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Journal articles on the topic 'Demarcation problem'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Fernandez-Beanato, Damian. "The Multicriterial Approach to the Problem of Demarcation." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 51, no. 3 (April 29, 2020): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-020-09507-5.

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Abstract The problem of demarcating science from nonscience remains unsolved. This article executes an analytical process of elimination of different demarcation proposals put forward since the professionalization of the philosophy of science, explaining why each of those proposals is unsatisfactory or incomplete. Then, it elaborates on how to execute an alternative multicriterial scientific demarcation project put forward by Mahner (2007, 521–522; 2013, 29–43). This project allows for the demarcation not only of science from non-science and from pseudoscience, but also of different types of sciences and of scientific fields (e.g., formal sciences, natural sciences, social sciences) from each other. This article also offers arguments in favor of accepting two types of scientific demarcations, namely epistemic-warrant scientific demarcations and territorial scientific demarcations, and argues in favor of accepting a territorially broad scientific demarcation.

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Tyynelä, Jenni, and Tim De Mey. "HISTORY'S DEMARCATION PROBLEM." History and Theory 51, no. 2 (May 2012): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2012.00625.x.

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3

Holman, Bennett, and Torsten Wilholt. "The new demarcation problem." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 91 (February 2022): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.11.011.

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Gordin, Michael D. "The Other Demarcation Problem." Isis 110, no. 4 (December 2019): 766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/706533.

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5

Zemmouri, Eugene. "Demarcation Problem: Knowledge and Creativity." nauka.me, no. 3 (2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s241328880013247-5.

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6

Morris, Robert L. "Parapsychology and the demarcation problem." Inquiry 30, no. 3 (January 1987): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00201748708602122.

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7

Zubkov, Nicolay A., and Elena A. Nikitina. "The Problem of Demarcation of Information Conflicts: Philosophical-Methodological Analysis." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 25, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2021-25-4-683-694.

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The phenomenon of information conflict at the moment is an actual research object of many social and humanitarian disciplines. On the other hand, there is a lack of fundamental theoretical, primarily philosophical and methodological, research on this issue. This is expressed, inter alia, in the absence of philosophical and methodological grounds for isolating an information conflict from the totality of all objectively observed communications, i.e. demarcation of the phenomenon. The problem of finding criteria for an information conflict is of key importance in the formation of the methodological foundations and categorical apparatus for studying this phenomenon. In this regard, the need to develop theoretical foundations for the demarcation of information conflict is an urgent research task. The object of this work is the phenomenon of information conflict as part of the communicative process. The subject of the research is the problem of demarcation of information conflicts from all aggregate communications. The purpose of the study is to describe and substantiate the existing object-oriented methodologies that allow for the demarcation procedure. The following tasks are adequately formulated for the purpose of the study: 1) describe the problem of demarcation; 2) identify the communicative grounds of the information conflict; 3) analyze and highlight the main approaches to the problem of demarcation of information conflict. The novelty of the work lies in the systematic description and structuring of methodological approaches to the problem of demarcation of information conflicts, as well as analysis of the boundaries of methodologies and approaches. In the course of the work, it was determined and proved that, relying solely on the theory of communication, it is impossible to adequately carry out the demarcation procedure; it is necessary to use additional, non-communicative demarcation criteria, which is due to the variety of demarcation approaches in various studies. In conclusion, conclusions are formulated about the limitations of object-oriented approaches for solving the problem of demarcation of information conflicts.

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Uyar, Tevfik. "A Secondary Tool for Demarcation Problem." kilikya 4, no. 3 (2017): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/kilikya20174315.

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9

Paulon, Moreno. "Pseudoscience Charges and the Demarcation Problem." Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2023): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2023.2.01.

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Philosophers of science have long tried to identify some demarcation line capable of distinguishing science from pseudoscience. Nonetheless, no ultimate set of requirements has so far been achieved, leaving demarcation uncertain and fluctuating, if not merely rhetorical. The habit of using the word ‘science’ to address a specific kind of knowledge is a modern practice, with ‘science’ having gradually taken over terms like ‘natural philosophy’ and ‘natural history.’ Thereby, the term ‘pseudoscience’ is also a recent one, with its meaning running alongside scientific endeavors of the nineteenth century. The article contributes to the debate aiming to pragmatically describe the function of pseudoscience in epistemology. To account for this, we argue that questions like What is pseudoscience? or What makes science science? would be better replaced by the question What do people do with the word pseudoscience?

