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Ryherd, Julia Kay. "QUANTIFYING THE RATES AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECENT SEDIMENTATION WITHIN THE HYDROLOGICALLY CONNECTED FLOODPLAINS OF THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, USA, USING DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS AND DENDROGEOMORPHOLOGY." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2189.
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The construction of levees along the Mississippi River [MR], beginning in the mid-to-late nineteenth century, have isolated the river along many segments from its floodplain. Sediment from the river is currently deposited in the hydrologically connected floodplain [HCF], the area between the channel margin at low water and the levees. Researchers have studied the amount and rates of sediment deposition along the Upper and Lower Mississippi River segments from the headwaters to Pool 22 and from the Ohio River to the delta; however, no such assessments have been undertaken along the Middle Mississippi River [MMR]. This study attempts to fill the knowledge gap by assessing sedimentation along three islands within the Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge. On these islands two approaches were undertaken to assess sedimentation along the MMR’s HCF: dendrogeomorphology and the DEM of Difference [DoD] approach. The dendrogeomorphic approach uses tree-ring analyses to document and interpret geomorphic processes and the rates at which they are occurring. The DoD approach subtracts an older DEM from a newer DEM in order to see the change in elevation/depth over time. The geomorphology of the islands and then the entire MMR HCF (from the confluence of the Missouri River to Thebes, IL) were mapped. Using the sedimentation rates for the geomorphic landforms from the three study islands, the sedimentation rates and volumes for the aforementioned portion of the MMR’s HCF were estimated. The estimated volume of sediment was then compared to the MMR’s suspended sediment flux to determine how much of the suspended sediment was going into storage within the MMR’s HCF. The dendrogeomorphic and DoD methods for the study islands yielded average sedimentation rates of 13.3-16.9 mm year-1 and 21.5-80.1 mm year-1, respectively. The rates for the individual landforms on the islands using the dendrogeomorphic results ranged from 5.2 mm year-1 for the splay to 21.8 mm year-1 for the natural levee and splay, with a weighted average of 16.6 mm year-1 for the MMR HCF. Using these rates and the likely range of densities for the floodplain sediments, it is estimated that 4.9-6.6 million metric tons of sediment is accumulating within the MMR annually. This is approximately 5.4-7.4% of the average annual suspended sediment load of the Mississippi River at St. Louis. This means that the MMR is a major sediment sink. If these relatively rapid rates of deposition continue, they have the potential to substantially reduce the HCF’s ability to convey and store flood water which will result in increased flood levels and, consequently, flood risk within the MMR’s levee protected floodplain in the coming decades.
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Rosenberger, Elke. "Asymptotic spectral analysis and tunnelling for a class of difference operators." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98050368X.
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Rekowsky, Isabel Cristiane. "Variações de área das geleiras da Colômbia e da Venezuela entre 1985 e 2015, com dados de sensoriamento remoto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149546.
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Nesse estudo foram mapeadas e mensuradas as variações de área, elevação mínima e orientação das geleiras da Colômbia e da Venezuela (trópicos internos), entre os anos 1985-2015. Para o mapeamento das áreas das geleiras foram utilizadas como base imagens Landsat, sensores TM, ETM+ e OLI. Às imagens selecionadas foi aplicado o Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), no qual são utilizadas duas bandas em que o alvo apresenta comportamento espectral oposto ou com características bem distintas: bandas 2 e 5 dos sensores TM e ETM+ e bandas 3 e 6 do sensor OLI. Os dados de elevação e orientação das massas de gelo foram obtidos a partir do Modelo Digital de Elevação SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission – v03). Em 1985, a soma das áreas das sete geleiras estudadas correspondia a 92,84 km², enquanto no último ano estudado (2015/2016) esse valor passou para 36,97 km². A redução de área ocorreu em todas as geleiras analisadas, com taxas de retração anual variando entre 2,49% a.a. e 8,46% a.a. Houve retração das áreas de gelo localizadas em todos os pontos cardeais considerados, bem como, elevação da altitude nas frentes de geleiras. Além da perda de área ocorrida nas menores altitudes, onde a taxa de ablação é mais elevada, também se observou retração em alguns topos, evidenciado pela ocorrência de altitudes menores nos anos finais do estudo, em comparação com os anos iniciais. Como