through the Spearman correlation tests, Wilcoxon test. Results: It was proved that the Ubelaker method had 270 erroneous or mismatched cases and 195 coincidences while the Demirjian method had 360 erroneous cases and 105 coincidences between the estimated chronological age and dental age, finding significant differences in the estimation in each of the methods p=0.001 and p <0.001 respectively. The accuracy obtained with Ubelaker was 0,112 and with Demirjian 1,039.
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Krisztina, Mártha I., Ogodescu A, Gyergyay Réka, and Burján Zsuzsa. "Evaluation of the Skeletal Maturation Using Lower First Premolar Mineralisation." Acta Medica Marisiensis 59, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2013-0066.
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Abstract Background: Dental age assessment is very useful in the pediatric dentist’s and orthodontist’s everyday practice. The eventual lack of correlation between dental age, skeletal maturation and chronological age can influence treatment procedures regarding mostly their application time. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between dental age based on the calcification stages of the first lower premolar (PM1i) and skeletal maturity stages using cervical vertebrae (C2, C3, C4) among Romanian individuals and to determine the clinical value of the first premolar as a growth evaluation index. Material and methods: In a sample of 30 patients (13 males, 17 females) ranging in age from 9 to 15 years (mean age 11.2 years) we examined the orthopantomography radiographs (OPT) and lateral cephalometric radiographs of each case. Results: The biological development of girls is about 1.5 years more advanced than in boys. When the Demirjian Index was at stage F, then CVS was at stage 3.4, which means that in developmental stage “F” (according to Demirjian index) premolars are indicators of the optimal time for orthodontic treatment. We found a significant correlation (R = 0.871, p <0.001) between CVM and Demirjian's index. Conclusions: The correlation shown in this study will allow clinicians to use mandibular first premolar as an adjunctive tool to assess adolescent growth spurt, combined with the evaluation of the cervical vertebrae. The results also show the usefulness of the assessment of the development of dental status as a simple diagnostic test to determine the biological age of the population
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Yunus, Barunawaty, and Yulia Wardhani. "Differences chronological age and dental age using Demirjian method based upon a study radiology using radiography panoramic at the Dental Hospital Hasanuddin University." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v1i2.6.
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Background.Choronological age is assessed by the date, month, and year of birth. Several researches suggested that Chronological age may not be able to provide sufficient information regarding on human growth precisely. Chronological age, on the other hand, could not be used to assess Maturity development rate of a patient, so it is necessary to assess the dental age. Dental age is age assessment method by measuring human growth and development. Age estimation has important role in health field, Particularly in dentistry as it will be beneficial in making appropriate diagnosis, Treatment plan, and prognosis. Tooth eruption estimation according to Demirjian Method conducted by assessing growth and development process of tooth using panoramic radiography. Purpose. Determine the difference between Chronological Age and Dental Age Using Demirjian Method Based on Radiology Analysis of Panoramic Radiography. Method. This study was an observational analytic using Cross-sectional study, all data are observed once at the time. In this study, the amount of sample reviewed were 30 samples, consisted of 4 – 9 years old children. Panoramic radiography were collected based on target population which fulfill Sample Criteria from reconciled patient of radiology department RSGM Unhas. The results were obtained by estimating the score of dental age using Demirjian Method. After that, the Dental age and chronological age were analayzed to obtain the mean difference. Result. Based on wilcoxon test, mean value was obtain p:0.011 (p<0.05), this result shows that there is significant difference between chronological age and dental age. Conclusion.Chronological age and dental age can be assessed by reviewing the panoramic radiography using Demirjian Method
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Shaikh, Marvi, Syeda Sadia Hassan, Sana Shah, Neelam Memon, Alvina Ali Shaikh, and Hassan Shahid. "Third Molar Development Reliability for Radiographic Age Estimation (Demirjian's Method)." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 1195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651195.