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10

Sushchin, Mikhail. "THE PROBLEM OF DEMARCATION OF SCIENCE AND PSEUDOSCIENCE AND THE IDEA OF FAMILY RESEMBLANCE." Naukovedenie, no. 2 (2021): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/naukoved/2021.02.02.

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The problem of characterization scientific knowledge and its difference from other forms of activity has been discussed since antiquity. Nevertheless, in its modern guise, the problem of demarcation of science and non-science appeared in the works of logical positivists and their critic K. Popper. Thanks to their efforts, this problem has become one of the central problems of the philosophy of science of the XX century. However, the difficulties of the well-known classical and modern criteria of demarcation (including the verificationist and falsificationist criteria) prompted the American philosopher of science L. Laudan to declare «the demise of the demarcation problem». According to Laudan, any satisfactory criterion of demarcation must provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions, on the basis of which only it will be possible to distinguish between science and non-science. Meanwhile, based on the heterogeneity of the forms of scientific knowledge and long unsuccessful attempts to give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for what determines science, Laudan concluded that attempts to find the criterion of demarcation are futile. However, as further investigations have showed, Laudan may have been hasty in his conclusions. In particular, one of the promising approaches to the solution of the demarcation problem may be associated with the idea of family resemblance popularized by L. Wittgenstein and the application of developments from the field of fuzzy logic.

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11

Romanov, P. A. "Наука и лженаука: проблема демаркации." Вестник Вятского государственного университета, no. 3(149) (January 12, 2024): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.7606.23.035.

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The problem of demarcation of science and pseudoscience is one of the most urgent scientific and philosophical problems. The severity of this problem, realized in the era of Modern times, has increased even more in the technotronic XXI century. The "universe of human errors" together with the "universe of truths" continues to expand, which once again confirms the correctness of Hegel's idea of the "symmetry" of truth and error, of their inseparable dialectical relationship. The existence and flourishing of various pseudosciences in the spiritual culture of modern human society is determined by many reasons: economic, social, political and, of course, psychological. In our article, we turned to the analysis of the epistemological reasons for the existence of pseudoscience. The purpose of the research is to offer the reader a well-founded author's understanding of the problem of demarcation of science and pseudoscience. The subject of our research is the dialectical relationship between science and pseudoscience, which defines the problem of demarcation, the illustration of their common characteristics, the search for their common basis. In the course of the research, we came to the conclusion that this relationship is determined by the unity of the most diverse forms of subjective reflection of objective reality: knowledge, including scientific, opinions, beliefs, beliefs, assessments and even semantic images. From our point of view, being organic components of the process of cognition and spiritual and practical development of reality, all these forms do not exist independently, but as part of special complexes, which we called "metides" in honor of the ancient Greek goddess of knowledge, reason and wisdom, Metis. In our opinion, it is the metiality of cognition and mastering objective reality that determines the very existence of the problem of demarcation of science and pseudoscience and the difficulties in solving it. The results of our research can be used in the process of teaching philosophy and philosophy and methodology of science. Проблема демаркации науки и лженауки является одной из самых актуальных научно-философских проблем. Острота данной проблемы, осознанной в эпоху Нового времени, еще более увеличилась в технотронном XXI в. «Вселенная человеческих заблуждений» вместе с «вселенной истин» продолжает расширяться, что лишний раз подтверждает правильность гегелевской идеи о «симметричности» истины и заблуждения, об их неразрывной диалектической взаимосвязи. Существование и расцвет разнообразных лженаук в духовной культуре современного человеческого общества определяется множеством причин: экономических, социальных, политических и, разумеется, психологических. Мы в нашей статье обратились к анализу гносеологических причин существования лженауки. Цель исследования состоит в том, чтобы предложить читателю обоснованное авторское понимание проблемы демаркации науки и лженауки. Предметом нашего исследования является определяющая проблему демаркации диалектическая взаимосвязь науки и лженауки, иллюстрация их общих характеристик, поиск их общей основы. В процессе исследования мы пришли к выводу о том, что эта взаимосвязь определяется единством самых различных форм субъективного отражения объективной действительности: знаний, в том числе научных, мнений, убеждений, верований, оценок и даже смыслообразов. С нашей точки зрения, будучи органическими компонентами процесса познания и духовно-практического освоения действительности, все эти формы существуют не самостоятельно, а в составе особых комплексов, названных нами «метидами» в честь древнегреческой богини знаний, разума и мудрости Метиды. На наш взгляд, именно метидальность познания и освоения объективной действительности определяет само существование проблемы демаркации науки и лженауки и трудности в ее решении. Результаты нашего исследования могут быть использованы в процессе преподавания философии и философии и методологии науки.

