Relevant bibliographies by topics / Demarcation problem

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Demarcation problem'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Demarcation problem"

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Fernandez-Beanato, Damian. "The Multicriterial Approach to the Problem of Demarcation." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 51, no. 3 (April 29, 2020): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-020-09507-5.

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Abstract The problem of demarcating science from nonscience remains unsolved. This article executes an analytical process of elimination of different demarcation proposals put forward since the professionalization of the philosophy of science, explaining why each of those proposals is unsatisfactory or incomplete. Then, it elaborates on how to execute an alternative multicriterial scientific demarcation project put forward by Mahner (2007, 521–522; 2013, 29–43). This project allows for the demarcation not only of science from non-science and from pseudoscience, but also of different types of sciences and of scientific fields (e.g., formal sciences, natural sciences, social sciences) from each other. This article also offers arguments in favor of accepting two types of scientific demarcations, namely epistemic-warrant scientific demarcations and territorial scientific demarcations, and argues in favor of accepting a territorially broad scientific demarcation.
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Tyynelä, Jenni, and Tim De Mey. "HISTORY'S DEMARCATION PROBLEM." History and Theory 51, no. 2 (May 2012): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2012.00625.x.

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Holman, Bennett, and Torsten Wilholt. "The new demarcation problem." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 91 (February 2022): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.11.011.

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Gordin, Michael D. "The Other Demarcation Problem." Isis 110, no. 4 (December 2019): 766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/706533.

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Zemmouri, Eugene. "Demarcation Problem: Knowledge and Creativity." nauka.me, no. 3 (2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s241328880013247-5.

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Morris, Robert L. "Parapsychology and the demarcation problem." Inquiry 30, no. 3 (January 1987): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00201748708602122.

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Zubkov, Nicolay A., and Elena A. Nikitina. "The Problem of Demarcation of Information Conflicts: Philosophical-Methodological Analysis." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 25, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2021-25-4-683-694.

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The phenomenon of information conflict at the moment is an actual research object of many social and humanitarian disciplines. On the other hand, there is a lack of fundamental theoretical, primarily philosophical and methodological, research on this issue. This is expressed, inter alia, in the absence of philosophical and methodological grounds for isolating an information conflict from the totality of all objectively observed communications, i.e. demarcation of the phenomenon. The problem of finding criteria for an information conflict is of key importance in the formation of the methodological foundations and categorical apparatus for studying this phenomenon. In this regard, the need to develop theoretical foundations for the demarcation of information conflict is an urgent research task. The object of this work is the phenomenon of information conflict as part of the communicative process. The subject of the research is the problem of demarcation of information conflicts from all aggregate communications. The purpose of the study is to describe and substantiate the existing object-oriented methodologies that allow for the demarcation procedure. The following tasks are adequately formulated for the purpose of the study: 1) describe the problem of demarcation; 2) identify the communicative grounds of the information conflict; 3) analyze and highlight the main approaches to the problem of demarcation of information conflict. The novelty of the work lies in the systematic description and structuring of methodological approaches to the problem of demarcation of information conflicts, as well as analysis of the boundaries of methodologies and approaches. In the course of the work, it was determined and proved that, relying solely on the theory of communication, it is impossible to adequately carry out the demarcation procedure; it is necessary to use additional, non-communicative demarcation criteria, which is due to the variety of demarcation approaches in various studies. In conclusion, conclusions are formulated about the limitations of object-oriented approaches for solving the problem of demarcation of information conflicts.
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Uyar, Tevfik. "A Secondary Tool for Demarcation Problem." kilikya 4, no. 3 (2017): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/kilikya20174315.

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Paulon, Moreno. "Pseudoscience Charges and the Demarcation Problem." Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2023): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2023.2.01.

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Philosophers of science have long tried to identify some demarcation line capable of distinguishing science from pseudoscience. Nonetheless, no ultimate set of requirements has so far been achieved, leaving demarcation uncertain and fluctuating, if not merely rhetorical. The habit of using the word ‘science’ to address a specific kind of knowledge is a modern practice, with ‘science’ having gradually taken over terms like ‘natural philosophy’ and ‘natural history.’ Thereby, the term ‘pseudoscience’ is also a recent one, with its meaning running alongside scientific endeavors of the nineteenth century. The article contributes to the debate aiming to pragmatically describe the function of pseudoscience in epistemology. To account for this, we argue that questions like What is pseudoscience? or What makes science science? would be better replaced by the question What do people do with the word pseudoscience?
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Sushchin, Mikhail. "THE PROBLEM OF DEMARCATION OF SCIENCE AND PSEUDOSCIENCE AND THE IDEA OF FAMILY RESEMBLANCE." Naukovedenie, no. 2 (2021): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/naukoved/2021.02.02.