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Background: The determination of age after a person has died is a potential stage in the postmortem profiling process that leads to definitive identification. Demirjian's method, designed for use with children, establishes maturity scores as a function of age using eight developmental stages and polynomial functions to estimate age as a function of the score. Aim: This study's purpose was to examine the accuracy of age estimate by employing Demirjian's eight teeth approach following French maturity scores & an Indian-specific formula generated from third molar growth phases by use of orthopantomograms. Materials and Methods: 30 participants, each with a known chronological age and gender, had dental panoramic tomograms taken, which were then assessed using Demirjian's standards. The Indian method and the Demirjian formula were used to calculate ages. The P values obtained from the statistical analysis, which included the Chi-square test and the ANOVA test, were statistically significant. Results: Both Indian and Demirjian's formulations had an average underestimate of age. Since the Indian method had a reduced mean absolute error, it may be used to estimate ages Additionally, females complete dental development sooner than boys do since they were faster to reach dental maturity. Conclusion: If population-specific formulae are developed using regression analysis and ethnic and environmental variance is taken into account, more accuracy may be attained. Keywords: chronological age, dental maturity, panoramic, radiographs, third molar,
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Wilson, Yvonne Padmini, Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Hashim Yaacob, and Muhammad Khan Asif. "Age estimation from developing third molars." Medico-Legal Journal 89, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00258172211052930.
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We investigated the development of third molars among Malaysians (including variations between jaws and genders) using Demirjian’s method. Dental panoramic radiographs of 1224 subjects aged 8 to 24 years were examined, and the molars were assigned Demirjian et al.’s development grades (A–H). Results indicated that 18.8% had congenitally missing or extracted third molars. Development of molars begins earlier in females (also in the mandible), but by age 9, male children's molar development speeds up with more advanced grades in their middle teens than females. Grade C indicates the subject is a juvenile, while initiation of root development (Grade E), was observed from 13 years on. Grade H can occur in a child aged 18 years who technically is still a juvenile. We compared the development and growth patterns of the third molar from both the maxilla and the mandible.
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Sankhyan, Deeksha, Jagmahender S. Sehrawat, and Manjit Talwar. "Forensic Dental Age Estimation of North Indian Children Using Three Radiological Scoring Methods." Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/ludy4097.
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Although believed to be reliable in children, dental age estimations have reportedly shown variations in their accuracy levels, indicating regional differences. The present paper aims to study the error threshold of the Nolla, Demirjian and Willems methods for age estimation of North Indian children. Digital orthopantomograms of 168 children aged 3-15 years were analyzed for the three methods. Demirjian dental age was found to be closest to the mean chronological age, as indicated by the p-value of paired t-test. The error range for the Willems and Demirijian methods was ±5 years with 87.5% of cases showing error within the range of ±2 years, and it was ±6 years with 84.5% of cases showing error within ±2 years using the Nolla method. The mean absolute error for the Nolla, Demirjian and Willems methods was 1.09, 1.10 and 0.97 years, respectively. The Willems method was better suited for dental age estimation of the studied population, though none of the methods precisely estimated the age of the participants. Wide variations in age estimates of varied population groups may be due to differences in statistical methods or genetic factors. Thus, comparison of the methods for different populations by the same researcher is suggested to reduce certain biasness (statistical methodology) in the study.
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Annariswati, Icha Artyas, Mieke Sylvia M. A. R. Sylvia M.A.R, and Haryono Utomo. "ESTIMASI USIA BERDASARKAN ERUPSI GIGI MOLAR KETIGA PADA ETNIS TIONGHOA DI SURABAYA." Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana 17, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v17i2.2015.66-72.
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AbstrakEstimasi usia melalu gigi merupakan hal terpenting untuk identifikasi seseorang di kedokteran forensik dan bidang studi lainnya. Erupsi gigi adalah parameter dari perkembangan morfologi gigi yang dapat ditentukan dengan pemeriksaan klinis atau radiografi gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari erupsi molar tiga pada populasi Tionghoa untuk kepentingan estimasi usia. Sebanyak 74 orthopantomogram yang terdiri dari 34 laki – laki dan 40 perempuan berusia antara 17 hingga 25 tahun telah dianalisa. Status erupsi molar ketiga dinilai menggunakan tahap perkembangan metode Demirjian yang dimodifikasi, dimana metode tersebut berdasarkan perkiraan tahapan mahkota dan akar gigi yang dilihat dari radiografi gigi. usia kronologis diperoleh dari tanggal lahir individu tersebut. perbedaan antara usia dental dan usia kronologis dianalisa menggunakan independent t-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pada laki – laki nilai molar tiga kiri rahang bawah p= 0,170 dan sisi kanan p = 0,163, sedangkan pada perempuan nilai molar tiga kiri rahang bawah p= 0,560 dan sisi kanan p = 0,511 (p>0,05), hal ini berarti tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara usia dental dan usia kronologis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini metode Demirjian yang dimodifikaasi berdasarkan gigi molar tiga dapat digunakan pada populasi Tionghoa di Surabaya untuk estimasi usia. Kata kunci: molar tiga, estimasi usia, metode Demirjian yang dimodifikasi, etnis Tionghoa, Surabaya
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Shi, Lei, Yuchi Zhou, Ting Lu, Fei Fan, Lin Zhu, Yang Suo, Yijiu Chen, and Zhenhua Deng. "Dental age estimation of Tibetan children and adolescents: Comparison of Demirjian, Willems methods and a newly modified Demirjian method." Legal Medicine 55 (March 2022): 102013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102013.