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12

Resnik, David B. "A pragmatic approach to the demarcation problem." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 31, no. 2 (June 2000): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-3681(00)00004-2.

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13

Lyuty, Тaras. "Mass and Popular Culture: Problem of Demarcation." NaUKMA Research Papers in Philosophy and Religious Studies 3 (November 22, 2019): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2019.3.85-99.

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14

Szabó, B., and R. Actis. "The demarcation problem in the applied sciences." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 162 (May 2024): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2024.03.024.

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15

Recker, Doren. "Scientific Creationism, Intelligent Design, and the Demarcation Problem." Southwest Philosophy Review 23, no. 1 (2007): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview20072313.

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16

Hajdin, Mane. "SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE LAW: THE DEMARCATION PROBLEM." Journal of Social Philosophy 25, no. 3 (December 1994): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9833.1994.tb00336.x.

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17

Júlia Gyimesi. "The Problem of Demarcation: Psychoanalysis and the Occult." American Imago 66, no. 4 (2009): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aim.0.0064.

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18

Яковлев, А. А., and Е. А. Пчелко-Толстова. "REAL AND FALSE SCIENCE: THE PROBLEM OF DEMARCATION." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Философия, no. 2(64) (August 25, 2023): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtphilos/2023.2.026.

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Хотя идеологические кампании в науке принято связывать с ХХ в., в наши дни они тоже имеют место. В 2018–22 гг. они происходили в Венгрии, Болгарии, Германии и Великобритании. Под видом нормальной науки со-здавалась мнимая. В статье представлены границы реальной и мнимой науки, критерии их демаркации. Также статья демонстрирует, что в ситу-ации идеологического контроля науки, научная парадигма зависит от па-радигмы технологической, которая, в свою очередь, обусловливается тех-нико-экономической парадигмой. Сделаны выводы о зависимости техно-логической парадигмы от технико-экономической, о том, что современ-ные идеологические кампании в науке могут завершиться, если начнут вступать в противоречия с технологическими и технико-экономическими парадигмами. Although ideological campaigns in science are often associated with the 20th century, they still exist today. In 2018-22, such campaigns occurred in Hun-gary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Instead of real science, a false one was created. This article presents the boundaries between real and false science, the criteria for their demarcation, and how they are demonstrated. The article also shows that in situations of ideological control over science, the scientific paradigm depended on the technological paradigm, which, in turn, depended on the techno-economic paradigm. Conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the technological paradigm on the techno-economic one and that modern ideological campaigns in science may come to an end if they begin to contradict technological and techno-economic paradigms.

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19

de Souza Filho, Sérgio Farias. "Can Constancy Mechanisms Draw the Limits of Intentionality?" Disputatio 14, no. 65 (November 1, 2022): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2022-0008.

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Abstract What are the minimal conditions for intentionality that a sensory state should satisfy for it to constitute a representational state? That is, what are the limits of intentionality? This is the problem of demarcation. The goal of this paper is to assess a specific demarcation proposal for the minimal conditions of intentionality—the constancy mechanism proposal. Accordingly, it is a minimal condition for the intentionality of a given state that the sensory system should employ a constancy mechanism in the production of this state. First of all, I introduce the problem of demarcation and show its relevance for the debate on the viability of naturalist theories of mental representation. After that, I present the explanatory role requirement for the positing of representational states by intentional explanations of behaviour and show how it constitutes a criterion for the assessment of demarcation proposals for the limits of intentionality. Finally, I assess the constancy mechanism proposal and show that its viability is seriously jeopardised by the minimal distance problem.