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The problem of characterization scientific knowledge and its difference from other forms of activity has been discussed since antiquity. Nevertheless, in its modern guise, the problem of demarcation of science and non-science appeared in the works of logical positivists and their critic K. Popper. Thanks to their efforts, this problem has become one of the central problems of the philosophy of science of the XX century. However, the difficulties of the well-known classical and modern criteria of demarcation (including the verificationist and falsificationist criteria) prompted the American philosopher of science L. Laudan to declare «the demise of the demarcation problem». According to Laudan, any satisfactory criterion of demarcation must provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions, on the basis of which only it will be possible to distinguish between science and non-science. Meanwhile, based on the heterogeneity of the forms of scientific knowledge and long unsuccessful attempts to give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for what determines science, Laudan concluded that attempts to find the criterion of demarcation are futile. However, as further investigations have showed, Laudan may have been hasty in his conclusions. In particular, one of the promising approaches to the solution of the demarcation problem may be associated with the idea of family resemblance popularized by L. Wittgenstein and the application of developments from the field of fuzzy logic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Demarcation problem"

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Bergquist, Linda. "Vetenskap eller pseudovetenskap? : En utvärdering av giltigheten i Poppers kritik gentemot Freuds psykoanalytiska teori på basis av demarkationskriteriet." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-488.

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In this essay I evaluate the legality of Karl Popper’s criticism against psychoanalysis, regarding this theory of Freud’s being pseudoscientific. Popper’s criticism is based on his theory of demarcation in which he states that an empirical theory must be possible to test by observations in order to be, as most important is, hypothetically possible to falsify based on other empirical statements – often in the form of new found facts that contradict the original statement/theory. In purpose of assessing Popper’s criticism I perform a modified idea analysis, based on a book by Evert Vedung (1977). By referring both to Popper and to spokespersons of psychoanalysis I structure the arguments pro and contra Popper’s criticism, in order to then weigh these arguments against each other. My main conclusion is that psychoanalysis, regardless of Popper’s criticism, is in fact an empirical theory since it can be internally validated based on the observations made by a psychoanalyst. But according to the theory of demarcation psychoanalysis can not be tested based on observations, probably because Popper by ”observations” meant only those that can be made and validated by independent scientists.

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Isfåle, Linda. "Vetenskap eller pseudovetenskap? : En utvärdering av giltigheten i Poppers kritik gentemot Freuds psykoanalytiska teori på basis av demarkationskriteriet." Thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Humanvetenskapliga institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-488.

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In this essay I evaluate the legality of Karl Popper’s criticism against psychoanalysis, regarding this theory of Freud’s being pseudoscientific. Popper’s criticism is based on his theory of demarcation in which he states that an empirical theory must be possible to test by observations in order to be, as most important is, hypothetically possible to falsify based on other empirical statements – often in the form of new found facts that contradict the original statement/theory. In purpose of assessing Popper’s criticism I perform a modified idea analysis, based on a book by Evert Vedung (1977). By referring both to Popper and to spokespersons of psychoanalysis I structure the arguments pro and contra Popper’s criticism, in order to then weigh these arguments against each other. My main conclusion is that psychoanalysis, regardless of Popper’s criticism, is in fact an empirical theory since it can be internally validated based on the observations made by a psychoanalyst. But according to the theory of demarcation psychoanalysis can not be tested based on observations, probably because Popper by ”observations” meant only those that can be made and validated by independent scientists.
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Lu, Shang. "Demarcation Problems for Meta-Theories." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29267.