parte das geleiras colombianas está localizada sobre vulcões ativos, essas áreas sofrem influência tanto de fatores externos, quanto de fatores internos, podendo ocorrer perdas de massa acentuadas causadas por erupção e/ou terremoto.In this study, glaciers located in Colombia and Venezuela (inner tropics) were mapped between 1985-2015. The area of these glaciers was measured and the variations that occurred in each glacier were compared to identify whether the glacier was growing or shrinking. The minimum elevation of the glaciers fronts and the aspect of the glaciers were analyzed. The glaciers areas ware obtained by the use of Landsat images, TM, ETM+ and OLI sensors. The Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) was applied to the selected images, in which two bands were used, where the ice mass has opposite (or very different) spectral behavior: bands 2 and 5 from sensors TM and ETM+, and bands 3 and 6 from sensors OLI. The elevation and the aspect data of the glaciers were obtained from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission – v03) Digital Elevation Model. In 1985/1986, the sum of the areas of the seven studied glaciers corresponded to 92.84 km², while in the last year analyzed (2015/2016), this value shrank to 36.97 km². The area shrinkage occurred in all the glaciers that were mapped, with annual decline rates ranging from 2.49%/year to 8.46%/year. It is also possible to observe a decrease of the ice covered in all aspects considered, as well as an elevation in all glaciers fronts. In addition to the area loss occurred at lower altitudes, where the ablation rate is higher than in higher altitudes, shrinkage in some mountain tops was also present, which is evidenced by the occurrence of lower maximum elevations in the final years of the study, when compared with the initial years. Considering that part of the Colombian’s glaciers are located on active volcanoes, these areas are influenced by external and internal factors, and the occurrence of volcanic eruption and/or earthquake can cause sharp mass losses.
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PODESTA', ARIANNA. "L’IMPATTO DEI MEGA-EVENTI SUL WELFARE DI UNA CITTÀ: UN'ANALISI DEL MERCATO IMMOBILIARE APPLICATA AL CASO DELE OLIMPIADI DI TORINO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3678.
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In una realtà sempre più globalizzata e di competizione tra città, ospitare un mega-evento è un’opportunità di accelerazione della trasformazione economica, infrastrutturale, sociale e urbana. Questa tesi si propone di valutare se Torino è stata capace di trasformare l’occasione dei Giochi Olimpici Invernali 2006 in una duratura eredità per la città, separando l’effetto dei Giochi in se' e per se' da quello degli investimenti pubblici e della visibilità. Il primo capitolo evidenzia l’importanza di ospitare un evento per l’economia locale e fornisce un quadro generale d’analisi, presentando la scelta della dinamica dei prezzi immobiliari rispetto ad altri metodi usati in letteratura, assieme a quella della tecnica difference-in-differences. Infine, propone il contesto teorico dell’analisi empirica che viene sviluppata nei due capitoli successivi, spiegando le ragioni dietro la scelta del caso delle Olimpiadi di Torino. Il secondo capitolo mira a separare l’effetto differenziale degli investimenti pubblici locali (introducendo una loro nuova misurazione diretta) sull’attrattività della città, distinto da quello dell’ospitare i Giochi di per sé. Il terzo capitolo amplia l’analisi empirica introducendo il ruolo della visibilità internazionale tramite la creazione di un innovativo indice di visibilità basato sui dati forniti dallo strumento Google Trends.In a context of increasing globalisation and competition between cities, hosting mega-events is an opportunity to accelerate economic, infrastructural, social and urban transformation. This dissertation aims at analysing if Turin was able to transform the hosting of the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in a long-lasting legacy for the city, separating the effect of the Olympics per se from the ones of public investments and visibility. In doing so, the first chapter highlights the importance of event hosting for local economies and provides a general framework of analysis, discussing the choice of housing prices dynamics to evaluate the impact of mega events with respect to other methods used in literature, as well as the one of difference-in-differences technique. Finally, the theoretical background of the empirical analysis that follows in the subsequent chapters is presented along with the choice of the case of Turin’s Olympics. The second paper aims at disentangling the differential effect of local public investments (introducing a new direct measure of them) on city appeal, distinguished from that of hosting the Olympics per se. The third paper extends the empirical analysis introducing the role of international visibility in shaping the legacy of Turin Olympics. In doing so, an innovative index of visibility is constructed using data from the Google Trend Tool.