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20

Oleynikov, Ilya. "A New Monograph on the History of the Russian-Chinese Border." Russian and Chinese Studies 5, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2021.5(3).192-197.

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The article is a review of the monograph by Alexander L. Anisimov and Alexander P. Kostyuchenko «The Demarcation of the Russian-Chinese Border in the Far East and the Participation of Border Guard Services in It: Historical Experience and the Present». The book highlights the problems of the history of border treaties, issues of demarcation and delimitation of the Russian-Chinese border, reflects the process of solving the border problem in the late XX — early XXI centuries.

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21

Haker, Christoph, and Lukas Otterspeer. "Neither demarcation nor confrontation." Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung 43, no. 3 (November 27, 2020): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40955-020-00174-z.

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AbstractRight-wing populism has strongly polarizing effects in politics, education and science—a problem which this article aims to adress. Instead of claiming a demarcation between science and education on the one hand and right-wing populist ideology on the other, we initially focus on continuities. At the same time, we are concerned with finding a critical distance towards right-wing populism. Using the theoretical framework of boundary-work we therefore analyse a case of right-wing populist educational and scientific efforts. Boundary-work can occur in an institutional, content-related and epistemic dimension. While we identify strong continuities in the institutional and content-related dimensions, we see the main difference in the epistemic dimension. In conclusion, we use the results of our analysis to develop a critical position as scientists and educationists towards right-wing populism, drawing consequences for the epistemic, content-related and institutional dimensions.

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Rozin, Vadim. "On the Problem of Demarcation of Health and Disease." Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (February 11, 2022): 08–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asms.2022.06.1185.

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23

Petrunin, Yuri. "The Problem of Demarcation in Russian Neuroethics: Scientometric Analysis." Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics IV, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-8719-2020-1-85-107.

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24

Lebedev, S. A. "THE DEMARCATION PROBLEM OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND ITS EVOLUTION." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Philosophy), no. 3 (2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-7227-2022-3-79-89.

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25

Bliznets, Ivan A., Evgeny N. Scherbak, and Konstantin B. Leontyev. "Plagiarism, Borrowing and Legitimate Use: The Concept Demarcation Problem." Juridical World 2 (January 25, 2024): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1811-1475-2024-2-27-30.

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The article notes that in the legislation of the Russian Federation the term “plagiarism” is used only in relation to the deliberate appropriation of authorship, which entails criminal liability, while in scientific publications this term is used in relation to a wider range of borrowings that are not criminal offenses. The authors conclude that the negative consequence of such a blurring of legal terminology is the complication of classification of those legal phenomena that are encountered in practice. It is argued that for the further development of legislation, judicial and business practice it is necessary to provide a unified understanding of such legal phenomena as plagiarism, on the one hand, and other cases of illegal borrowing, on the other hand, with the division of the latter into separate types of borrowing, taking into account the peculiarities of certain areas of activity, including the establishment of different criteria for recognizing the fact of illegal borrowing for scientific activity, for film production, fiction and other areas of use of the results of creative activity and certain types of works.

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Bantserova, Olga. "The Problem of Demarcation of Borders between the Mutawakkili Kingdom of Yemen and the Saudi State in 1933–1934." Oriental Courier, no. 2 (2024): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310031309-7.

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The paper examines the process of demarcation of the border between the Mutawakkili kingdom of Yemen and the Saudi state in 1933–1934. It should be noted that during this period there were several political, economic, and social reasons that led to the territorial claims of the two countries to each other due to the lack of a previously mutually demarcated border. Examples are given of the mutual influence of the parties on the course of both military operations preceding the official state demarcation, and negotiations during the demarcation itself. The author analyzed British intelligence documents about the progress of the hostilities and subsequent negotiations in an attempt to resolve territorial disputes. A conclusion is drawn about the dependence of the security and “political tranquility” of the Saudi Kingdom on its southern neighbor. An opinion was expressed regarding the reason for the complexity of the negotiations on demarcation, as well as regarding the Taif Agreement signed because of them.

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27

Shah, Yogendra Prasad. "Study on Effectiveness of Fuzzy Set Theory through its Practical Application." Patan Pragya 11, no. 02 (December 31, 2022): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v11i02.52172.