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The general aim of this thesis is to contribute to the discussion about the problem of Creeping Minimalism. The problem, as James Dreier (2004) introduced it, is that moral expressivism seems to lose its distinctiveness from moral realism when expressivists adopt minimalism to vindicate moral language in everyday discourses. In particular, the thesis argues two claims. The first claim is that the problem of Creeping Minimalism has no satisfactory solution in the literature so far, and it is unlikely that a satisfactory solution will be forthcoming. The second claim is that the problem of Creeping Minimalism is an instance of a more general problem, what I call the demarcation problem, for various mainstream meta-theories. The demarcation problem for a meta-theory is the problem that the demarcation made by that meta-theory between so-called ‘realist’ and ‘anti-realist’ discourses is trivialised in a global minimalist semantics. Meta-theories that face the demarcation problem include non-cognitivism, error theory, deflationism, epistemic pessimism, and possibly many more. Responses to the problem of Creeping Minimalism are categorised into three types. First, those that attempt to avoid the problem by rejecting minimalism once and for all; second, those that seek to avoid the problem by only partially accepting minimalism; and third, those that seek to solve the problem by reinterpreting expressivism within a global minimalist semantics. All three types of responses are unsatisfactory, and it is highly unlikely that any of them will eventually lead to a satisfactory solution. The demarcation problem for a meta-theory is lightweight if the triviality of its discriminative power is merely conditional: that is, the demarcation made by the meta-theory is trivial if advocates of that meta-theory adopt a global minimalist semantics. By contrast, a demarcation problem for a meta-theory is heavyweight if its advocates also have sufficient reasons to adopt a global minimalist semantics. I argue that mainstream meta-theories – including non-cognitivism, error theory, deflationism and epistemic pessimism – face at least lightweight demarcation problems, and, moreover, it is highly likely that those demarcation problems are heavyweight.
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Stasiūnaitė, Vidija. "Valstybės sienos demarkavimo teisinės ir praktinės problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090128_123910-76772.

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Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama Lietuvos Respublikos ir kaimyninių valstybių sienų raida ir bendra charakteristika, Europos Sąjungos valstybių sienų charakteristika ir demarkavimo ypatumai, Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės sienos delimitavimo, demarkavimo ir apsaugos svarba ir jų reglamentavimas nacionaliniuose, Europos Sąjungos ir kituose teisės aktuose. Atliekamas mokslinis tyrimas ir analizuojamos teisinės ir praktinės Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės sienos demarkavimo problemos, stabdančios demarkavimo darbus ir demarkuotos valstybės sienos linijos įteisinimą, pareikalavusios nemažai papildomų lėšų, o taip pat atsiradę aplinkybės neteisingam valstybės sienos linijos nustatymui. Darbe pateikiami išvados ir pasiūlymai dėl Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės sienos demarkavimo proceso optimizavimo. Tinkamas Lietuvos valstybės sienų nustatymas turi ypatingą reikšmę Lietuvos Respublikos teritorijos vientisumui ir valstybės suverenumui. Siekiant užtikrinti patikimą ir Europos Sąjungos reikalavimus atitinkantį išorės sienų apsaugos lygį, būtina, kad valstybių sienos būtų demarkuotos (nustatytos) ir juridiškai įteisintos. Vienas iš prioritetų, užtikrinant šalies nacionalinį saugumą yra patikima, Europos Sąjungos ir Šengeno šalių reikalavimus atitinkanti valstybės sienos apsauga ir jos kontrolė, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant išorės Europos Sąjungos sienos apsaugos užtikrinimui. Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės siena su Baltarusijos Respublika ir su Rusijos Federacija yra išorės ES sienos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This master’s thesis analyses the course of development of the border of Lithuania and the neighbouring counties and provides their general characteristics, analyses general characteristics and demarcation peculiarities of the borders of the EU states, the importance of such aspects of Lithuania’s border as its delimitation, demarcation and ensuring of the border security as well as relevant regulations set forth in the national, EU and other legal acts. A scientific research is made in regard to those legal and practical issues of the demarcation of the state border of the Republic of Lithuania, which impede the demarcation works and legalization of the demarcated border line and which make the process additional money consuming, as well as the circumstances of establishing an incorrect state border line. The thesis provides conclusions and proposals in regard to optimization of the border demarcation. A proper determination of the state borders of the Republic of Lithuania is of utmost importance to the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country. Demarcation and legitimization of the state border is an obligatory condition ensuring a reliable border security level in compliance with the EU requirements. As regards the national security, one of the priorities is an efficient protection and control of the state borders in conformity with the EU and Schengen requirements, especially those of protection of external EU borders. Due to the fact that Lithuania’s... [to full text]
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Walsh, Kirsten. "Has Laudan killed the demarcation problem?" 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7401.