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PODESTA', ARIANNA. "L’IMPATTO DEI MEGA-EVENTI SUL WELFARE DI UNA CITTÀ: UN'ANALISI DEL MERCATO IMMOBILIARE APPLICATA AL CASO DELE OLIMPIADI DI TORINO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3678.
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In una realtà sempre più globalizzata e di competizione tra città, ospitare un mega-evento è un’opportunità di accelerazione della trasformazione economica, infrastrutturale, sociale e urbana. Questa tesi si propone di valutare se Torino è stata capace di trasformare l’occasione dei Giochi Olimpici Invernali 2006 in una duratura eredità per la città, separando l’effetto dei Giochi in se' e per se' da quello degli investimenti pubblici e della visibilità. Il primo capitolo evidenzia l’importanza di ospitare un evento per l’economia locale e fornisce un quadro generale d’analisi, presentando la scelta della dinamica dei prezzi immobiliari rispetto ad altri metodi usati in letteratura, assieme a quella della tecnica difference-in-differences. Infine, propone il contesto teorico dell’analisi empirica che viene sviluppata nei due capitoli successivi, spiegando le ragioni dietro la scelta del caso delle Olimpiadi di Torino. Il secondo capitolo mira a separare l’effetto differenziale degli investimenti pubblici locali (introducendo una loro nuova misurazione diretta) sull’attrattività della città, distinto da quello dell’ospitare i Giochi di per sé. Il terzo capitolo amplia l’analisi empirica introducendo il ruolo della visibilità internazionale tramite la creazione di un innovativo indice di visibilità basato sui dati forniti dallo strumento Google Trends.In a context of increasing globalisation and competition between cities, hosting mega-events is an opportunity to accelerate economic, infrastructural, social and urban transformation. This dissertation aims at analysing if Turin was able to transform the hosting of the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in a long-lasting legacy for the city, separating the effect of the Olympics per se from the ones of public investments and visibility. In doing so, the first chapter highlights the importance of event hosting for local economies and provides a general framework of analysis, discussing the choice of housing prices dynamics to evaluate the impact of mega events with respect to other methods used in literature, as well as the one of difference-in-differences technique. Finally, the theoretical background of the empirical analysis that follows in the subsequent chapters is presented along with the choice of the case of Turin’s Olympics. The second paper aims at disentangling the differential effect of local public investments (introducing a new direct measure of them) on city appeal, distinguished from that of hosting the Olympics per se. The third paper extends the empirical analysis introducing the role of international visibility in shaping the legacy of Turin Olympics. In doing so, an innovative index of visibility is constructed using data from the Google Trend Tool.
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Lundberg, Tilda, and Hanne Enoksson. "Flygskatt - Kjempebra eller kan det va? : En kvantitativ studie om hur individers konsumtion av flygresor påverkas av den norska flygskatten." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387888.
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Den första juni 2016 trädde en norsk styckskatt på flygresor i kraft. Avsikten med skatten var både att generera inkomster till statskassan och att minska flygandet hos den norska befolkningen. Denna kvantitativa studie syftar till att utvärdera huruvida den andra avsikten förverkligats. Detta görs genom att undersöka vilken effekt flygstolsavgiften haft på norrmännens flygande. Via en difference-in-differences-estimation med Norge som behandlingsgrupp och Sverige som kontrollgrupp utläses ett signifikant positivt resultat på 0,79 procentenheter när kontrollvariablerna BNP per capita, flygskam och månadsdummies inkluderas. Detta kan tolkas som att skatten har ökat andelen passagerare. Resultatet motsäger ekonomisk teori och tidigare landspecifika utvärderingar av flygskatt. Samtidigt antyder tidigare studier inom området att resultatet kan ha sin grund i att det finns en betalningsvilja för miljöskatter. Däremot finns skäl att vara kritisk mot att sambandet är kausalt eftersom det kan finnas icke-observerade faktorer som påverkar utfallet. I känslighetsanalysen försvinner signifikansen, vilket är ytterligare ett tecken på att flygskatten inte kan förklara den ökning som skett. Huvudresultat är att den norska flygstolsavgiften inte kan bevisas ha minskat andelen passagerare, vilket kan ha sin förklaring i skattens utformning och magnitud. Således är det tvivelaktigt om denna typ av flygskatt kan användas som medel för att minska flygets klimatpåverkan.
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Balaguer, Puig Matilde. "Análisis empírico de soluciones fotogramétricas en estudios de erosión hídrica en laboratorio." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58989.
