To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Demand characteristics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Demand characteristics'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Demand characteristics.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ngai, Christopher. "Estimating the demand structure of housing characteristics: a nonparametric approach." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342186655.
Full text
2
Sturgis, Laura M. "Demand Characteristics in the Hypnotic Elicitation of Multiple Ego States." DigitalCommons@USU, 1986. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5942.
Full textAbstract:
Hypnotic elicitation of multiple ego states was explored using Hilgard's "hidden observer" paradigm. Twenty subjects in two groups: hypnosis and simulation were utilized to examine the impact of experimental demand characteristics on the production of multiple ego states. Self-report and hypnotist-report measures were obtained in a test-retest design. Multiple t-tests and chi-square analyses were computed with significant differences on key multiple ego state items found between groups. Results demonstrated retest reliability, but not inter-rater reliability of this dissociative phenomena, since hypnotists failed to discriminate real from "faked" hypnotic involvement. Exploration of multiple ego states using non-hypnotic control conditions and multiple dependent measures is suggested for future research.
3
Larkin, Sherry Lynn 1966. "Domestic meat demand structure shifts due to changing household characteristics." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278083.
Full textAbstract:
During the past two decades the fluctuation in the domestic consumption of meat products indicated precarious trends in meat consumption. Furthermore, changes in the prices of goods and income have not fully explained these trends, suggesting that demographic factors have influenced consumer tastes and preferences. Using an iterated procedure for estimating a system of demand equations the effects of own price, cross price, income, and selected household characteristics on the domestic demand for meat products were determined. The selected household characteristics consisted of health information, opportunity cost of time, and the desire for convenience. The significance of the cross price relationships, time trends, and demographic variables suggests certain consumer behavior patterns. These variables indicate that the increased availability of health information negatively affects those products which show visible fat, but not those ground or processed. The employment status of females does not influence meat consumption in any recognizable pattern. And, the acceptance of microwave ovens encourages the consumption of meat that is in ground or processed form, or packaged in small quantities.
4
Edouard, Josilien. "Characteristics of demand and supply of agroforestry tree germplasm in Kenya." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31714.pdf.
Full text
5
Pearce, Gregory T. "Negative pretrial publicity and juror verdicts testing the demand characteristics hypothesis /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/pearceg/gregorypearce.pdf.
Full text
6
Quon, G. "General manager characteristics, demand forecast accuracy, and decision quality in new firms." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2015. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/27719/.
Full textAbstract:
In today's complex and fast changing business environment, accurate demand forecasting is increasingly important to business decision making. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between general manager (GM) characteristic, demand forecast accuracy and decision quality in new firms. A framework is developed and posits that demand forecast accuracy in new firms is impacted by GM involvement, GM expertise and GM overconfidence. GM involvement in the forecasting process positively influences forecasters' work engagement in the activity. In turn, the effect of GM involvement on forecast accuracy is mediated by employee work engagement. The effect of GM involvement is also moderated by the type of organization culture that exists in the enterprise. Finally, in this model, demand forecast accuracy is seen having a direct impact on decision quality. Based on survey sample collected from 331 general managers/forecasters in new firms, the analysis results show that GM involvement and GM expertise affect forecast accuracy positively, while GM overconfidence affects forecast accuracy negatively. In addition, the effect of forecast accuracy on decision quality is positively supported. The study also concludes that the three dimensions of work engagement, consisting of vigor, dedication, absorption, partially mediate then effect of GM involvement on demand forecast accuracy. Further the results show that clan culture or market culture environments that exist within the firm can positively moderate the relationship between GM involvement and forecast accuracy, while adhocracy or hierarchy culture produces a negative interaction for GM involvement. The outcome of the research is important in drawing suggestions for organization process redesign that can improve forecast accuracy and enhance decision quality.
7
Hsu, Yu-Ting. "A generalized operational framework for mass evacuation integrating demand, supply, and disaster characteristics." Thesis, Purdue University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3604881.
Full textAbstract:
There has been an increasing focus in recent years on efficient response to large-scale disasters due to the severity of devastation under several natural and man-made disasters. From a transportation perspective, a key objective in this context is disaster-related mass evacuation to avoid/mitigate the potential loss of life. It addresses the movement of people (demand) from the region affected or threatened by a disaster to areas of safety using the available transportation system (supply). In an operational context, the mass evacuation problem is shaped by the dynamics of three underlying aspects: demand, supply, and disaster. Hence, it is critical to integrate the time-dependent effects, and consequent interactions, of these three aspects to determine effective evacuation strategies within a deployable framework. However, most current studies focus primarily on the supply-side management, while addressing the other two aspects in a comparatively notional or simplified manner. Additionally, there is the lack of systematic paradigms for real-time operation that capture the dynamics of the evacuation network resulting from the intricate interactions between these three aspects, especially evacuee behavior, evolving traffic conditions, and disaster spatio-temporal characteristics.
This dissertation proposes the concept of evacuation risk and behavior-consistent information strategies to develop a stage-based operational framework for mass evacuation that integrates the dynamics of demand, supply and disaster characteristics. Evacuation risk, a measure based on whether the population at a location in the affected region can be safely evacuated before the disaster impacts it, uses the estimated time-dependent lead time to disaster impact at a location and the estimated time-dependent clearance time based on evolving traffic conditions, to characterize the time-dependent risk associated with that location. Thereby, it factors the time-dependent effects of the supply and disaster characteristics to prioritize locations in terms of when they should be recommended to evacuate to mitigate the substantial impact of a large demand impinging on a finite transportation capacity in a short duration as is common under a mass evacuation scenario. The prioritization of the locations is done by determining evacuation risk zones (ERZs) based on their time-dependent evacuation risks. An innovative aspect of the concept of evacuation risk is that it enables the proposed framework to be independent of the specific characteristics of a disaster or disaster type. This feature enables the operational framework to be generalized relative to the disaster type and/or its characteristics, and represents a key departure from existing approaches in this domain.
The behavior-consistent information strategies of the disaster response operator provide evacuation recommendation and route guidance information to people in the disaster-affected region to minimize the total system travel time in that region. The strategies are behavior-consistent because they explicitly factor the disaster response operator's objectives and the estimation of evacuee response behavior to the provided information in the determination of the information strategies. This entails the consideration of the time-dependent interactions of the demand and supply characteristics. The evacuee behavior is modeled with several elements of realism. It factors emergent behavioral processes as the problem is characterized by a potential threat from the extreme event, time pressure, and herding mentality. It uses fuzzy logic to capture subjective and qualitative elements that govern evacuee decision-making under information provision. Due to limitation on the data availability in real-world operations, the associated behavior models are developed at an aggregate level, which allows model calibration based on measurable traffic data. A mixed logit structure is applied to accommodate the behavioral heterogeneity across individual evacuees. Together, this fidelity and realism in modeling the behavioral aspects of evacuation represent a key new capability to address disaster-related evacuation operations.
To enable real-time deployment from a computational standpoint, the stage-based framework is implemented using a rolling horizon approach by identifying an ERZ in each stage. The ERZ is a spatially bounded subzone of the affected region encompassing the population currently with the highest evacuation risk, in which the limited evacuation response resources (such as personnel and equipment) can be deployed to synergistically aid system performance under the information strategies adopted for that stage. Thereby, the ERZ-based strategies seamlessly integrate demand, supply and disaster characteristics to foster a generalized evacuation operational framework.
8
Dasigi, Shalini. "An Integrated Approach Linking Land Use and Socioeconomic Characteristics for Improving Travel Demand Forecasting." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427798330.
Full text
9
Ballard, Lance Dale. "Human-scaled personal mobility device performance characteristics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45930.
Full textAbstract:
Today, numerous alternative modes of mobility are emerging to provide a solution to the problems created by the automobile. This research envisions a future where transportation in urban areas will be dominated by small personal mobility devices (PMDs) instead of automobiles. This Intelligent Mobility System (IMS) would be a car-free zone where people travel by a shared-system of PMDs providing levels of mobility greater than walking but less than a car. This research effort focuses on the operational aspects of this future system by studying PMD performance characteristics as inputs for a computer simulation model of an IMS environment.
Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to evaluate the operations of PMDs that are currently used in a variety of settings. GPS recorders are used to log speed and location data each second of pedestrian, bicycle, Segway, and electric cart trips. Segway speed and acceleration are analyzed using three factors, sidewalk width, surface quality, and pedestrian density to study their effect on Segway speed.
Pedestrians have the lowest mean speed and the most narrow speed distribution. Segways, bicycles and electric carts have increasingly faster mean speeds and wider speed distributions, respectively. Segways and bicycles were found to have similar acceleration distributions. Segways seem to provide a level of speed and mobility between that of pedestrians and cyclists, meaning that Segways might capture new users by providing a level of mobility and convenience previously unseen.
Narrow sidewalk widths, poor sidewalk quality, and heavy pedestrian density all decreased Segway speeds. The researchers suspect that surface quality is likely an independent constraint for Segway speed and that sidewalk width and pedestrian density interact to limit Segway speeds under certain conditions. This research concludes that these external factors may affect PMD speed and should be considered when analyzing PMD mobility, especially in an IMS setting.
10
Toomhirun, Sontichai. "Study of residential demand for electricity as functions of load control schemes and dwelling characteristics." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80046.