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This paper deals with the poverty as a main problem of our country Nepal. The Government wants to solve this problem by definite rule. The line of demarcation of defining the jurisdiction of the collection of poverty-stricken people does not exist. However, it is obvious that certain vague demarcation must exist in order to divide the resources as needed. In this paper, I have applied the fuzzy set of poverty-stricken Nepali as the function A: N→ [0, 1].

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Wenyan, Lu. "The Dilemma of Scientific Demarcation and Its Possible Approach." Journal of Educational Theory and Management 4, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jetm.v4i2.4384.

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From logicism to historicism, philosophers of science have put forward different standards of scientific demarcation according to their own scientific views. However, these standards encounter problems either in theory or in practice, and then fall into difficulties, thus moving towards relativism. Philosophy of scientific practice has reversed the previous image of science with scientific practice and pointed out the temporality, dynamics and locality of science. Therefore, the scientific boundary under this approach also has the above characteristics. Besides, the scientific boundary constructed by the scientific image is developmental and features temporary stability and effectiveness. Scientific demarcation is not a purely epistemological problem, but also a practical one.

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29

Shaffer, Michael J. "Quine and the Incoherence of the Indispensability Argument." Logos & Episteme 10, no. 2 (2019): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme201910218.

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It is an under-appreciated fact that Quine’s rejection of the analytic/synthetic distinctionwhen coupled with some other plausible and related viewsimplies that there are serious difficulties in demarcating empirical theories from pure mathematical theories within the Quinean framework. This is a serious problem because there seems to be a principled difference between the two disciplines that cannot apparently be captured in the orthodox Quienan framework. For the purpose of simplicity let us call this Quine’s problem of demarcation. In this paper this problem will be articulated and it will be shown that the typical sorts of responses to this problem are all unworkable within the Quinean framework. It will then be shown that the lack of resources to solve this problem within the Quinean framework implies that Quine’s version of the indispensability argument cannot get off the ground, for it presupposes the possibility of making such a distinction.

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30

Rozin, Vadim. "On the problem of demarcation of Sociology and Social Sciences." Ideas and Ideals 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2017-3.2-3-17.

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31

Yastreb, Natalia A. "The Problem of double Demarcation in analytic Philosophy of Technology." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Politologiya, no. 2(34) (June 1, 2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/1998863x/34/15.

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32

Polyakova, Anna S. "Folk dance: the problem of definition, demarcation and historical transformation." Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 1, no. 118 (2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2021-1-118-189-194.

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Folk dance is an integral part of modern choreographic culture. At the same time, the definition of its place and role in modern artistic realities is complicated not only by understanding the boundaries of this phenomenon, but also by contradictory approaches to understanding its essence. Folk dance is also understood as folk dance, or vice versa, later layers of dance culture, not associated with ritual actions. Also, some researchers put forward the thesis that folk dance is only an area for – traditional culture, as well as the phenomena of everyday dance culture that are entrenched in the folk tradition. Quite often in modern choreographic culture, folk dance is likened to the concept of «folk stage dance» – a kind of specific model of folk dance culture, created and embodied in the conditions of the stage space. And this, as will be discussed in this article, is not legitimate. All these processes are not accidental. To a certain extent, they demonstrate the difficulties in the formation of the very phenomena related to folk dance: from traditional forms to stage versions of its representation. This article defines the boundaries of the definition of «folk dance», gives its periodization in accordance with the cultural and historical periods, and also highlights the main sources of its formation. Particular attention is paid to identifying the specific features of folk dance, among which the most vividly highlighted: ritual and ceremonial basis, syncretism, synthetism, special mentality, anonymity, heterofunctional character, imitativeness, improvisational character, tradition and rules of performance, the relationship with the musical and song basis, its collective representation. The article outlines a culturological approach to further understanding the phenomenon of «folk dance» in scientific discourse.

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33

Samuelsson, Lars. "On the Demarcation Problem and the Possibility of Environmental Ethics." Environmental Ethics 32, no. 3 (2010): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201032330.

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34

Leiter, B. "The Demarcation Problem in Jurisprudence: A New Case for Scepticism." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 31, no. 4 (August 23, 2011): 663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqr020.