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The ‘Demarcation Problem’ is to mark the boundary between things that are scientific and things that are not. Philosophers have worked on this problem for a long time, and yet there is still no consensus solution. Should we continue to hope, or must we draw a more sceptical conclusion? In his paper, ‘The Demise of the Demarcation Problem’, Larry Laudan (1983) does the latter. In this thesis, I address the three arguments he gives for this conclusion.
The Pessimistic Induction: From the failure of many specific past attempts at demarcation, Laudan infers that all future attempts at demarcation will fail. For his argument to be fully convincing, Laudan needs to show that each attempt has been a complete failure, and that these failures have never led to progress in the theory of demarcation. I argue that many past attempts at demarcation have only resulted in partial failure, and many of these failures have led to some cumulative progress. So I think we can draw a more optimistic conclusion: future attempts at demarcation may be even more successful than past attempts.
The Pseudo-Problem: Laudan argues that the demarcation problem presupposes an ‘epistemic invariant’: something common to all and only the sciences, which makes them epistemically special. But, says Laudan, this presumption is false – so, by definition, the issue is merely a pseudo-problem. I find Laudan’s argument unconvincing. I present reasons for thinking that the demarcation problem does not, in fact, presuppose an extremely simple epistemic invariant. Furthermore, there may still be a satisfactory, moderately complex epistemic invariant to be found. So I do not think any false assumption is presupposed.
The New Problem: Laudan argues that we should replace the original demarcation problem with a new demarcation problem. I take this to be the problem of demarcating between well-confirmed and ill-confirmed theories. I argue that scientific status is relevant to the confirmation of theories, so the two problems are closely related. I also argue that science has other purposes; so scientific status indicates other virtues besides well-confirmedness. Thus we do want to know which theories and activities are scientific, because this will help us to decide which theories and activities to pursue. So this new demarcation problem is not a suitable replacement for the original problem.
My central question is ‘Has Laudan killed the demarcation problem?’, and my answer is ‘No!’.
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Westre, Evan. "Reexamining the Problem of Demarcating Science and Pseudoscience." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5355.

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The demarcation problem aims to articulate the boundary between science and pseudoscience. Solutions to the problem have been notably raised by the logical positivists (verificationism), Karl Popper (falsificationism), and Imre Lakatos (methodology of research programmes). Due, largely, to the conclusions drawn by Larry Laudan, in a pivotal 1981 paper which dismissed the problem of demarcation as a “pseudo-problem”, the issue was brushed aside for years. Recently, however, there has been a revival of attempts to reexamine the demarcation problem and synthesize new solutions. My aim is to survey two of the contemporary attempts and to assess these approaches over and against the broader historical trajectory of the demarcation problem. These are the efforts of Nicholas Maxwell (aim-oriented empiricism), and Paul Hoyningen-Huene (systematicity). I suggest that the main virtue of the new attempts is that they promote a self-reflexive character within the sciences. A modern demarcation criterion should be sensitive towards the dynamic character of the sciences. Using, as an example, a case study of Traditional Chinese Medicine, I also suggest that the potential for conflict between demarcation conclusions and the empirical success of a pseudoscientific discipline is problematic. I question whether it is sensible to reject, as pseudoscientific, a discipline which seems to display empirical success in cases where the rival paradigm, contemporary western medicine, is not successful. Ultimately, I argue that there are both good theoretical and good pragmatic grounds to support further investigation into a demarcation criterion and that Laudan’s dismissal of the problem was premature.
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Books on the topic "Demarcation problem"

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Dean, Colin Leslie. The irrational and illogical nature of science and psychoanalysis: The demarcation of science and non-science is a pseudo problem : Freud invalidates and transcends the epistemology and enlightenments notions of science : science looses [sic] its position as a privileged and special method of truth. West Geelong, Victoria: Gamahucher Press, 2005.

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Pigliucci, Massimo. Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago Press, 2013.

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Pigliucci, Massimo, and Maarten Boudry. Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago Press, 2013.

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Philosophy Of Pseudoscience Reconsidering The Demarcation Problem. The University of Chicago Press, 2013.

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Philosophy Of Pseudoscience Reconsidering The Demarcation Problem. The University of Chicago Press, 2013.