Full textAbstract:
Residential demand is a large and important factor of the utility load during the system peak period. And the control of residential demand can make a significant change to the system load of the utility. This research is designed to study the residential end-use appliances under various direct load control schemes. These appliances are water heaters, air conditioners, and space heaters which are the major electrical demand of the residential load. The study will apply the LOADSIM, an Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) load simulation program, to conduct load control strategies of these residential appliances. The LOADSIM program can be applied both for cycling and shedding control strategies during a specified control period. In this study, the cycling control is done on an air conditioner and space heater. The water heating control is performed under shedding strategy.
The research has studied the appliance use of four house types under the same weather and control conditions. A total of 100,000 houses have been used in the study. These houses have the same dwelling and appliance characteristics but their house insulations are different. Diversity in house insulations gives different results in terms of load reduction and temperature change due to the load control. For example, a better-insulated house demands less electricity for its appliance than a low-insulated house. This study also uses the EPRl-LOADSIM program to estimate the load reduction and temperature change of each house type under the load control.Master of Science
11
Hogan, Lindsey R. "Comparing the 2010 and 2011 Appic Match: Applicant Characteristics and Unmatched Applicant Distress." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115097/.
Full textAbstract:
The internship is one of the most important components of doctoral training in professional psychology. Given the serious problem of the internship imbalance, applicant and program characteristics that constitute a good “fit” with internship training programs have become of greater interest as securing an internship becomes a more competitive process. This study surveyed internship applicants from programs part of the Council of University Directors of Clinical Psychology (CUDCP), before and after the 2010 and 2011 match days. Number of interview offers was found to be the factor most consistently associated with successfully matching, and several other applicant characteristics salient to matching and obtaining interview offers were identified, including applicant personality. Additionally, personal accounts, but not empirical evidence, of going unmatched have attested to the psychological distress associated with this event. in the current study, while going unmatched was not found to be equitable to a traumatic stressor, evidence was found to support significant decrease in subjective well-being with respect to immediate distress. Findings are discussed in terms of the predictability of and implications for the match process and internship imbalance, and recommendations are made for future research directions.
12
Sundquist, Kristina. "Individual health, neighborhood characteristics, and allocation of primary health care resources /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-595-6/.
Full text
13
Haubeltova, Libuse. "Case study of Airbnb listings in Berlin : Hedonic pricing approach to measuring demand for tourist accommodation characteristics." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29979.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this degree project is to reveal the Airbnb customer’s preferences and quantify the impact of non-market factors on the market price of tourist accommodation in Berlin, Germany. The data retrieved from Airbnb listings, publicly available on Inside Airbnb (2017), was supplemented on indicator of sharing economy accommodation using machine learning method in order to distinguish between amateur and business-running professional hosts. The main aim is to examine the consumers’ preferences and quantify the marginal effect of "real sharing economy" accommodation and other key variables on market price. This is accomplished by model approach using hedonic pricing method, which is used to estimate the economic value of particular attribute. Surprisingly, our data indicates the negative impact of sharing economy indicator on price. The set of motivations of consumers, which determine their valuation of Airbnb listings, was identified. The trade-off between encompass and parsimony of the set was desired in order to build an effective model. Calculation of proportion of explained variance showed that the price is affected mainly by number of accommodated persons, degree of privacy, number of bedrooms, cancellation policy, distance from the city centre and sharing economy indicator in decreasing order.
14
Hill, Theresa Y. "Understanding Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Process Characteristics in the Application of Printing Micro Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright156167105938597.
Full text
15
Howard, Eric John. "Bring the form back to planning: Using urban form characteristics to improve the predictability of transportation mode choice models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32014.
Full textAbstract:
The financial and environmental effects of traffic congestion and automobile-centric air pollution
continue to be problems that must be addressed within the United States. In response, travel
demand management (TDM) has emerged as a potential way to reduce automobile-based travel
in order to minimize these effects. TDM strategies are highly dependent on specific urban form
characteristics such as bicycle lanes, sidewalks, or transit facilities. A current gap exists in the
analytical tools available to transportation planners when evaluating TDM projects. The standard
transportation models do not take into account urban form characteristics in a systematic way.
These characteristics play an import role in an individualâ s selection of walking, bicycling, or
transit based travel modes. This gap needs to be filled in order to evaluate TDM projects with
the same decision-making rigor that is applied to road expansion projects.
The purpose of this project is to develop an enhanced transportation mode choice model that
presents a systematic approach for incorporating urban form characteristics. This approach
determines which elements of urban form have the strongest influence on transportation mode
choice behavior. This work is being done in conjunction with the Roanoke Valley Allegany
Metropolitan Planning Organization as a way to evaluate the potential of TDM projects in
promoting non-automobile forms of travel within the Roanoke region. This approach to
developing an enhanced transportation mode choice model is a step forward in address the gap
between TDM strategies and the tools needed to evaluate them.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
16
Mallard, David Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Resolving conflict in hypnosis." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19121.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigated the management of conflict between reality and suggestion during hypnosis. The eight experiments conducted for this thesis investigated the social, motivational, and cognitive factors that mediate participants? response to conflict during a negative visual hallucination. Chapter 1 reviews the relevant literature and presents the rationale for the program of research. Chapter 2 presents Experiments 1 and 2, which explored hypnotic participants? capacity to manage conflict under different conditions. The findings indicated that cognitive and behavioural strategies that allow participants to avoid conflict are useful, but not essential, in managing hypnotic conflict. Chapter 3 presents Experiment 3, which developed a paradigm that allowed conflict to be manipulated in a way that minimised response cues. The findings indicated that gradually and unobtrusively modifying a stimulus influenced participants? responses even though participants did not indicate any knowledge that the stimulus was manipulated. Chapter 4 presents Experiment 4, which investigated the relevance of hypnotisability and hypnosis to conflict management. The findings indicated that hypnosis provides a context in which hypnotisable participants are able to maintain their belief despite demanding levels of conflict. Chapter 5 presents Experiments 5 and 6, which focused on the role of social demands in participants? response to hypnotic conflict. The findings indicated that demand characteristics shape participants? interpretation of the appropriate response to conflict during an hypnotic suggestion. Chapter 6 presents Experiments 7 and 8, which addressed the relevance of cognitive processes to hypnotic conflict management. The findings indicated that participants used cognitive strategies to manage conflict that were appropriate to the suggestion, degree of conflict, and their individual abilities. Overall, the findings indicated that hypnotic participants? management of conflict involves motivated, strategic responding so as to maintain a belief that events are as communicated by the hypnotist. These issues are discussed within a theoretical perspective that is presented in Chapter 7. This perspective emphasises the hypnotisability of participants, the role of hypnotic induction, participants? interpretation of the desired response, the belief that participants develop in the reality of the suggested events, and the readiness of participants to employ conflict management strategies that produce the appropriate outcome.
17
Gonz?alez, Rico Antonio. "Growth characteristics and water demand of three Quercus species under reduced irrigation using a computer-controlled irrigation system /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487843314696831.
Full text
18
Gulati, Loveenia. "Characteristics and Treatment of Landfill Leachate and Optimization of Leachate Oxidation with Fenton's Reagent." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76771.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to characterize the leachate from a landfill in Pennsylvania that had been pretreated by activated sludge and propose the most efficient treatment for this effluent. These samples had been pretreated in a sequencing batch reactor that also was operated to remove nitrogen by nitrification/denitrification. The SBR samples were found to have low BOD, high COD, high TOC and a very low BOD/COD ratio. These SBR decant samples have poor UV transmittance and hence quench UV light. Five treatment methods were evaluated, coagulation, ultrafiltration, combined coagulation/ultrafiltration, combined ultrafiltration/oxidation and combined filtration/fentons. These processes were tested for their ability to remove BOD and TOC and also to evaluate the improvement in UV transmittance. It was found that coagulation; Ultrafiltration and Ultrafiltration combined with coagulation do not work in improving the transmittance properties though there is a significant BOD and TOC removal with these processes. Ultrafiltration combined with oxidation was found to work the best in terms of TOC removal. In this study, four oxidants, KMnO?, H?O?, NaOCl and Fenton's reagent were used. It was observed that Fenton's reagent was capable of removing 90% TOC at a dose of 1g/L each of iron salt and hydrogen peroxide at a pH of 4.5. Since Fentons reagent was found to be the most effective method, hence, efforts were made to optimize the oxidation process with Fenton's. The two parameters which were studied were the initial pH and the chemical dosage. The initial pH was varied from a value of 2.5 to 6.5. The range of iron salt and peroxide dose used was from 0.05 to 0.1 g/L. Additional studies were conducted using samples filtered through a 0.45 um filter and oxidized with Fenton's reagent. The Fenton's process for oxidation of filtrates from the 0.45?m filter was also optimized with respect to pH and chemical dosage to determine the most economical operating conditions. The maximum transmittance of 57% was obtained for an iron dose of 0.075 g/L and a peroxide dose of 0.075 g/L at a pH of 4.5. This is in comparison to the transmittance of unoxidized 1K ultrafiltrate which was found to be 21.5%. There was a significant difference in the performance of 1K and 0.45um filtrates in terms of TOC removal and percentage transmittance. The oxidation process for improving the UV transmittance of leachate can therefore be economically optimized depending upon the desired efficiency by varying the operational parameters.Master of Science
19
Gutierres, Dionísio Matrigani Mercado. "Análise da evolução da demanda por transportes associada à implantação de estações de metrô." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-15052014-161248/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação analisa a evolução da demanda por transportes associada à extensão de duas linhas Azul e Verde do Metrô de São Paulo, incluindo cinco estações que iniciaram operação em 1998. A análise usou dados de 1997 e 2007 das Pesquisas Origem e Destino, permitindo a comparação de características de viagem e socioeconômicas. Para cada linha, dois grupos de zonas foram identificadas próximo às novas estações: com impacto direto e com impacto indireto do Metrô. A análise comparou estes grupos geográficos entre eles e temporalmente, usando ambas as Pesquisas OD. Além disso, uma análise desagregada de duas variáveis associadas ao comportamento da demanda por viagem posse de auto e número de viagens foi realizada, objetivando identificar o impacto das novas estações. Os resultados indicam que cada extensão de linha se desenvolveu de forma diferente, em termos de distribuição de atividades e características socioeconômicas. Também, a análise desagregada sugere que o efeito de variáveis como renda familiar e distância até a estação mais próxima pode afetar famílias de forma diferente dependendo da proximidade da zona com o Metrô.This dissertation analyzes the evolution of transportation demand associated with the extension of two lines Blue and Green of the São Paulo Metro, including five stations that started operating in 1998. The analysis used data from the 1997 and 2007 Origin and Destination Surveys (Pesquisas Origem e Destino), allowing the comparison of travel and socioeconomic characteristics. For each line, two groups of zones were identified in the proximity of the new stations: with direct impact and with indirect impact from the Metrô. The analysis compared these geographic groups between them and in time, using both OD surveys. In addition, a disaggregate analysis of two travel behavior related variables auto ownership and number of trips was conducted, aiming to identify the impact of the new stations. The results indicate that each line extension developed differently, in terms of distribution of activities and socioeconomic characteristics. Also, the disaggregate analysis suggests that the effect of variables such as family income and distance to the nearest station may affect families differently depending on the zone proximity to the Metrô.