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Muge Tokuc and Muge Bulut. "DIFFERENT METHODS OF AGE ESTIMATION IN CHILDREN WITH MILD TO MODERATE HYPODONTIA." International Journal of Forensic Odontology 7, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjforensicodontol.v7i1.70.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the most reliable method to provide consistent results in age estimation in patients with mild-to-moderate hypodontia.Material and Methods: A total of 126 patients (78 girls, 48 boys) with mild-to-moderate hypodontia were separated into 2 groups according to the severity of hypodontia considering similar age and sex distribution. A control group was formed of 126 age and sex-matched patients with complete dentition. The formation stages of permanent teeth on panoramic radiographs were evaluated according to the 12-stage classification of Haavikko, and the 8-stage classification of Demirjian et al. For dental age calculation, these stages were scored according to datasets provided by Haavikko, Demirjian et al. and Willems et al.Results: Agreement between dental age and chronological age was examined using the Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Sex did not significantly affect the difference between the methods (p=0.435; p=0.591). Calculated dental age according to the different methods showed significantly differences according to the study groups (p (group*method) =0.003; p (group*method) =0.008). In all the groups, excellent agreement levels were obtained using the Haavikko method (ICC≥0.90).Conclusions: The Haavikko method was detected as more reliable in healthy Turkish children and children with mild-to-moderate hypodontia than the Demirjian and Willems methods.
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Briem Stamm, Alan, Maria Cariego, Diego Vazquez, Martin Pujol, Jonathan Saiegh, Maria Bielli, Pedro Hetch, Maria Carosi, and Maria Cabirta. "Use of the Demirjian method to estimate dental age in panoramic radiographs of patients treated at the Buenos Aires University School of Dentistry." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 35, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.35/1/25.
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The aim of this study was to determine the difference between real age (RA) and dental age (DA) in boys and girls from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A.) by analyzing digital panoramic radiographs from the database of the Imaging Department at the Buenos Aires University School of Dentistry, using the Demirjian Method (DM). The sample consisted of 508 panoramic radiographs of 6- to 14-year old Argentines (268 female and 240 male). The Demirjian method was used to estimate dental age from each panoramic radiograph, and the Wilcoxon test was applied to perform a comparative analysis with the real age recorded in the image database. Average RA was 9.36 years (SD 2.11), and average DA according to the Demirjian method was 10.45 years (SD 2.31). For females, RA was 9.25 (SD 2.12), and DA according to the DM was 10.40 years (SD 2.41). For males, RA was 9.46 (SD 2.10), and DA according to the DM was 10.50 years (SD 2.22). An inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated as a correlation measure between dental age and real age was ICC = 1.09%. The ICC was 1.04% for the males and 1.15% for females. Significant differences were found between DA and RA (p <0.01) in general and according to sex. Real age was found to be lower than dental age in the study population from Buenos Aires City.
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Yunus, Barunawaty, and Yulia Wardhani. "Differences Chronological Age and Dental Age Using Demirjian Method based upon a Study Radiology using Radiography Panoramic at the RSGM Unhas." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.22208/jdmfs.1.2.2016.242-249.