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Sfetcu, Nicolae. Distinction Between Falsification and Refutation in the Demarcation Problem of Karl Popper. Independently Published, 2019.

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The distinction between falsification and refutation in the demarcation problem of Karl Popper. MultiMedia Publishing, 2019.

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Keil, Geert, and Ralf Stoecker. Disease as a vague and thick cluster concept. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722373.003.0003.

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This chapter relates the problem of demarcating the pathological from the non-pathological in psychiatry to the general problem of defining ‘disease’ in the philosophy of medicine. Section 2 revisits three prominent debates in medical nosology: naturalism versus normativism, the three dimensions of illness, sickness, and disease, and the demarcation problem. Sections 3–5 reformulate the demarcation problem in terms of semantic vagueness. ‘Disease’ exhibits vagueness of degree by drawing no sharp line in a continuum and is combinatorially vague because there are several criteria for the term’s use that might fall apart. Combinatorial vagueness explains why the other two debates appear hopeless: Should we construe ‘disease’ in a naturalistic or in a normative way? Neither answer is satisfactory. How should we balance the three dimensions of pathology? We do not have to, because illness, sickness and disease (narrowly conceived) are non-competing criteria for the application of the cluster term ‘disease’.
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Wood, Gordon S. Power and Liberty. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197546918.001.0001.

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This book covers major issues of constitutionalism in the American Revolution. It begins with the imperial debate over taxation and representation between the colonists and the British government. That debated climaxed with the Declaration of Independence. Each of the former colonies became republics and drew up written constitutions with several of them including bills of rights. These constitutions established patterns that later influenced the federal Constitution created in 1787, including bicameral legislatures, independent executives, and independent judiciaries. But because the Confederation of the states lacked the power to tax and regulate trade and the state legislatures were abusing their considerable power, the revolutionaries sought to solve both problems with a new federal Constitution in 1787. In addition to having to recognize the equality of each state in the Senate, the Convention faced the problem with slavery. Although most Americans thought that slavery was gradually dying, South Carolina and Georgia wanted to import more slaves and forced the Convention to guarantee twenty more years of slave importations and some protections for slavery in the Constitution. The institution that benefited most from the Revolution was the judiciary. It became very important in monitoring the demarcation between the public and the private realms that emerged from the Revolution.
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Beaman, Lori G. The Difference ‘Difference’ Makes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803485.003.0002.

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This chapter argues that the idea of difference and diversity rely to some extent on fixed identity categories, and that they in fact often reify those categories in socially harmful ways. It delves into the possibility of a more subtle approach, first by examining the idea of identity rigidity from a number of angles, and second by reflecting on the ways in which religion can be recognized as a lived phenomenon within which individuals are flexible, sometimes acting in contradictory ways that defy an easy categorization of their religious identities. The chapter posits that focusing on the social construction of diversity and the conditions under which the language of diversity emerges (particularly its demarcation as a problem to be solved) is a useful enterprise. By recovering the non-events of the everyday wherein so-called ordinary people employ strategies to successfully navigate difference, an alternative narrative of religious diversity can be constructed.
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Book chapters on the topic "Demarcation problem"

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Ludwig, David. "The Demarcation Problem of Conceptual Relativity." In European Studies in Philosophy of Science, 85–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22738-2_5.

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Ayala, Francisco J. "The Nature of Science and the Problem of Demarcation." In Spanish Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 123–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0305-0_6.

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Leiter, Brian. "The Demarcation Problem in Jurisprudence: A New Case for Skepticism." In Neutrality and Theory of Law, 161–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6067-7_8.

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Liangying, Xu. "The Problem of Demarcation of Periods in the History of Science." In Chinese Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, 185–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8717-4_15.

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Duarte, David. "Legal Science: The Demarcation Problem and the Perimeter of “Good Science”." In Legal Interpretation and Scientific Knowledge, 211–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18671-5_9.

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Welker, Michael. "The Demarcation Problem of Knowledge and Faith: Questions and Answers from Theology." In Knowledge and Space, 145–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5555-3_8.

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Gracia, Jorge J. E. "3. Individuation of Racial and Ethnic Groups: The Problems of Circularity and Demarcation." In Race or Ethnicity?, edited by Jorge J. E. Gracia, 78–100. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501727245-006.

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Giroux, Élodie. "Risk and Disease: Two Alternative Ways of Modelling Health Phenomena." In Philosophy and Medicine, 169–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62241-0_13.