20
Dean, Brenda P. "Characteristics of Viable and Sustainable Workers for the Year 2015." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2904.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to forecast characteristics of valuable workers within Middle Eastern Tennessee for the year 2015. The following areas were studied as they related to the forecast: (1) the projected employment skill demands of business and industry; (2) the initiatives required and proposed by business and industry to meet their respective employment demands; and (3) the external support by education required for industry and business to meet their employment needs. The Delphi panel was composed of 22 business and industry leaders who were nominated by the county executive of the ten counties of the study, officials at Walters State Community College, and members of the Regional Private Industry Council. The major areas of industry, manufacturing, and health care were represented. In the first round of the study, panelists responded to a questionnaire consisting of 17 open-ended questions that related to the characteristics they perceive as needed by valuable workers for the year 2015. The narrative responses in round one revealed emerging consensus, which was narrowed by the second round iteration. In the second round of the Delphi, panelists responded to 55 items, each measured on a Likert scale and rank ordered the most critical characteristics or initiatives in each category. The results indicate a clear need for workers who possess a strong work ethic, an ability to adapt to the changing workplace, and the willingness and ability to learn, as opposed to purely technical expertise. The findings of the study suggest implications for better articulation between public school curricula and industrial needs.
21
Delin, Sofia. "Site-specific nitrogen fertilization demand in relation to plant available soil nitrogen and water : potential for prediction based on soil characteristics /." Skara : Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200506.pdf.
Full text
22
Burnett, A. D. "Political participation and consultation in the urban context : A study of the causes, characteristics and consequences of political demand-making in Portsmouth." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373179.
Full text
23
Aasa, Ulrika. "Ambulance Work : Relationships between occupational demands, individual characteristics and health-related outcomes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-478.
Full text
24
Kritzberg, David. "Is it not where you do it, but who you do it with? Companionship and relative ability as characteristics in recreational demand models." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3273664.
Full text
25
Kazaz, Ilker. "Dynamic Characteristics And Performance Assessment Of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611712/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The analytical tools used in displacement based design and assessment procedures require accurate strain limits to define the performance levels. Additionally, recently proposed changes to modeling and acceptance criteria in seismic regulations for both flexure and shear dominated reinforced concrete structural walls proves that a comprehensive study is required for improved limit state definitions and their corresponding values. This is due to limitations in the experimental setups, such that most previous tests used a single actuator at the top of the wall, which does not reflect the actual loading condition, and infeasibility of performing tests of walls of actual size in actual structural configuration. This study utilizes a well calibrated finite element modeling tool to investigate the relationship between the global drift, section rotation and curvature, and local concrete and steel strains at the extreme fiber of rectangular structural walls. Functions defining more exact limits of modeling parameters and acceptance criteria for rectangular reinforced concrete walls were developed. This way a strict evaluation of the requirements embedded in the Turkish Seismic Code and other design guidelines has become possible. Several other aspects of performance evaluation of structural walls were studied also. Accurate finite element modeling strategies and analytical models of wall and frame-wall systems were developed for seismic response calculations. The models are able to calculate both the static and dynamic characteristics of wall type buildings efficiently. Seismic responses of wall type buildings characterized with increasing wall area in the plan were analyzed under design spectrum compatible normal ground motions.
26
Jankowski, Michael [Verfasser], Markus S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Tepe, and Torsten J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Selck. "Candidate characteristics, party positions and voter heuristics: analyzing the political supply- and demand-side of politics / Michael Jankowski ; Markus S. Tepe, Torsten J. Selck." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126105791/34.
Full text
27
Dillingham, Reggie T. "A latent-class discrete-choice model to demonstrate how course attributes and student characteristics influence demand for economics electives| The challenge to increase enrollment." Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10240242.
Full textAbstract:
A primary goal of universities is to maximize student enrollment by improving course curriculum and enhancing specific programs. This is especially a challenge for smaller universities who want to offer specialized and highly diverse electives. This study aims to increase the quality and relevance of electives offered by understanding specifically what attributes students prefer more or less when choosing among alternatives. The results are used to explore how to use limited marketing and student-outreach financial resources to target students that are most likely to enter and complete courses and programs, based in part on their socioeconomic or demographic characteristics. The application is aimed at the economics unit at Michigan Technological University, which offers two programs: an undergraduate economics major and a master’s program in applied natural resource economics. Using an efficiently-designed discrete-choice experiment, this study elicits over 700 students’ stated preferences over a variety of attributes of economics courses related to the natural environment. Students were surveyed, and each student was presented with six different pairwise choice options that were developed based on 36 different alternative courses consisting of 8 attributes, such as class topics, professor rank, time of day, and research requirement. There were three significant covariates (political preference, economic interest, and domestic/foreign status). A latent-class discrete-choice random-utility model is estimated to probabilistically group students into different preference classes. Four preference classes emerge from the results that are highly heterogeneous in terms of the marginal utilities and the probabilities of being in a given class. For example, the largest class (40%) is made up of mostly conservative students, and the smallest class (12%) is made almost entirely of liberal students. While this study and the applicability of the specific results is unique to Michigan Technological University, the use of stated preference surveys and latent-class models is highly flexible and can be applied to any program at any university
28
Cook, Philip S. "User fee for wilderness recreation: a comparison of user characteristics and travel cost demand functions for Linville Gorge wilderness area and Grandfather Mountain backcountry, North Carolina." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104313.
Full text
29
Ozuduru, Burcu H. "An empirical analysis of shopping center locations in Ohio." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157038477.
Full text
30
Auchter, Katharine. "AN ANALYSIS OF KENTUCKY EQUESTRIAN TRAIL RIDERS: DETERMINING RIDER BEHAVIORS AND VALUING SITE AMENITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO REPEAT VISITS." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/572.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this travel cost study is to determine how rider behaviors and site characteristics influence repeat visits for equestrian trail riding in Kentucky. Primary data was collected via a survey developed and administered to trail riders in person and online. The average surveyed trail rider tends to be female, about 46 years old, with some higher education, and an annual household income of $65,000. She makes 11 trips to a specified site per year, 8 of which are daytrips, usually in the fall, and traveling 132 miles round trip. From other information gathered, an index of trail characteristics was developed to identify positive attributes of trails. To account for overdispersion of the number of visits per year, a negative binomial distribution in the estimation was used. The primary variables significant to explaining repeat visits to a site include distance in miles, the index of characteristics, and gender. Given consumer surplus estimates of $800 per equestrian it is recommended that established trails maximize desired characteristics. For new trail development it is recommended that trail characteristics are maximized and that they are built closer to the urban areas of the state since most riders are coming from these areas.
31
Andersson, Erik. "PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS DETERMINING CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING PERFORMANCE." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27898.