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<strong>Background.</strong>Choronological age is assessed by the date, month, and year of birth. Several researches suggested that Chronological age may not be able to provide sufficient information regarding on human growth precisely. Chronological age, on the other hand, could not be used to assess Maturity development rate of a patient, so it is necessary to assess the dental age. Dental age is age assessment method by measuring human growth and development. Age estimation has important role in health field, Particularly in dentistry as it will be beneficial in making appropriate diagnosis, Treatment plan, and prognosis. Tooth eruption estimation according to Demirjian Method conducted by assessing growth and development process of tooth using panoramic radiography. <strong>Purpose</strong><strong>. </strong>Determine the difference between Chronological Age and Dental Age Using Demirjian Method Based on Radiology Analysis of Panoramic Radiography. <strong>Method.</strong> This study was an observational analytic using Cross-sectional study, all data are observed once at the time. In this study, the amount of sample reviewed were 30 samples, consisted of 4 – 9 years old children. Panoramic radiography were collected based on target population which fulfill Sample Criteria from reconciled patient of radiology department RSGM Unhas. The results were obtained by estimating the score of dental age using Demirjian Method. After that, the Dental age and chronological age were analayzed to obtain the mean difference. <strong>Result</strong><strong>. </strong>Based on wilcoxon test, mean value was obtain p:0.011 (p<0.05), this result shows that there is significant difference between chronological age and dental age. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>.</strong>Chronological age and dental age can be assessed by reviewing the panoramic radiography using Demirjian Method
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Aguirre-Rueda, Evelyn Jesenia, Cesar Eduardo Del Castillo-López, Francisco José Orejuela-Ramírez, Roberto Antonio León-Manco, and Milushka Miroslava Quezada-Márquez. "Estimación de la edad de acuerdo al método de Demirjian en niños de 5 a 16 años de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador." Revista Estomatológica Herediana 27, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/reh.v27i4.3215.
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Objetivos: Comparar la edad cronológica y edad dental según el método de Demirjian en pacientes de 5 a 16 años que acudieron al Centro Radiológico Dr. Virgilio Aguirre Cadena, Guayaquil-Ecuador durante el período2014-2015. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron 617 radiografías panorámicas tomadas durante el año 2014-2015, posteriormente se procedió a realizar el cálculo de la edad dental utilizando el método de Demirjian de cada uno de los pacientes. Luego se realizó un análisis comparativo con la edad cronológica tomada de la misma base de datos de las imágenes, para lo cual se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: La estimación de la edad dental en relación con la edad cronológica, se observó en el sexo femenino dentro del grupo etario de 7-7,99 y el de 10-10,99, presentó buenos estimadores para determinar la edad cronológica, mostrando valores de p=0,6643 y p=0,1147 respectivamente; en el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 10-10,99 y 12-12,99 mostró buenos esti- madores para determinar la edad cronológica con valores de p=0,2713 y p=0,6996 respectivamente. El resto de grupos no presentó buenos estimadores para determinar la edad cronológica con valores de p˂0,05. Conclusio- nes: El método de Demirjian no es un buen estimador de la edad ósea en todos los grupos etarios de la población estudiada, puesto que, la mayoría de grupos presentan diferencias entre la edad dental y la edad cronológica.
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Rodríguez Maldonado, Víctor J., Lourdes Fernández, Aniutka Casanova, and Izhar Asael Alonzo Matamoros. "Comparación de tres métodos odontológicos para estimación de edad dental en niños hondureños." Revista de Ciencias Forenses de Honduras 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rcfh.v4i1.8688.
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La estimación de la edad dental reviste de vital importancia en el ámbito forense por sus amplias aplicaciones en los procesos de identificación y su aplicación para estimar la edad cronológica especialmente en personas vivas, en las que no se dispone de pruebas válidas de su fecha de nacimiento. Se compararon los métodos de Dermirjian, Moorees y Nolla para estimación de la edad dental con fines de aplicación forense, para lo cual se seleccionaron 114 radiografías panorámicas de pacientes hondureños por nacimiento, de ambos sexos (57 femeninos y 57 masculinos), con edades cronológicas entre 5 y 17 años que acudieron al Servicio de Ortodoncia del Hospital Odontológico Monseñor Agustín Hombach de la Universidad Católica de Honduras en Tegucigalpa; los pacientes no mostraron agenesias dentales en la hemiarcada inferior izquierda, ni alteraciones en el desarrollo dental; sin tratamientos de apicoformación y