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AbstractThe notion of risk questions our dominant and traditional medical approach to health phenomena: a binary normal-pathological model anchored in the pathophysiological framework. For risk factors which are continuous biological variables such as hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, the demarcation line between a level which would be ‘normal’, ‘at risk’, or ‘pathological’ is drawn in a conventional and non-fixed manner. Above all, these risk factors, which are the subject of preventive treatment, are increasingly considered as diseases in their own right. This shift would reinforce the pathologisation of human life and the associated problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. However, while it is easy to see the value of clarifying and specifying the distinction between ‘risk’ and ‘disease’ when dealing with those problems, finding the best way to do so remains challenging. In this chapter, I begin by describing the confusion between these two categories. I then show that the conceptual analysis, in particular, the naturalistic definition of disease, fails to provide a satisfactory distinction. Finally, I argue that this distinction can be better established if we understand the epidemiological risk approach as a different way of modelling health phenomena than the binary and categorical approach of pathophysiology.
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Tokumaru, Natsuka. "Popper's Analysis of the Problems of Induction and Demarcation and Mises' Justification of the Theoretical Social Sciences." In Rethinking Popper, 161–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9338-8_13.

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Ruiz-Mirazo, Kepa, and Alvaro Moreno. "On the Evolutionary Development of Biological Organization from Complex Prebiotic Chemistry." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 187–218. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38968-9_9.

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AbstractIn this chapter we offer a critical analysis of organizational models about the process of origins of life and, thereby, a reflection about life itself (understood in a general, minimal sense). We begin by demarcating the idea of organization as an explanatory construct, linking it to the complex relationships and transformations that the material parts of (proto-)biological systems establish to maintain themselves under non-equilibrium dynamic conditions. The diverse ways in which this basic idea has been applied within the prebiotic field are then reviewed in relative detail. We distinguish between “network” and “protocell” approaches, discussing their specific implications and explaining the greater relevance of the latter in the current state of affairs. Despite the key role that such organizational approaches play (and should keep playing) to advance on the problem of primordial biogenesis, the second half of our contribution is devoted to argue that they must be combined with other explanatory accounts, which go beyond the physiology of any single (proto-)organism. With that aim, we underline the fundamental differences between the autonomous, metabolic dynamics that individual (proto-)cells perform and the evolutionary and ecological dynamics that take place in a collective and trans-generational dimension. Apart from obvious gaps in the characteristic temporal and spatial scales involved, the corresponding causal and interactive regimes also reveal themselves as neatly distinct, what is reflected in the unpaired functional integration and the agent behavior displayed by biological individuals. Nevertheless, any living organism (and life in a wider, general sense) derives from the deep interweaving of those two phenomenological domains: namely, the “individual-metabolic” and the “collective-evolutionary” domains. At the end of the chapter, we propose the principle of dynamical decoupling as the core idea to develop a more comprehensive theoretical framework to understand how this intricate, causally asymmetric connection must be articulated during the actual process of biogenesis (as it happened here on Earth or anywhere else in the universe), so that life’s minimal complexity threshold is reached.
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Conference papers on the topic "Demarcation problem"

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Tsutomu, Hashimoto. "On demarcation problem between libertarianism and neoliberalism." In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg136_05.

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Shi, Yunbo, Haoyu Wang, Jun Liu, Binzhen Zhang, and Wendong Zhang. "Design and Experiment for High Overloading Piezoceramics Actuator Based on Adaptive Munition." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21274.

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Aimed at the problem that the existing piezoceramics actuator can’t withstand high overloading, based on work principle and high overloading environment of adaptive munition, a high overloading piezoceramics actuator was designed. According to the technologic flow manufactured the piezoceramics actuator sample, innovatively designed the elastic metal frame which is used to precompress piezoceramics actuator, ensured that this actuator has better rigidity and performance of anti-pull and anti-overloading, through the technique criteria demarcation and high overloading experiment of packed actuator to confirm that it has better capability of micro-displacement and anti-overloading, it can’t only satisfy the request of high overloading based on adaptive munition, but also apply to the high overloading micro-nano-actuating field of military defence, aviation and spaceflight etc.
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Parbhoo-Ebrahim, Naaliah, and Ina Fourie. "Pathways to research participant recruitment in a challenging information behaviour context: South African cold case investigators as exemplar." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2026.