Full textAbstract:
Cross-country (c.c.) skiing is a complex sport discipline from both physiological and biomechanical perspectives, with varying course topographies that require different proportions of the involved sub-techniques to be utilised. A relatively new event in c.c. skiing is the sprint race, involving four separate heats, each lasting 2-4 min, with diverse demands from distance races associated with longer durations. Therefore, the overall aim of the current thesis has been to examine the biomechanical and physiological factors associated with sprint c.c. skiing performance through novel measurements conducted both in the field (Studies I-III) and the laboratory (Studies IV and V). In Study I sprint skiing velocities and sub-techniques were analysed with a differential global navigation satellite system in combination with video recording. In Studies II and III the effects of an increasing velocity (moderate, high and maximal) on the biomechanics of uphill classical skiing with the diagonal stride (DS) (Study II) and herringbone (HB) (Study III) sub-techniques were examined. In Study I the skiers completed the 1,425 m (2 x 712 m) sprint time trial (STT) in 207 s, at an average velocity of 24.8 km/h, with multiple technique transitions (range: 21-34) between skiing techniques (i.e., the different gears [G2-7]). A pacing strategy involving a fast start followed by a gradual slowing down (i.e., positive pacing) was employed as indicated by the 2.9% faster first than second lap. The slower second lap was primarily related to a slower (12.9%) uphill velocity with a shift from G3 towards a greater use of G2. The maximal oxygen uptake ( O2max) was related to the ability to maintain uphill skiing velocity and the fastest skiers used G3 to a greater extent than G2. In addition, maximal speed over short distances (50 and 20 m) with the G3 and double poling (DP) sub-techniques exerted an important impact on STT performance. Study II demonstrated that during uphill skiing (7.5°) with DS, skiers increased cycle rate and cycle length from moderate to high velocity, while cycle rate increased and cycle length decreased at maximal velocity. Absolute poling, gliding and kick times became gradually shorter with an elevated velocity. The rate of pole and leg force development increased with elevated velocity and the development of leg force in the normal direction was substantially faster during skiing on snow than previous findings for roller skiing, although the peak force was similar in both cases. The fastest skiers applied greater peak leg forces over shorter durations. Study III revealed that when employing the HB technique on a steep uphill slope (15°), the skiers positioned their skis laterally (“V” between 25 to 30°) and planted their poles at a slight lateral angle (8 to 12°), with most of the propulsive force being exerted on the inside forefoot. Of the total propulsive force, 77% was generated by the legs. The cycle rate increased across all three velocities (from 1.20 to 1.60 Hz), while cycle length only increased from moderate to high velocity (from 2.0 to 2.3 m). Finally, the magnitude and rate of leg force generation are important determinants of both DS and HB skiing performance, although the rate is more important in connection with DS, since this sub-technique involves gliding. In Studies IV and V skiers performed pre-tests for determination of gross efficiency (GE), O2max, and Vmax on a treadmill. The main performance test involved four self-paced STTs on a treadmill over a 1,300-m simulated course including three flat (1°) DP sections interspersed with two uphill (7°) DS sections. The modified GE method for estimating anaerobic energy production during skiing on varying terrain employed in Study IV revealed that the relative aerobic and anaerobic energy contributions were 82% and 18%, respectively, during the 232 s of skiing, with an accumulated oxygen (O2) deficit of 45 mL/kg. The STT performance time was largely explained by the GE (53%), followed by O2 (30%) and O2 deficit (15%). Therefore, training strategies designed to reduce energetic cost and improve GE should be examined in greater detail. In Study V metabolic responses and pacing strategies during the four successive STTs were investigated. The first and the last trials were the fastest (both 228 s) and were associated with both a substantially larger and a more rapid anaerobic energy supply, while the average O2 during all four STTs was similar. The individual variation in STT performance was explained primarily (69%) by the variation in O2 deficit. Furthermore, positive pacing was employed throughout all the STTs, but the pacing strategy became more even after the first trial. In addition, considerably higher (~ 30%) metabolic rates were generated on the uphill than on the flat sections of the course, reflecting an irregular production of anaerobic energy. Altogether, a fast start appears important for STT performance and high work rates during uphill skiing may exert a more pronounced impact on skiing performance outdoors, due to the reduction in velocity fluctuations and thereby overall air-drag.Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 5 inskickat
At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 5 submitted
32
O'Hare, Steven James. "The influence of structure in supply and demand on the performance characteristics of road traffic networks : an exploration of how methodological approaches from network science can be implemented for a transportation research problem." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9151/.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, researchers in the field of Network Science have begun to study how the structural properties of road traffic networks affect their performance characteristics. An understanding of how different structures of network infrastructure and travel demand combine to yield different performance characteristics would be useful because it could help identify how existing road traffic networks could be used more effectively or how structural features, which yield desirable performance characteristics, could be built into the construction of new road traffic networks. Thus far, however, these studies have been restricted to numerical experiments with synthetic networks that do not provide plausible representations of real road traffic networks. Furthermore, these studies have used a disparate range of parameter settings for supply and demand structure, making it difficult to generalise their findings, and have provided no explanations for their conclusions. To address these deficiencies, this thesis proposes an investigative framework for studying the effects of structure on the performance characteristics of road traffic networks. This framework comprises an experimental part, which describes how to design and conduct numerical experiments so as to provide useful insights into how performance varies with respect to specific aspects of network structure; and an analytical part, which focuses on developing explanations for patterns uncovered numerically. This thesis then demonstrates the application of this framework to an investigation of how two performance indicators; the average link Volume-to-Capacity ratio and the Price of Anarchy, vary with respect to four aspects of road traffic network structure. As part of this investigation, a simple model of road network generation is presented that produces spectrums of plausible, synthetic road traffic network ensembles, which vary with respect to specific aspects of structure. Focussing on the variation of the Price of Anarchy with travel demand, this thesis then establishes theory that explains several features of the variation shown numerically.
33
Pitombo, Cira Souza. "Estudos de relações entre variáveis socioeconômicas, de uso do solo, participação em atividades e padrões de viagens encadeadas urbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-29062007-104354/.
Full textAbstract:
Um dos tópicos mais importantes na análise de demanda por transportes é a relação entre as necessidades individuais de realização de atividades geograficamente distribuídas, a estrutura urbana, as características individuais e domiciliares, o sistema de transporte e as diferenças no comportamento relacionado a viagens. Isto motivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, que tem como objetivo principal analisar o comportamento individual subjacente ao encadeamento de viagens sob a perspectiva de três grupos de variáveis: (1) participação em atividades; (2) características socioeconômicas; e (3) uso do solo. Há dois objetivos secundários, fundamentais para se atingir a finalidade do trabalho: (a) propor um conjunto de variáveis de uso do solo; e (b) testar a significância do grupo de variáveis ora proposto. Este trabalho baseou-se nos dados da pesquisa origem-destino de 1997 da região metropolitana de São Paulo, sendo extraídas e analisadas seis amostras finais que foram caracterizadas por setor econômico (no caso de trabalhadores) e grau de instrução (no caso de estudantes). Com utilização conjunta de técnicas de análise multivariadas, confirmatórias e exploratórias, foi possível representar a variável dependente (Análise de Cluster), bem como encontrar relações entre variáveis envolvidas (Árvore de Decisão) e, finalmente, mensurar a significância estatística das variáveis independentes (Regressão Linear Múltipla). Através dos resultados obtidos, foi possível analisar a influência dos três grupos de variáveis na seqüência de viagens: (1) variáveis socioeconômicas (renda familiar, usa vale transporte, nº provável de carteiras de habilitação no domicílio, idade, nº de automóveis no domicílio) afetam principalmente a seqüência de modos de transporte utilizados durante as viagens; (2) participação em atividades (estuda, trabalha) interfere na seqüência de motivos de viagem; e, enfim, (3) variáveis de uso do solo (parcela acumulada de empregos ou escolas por faixas de distância a partir do centróide da zona de residência) influenciam a seqüência de destinos escolhidos. Espera-se que o presente trabalho constitua uma contribuição ao meio acadêmico, tanto em termos de representação da intensidade e distribuição geográfica das atividades no meio urbano (variáveis de uso do solo), quanto em relação à influência de tais variáveis nos deslocamentos dos indivíduos.One of the most important topics in transportation demand is the relationship between individual needs to carry out geographically distributed activities, urban configuration, individual and household characteristics, transportation system and travel behavior. For that reason, the main aim of this work is to analyze the individual trip-chaining behavior in terms of three variables groups: (1) activity participation; (2) socioeconomic characteristics; and (3) land use. There are also two secondary objectives derived from the main objective: (a) to propose one set of land use variables; and (b) to verify the statistical significance of the created land use group variables. This work was based on the origin-destination survey carried out in the São Paulo metropolitan area in 1997, from which six final samples were extracted, analyzed and characterized by economic sector (for workers) and level of education (for students). Applying multivariate analysis techniques, confirmatory and exploratory, it was possible to represent the dependent variable (Cluster Analysis), as well as to find relationships between the concerned variables (Decision Tree) and, finally, to measure the statistical significance of the independent variables (Multiple Regression). From the results, it was possible to analyze the influence of the three variables groups on trip-chaining: (1) socioeconomic variables (household income, transit voucher use, probable number of driver licenses per household, age, car-ownership) affect the travel mode sequence used for the trips; (2) activity participation (study, work) has an effect on the trip purpose sequence; and (3) land use variables (accumulated proportion of jobs or schools by distance buffers starting from the residence zone centroid) influence the sequence of chosen destinations. It is expected that the present work could be a contribution to the scientific community for the representation of the activities level and their geographic distribution in the urban configuration (land use variables), and the influence of such variables on individuals displacements.
34
Bloomfield, Jonathan R. "Soccer : physical characteristics, physical demands of match-play and effective physical conditioning." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5666.