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Fernandez-Beanato, Damian. "Correction to: The Multicriterial Approach to the Problem of Demarcation." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 51, no. 3 (September 2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-020-09518-2.

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Volonté, Paolo. "The social context of scientific knowledge production and the problem of demarcation." Pragmatics and Cognition 14, no. 3 (December 11, 2006): 527–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.14.3.05vol.

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In this paper, I wish to face the old problem of demarcation from a new point of view. I aim at pointing out that there are distinction criteria between scientific and non-scientific knowledge. I intend to investigate whether it is possible to define demarcation criteria by studying the social dimension of science. There are social necessities, which force the scientific production of knowledge to distinguish itself from non-scientific production. Science is not what scientists freely decide it should be, but what they are compelled to acknowledge it is. The paper discusses the nature of this constraint, which has a social origin but is also capable to be reflected on the cognitive contents of science. Through a discussion of the theories of Bruno Latour and Pierre Bourdieu, attention is drawn on the cycle of credibility as the crucial social mechanism determining scientific knowledge.

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Biagioli, Francesca. "Ernst Cassirer on historical thought and the demarcation problem of epistemology." British Journal for the History of Philosophy 29, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): 652–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2021.1910483.

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Tyugashev, Evgeny A. "Utopia as a Form of Social Consciousness: The Problem of Demarcation." Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Series Philosophy 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vsgtu-phil.2023.5.2.

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Based on the typological approach, the interpretation of utopia as an independent form of social consciousness is substantiated. In terms of worldview status, utopia is comparable to art, mythology, science, religion and philosophy. In the typology of forms of social consciousness, utopia is identified as an external reflection of law (legal worldview).

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Polovyi, Taras. "Problem granicy międzypaństwowej w stosunkach ukraińsko-białoruskich." Studia Podlaskie, no. 31 (2023): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/sp.2023.31.07.

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The issue of the Ukrainian-Belarusian border has been and continues to be problematic. This example demonstrates the complexity and ambiguity of bilateral relations between Ukraine and Belarus. The article highlights that the delimitation and demarcation of the state border between Ukraine and Belarus, following their declaration of independence, has become a crucial matter in the relations of both countries. Based on the analysis of destructive factors on the Ukrainian-Belarusian border, the author notes the potential for conflict in this direction.

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Kovářová, Vendula. "W. W. BARTLEY: RECONSIDERING THE PROBLEM OF DEMARCATION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND METAPHYSICS." E-LOGOS 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.e-logos.433.

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Gafitulin, Timur M. "Demarcation and categorization of technologies: a philosophical and methodological approach." Philosophy of Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (2023): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2023-28-1-91-104.

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In philosophical and methodological scientific research at the field of philosophy of technology, it is necessary to correctly name and distinguish technological spheres, simple and complex technologies, and techniques. The spontaneously established practice of naming technologies and techniques does not always meet the objectives of scientific research, because it is not fully rigorous and based on uniform, reasonable and sustainable technological categories. This problem is particularly acute in the field of technologies that go beyond the boundaries of human proportionality and are not directly observed, in particular, in socio-humanitarian technologies. The article describes a possible methodological approach to solving this problem through the allocation of basic technological categories on the example of material technology, known from the philosophical writings of Aristotle and Heidegger; describes such technological categories as “technological chain”, “material”, “goal”, “master”, “form”, “tool” and “method”; a four-part technological categorization is proposed, including an indication of the purpose, material, method, tool and allowing to define the technology; the similarity of material technologies and non-material (socio-humanitarian) is stated; promising philosophical and methodological problems of “merging of the master and the tool”, “expansion of the technological subject” are indicated; the principal possibility of using the declared categorization is substantiated by examples in the field of both material technology and non-material; the necessity of “softening” terminological correction when using technological categories in the socio-humanitarian sphere is described; the range from “art” to “artificial” in technology is shown; possible directions for further research are set.

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UENO, Katsumi, and Elisa VILLA. "Demarcation problem in fusuline classi? cation: A case for Verella/Eofusulina discrimination." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 33, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.33.1.13251.