sin extracción prematura de primeras o terceras molares, los estadios de maduración se asignaron de acuerdo a la metodología propuesta por Demirjian, Moorrees y Nolla. La edad cronológica se obtuvo de los expedientes, se determinó la exactitud de cada método, calculando la diferencia de las medias entre la edad cronológica y la edad dental estimada por los tres métodos mediante una prueba de Wilcoxon, debido a que la muestra no presentó una distribución normal. Morrees (0.31, DE = 1.14) y Nolla (0.1, DE = 1.23) sobreestiman la edad en el sexo femenino y la subestiman en los masculinos (0.3/-0.2, DE = 1.32/1.35), mientras que el método de Demirjian subestima la edad en ambos sexos (-0.4/-0.4, DE = 1.23/1.31). Se evidenció que en la muestra estudiada no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la edad cronológica y la edad dental estimada por los métodos de Demirjian, Moorees y Nolla. La estimación de la edad dental reviste de vital importancia en el ámbito forense por sus amplias aplicaciones en los procesos de identificación y su aplicación para estimar la edad cronológica especialmente en personas vivas, en las que no se dispone de pruebas válidas de su fecha de nacimiento. Se compararon los métodos de Dermirjian, Moorees y Nolla para estimación de la edad dental con fines de aplicación forense, para lo cual se seleccionaron 114 radiografías panorámicas de pacientes hondureños por nacimiento, de ambos sexos (57 femeninos y 57 masculinos), con edades cronológicas entre 5 y 17 años que acudieron al Servicio de Ortodoncia del Hospital Odontológico Monseñor Agustín Hombach de la Universidad Católica de Honduras en Tegucigalpa; los pacientes no mostraron agenesias dentales en la hemiarcada inferior izquierda, ni alteraciones en el desarrollo dental; sin tratamientos de apicoformación y sin extracción prematura de primeras o terceras molares, los estadios de maduración se asignaron de acuerdo a la metodología propuesta por Demirjian, Moorrees y Nolla. La edad cronológica se obtuvo de los expedientes, se determinó la exactitud de cada método, calculando la diferencia de las medias entre la edad cronológica y la edad dental estimada por los tres métodos mediante una prueba de Wilcoxon, debido a que la muestra no presentó una distribución normal. Morrees (0.31, DE = 1.14) y Nolla (0.1, DE = 1.23) sobreestiman la edad en el sexo femenino y la subestiman en los masculinos (0.3/-0.2, DE = 1.32/1.35), mientras que el método de Demirjian subestima la edad en ambos sexos (-0.4/-0.4, DE = 1.23/1.31). Se evidenció que en la muestra estudiada no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la edad cronológica y la edad dental estimada por los métodos de Demirjian, Moorees y Nolla
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Julia Carelli, Isabela Ribeiro Madalena, Camila Mattos, Nathaly D. Morais, Celia Maria Condeixa de França Lopes, Rafaela Scariot, João Armando Brancher, Erika Calvano Küchler, and Alexandre Moro. "Avaliação da correlação entre maturação esquelética e maturação dentária em crianças brasileiras." RSBO 17, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v17i2.41.
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Avaliar se existe correlação entre maturação esquelética e maturação dentária em crianças brasileiras. Material e métodos: A amostra foi composta por 37 documentações ortodônticas de pacientes que iniciaram o tratamento ortodôntico para correção da maloclusão classe II na Universidade Positivo. Incluíram-se no estudo documentações de pacientes com idade variando de 10 a 16 anos e de ambos os sexos. Excluíram-se documentações de pacientes com alterações sistêmicas, histórico de traumatismos na região da face, fissuras labiopalatinas e agenesias dentárias. O método de avaliação da maturação mão-punho e o método de avaliação da maturação vertebral cervical serviram para análise da maturação esquelética. Os métodos de avaliação dos estágios de desenvolvimento dentário de Demirjian e Hofmann foram utilizados para avaliação da maturação dentária e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, para determinar a força de correlação entre as variáveis. O nível de significância usado foi de 5%. Resultados: A idade cronológica demonstrou correlação moderada com o método de avaliação da maturação esquelética de mão-punho, o método de avaliação da maturação esquelética vertebral cervical e a maturação dentária (r = 0,525, p = 0,003; r = 0,450, p = 0,014; r = 0,564, p = 0,004 e r = 0,436, p = 0,011, respectivamente). O método de avaliação da maturação mão-punho evidenciou correlação forte com o método de avaliação da maturação vertebral cervical (r = 0,864, p<0,0001) e correlação moderada com a maturação dentária de Demirjian (r = 0,551, p = 0,002). O método de Demirjian demonstrou correlação moderada com o método de Hofmann (r = 0,410, p = 0,046). Conclusão: Existe apenas uma correlação moderada entre maturação esquelética e maturação dentária.>
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Alqadi, Maktoom A., and Amal H. Abuaffan. "Validity of the Demirjian and Fishman Methods for Predicting Chronological Age Amongst Yemeni Children." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 19, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.01.006.