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[EN] Hydric soil erosion is an economic and ecological problem throughout the world. Current investigation of the processes intervening in the erosion needs detailed information about the soil's surface topography appropriate in resolution and precision for the work's scale. Part of the studies trying to model and quantify the erosive processes are carried out in laboratories, in detailed scales (millimetric), and need methods capable of giving accurate measurements of the surface, in an efficient way. Experiments carried out in a laboratory to measure hydric erosion are based on the use of rain simulators on small soil plots. Soil's rugosity or micro relief influences considerably the distribution of rain water among infiltration and run-off, and is a key factor when modelling erosive processes. Accurate measurement of the plot's relief before and after the rain simulation allows estimation based on the volume differences.
In recent years there is an increasing demand for accurate topographical data in the area of geomorphological science. Reproduction of the soil's surface is done by means of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), generated from massive altimetric data acquired by means of laser scanners or image-based photogrammetric techniques. These data have been collected by means of classical photogrammetric techniques (among others) up until recently; it is not, however, an easy task, and furthermore, to achieve the necessary accuracy, a strict methodology is needed, taking into account all the error sources in the process.
Advances in digital photogrammetry and related fields, such as image processing and computer vision, have brought new software tools with potential application in various fields, such as geomorphology and erosion study. Structure from Motion (SfM) method produces automatically a 3D model of an object from multiple converging images, using automatic image to image registry methods and image correspondence algorithms, which allow a great degree of automatization and a greater ease of use, with a very low cost.
This thesis tries to establish a DEM collection methodology of an experimental zone in a laboratory after repeated episodes of simulated rain by means of photogrammetric techniques based on SfM. Based on the obtained DEM, an estimation of the erosion using DEM of Difference (DoD) techniques will be carried out, comparing these estimations with the results of the obtained run-off and infiltration to validate the method. The results show the suitability of this technique for laboratory erosion studies.[ES] La erosión hídrica del suelo es hoy un problema económico y ecológico en todo el mundo. La investigación actual de los procesos que intervienen en la erosión requiere información detallada sobre la topografía de la superficie del suelo con resolución y precisión adecuadas a la escala de trabajo. Una parte de los estudios que se realizan para la modelización y cuantificación de los procesos erosivos se llevan a cabo en laboratorio, a escalas de detalle (milimétricas), y necesitan métodos capaces de proporcionar mediciones precisas de la superficie, de una manera eficiente. Los experimentos realizados en laboratorio para la medición de la erosión hídrica se basan en el uso de simuladores de lluvia sobre parcelas de suelo de reducidas dimensiones. La rugosidad o microrrelieve del suelo influye considerablemente en el reparto de agua de lluvia entre infiltración y escorrentía, y es un parámetro importante para la modelización de procesos erosivos. La medición precisa del relieve de la parcela antes y después de la simulación de la lluvia permite estimar la erosión a partir de las diferencias de volumen. Así, en los últimos años se ha producido una creciente demanda de datos topográficos de precisión en el ámbito de las ciencias geomorfológicas. La representación de la superficie del suelo se realiza a través de Modelos Digitales de Elevaciones (MDE), generados a partir de datos altimétricos masivos, adquiridos mediante escáneres láser o por técnicas fotogramétricas basadas en imágenes. La obtención de estos datos se ha realizado mediante técnicas fotogramétricas clásicas (entre otras) hasta hace poco; sin embargo, no es una tarea trivial, y además para conseguir las precisiones necesarias se ha de trabajar con una metodología rigurosa que tenga en cuenta todas las fuentes de error en el proceso. Los avances experimentados en fotogrametría digital y otros ámbitos relacionados, como el procesamiento de imágenes y la visión por computador, han proporcionado nuevas herramientas software disponibles con gran potencial de aplicación en muchas y variadas disciplinas, entre ellas la geomorfología y el estudio de la erosión. El método Structure from Motion (SfM) obtiene de forma automática un modelo 3D de un objeto a partir de múltiples imágenes convergentes empleando métodos automáticos de registro imagen a imagen y algoritmos de correspondencia de imágenes, lo que permite un alto nivel de automatización y una mayor facilidad de uso, con un coste muy bajo. En esta tesis se pretende establecer una metodología para la obtención de MDE de una zona experimental en laboratorio tras sucesivos episodios de simulación de lluvia mediante técnicas fotogramétricas basadas en SfM. A partir de los MDE obtenidos se realizará una estimación de la erosión aplicando técnicas de diferencias de MDE (DoD), contrastando estas estimaciones con los resultados de los sedimentos arrastrados por la escorrentía y la infiltración para validar el método. Los resultados han demostrado la idoneidad de esta técnica en los estudios de erosión en laboratorio.