Full textAbstract:
The overall purpose of this thesis was to examine the physical aspects of high performance soccer. As such, four interrelated studies were designed to pursue this purpose. Each study was designed to overcome certain distinct methodological limitations of previous science and football (soccer) research and build upon existing research. The research designs for each of the four studies were methodologically different and progressed from previous research design incorporating data collected and analysed from text and internet sources, computerised video-analysis of interactive televised material and combined performance and laboratory assessments. In the following section the purpose of each study included in this thesis is provided and the rationale underpinning the selection of each research design is explained. Study 1: Analysis of Age, Stature, Body Mass, BNH and Quality of Elite Soccer Players from four European Leagues For many sports, there are specific physical characteristics that indicate suitability for, or potential to compete in that sport at the highest level. Various anthropometric characteristics of athletes have been shown to be reasonable predictors for participation at the highest level in sports such as swimming (Ackland et al., 1993), basketball, rugby league and American football (Norton and Olds, 2000). Surprisingly, there is no research available exploring these characteristics in soccer, particularly within the elite European soccer. It might well be that the recent changes in demands in soccer( Williams et al., 1999) PhD Thesis 6 Jonathan R- Bloomfield have been accompanied by physical characteristic changes in soccer players that have been of greater magnitude than that of the normal population. This is an important issue because even small changes in these physical characteristics of players could result in a large reduction in the pool of people to draw from in the general population who have the suitable physical characteristics to be successful in soccer (Olds, 2001). Furthermore, the comparison of players in different leagues and in different positions might provide some valuable information regarding the different demands placed on soccer players in different leagues (Reilly et al, 2000a; Rienzi et al, 2000; Strudwick et al., 2002). It is well documented that different positions in soccer constitute various different demands. Such findings suggest heterogeneity in physical characteristics that might be important for success in particular positions in soccer (Strudwick et al., 2002). The first aim of the present study was to investigate whether there are physical differences (age, stature, body mass, body mass index) between players in different positions in four European soccer leagues. This will also provide information into the diversity in playing style as well as the variation in what is being valued in soccer players in the various countries. This results in valuable information for the adaptation of different physical conditioning regimes as well as implications for talent identification (Fisher and Dean, 1998). The second aim of the present study was to assess the quality of the players of each of the four European leagues by surveying their international status, nationality and FIFA world ranking as well as participation in the FIFA World Cup 2002. This will offer information regarding the actual quality of international players within these leagues which, in turn, provides information about which league would be of the highest quality, differences in playing style and player selection. As the four leading European leagues were selected for analysis, the results provide beneficial information concerning the current status and possible future development of European soccer. Study 2: The 'Bloomfield Movement Classification': Motion Analysis of Individual Soccer Players In close relation with the investigation of the physical characteristics of elite level players, it was also aimed to identify the physical demands of performance. Computerised video-analysis was selected as the most appropriate platform to incorporate a study using the time-motion analysis methodology. This involves the notation of various subjectively or objectively chosen modes of motion which are digitally timed throughout the performance. To date, fewer than 8 modes of motion have often been chosen in time-motion investigation in soccer which arguably does not provide a sufficient degree of specificity to detail the physical demands. A high element of performance specificity must be established to elicit a high degree of transfer from competition into a training regime to optimise competitive performance (Henry, 1968; Barnett et al., 1973; Sale and MacDougall, 1981; Rosenbaum, 1987; Morrissey et al., 1995; Hill et al., 1998). The present study outlined a new approach to time-motion analysis through a method involving a greater depth of detail concerning modes of timed-motion, as well as other non-timed movements, directions, intensities, turning and 'On the Ball' categories. The aim of this study was to present a new methodology and establish reliability. The purpose was to provide a new method to perform a more detailed time-motion analysis study in soccer performance to be used in the third study of this thesis. PhD Thesis 8 Jonathan R. Bloomfield Study 3: Physical Demands of Outfield Positions in FA Premier League Soccer. To elicit an enhancement in soccer performance, it is considered important to analyse the physical demands of match-play (Reilly and Thomas, 1976; All and Farrally, 1991a; Hughes, 2003). Time-motion analysis has been used to investigate these demands. However, many limitations exist with previous research, one of which being the range of classifications used in the collection of data- A high degree of performance specificity is desired to improve coaching practices such as physical conditioning (Barnett et al., 1973). To this end, a new time-motion analysis methodology was designed (see Study 2) and aimed at providing a new level of specificity of performance into the physical demands of high level soccer. Also, the majority of soccer-related time-motion analyses have reported macroscopically with total frequency, total duration or total distance covered providing a summary of the overall physical requirements of soccer. As soccer match-play is essentially an intermittent exercise (Bangsbo, 1994e), it is important to progress the knowledge of the physical nature of the sport and further provide a higher level of specific detail. The aims of the present study were to provide detail regarding intermittent patterns of Purposeful Movement (PM) and Recovery (R), performed by players of three different positions (defender, midfielder and striker), to investigate the reoccurrence of bouts of PM and R within selected time phases and finally provide time-motion analysis of the PM using the BMC. PhD Study 4: Effective Conditioning for Soccer Match-Play The interaction of multiple dynamic physical activities often produces a hybrid of physiological and biomechanical stresses. Higher levels of soccer require increased levels of physical fitness through increased demands from high intensity activity (O'Donoghue et al., 2001; Strudwick and Reffly, 2001; Mohr et al., 2003). Therefore, increased ability to perform complex chains of movement skills (agility) in conjuncture with speed (both acceleration and deceleration) and quickness (overcoming inertia) are relative to high level performance (Withers et al., 1982; Bangsbo, 1992; Reilly, 1994a). This occurs through processes of motor learning and physical conditioning with the rules of specificity and overload as key underlying principles.
35
Carter, Kameron M. "Matched delegation: linking work design characteristics, team roles, and demands of work." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6387.
Full textAbstract:
Delegation research has traditionally focused on delegation as a whole—how much or how little a leader or supervisor is willing to allocate tasks to their subordinates. Although past research has indicated the importance of delegation for team performance, it has often overlooked one of the main aspects touted by practitioners, choosing the right person for the job. In an effort to provide a more nuanced view of delegation and if the right person is being chosen for the job, this dissertation integrates the theory of work design with delegation while introducing the concept of matched delegation: delegating a task to the individual whose abilities most closely match the demands of the task where individuals receive decision-making authority for tasks that neither exceeds nor discounts their abilities, but rather most closely matches the extent of their abilities. With this, I propose a model whereby two work characteristics (i.e., physical propinquity and psychological safety) influence matched delegation decisions of team leaders and where matched delegation positively impacts team performance. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 519 primary care professionals (PCPs) and their surrounding team members (i.e., a registered nurse, a licensed practical nurse, and an administrative associate) from patient centered medical homes from the Veteran’s Health Administration (VHA). Results showed that neither physical propinquity nor PCP psychological safety significantly influenced matched delegation of tasks to any of the three team members; however, team performance was significantly enhanced by matched delegation to some roles. Although these results provide some indication as to the importance of matched delegation, the mixed results might be due to the unwillingness of PCPs to give up control of tasks. I discuss the theoretical and practical implications, as well as the limitations and directions for future research within the VHA as well as for research studying delegators’ decisions and team processes and performance.
36
Abdelfattah, Amr Nabil A. "Optimization and Algorithms for Wireless Networks: Enhancing Problem Solvability, Channel Bonding Under Demand Stochasticity, and Receiver Characteristic Awareness." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81700.
Full textAbstract:
5G networks appear on the horizon with distinguished Quality of Service (QoS) requirements such as aggregated data rate and latency.
Managing such networks in either a distributed or centralized manner to best utilize the available scarce resources is still a big challenge.
Better mechanisms are needed for resource allocation.
In this dissertation, we discuss three distinct research problems related to this theme.
The first part addresses enhancing the solvability of network optimization problems.
For the class of problems studied, we show that a traditionally-formulated model is insufficient from a problem-solving perspective.
When the size of the problem increases, even state-of-the-art optimizers cannot obtain an optimal solution because of memory constraints.
We show that augmenting the model with suitable additional constraints and structure enables the optimizer to derive optimal solutions, or significantly reduce the optimality gap.
The second problem is optimal channel bonding in wireless LANs under demand uncertainty.
An access point (AP) can aggregate multiple contiguous channels to satisfy demand.
We discuss how to optimally utilize available frequency bands under uncertainty in AP demand using two stochastic optimization frameworks: a static scheme which minimizes the total occupied bandwidth while satisfying the demand of each AP with probability at least $beta$ and an adaptive scheme that allows adaptability of the bandwidth allocation in response to the AP demand variations.
Given its complexity, we propose a novel framework to solve the adaptive stochastic optimization problem efficiently.
The third problem is to allocate resources with receiver characteristic awareness in a multiple radio access technology environment.
We propose a novel adjacent channel interference (ACI)-aware joint channel and power allocation framework that takes into account receiver imperfections arising due to
(i) imperfect image frequency rejection and
(ii) analog-to-digital converter aliasing.
As the overall problem is in the form of Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming (MILP) which is NP-hard, we develop an efficient algorithm to solve it.Ph. D.
37
Nel, Jan Alewyn. "Job characteristics, emotional intelligence and wellness in a nursing environment / J.A. Nel." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1106.