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Objectives: There has been an increasing need for reliable chronological age (CA) estimation in several aspects, including orthodontic treatment needs and legal, civil and forensic purposes. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Demirjian and Fishman methods in predicting the CA of Yemeni children. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at seven schools in Sana’a, Yemen, between December 2016 and December 2017. One orthopantomograph and one left hand-wrist X-ray were obtained for each child to calculate the dental age (DA) and skeletal age (SA) which were correlated and compared with the CA. Results: A total of 358 Yemeni children aged 8–16 years were included in this study. The mean CA, DA and SA were 12.00 ± 2.25, 11.34 ± 2.42 and 12.39 ± 1.65 years, respectively. The Demirjian method significantly underestimated the CA by 0.58 ± 1.25 years in the total sample and 0.73 ± 1.30 and 0.40 ± 1.17 years in males and females, respectively (P <0.001). The Fishman method significantly underestimated the CA by 0.23 ± 1.19 and 0.44 ± 1.26 years in the total sample and in males, respectively (P ≤0.02). The Fishman method insignificantly underestimated the females CA by 0.02 ± 1.08 years (P = 0.898). Conclusions: Yemeni CA is highly correlated to DA and SA estimated by the Demirjian and Fishman methods, respectively. The Fishman method was more accurate amongst Yemeni females. Results showed that Yemeni children are delayed in dental development and skeletal maturity.Keywords: Age Determination by Teeth; Age Determination by Skeleton; Children; Adult Children; Diagnostic Imaging; Yemen.
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Burt, Nicole M., Norman Sauer, and Todd Fenton. "Testing the Demirjian and the International Demirjian Dental Aging Methods on a Mixed Ancestry Urban American Subadult Sample from Detroit, MI*,‡." Journal of Forensic Sciences 56, no. 5 (July 21, 2011): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01833.x.
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Fei, Yue, Lianyi Yang, Kai Sheng, Guangyun Lai, and Jun Wang. "Dental maturation in a Chinese sample using Demirjian method." Annals of Human Biology 48, no. 5 (July 4, 2021): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2021.1988705.
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Fei, Yue, Lianyi Yang, Kai Sheng, Guangyun Lai, and Jun Wang. "Dental maturation in a Chinese sample using Demirjian method." Annals of Human Biology 48, no. 5 (July 4, 2021): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2021.1988705.
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Moca, Abel Emanuel, Gabriela Ciavoi, Bianca Ioana Todor, Bianca Maria Negruțiu, Emilia Albinița Cuc, Raluca Dima, Rahela Tabita Moca, and Luminița Ligia Vaida. "Validity of the Demirjian Method for Dental Age Estimation in Romanian Children." Children 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9040567.
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Dental age assessment is useful in various medical fields. The Demirjian method for dental age estimation is one of the most widely used in the field of pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of the Demirjian method in determining age in a sample of girls and boys from Oradea, Romania. This retrospective and radiographic study was based on the evaluation of 1006 panoramic radiographs, belonging to 1006 patients (431 boys and 575 girls) with ages between 3 and 13.9 years from the city of Oradea, Romania. They were collected from three private dental practices from Oradea and were analyzed between 1 September 2021, and 10 November 2021. The patients were distributed into 11 age groups, each group spanning over one year (e.g., 3–3.9, 4–4.9). For the assessment of dental age, the Demirjian method was used, which is based on the evaluation of the developmental stages of the lower left permanent teeth. The mean chronological age of the patients was 9.496 ± 2.218 years, and the mean dental age was 10.934 ± 2.585 years. The overestimation of dental age was obtained in all age groups for the entire sample. As such, dental age was higher than chronological age, with values varying from 0.34 years in the 3–3.9 years age group to 1.7 years in the 10–10.9 years age group. In girls, dental age was higher than chronological age, with values varying from 0.46 years in the 3–3.9 years age group to 1.73 years in the 11–11.9 years age group, while in boys, the values varied from 0.15 years in the first age group to 2.02 years in the 10–10.9 years age group. The comparison of the differences between chronological age and dental age according to the gender of the patients revealed that the distribution of the differences was nonparametric in both groups according to the Shapiro–Wilk test (p < 0.05). The differences between the groups were not significant according to the Mann–Whitney U test. However, larger differences were identified for boys (1.46 years) than girls (1.417 years), with an overestimation of the dental age. The Demirjian method overestimated the age of the children included in the investigated sample, with different values for the different age groups investigated, and requires adaptations.