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The eofusulinin genera Verella and Eofusulina formed an important lineage among fusulines to de? ne the Bashkirian/Moscovian transitional interval in the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) subsystem. We studied morphologies of Verella transiens, a highly evolved form in the genus, and the ?rst Eofusulina species from the Los Tornos section in the Cantabrian Zone of northern Spain, to understand the discriminating diagnosis of these two genera. We conclude that Eofusulina is distinguishable from Verella in having stronger septal fluting, lesser development of secondary deposits, generally larger proloculus, absence of early tightly coiled volutions, and with some lesser extent slightly larger diameter of shell and absence of polar torsion. No single morphological character provides a reliable criterion to distinguish the two genera, but rather only a combination of all these morphological criteria enables reliable generic discrimination. In order to better understand the morphology, we emphasise the usefulness of non-oriented specimens in this study.

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John, Stephen. "Science, politics and regulation: The trust-based approach to the demarcation problem." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 90 (December 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.08.006.

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Salpagarova, Lyudmila Andreevna. "SELF-DETERMINATION OF MODERN SCIENCE: PROBLEM OF DEMARCATION AND ITS SOCIAL MEANING." Manuscript, no. 8 (August 2019): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/manuscript.2019.8.23.

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Fuller, Steve. "THE DEMARCATION OF SCIENCE: A PROBLEM WHOSE DEMISE HAS BEEN GREATLY EXAGGERATED." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 66, no. 3-4 (July 1985): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.1985.tb00257.x.

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Ivanov, A. Yu. "The Problem of Defining the Contemporary Border between the DPRK and China." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 34 (2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2020.34.90.

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When the Communist Party came to power in China and the People's Republic of China was established, the new Chinese leadership began to take steps to improve relations with North Korea. Immediately after the end of the Korean War (1950-1953), China and the DPRK entered into a number of agreements and treaties designed to strengthen the ties between the two states that embarked on the path of socialist development. One of the key agreements between China and North Korea was the conclusion of the “Border Treaty” in 1962, which became the guarantor of stability and security on the shared border; it also resolved previous border disputes between the two states. Making certain territorial concessions in the demarcation of the border the Chinese leadership acquired a reliable ally in conditions when China found itself in international isolation. At the same time, some South Korean politicians and scientists taking an interest in the “Border Treaty” concluded between the China and the DPRK expressed mixed views regarding the Sino-North Korean borders. They believed that the national interests of the Korean people were infringed upon by the demarcation of the border between China and the DPRK.

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Hofmann, Bjørn. "How to Draw the Line Between Health and Disease? Start with Suffering." Health Care Analysis 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10728-021-00434-0.

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AbstractHow can we draw the line between health and disease? This crucial question of demarcation has immense practical implications and has troubled scholars for ages. The question will be addressed in three steps. First, I will present an important contribution by Rogers and Walker who argue forcefully that no line can be drawn between health and disease. However, a closer analysis of their argument reveals that a line-drawing problem for disease-related features does not necessarily imply a line-drawing problem for disease as such. The second step analyzes some alternative approaches to drawing the line between health and disease. While these approaches do not provide full answers to the question, they indicate that the line-drawing question should not be dismissed too hastily. The third step investigates whether the line-drawing problem can find its solution in the concept of suffering. In particular, I investigate whether returning to the origin of medicine, with the primary and ultimate goal of reducing suffering, may provide sources of demarcation between health and disease. In fact, the reason why we pay attention to particular phenomena as characteristics of disease, consider certain processes to be relevant, and specific functions are classified as dys-functions, is that they are related to suffering. Accordingly, using suffering as a criterion of demarcation between health and disease may hinder a wide range of challenges with modern medicine, such as unwarranted expansion of disease, overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and medicalization.

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Sarwar, Ameer, and Patrick Thomas Fraser. "Scientificity and The Law of Theory Demarcation." Scientonomy: Journal for the Science of Science 2 (December 28, 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/js.v2i0.31275.