Full textAbstract:
Nurses of today have many more responsibilities and duties they must cope with. With the HIV
and AIDS numbers rising in South Africa it is important that the morale of nurses be kept
healthy. The strain of their work environment can be hard to cope with, so it is necessary that
nurses learn how to manage their emotions when working in order to avoid burnout and
disengagement from happening. and to make better use of job resources.
The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, job
characteristics. burnout and engagement within the nursing environment in South Africa. A
cross-sectional survey design was used. A non-probability convenience sample was taken from
511 nurses in hospitals and clinics in the Gauteng- and North-West Provinces. The Emotional
Intelligence Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory) - Human Services Survey, Utrecht Work
Engagement Scale and Work Evaluation Scale were used as measuring instruments. Cronbach
alpha coefficients. Pearson-product correlation coefficients and Spearman-product correlation
coefficients were used to analyse the data.
The results showed that positive state is positively related to vigour/dedication, professional
efficacy. own emotions: emotions: other and emotional management. Own emotions and
emotional management also correlated positively with professional efficacy and emotions: other.
Workload and communication demands are positively related to payment, emotional labour,
work environment and emotional exhaustion. The results also identified emotional exhaustion
and mental exhaustion to be negatively related to vigour/dedication. while emotional exhaustion
is positively related to mental exhaustion, job security, and staff support. Payment correlates
positively with staff support, while emotional labour and overtime are positively related to work
environment. The proposed structural model show that there are clear paths between job
demands and job resources; job demands. emotional intelligence and work wellness; job
resources, emotional intelligence and work wellness: job demands and burnout; and job
resources and work wellness.
Recommendations were made for the nursing profession and for future research purposes.Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
38
Lee, Hamilton, and n/a. "Competitive mountain bike and road cycling: physiological characteristics of athletes and demands of competition." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.110406.
Full textAbstract:
Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road
cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of
similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the
present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of
competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists.
Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road)
completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental
cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output
profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race
were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT),
semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and
criterium (CRIT) road races.
Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf.
These results indicate that success in international MTB racing
requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean
physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more
constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity
surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these
unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.
39
Aguiar, Marcelo Figueiredo Massulo. "Redução no tamanho da amostra de pesquisas de entrevistas domiciliares para planejamento de transportes: uma verificação preliminar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-28032014-193530/.
Full textAbstract:
O trabalho tem por principal objetivo verificar, preliminarmente, a possibilidade de reduzir a quantidade de indivíduos na amostra de Pesquisa de Entrevistas Domiciliares, sem prejudicar a qualidade e representatividade da mesma. Analisar a influência das características espaciais e de uso de solo da área urbana constitui o objetivo intermediário. Para ambos os objetivos, a principal ferramenta utilizada foi o minerador de dados denominado Árvore de Decisão e Classificação contido no software S-Plus 6.1, que encontra as relações entre as características socioeconômicas dos indivíduos, as características espaciais e de uso de solo da área urbana e os padrões de viagens encadeadas. Os padrões de viagens foram codificados em termos de sequência cronológica de: motivos, modos, durações de viagem e períodos do dia em que as viagens ocorrem. As análises foram baseadas nos dados da Pesquisa de Entrevistas Domiciliares realizada pela Agência de Cooperação Internacional do Japão e Governo do Estado do Pará em 2000 na Região Metropolitana de Belém. Para se atingir o objetivo intermediário o método consistiu em analisar, através da Árvore de Decisão e Classificação, a influência da variável categórica Macrozona, que representa as características espaciais e de uso de solo da área urbana, nos padrões de viagens encadeadas realizados pelos indivíduos. Para o objetivo principal, o método consistiu em escolher, aleatoriamente, sub-amostras contendo 25% de pessoas da amostra final e verificar, através do Processamento de Árvores de Decisão e Classificação e do teste estatístico Kolmogorov - Smirnov, se os modelos obtidos a partir das amostras reduzidas conseguem ilustrar bem a freqüência de ocorrência dos padrões de viagens das pessoas da amostra final. Concluiu-se que as características espaciais e de uso de solo influenciam os padrões de encadeamento de viagens, e portanto foram incluídas como variáveis preditoras também nos modelos obtidos a partir das sub-amostras. A conclusão principal foi a não rejeição da hipótese de que é possível reduzir o tamanho da amostra de pesquisas domiciliares para fins de estudo do encadeamento de viagens. Entretanto ainda são necessárias muitas outras verificações antes de aceitar esta conclusão.The main aim of this work is to verify, the possibility of reducing the sample size in home-interview surveys, without being detrimental to the quality and representation. The sub aim of this work is to analyze the influence of spatial characteristics and land use of an urban area. For both aims, the main analyses tool used was Data Miner called the Decision and Classification Tree which is in the software S-Plus 6.1. The Data Miner finds relations between trip chaining patterns and individual socioeconomic characteristics, spatial characteristics and land use patterns. The trip chaining patterns were coded in terms of chronological sequence of trip purpose, travel mode, travel time and the period of day in which travel occurs. The analyses were based on home-interview surveys carried out in the Belém Metropolitan Area in 2000, by Japan International Cooperation Agency and Pará State Government. In order to achieve the sub aim of this work, the method consisted of analyzing, using the Decision and Classification Tree, the influence of the categorical variable \"Macrozona\", which represents spatial characteristics and urban land use patterns, in trip chaining patterns carried by the individuals. Concerning the main aim, the method consisted of choosing sub-samples randomly containing 25% of the final sample of individuals and verifying (using Decision and Classification Tree and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test) whether the models obtained from the reduced samples can describe the frequency of the occurrence of the individuals trip chaining patterns in the final sample well. The first conclusion is that spatial characteristics and land use of the urban area have influenced the trip chaining patterns, and therefore they were also included as independent variables in the models obtained from the sub-samples. The main conclusion was the non-rejection of the hypothesis that it is possible to reduce the sample size in home-interview surveys used for trip-chaining research. Nevertheless, several other verifications are necessary before accepting this conclusion.
40
Koekemoer, Frieda Eileen. "Job characteristics, burnout and negative work-home interference in a nursing environment / F.E. Nel." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1170.
Full textAbstract:
Within the health care sector in South Africa, the nursing profession is known as one of the
four most stressful work environments, which is characterised by high workload, staff
shortages and overcrowding situations. This stressful and emotionally draining environment
can be the cause for large numbers of nurses experiencing symptoms of burnout and negative
work-home interference. However, there seems to be a lack of research investigating specific
job demands and job resources associated with burnout and negative work-home interaction
in a nursing environment.
The first objective of this study was to determine the construct validity and reliability of the
adapted Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS). The second objective was
to determine which job characteristics within the nursing environment predict burnout and
negative work-home interference (WHI). The last objective was to determine whether
negative WHI mediated between the most prominent job characteristics and burnout within
the nursing environment and whether it was a partial or full mediating effect. A cross-sectional
survey design was used. Random samples (n = 300) were taken from nurses
working in the Johannesburg, Klerksdorp, Krugersdorp, Pretoria and Potchefstroom areas. A
job characteristics questionnaire, the 'Survey Work-Home Interaction - Nijmegen' (SWING)
and an adapted version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey were
administered. Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson product moment
correlations, multiple regression analysis and structural equation modelling were
used to analyse the data.
Regarding the first objective, it was found that burnout consists of exhaustion and mental
distance, whereas cynicism and depersonalisation collapse into one dimension (e.g. mental
distance). Regarding the second objective, the results indicated that the most prominent job
demands and job resources associated with exhaustion are pressure, autonomy, role clarity,
colleague support and financial support. It seemed that mental distance is primarily predicted
by role clarity, colleague support and financial support, while negative work-home
interference is predicted by pressure, time demands, role clarity and colleague support.
Results obtained for the last objective provided evidence for a partial mediating role of
negative WHI in the relationship between the most prominent job characteristics (pressure,
role clarity and colleague support) and burnout (consisting of exhaustion and mental
distance).
Recommendations were made for the organisation and for future research.Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
41
Visagie, Madelein. "Job characteristics, emotional labour and work-related flow in an insurance industry call centre / Madelein Visagie." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2124.
Full text
42
Barkhuizen, Emmerentia Nicolene. "Burnout of academic staff in a higher education institution / Nicolene Barkhuizen." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/260.
Full textAbstract:
Universities worldwide are developing a disturbing imbalance with their environments. In
recent years, academic working conditions in South African universities have changed
dramatically as a result of the country's post-apartheid policies and the accelerating
globalisation of knowledge. Academic staff are continually confronted with an overload of
job demands without corresponding increases in job resources. These prolonged job stressors
that academic staff are subjected to over lengthy periods of time coupled with inadequate job
resources can lead to the development of a pathogenically defined construct, namely burnout.
The objective of this research was to investigate the relationships between burnout, strain, job
characteristics and dispositional optimism in universities in the North-West Province. A
cross-sectional design was used. The study population (N = 279) consisted of academic staff
of universities in the North-West Province. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey
(MBI-GS), The Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R), Job Characteristics Scale (JCS)
and General Health Questionnaire (GHQI9) were used as measuring instruments. Descriptive
statistics (e.g. means, standard deviations and kurtosis) were used to analyse the data.
Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to confirm the
structure of the measuring instruments and to test theoretical models.
The results showed that the stressors of overload was associated with high levels of
exhaustion and low professional efficacy. Job resources (i.e. social support, task
characteristics) were related to low levels of exhaustion and cynicism and higher levels of
professional efficacy. Exhaustion and low professional efficacy were significantly related to
physical and psychological health problems. Exhaustion and cynicism were negatively
related to optimism, whereas professional efficacy were positively related to the latter.