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Kadhom, Zainab M. "Radiological age estimation using third molars mineralization in a sample attending orthodontic clinics (A retrospective study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 32, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v32i1.2759.
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Background: The evaluation of the chronological age is a practical method in crime investigation field that assists in identifying individuals to treat them as underage or adult. This study aimed to assess the stages of third molars mineralization in relation to chronological age of Iraqi individuals, determine the gender differences and arches (maxillary/mandibular) differences.
Materials and Methods: A total of 300 orthopantomograms of orthodontic patients were collected according to specific criteria and evaluated visually. The developmental stages of maxillary and mandibular third molars were determined according to Demirjian method. The chronological age was recorded according to the particular mineralization stages at which it reached considering genders, sides and jaws. Comparisons were done using paired sample and independent sample t-tests.
Results: Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between maxillary and mandibular third molars. The maxillary third molars reached earlier than mandibular one in stages F and G. There was no significant difference between the mean ages of males and females at each given developmental stage in the maxillary and mandibular third molars except for the stage D in the maxilla and stages D and E in the mandible. The development of third molar teeth on the right and left sides was similar except for the maxillary arch in males when there was a significant difference in stage C and D and stage E in the mandibular arch.
Conclusion: The Demirjian method is an excellent approach for age assessment using Orthopantomogram. All of the differences between the current study and other studies could be because of the difference in the populations who were chosen from different geographical areas.
Keywords: Age estimation, Demirjian method, third molar, Orthopantomogram, chronological age.
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Bjelopavlovic, Monika, Ann-Katrin Zeigner, Jochen Hardt, and Katja Petrowski. "Forensic Dental Age Estimation: Development of New Algorithm Based on the Minimal Necessary Databases." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081280.
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Objectives Dental age determination relies on the presence of wisdom teeth, which can be assigned to specific age ranges according to their stage of development. The purpose of this study is to highlight the applicability of the Demirjian staging of layman compared to expert, as well as the inclusion of all four wisdom teeth in the overall assessment, in order to emphasize and critically highlight a precise age estimation in clinical practice, especially in the case of agenesis or the presence of less than all four wisdom teeth. Material and Methods: In this study, dental age determination is performed and compared by a trained layperson and an expert using 385 orthopantomograms. The radiographs of known chronological age from male patients in the age range of 11–22 years were acquired from the University Medical Center Mainz. All four wisdom teeth were radiologically viewed if present. Demirjian staging with stages A–H was applied, and regression analysis was performed. Results: The relationship between mineralization of wisdom teeth (18, 28, 38 and 48) and age was linear for all teeth (p < 0.01), except for tooth 18 (p = 0.02). Comparing the prediction of the four teeth individually revealed that the lower teeth gave better predictions than the upper ones (R2 ≥ 0.50 vs. R2 < 0.50). Conclusions: For clinical use, the mandibular wisdom teeth should be preferred when performing dental age estimation using the Demirjian staging method. As a result of the present analysis, two ways of determining dental age by wisdom teeth can be suggested. One is to take only tooth 38, with the formula: age = 3.3 + 0.73 × mineralization of tooth_38. The second recommendation would be to take tooth_48. If both are unavailable, the formula would be age = −0.5 + 0.94 × mineralization tooth_28. Utilizing tooth 18 would not lead to more precise results.
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Pizano-Damasco, María Isabel, Miluskha Miroslava Quezada-Márquez, César Eduardo Del Castillo-López, and Francisco José Orejuela-Ramirez. "Estimación de la edad de acuerdo al método de Demirjian en niños de 4 a 16 años de la Ciudad de Puebla, México." Revista Estomatológica Herediana 26, no. 3 (November 16, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/reh.v26i3.2957.