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Introduction. Research participant recruitment is challenging – especially in vulnerable, stigmatised, high security, poorly demarcated contexts and contexts with diverse and interchangeable job labelling and poorly centralised reporting infrastructures. Cold case investigators in South Africa is an example of the latter. Method. Scoping literature review of information behaviour and other disciplines to note challenges and solutions in research participant recruitment. Analysis. Brief review of challenges noted in research methodology textbooks and applied thematic analysis mapped to problems and correlating solutions for research participant recruitment (various disciplines including information behaviour). Results. There are many challenges and solutions noted across disciplines including information behaviour e.g. job confidentiality, poor context demarcation, diverse and interchangeable job labels for the same context. Solutions reported include exploring related job/role labels, snowball sampling, non-intrusive social media methods. Conclusion. Based on experience with information search heuristics we suggest an additional novel approach for information behaviour research (and other) participant recruitment; a South African cold case investigator information behaviour study serves as exemplar to demonstrate how search heuristics can be used to identify potential research participants and solicit referrals for research participant recruitment.
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Thompsona, M. A., E. Le Roya, T. Lundquista, W. B. Thompsona, and C. Richardsonb. "Coaxial, Photon-Ion Technology Enables Direct Navigation to Buried Nodes on Planarized Surfaces, Including Silicon." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0409.

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Abstract The limitation of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and all charged beam technologies are their insensitivity to the internal composition of materials relative to surface composition. For the most part, charged particle technology cannot provide the resolution at a depth necessary for locating traces either buried under passivation or through silicon. Before CMP planarization was utilized in the industry, it was possible to correlate passivation topography with buried metal traces and manually navigate to the correct x-y coordinates necessary for edit placement. There was still a level of difficulty and CAD navigation helped immensely. With the advent of CMP-planarized metallization, CAD navigation became a necessity, yet still required passivation topography for precise alignment. Current manufacturing processes now planarize all layers, including the passivation, increasing the overall difficulty of navigation. Techniques of drilling “seeker” holes or surface demarcation using FIB and lasers to establish reference fiducials are used extensively [1,2]. Seeker holes and optical-to-FIB image correlation have been useful workarounds for the navigation-related problems presented by advanced ICs. In this paper we will discuss the advantages of Real-Time Optical Imaging coaxially integrated into the FIB, providing non-invasive navigation to nodes for front side and backside applications.
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Dymchenko, Olena, Valentyna Smachylo, Olha Rudachenko, and Nataliia Dril. "The formation of a startup ecosystem as a basis for increasing entrepreneurial activity: the experience of Ukraine." In 26th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2022.04.

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The development of entrepreneurship is the key to the economic growth of a democratic country with a market economy. The role of state and local authorities is to promote and increase entrepreneurial activity. An essential role in the development of entrepreneurship is played by startups as a special form of management, which is mainly aimed at innovative solutions to problems and satisfaction of needs. That is why the question arises in forming a complete and complex ecosystem for the development of entrepreneurship, where a startup ecosystem can be singled out separately. The purpose of this study is to develop a structural and logical model of a startup ecosystem based on the example of Ukraine. As a result of using a set of scientific research methods, a number of results were obtained. Based on the methods of structural and logical generalization, analysis, and synthesis, a theoretical interpretation of the basic categories of startup and startup ecosystem was provided. The study of literary sources on the essence of the startup ecosystem made it possible to establish its hierarchy and equality, which affects its content. Hierarchical demarcation (structuring) of the startup ecosystem of Ukraine was carried out, where 4 levels were distinguished: international (global), national, regional, and local. Features of each level are described. Based on the analysis of the constituent ecosystems, a structural and logical model of the startup ecosystem of Ukraine was developed and a description of its structural elements was carried out. Based on the structuring and comparative analysis of the components of the national startup ecosystem and foreign ones, directions for the further development of the startup ecosystem of Ukraine have been determined. Special attention is paid to the analysis and features of the formation of startup ecosystems at the local level, which includes the university level. The Ukrainian university start-up ecosystem and the stages of its implementation are presented in the example of the start-up ecosystem of the O.M. Beketov Kharkiv National University of Urban Economy, which is based on the theory of SMART specializations. The peculiarities of the activity and development of the start-up ecosystem of Ukraine in the conditions of the war with Russia have been determined.
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