Optimism moderated the effects of a lack of resources on exhaustion and the effects of job
resources on professional efficacy.Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
43
Oosthuizen, Bernard. "Job characteristics, coping and work-home interaction in a nursing environment / B. Oosthuizen." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1419.
Full text
44
Stevenson, Jennifer L. "The Effect of Child Characteristics and Environmental Demands on Parenting Across Intact and Divorced Families: An Exploratory View." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1857.
Full text
45
Du, Toit Elmi. "Single motherhood, parenting and mental health : the lived experience of a single mother from a Coloured community in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27562.
Full textAbstract:
Single motherhood is a growing phenomenon in South Africa, as it is in the world at large. The concept and structure of a family have changed over the last few decades and no single definition will suffice to describe or define it anymore. Various factors impact on the psychological wellbeing of the single mother. The psychological wellbeing or mental health of the single mother can influence her parenting abilities. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of a single mother with three dependent children, to gain a deeper understanding of her experiences as a single mother and the meaning she attaches to it. The point of view of this research is from a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm and from an ecological systems theory approach. This qualitative research study uses a single case study method with unstructured interviews to explore the participant’s experiences. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to analyse data, to identify main and sub-themes from the collected data, and to compare these themes with identified themes on single motherhood from existing research. The participant’s lived experience reveals that financial hardship is not the main contributing factor to stress experienced by this single mother. The accumulative effect of diverse stressors and the lack of social support due to prejudice and stigma seem to have a greater effect. This study generates questions around the stigma of single motherhood in South Africa. The reading of this text could raise the reader’s awareness of the challenges faced by single mothers and of prejudice against them. Single mothers are not less capable as individuals of handling the challenges of motherhood and parenting, but they are often exposed to more demands and stressors, compared to partnered mothers. Changing our perspectives on single motherhood can reduce prejudice, offer more social support and improve access to other needed resources.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
unrestricted
46
Hallgren, Frej. "Technical performance on ATP top level, future level and Swedish youth national level male tennis tournaments : Notational analysis of point characteristics in three different tournaments on three different performance levels." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4614.
Full textAbstract:
Aim and research questions To investigate technical performance in three different tennis competitions (ATP Masters AM, Falu Future, FF & Swedish youth national championships, YNC) by collecting data of point characteristics. Are there any differences or similarities between the competitions analyzed concerning type of shots or shot combinations used, from which hitting zone on the tennis court the shots or shot combinations are hit and the placement of the different shots when scoring points? Are there any differences or similarities between the competitions analyzed concerning number of valid shots over the net in a rally? Are there any differences or similarities between the competitions analyzed concerning number of errors (forced and unforced) and winning shots committed in matches? Method The sample consisted of a total of 24 matches with 40 different players from three different tournaments which were analyzed using notational analysis software (Dartfish, version 8, Switzerland). Total number of points analyzed were 3154 (AM, n = 968, FF, n = 1068, YNC, n = 1118). Data were compiled in Excel (2013) and descriptive analyses were performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 24. Statistical analyses looking for overall significant differences between the groups were made using Chi square cross tab test. Due to the number of statistical tests that were performed for each domain in the post hoc test, an adjusted significance level of p < 0.001 was used to reduce the risk of Type 1 error. Results Significant differences were observed between groups for serve placement, shot used after hitting a serve, type of 2nd last and last shot used, hitting zone and placement by the point winner on last shots. Rallies of longer duration were significantly more frequent in the AM & FF groups compared to the YNC group. Concerning serve outcome, serve return, return placement, shot after serve placement, shot combinations, length on 2nd last and last shot, unforced, forced errors and winners no statistical differences were observed between groups. Conclusion This study indicates that higher demands are placed on placement accuracy in the ATP masters and Falu Future tournaments, specifically for the serve, but also for groundstrokes compared to the Swedish youth national championships tournament. This knowledge can be used to identify technical skills and physiological abilities that are important to practise in order to improve performance in tennis on different levels.
47
Jäger, Ruth. "Arbeitsmarkt und psychische Gesundheit." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1183463542147-19443.
Full textAbstract:
Zum gesellschaftlich relevanten Thema des Arbeitsmarktes findet sich kaum arbeitspsychologische Empirie. Erste Hinweise auf ein die Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger gefährdendes Potenzial einer schlechten Arbeitsmarktlage geben Studien aus den Bereichen der Freiwilligkeit in der Erwerbsarbeit und der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Alle diese Studien sind jedoch Befragungen mit dem methodenimmanenten Interpretationsproblem der gemeinsamen Methodenvarianz. Unter Ausschluss dieses Methodenproblems wird zunächst ein Beitrag zur Klärung der Bedeutung der Arbeitsmarktsituation für die psychische Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger geleistet. In einem zweiten Schritt werden empirisch bewährte Merkmale der Arbeitssituation in die Analysen einbezogen. Den theoretischen Rahmen der Arbeit bilden das Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Konzept (BBK) und ein spezifiziertes Zwei-Ebenen-Modell. Sekundäranalytisch werden zweier branchenspezifische Gelegenheitsstichproben (N1 = 183; N2 = 314) und die repräsentative BIBB/IAB-Strukturerhebung von 1998/1999 (N3 = 34.343) ausgewertet. Es liegt ein ex-post-facto-Design vor. Das Merkmal der Arbeitsmarktsituation wird als Risiko langzeitarbeitslos zu werden operationalisiert und dokumentenanalytisch generiert. Diese Operationalisierung erweist sich als valide. Die anderen Merkmale werden mittels schriftlicher Befragungen erhoben. Die Datenauswertung erfolgt mit Methoden des ALM. Die globalen Zusammenhänge zwischen der Arbeitsmarktsituation und der psychischen Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger sind marginal. Bei Betrachtung der mit Hilfe des BBK gebildeten Subgruppen zeigen sich jedoch hypothesenkonform veränderte Zusammenhänge. Dieses Ergebnismuster kann im Sinne des sozialepidemiologischen Risikofaktorenmodells als Beleg für das Belastungspotenzial einer schlechten Arbeitsmarktsituation angesehen werden. Zentral für die Vorhersage der psychischen Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger sind jedoch die Merkmale der Arbeitssituation: Auch in Zeiten mit einer problematischen Arbeitsmarktsituation reicht es nicht aus, einfach nur Arbeit zu haben. Die konkrete Arbeitssituation bleibt zentralWithin the field of occupational psychology there is very little empirical research on the socially highly relevant topic of the labor market. Studies on voluntariness within gainful occupation and on job insecurity have provided initial evidence that a poor labor market situation poses a potential risk to employees’ health. However, all of these studies can be criticized for having the method-immanent interpretation problem of shared method variance. Excluding this methodological problem, the present study, first, contributes to clarifying the role of the labor market situation for employees’ mental health. In a second step, empirically established characteristics of the personal job situation are included in the analyses. The theoretical framework for this research is the stress-strain concept (SSC) and a more specific two-level model. Secondary analyses are conducted with two sectoral convenience samples (N1 = 183; N2 = 314) and the representative BIBB/IAB data set of 1998/1999 (N3 = 34.343). An ex-post-facto design is used. The characteristic of the labor market situation was operationalized as the risk for long-term unemployment, which was generated through document analyses. This operationalization proves to be valid. Other characteristics were assessed with questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted with methods of the GLM. The overall relations between the labor market situation and mental health are marginal. However, when studying subgroups that were formed utilizing the SSC the observed relations vary as hypothesized. These findings can be interpreted within the social-epidemiological risk-factor model as a demonstration of the stress potential of poor labor market conditions. Nevertheless, the central predictors of employees’ mental health are characteristics of the personal job situation: Even in times of a problematic labor market situation just being employed it is not sufficient to ensure good mental health. The person’s specific job situation remains central
48
Joubert, Jeanetta Helena Maria. "Job characteristics, engagement, burnout and organisational commitment of management staff at a platinum mine in the North-West province / Jeanette H.M. Jourbert." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1165.
Full textAbstract:
In the new world economy the hey differentiator of competitive advantage is an
organisation's human resources. Increasingly, employees have to cope with multiple demands
arising from various roles. often with limited resources and no guarantee of job security. In
monitoring and improving employee effectiveness in coping with multiple new demands.
stimulating their growth and enhancing their well-being as well as organisational
performance, burnout and engagement are specific research areas.
'The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between burnout,
engagement, job demands. job resources and organisational commitment of management staff
at a platinum mine in the North-West Province, and to determine which variables best predict
burnout, engagement and organisational commitment.
A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study population consisted of management
staff at a platinum mine in the North West Province (N = 202). The Job Demands-Resources
Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey. a
Health Questionnaire, and an Organisational Commitment scale were administered.
Descriptive statistics, product-moment correlation coefficients and multiple regression
analyses were used to analyse the data.
The results indicated that burnout correlated significantly with job demands, job resources.
engagement, health and organisational commitment. Engagement. correlated significantly with
job resources. health, and organisational commitment. Exhaustion was best predicted by
workload. job insecurity and lack of resources whilst cynicism was predicted by poor
organisational support and advancement opportunities. Engagement was best predicted by
organisational support. and organisational commitment was predicted by both burnout and
engagement. Ill health was predicted by exhaustion.