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Objetivos: Comparar la edad cronológica y la edad dental empleando el Método de Demirjian en niños de 4 a 16 años de edad que acuden a un Centro Radiológico Privado, durante el año 2014 en Puebla, México. Material y Métodos: Diseño descriptivo, retrospectivo y analítico; en donde la muestra fue la misma que la población la cual consistió de 1125 radiografías panorámicas, tomadas durante el año 2014. Se realizó el cálculo de la edad dental en cada una de ellas, de acuerdo al método de Demirjian. Teniendo este dato se hizo un análisis compa- rativo con la edad cronológica tomada de la base de datos de las imágenes, utilizando la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: En las125 Rx panorámicas se determinó la edad dental. Una vez hecho el comparativo con la edad cronológica los resultados mostraron que en el grupo etario de 14-14.99 años se presentó el mayor número de radiografías de acuerdo a la edad cronológica, siendo en su mayoría mujeres. Se comparó la edad dental con la edad cronológica, determinando por grupos de edades la significancia estadística. Al comparar la edad dental con la edad cronológica en el sexo femenino, únicamente en el grupo etario de 8-8.99 años no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05), mientras que para el sexo masculino fueron los grupos etarios de 4-4.99, 8-8.99 y 9-9.99. Conclusiones: La estimación de edad de acuerdo al Método de Demirjian en la población mexi- cana estudiada es adecuado únicamente en los grupos de edad de 8-8.99 para el sexo femenino y 4-4.99, 8-8.99, 9-9.99 para el sexo masculino, encontrando que en el resto de la muestra mexicana sobreestima la edad.
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Quezada Marquez, Milushka Miroslava, Jorge Arturo Beltrán-Silva, Juan Benjamín Bernal Morales, Alexis Evangelista Alva, and César Eduardo Del Castillo López. "Relación entre la edad cronológica y la mineralización del tercer molar inferior según método de Demirjian." Revista Estomatológica Herediana 24, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/reh.v24i2.2126.
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Objetivos: Relacionar la edad cronológica y la mineralización del tercer molar inferior según los estadios deDemirjian en radiografías panorámicas digitales. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivoevaluando 1176 radiografías panorámicas digitales del Servicio de Radiología de la Clínica Dental de la Facultadde Estomatología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, entre los años 2011 y 2012. Los casos tenían entre 7 -23 años de edad. Resultados: En la pieza 38, el estadio D presentó una edad promedio de 14,05 ± 1,35 años para elsexo femenino y 13,42 ± 1,30 años para el sexo masculino. El tercer molar inferior en el sexo masculino presentóuna maduración ligeramente anterior que el sexo femenino, esta diferencia fue estadísticamente signifi cativa enlos estadios D, E, F, G y H. No se encontró diferencia entre los estadios de Demirjian de la pieza 38 y 48. En elestadio H el 100% del sexo femenino y el 99,1% del sexo masculino tuvieron 18 o más años. Conclusiones: Losresultados sugieren que el método de Demirjian, para evaluar la mineralización del tercer molar, puede ser unaherramienta útil en el estudio de la edad cronológica.
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YUN, CHAN-GYU. "Comments on the taxonomic validity of Camptodontornis yangi (Li, Gong, Zhang, Yang, and Hou, 2010) and its relationships to Longipteryx chaoyangensis Zhang, Zhou, Hou, and Gu, 2000 and Boluochia zhengi Zhou, 1995." Zootaxa 4652, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.12.
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Although the nomenclature of the longipterygid bird Camptodontus yangi Li, Gong, Zhang, Yang, and Hou, 2010 may have been clouded by the finding that its generic name was preoccupied by Camptodontus Dejean, 1826 in the carabid beetles, necessitating its replacement by Camptodontornis Demirjian, 2019, the taxonomic status of this species has become even more debatable.
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Aissaoui, Abir, NidhalHaj Salem, Meryam Mougou, Fethi Maatouk, and Ali Chadly. "Dental age assessment among Tunisian children using the Demirjian method." Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences 8, no. 1 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.176956.
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Kapoor, Priyanka, Vanshika Jain, and Ragini Miglani. "Demirjian approach of dental age estimation: Abridged for operator ease." Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences 8, no. 3 (2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.195103.
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Blenkin, Matthew R. B., and Wendell Evans. "Age Estimation from the Teeth Using a Modified Demirjian System*." Journal of Forensic Sciences 55, no. 6 (November 2010): 1504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01491.x.
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Agurto Goya, Harold, Takashi Satake, Takahide Maeda, Shigeo Tanaka, and Yoshiaki Akimoto. "Dental age in Japanese children using a modified Demirjian method." Pediatric Dental Journal 19, no. 1 (2009): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0917-2394(09)70157-0.
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