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The demarcation between science and non-science seems to play an important role in the process of scientific change, as theories regularly transition from being considered scientific to being considered unscientific and vice versa. However, theoretical scientonomy is yet to shed light on this process. The goal of this paper is to tackle the problem of demarcation from the scientonomic perspective. Specifically, we introduce scientificity as a distinct epistemic stance that an agent can take towards a theory. We contend that changes in this stance are to be traced and explained by scientonomy. Thus, we formulate a new law of theory demarcation to account for changes in scientificity within the scientonomic framework. Suggested Modifications [Sciento-2018-0013]: Accept scientificity as a distinct epistemic stance that epistemic agents can take towards theories. Also accept the following questions as legitimate topics of scientonomic inquiry: Scientificity: How should scientificity be defined? Scientificity of Methods: Can the epistemic stance of scientificity be taken towards methods? Can there be unscientific or pseudoscientific methods? Scientificity of Questions: Can the epistemic stance of scientificity be taken towards questions? Can there be unscientific or pseudoscientific questions? [Sciento-2018-0014]: Accept the following law as a new scientonomic axiom: The Law of Theory Demarcation: if a theory satisfies the demarcation criteria of the method employed at the time, it becomes scientific; if it does not, it remains unscientific; if assessment is inconclusive, the theory’s status can become scientific, unscientific, or uncertain. Accept that the law of theory demarcation is not a tautology. Also accept the following questions as legitimate topics of scientonomic inquiry: Indicators of Theory Scientificity: What are the historical indicators of a theory’s scientificity? Can traditional indicators like textbooks, encyclopedias, conference proceedings, and journals be used to determine if evaluation by the demarcation criteria took place? Indicators of Conclusiveness for Scientificity Assessment: What are the historical indicators that an assessment by the demarcation criteria was conclusive or inconclusive? Does the lack of agreement or evidence count in favor of inconclusive assessment outcome?

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Straukaitė, Ieva. "MENO APIBRĖŽTIES PROBLEMA: MORRISO WEITZO METODO LOGINIS REDUKTYVIZMAS." Problemos 82 (January 1, 2012): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2012.0.735.

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Straipsnyje analizuojama šiuolaikinėje analitinėje meno filosofijoje daug diskusijų sukėlęs Morriso Weitzo bandymas įrodyti meno apibrėžties neįmanomumą. Tipologizuojami pagrindiniai šio įrodymo argumentai – lingvistinis, demarkacinis, episteminis ir metakritinis. Tvirtinama, kad Weitzo reduktyvistiniai argumentai yra nepakankami meno apibrėžties galimybei paneigti. Ši tezė grindžiama siekiant apginti „tradicinį“ esencializmą – atskleidžiant Clive’o Bello ir Benedetto Croce’s meno sampratų pagrindinius principus. Teigiama, kad Weitzo „panašumo sąlygų“ metodas remiasi per plačiais kriterijais, todėl neišsprendžia meno ir ne-meno atskyrimo problemos.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: meno apibrėžtis, analitinė meno filosofija, reduktyvizmas, esencialistinės meno teorijos, Morrisas Weitzas.Defining Art: Methodological Reductionism of Morris WeitzIeva StraukaitėSummaryThe article analyzes the argument for the impossibility of the definition of art by Morris Weitz which provoked a controversy in contemporary analytic philosophy of art. The typology of its basic components – the linguistical, the demarcational, the epistemic and the metacritical – is given. Weitz’s reductionist argumentation is asserted to be insufficient for denying the possibility of the definition of art. With the aim of defending “traditional” essentialism, this thesis is grounded by displaying the basic principles of Clive Bell’s and Benedetto Croce’s conceptions of art. Weitz’s method of “similarity conditions” is shown to be based on too broad criteria and thus to fail to solve the problem of the demarcation between art and non-art.Keywords: definition of art, analytic philosophy of art, essentialist theories of art, Morris Weitz.

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Balák, René. "Issue of the boundaries between good and evil in theological-moral discourse." Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN, no. 16 (December 2, 2021): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/snt.12639.

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Hardly any problem in contemporary theological-moral discourse causes such turbulence as the searching, reflection, and demarcation of the boundaries between good and evil in human acting. A fundamental problem is a criterion or a reference point according to which a person could reliably determine what is good and evil. Divergent theological views in the theological-moral dimension seem to have caused the clear boundaries between good and evil to disappear. Therefore, the crucial question is whether there is still a universal criterion for theological evaluation of a human act, as the situation in theological-moral discourse resembles an areopagus of opinions that have no common point in distinguishing between good and evil. This reflection examines the possibility if the Thomistic ethical analysis of a human act, together with the principle of double effect, may be a reference point for the demarcation of these boundaries.

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