Recommendations were made for future research.Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
49
Datson, N. "An analysis of the physical demands of international female soccer match-play and the physical characteristics of elite players." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4273/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the thesis was to provide a detailed analysis of the physical demands of competitive international female soccer match-play and the physical characteristics of elite players. To date, the majority of research has focussed on sub-elite players with a lack of information available on international level competitors. The aim of the first study (Chapter 4) was to analyse match physical performance using a computerised tracking system (Prozone Sports Ltd., Leeds, England). A total of 167 individual match observations from 122 players competing in competitive international matches during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons were completed. Total distance and total high-speed running distances (>14.4 km.h-1) were influenced by outfield playing position, with central midfielders completing the highest (10985 ± 706 m and 2882 ± 500 m) and central defenders (9489 ± 562 m and 1901 ± 268 m) the lowest distances, respectively. Greater total very high-speed running distances (>19.8 km.h-1) were completed when a team was without (399 ± 143 m) compared to with (313 ± 210 m) possession of the ball. The majority of sprints (>25.1 km.h-1) were over short distances with 95 % being less than 10 m. This study provides novel findings regarding the physical demands of different playing positions in competitive international female match-play and important insights for physical coaches preparing elite female players for competition. The aim of the second study (Chapter 5) was to determine the incidence and nature of repeated sprint and high-speed activity in match-play. Repeated sprint activity (a minimum of two efforts (>25.1 km.h-1) with 20 s or less recovery between efforts) was found to be rare during international female match-play with 1.1 ± 1.1 bouts per match. Repeated high-speed activity (a minimum of two efforts (>19.8 km.h-1) was influenced by playing position; with attacking-based players completing more bouts (37-40 bouts per match) than defensive players (22-33 bouts per match). Repeated sprint and high-speed bouts frequently comprised two efforts per bout, with a maximum of three and six efforts respectively. Collectively, this study provides physical coaches with useful data for replicating the demands of repeated high-speed activity and an understanding of the positional demands in order to aid the specificity of training. The aim of the third study (Chapter 6) was to attempt to apply a suitable approach for determining speed zones and to evaluate the application of specific zones to influence data outcome. Maximum match-play running speed in elite females was measured using Global Positioning System technology (STATSports, Viper, Ireland) in 230 individual match observations of 67 outfield players, during 19 international matches from 2011-2015. Female-specific speed zones and activity classifications were scaled appropriately to maximum match-play running speed. The resultant female-specific speed zones were on average 12.5 % lower than the standardised male zones, which if applied to the data in Chapter 4 would result in a small increases in total high-speed running (25 % to 28 %) and total very high-speed running (8 % to 9 %) relative to total distance. The calculated female-specific sprinting threshold (>22.0 km.h-1) corresponds to 82 % of the average maximum female match-play running speed presently observed and consequently might be more representative than the standardised male sprinting threshold (>25.1 km.h-1). However, as it was not possible to validate activity classifications in the current study it is suggested that the standardised thresholds should continue to be used to permit between playing position and gender comparisons, however, the activity classifications (e.g. walking, jogging, sprinting etc.) should be removed and replaced with the actual velocities. The aim of the fourth study (Chapter 7) was to examine the reliability of both anthropometric and performance measures in elite female soccer players. The data suggest that both junior and senior elite female players are able to adequately reproduce a variety of anthropometric (coefficient of variation = 0.1-1.3 %) and performance (coefficient of variation = 0.6-7.7 %) related tests and that reliable measures can be obtained using the present protocols and one familiarisation session. The sample size estimations (n<20) provided important insights for the participant recruitment in Chapter 8 and also suggest that the anthropometric and performance assessments are suitable for the longitudinal tracking of the fitness status of elite female players. The aim of the fifth study (Chapter 8) was to examine the physical characteristics of elite players, which were assessed in 471 national team players from 2011-2015. Anthropometric and performance variables improved with age; with large differences observed between U15s and seniors for body mass (53.9 ± 7.8 v 62.5 ± 5.8 kg), 30 m linear speed (4.78 ± 0.22 v 4.52 ± 0.17 s), countermovement jump (28.3 ± 4.0 cm v 33.4 ± 4.0 cm) and Yo Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (1101 ± 369 m v 1583 ± 416 m). Similarities were observed for anthropometric and performance variables between the younger (U15 and U17) and older (U19 and senior) age groups. Goalkeepers generally exhibited inferior anthropometric and performance capabilities to outfield players. Faster linear speed times over short distances observed were in attackers (1.047 s v 1.061-1.077 s), greater repeated speed performance in wide midfielders and attackers (4.89-4.91 s v 4.92-4.99 s) and improved intermittent endurance performance in wide defenders (1483 m v 1260-1336 m) compared to other outfield playing positions. The normative physical characteristics presented, provide unique data for professionals involved in player recruitment and talent identification, whilst the positional differences in performance characteristics, coupled with an in-depth understanding of the demands of match-play can be applied to ensure training specificity. Collectively, the present data provides the most in-depth description of the physical demands and physical characteristics of elite female soccer players to date. The data describing the demands of match-play provides valuable insights for physical coaches preparing elite female players for competition, whilst the normative physical characteristic data provides important information to professionals involved in player recruitment and talent identification and those responsible for physical development.
50
Jäger, Ruth. "Arbeitsmarkt und psychische Gesundheit: Zusammenhänge zwischen der Arbeitsmarktsituation und einem personenbezogenen Indikator für Beschäftigungsfähigkeit unter Beachtung von Merkmalen der Arbeitssituation." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24951.
Full textAbstract:
Zum gesellschaftlich relevanten Thema des Arbeitsmarktes findet sich kaum arbeitspsychologische Empirie. Erste Hinweise auf ein die Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger gefährdendes Potenzial einer schlechten Arbeitsmarktlage geben Studien aus den Bereichen der Freiwilligkeit in der Erwerbsarbeit und der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Alle diese Studien sind jedoch Befragungen mit dem methodenimmanenten Interpretationsproblem der gemeinsamen Methodenvarianz. Unter Ausschluss dieses Methodenproblems wird zunächst ein Beitrag zur Klärung der Bedeutung der Arbeitsmarktsituation für die psychische Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger geleistet. In einem zweiten Schritt werden empirisch bewährte Merkmale der Arbeitssituation in die Analysen einbezogen. Den theoretischen Rahmen der Arbeit bilden das Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Konzept (BBK) und ein spezifiziertes Zwei-Ebenen-Modell. Sekundäranalytisch werden zweier branchenspezifische Gelegenheitsstichproben (N1 = 183; N2 = 314) und die repräsentative BIBB/IAB-Strukturerhebung von 1998/1999 (N3 = 34.343) ausgewertet. Es liegt ein ex-post-facto-Design vor. Das Merkmal der Arbeitsmarktsituation wird als Risiko langzeitarbeitslos zu werden operationalisiert und dokumentenanalytisch generiert. Diese Operationalisierung erweist sich als valide. Die anderen Merkmale werden mittels schriftlicher Befragungen erhoben. Die Datenauswertung erfolgt mit Methoden des ALM. Die globalen Zusammenhänge zwischen der Arbeitsmarktsituation und der psychischen Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger sind marginal. Bei Betrachtung der mit Hilfe des BBK gebildeten Subgruppen zeigen sich jedoch hypothesenkonform veränderte Zusammenhänge. Dieses Ergebnismuster kann im Sinne des sozialepidemiologischen Risikofaktorenmodells als Beleg für das Belastungspotenzial einer schlechten Arbeitsmarktsituation angesehen werden. Zentral für die Vorhersage der psychischen Gesundheit Erwerbstätiger sind jedoch die Merkmale der Arbeitssituation: Auch in Zeiten mit einer problematischen Arbeitsmarktsituation reicht es nicht aus, einfach nur Arbeit zu haben. Die konkrete Arbeitssituation bleibt zentral.Within the field of occupational psychology there is very little empirical research on the socially highly relevant topic of the labor market. Studies on voluntariness within gainful occupation and on job insecurity have provided initial evidence that a poor labor market situation poses a potential risk to employees’ health. However, all of these studies can be criticized for having the method-immanent interpretation problem of shared method variance. Excluding this methodological problem, the present study, first, contributes to clarifying the role of the labor market situation for employees’ mental health. In a second step, empirically established characteristics of the personal job situation are included in the analyses. The theoretical framework for this research is the stress-strain concept (SSC) and a more specific two-level model. Secondary analyses are conducted with two sectoral convenience samples (N1 = 183; N2 = 314) and the representative BIBB/IAB data set of 1998/1999 (N3 = 34.343). An ex-post-facto design is used. The characteristic of the labor market situation was operationalized as the risk for long-term unemployment, which was generated through document analyses. This operationalization proves to be valid. Other characteristics were assessed with questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted with methods of the GLM. The overall relations between the labor market situation and mental health are marginal. However, when studying subgroups that were formed utilizing the SSC the observed relations vary as hypothesized. These findings can be interpreted within the social-epidemiological risk-factor model as a demonstration of the stress potential of poor labor market conditions. Nevertheless, the central predictors of employees’ mental health are characteristics of the personal job situation: Even in times of a problematic labor market situation just being employed it is not sufficient to ensure good mental health. The person’s specific job situation remains central.