[CAT] L'erosió hídrica del sòl és actualment un problema econòmic i ecològic en tot el món. La investigació actual dels processos que intervenen en l'erosió requereix informació detallada sobre la topografia de la superfície del sòl amb resolució i precisió adequades a l'escala de treball. Una part dels estudis que es realitzen per a la modelització i quantificació dels processos erosius es duen a terme en laboratori, a escales de detall (mil·limètriques) , i necessiten mètodes capaços de proporcionar mesuraments precisos de la superfície, d'una manera eficient. Els experiments realitzats en laboratori per al mesurament de l'erosió hídrica es basen en l'ús de simuladors de pluja sobre parcel·les de sòl de reduïdes dimensions. La rugositat o microrrelleu del sòl influeix considerablement en el repartiment d'aigua de pluja entre infiltració i escolament, i és un paràmetre important per a la modelització de processos erosius. La medició precisa del relleu de la parcel·la abans i després de la simulació de la pluja permet estimar l'erosió a partir de les diferències de volum. Així, en els últims anys s'ha produït una creixent demanda de dades topogràfiques de precisió en l'àmbit de les ciències geomorfològiques. La representació de la superfície del sòl es realitza a través de Models Digitals d'Elevacions (MDE) , generats a partir de dades altimètriques massives, adquirides per mitjà d'escàners làser o per tècniques fotogramètriques basades en imatges. La obtenció d'estes dades s'ha realitzat amb tècniques fotogramètriques clàssiques (entre altres) fins fa poc; no obstant això, no és una tasca trivial, i a més per a aconseguir les precisions necessàries s'ha de treballar amb una metodologia rigorosa que tinga en compte totes les fonts d'error en el procés. Els avanços experimentats en fotogrametria digital i altres àmbits relacionats, com el processament d'imatges i la visió per computador, han proporcionat noves ferramentes disponibles amb gran potencial d'aplicació en moltes i variades disciplines, entre elles la geomorfologia i l'estudi de l'erosió. El mètode Structure from Motion (SfM) obté de forma automàtica un model 3D d'un objecte a partir de múltiples imatges convergents emprant mètodes automàtics de registre imatge a imatge i algoritmes de correspondència d'imatges, la qual cosa permet un alt nivell d'automatització i una major facilitat d'ús, amb un cost molt baix. En esta tesi es pretén establir una metodologia per a l'obtenció de MDE d'una zona experimental en laboratori després de successius episodis de simulació de pluja per mitjà de tècniques fotogramètriques basades en SfM. A partir dels MDE obtinguts es realitzarà una estimació de l'erosió aplicant tècniques de diferències de MDE (DoD) , contrastant estes estimacions amb els resultats dels sediments arrossegats per l'escolament i la infiltració per a validar el mètode. Els resultats han demostrat la idoneïtat d'esta tècnica en els estudis d'erosió en laboratori.
Balaguer Puig, M. (2015). Análisis empírico de soluciones fotogramétricas en estudios de erosión hídrica en laboratorio [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58989
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Stenbeck, Kelly, and Daniel Törnqvist. "EXPANSION AV KOLLEKTIVTRAFIKEN – ÄR DET VÄRT PENGARNA? : En studie av bostadspriser och den planlagda tunnelbanan i Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387788.
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Stockholms län har upplevt en stark demografisk tillväxt det senaste decenniet, vilket har medfört behov av nya investeringar i kollektivtrafiken och i bostäder. I denna uppsats studeras sambandet mellan närhet till den nya planerade tunnelbanan i Stockholm och bostadsrättspriser. Baserat på egeninsamlade paneldata om bostadsrättsförsäljningar i Barkarby och Nacka strand perioden 2013–2017 skattas en hedonisk prismodell för att se hur euklidiskt avstånd till närmsta planerade tunnelbaneentré samvarierar med bostadsrättspriser. Vidare undersöks om besluten om stationslokalisering i Barkarby och Nacka har haft en positiv effekt på bostadspriser, genom att jämföra skillnader i priser före och efter beslut om nya tunnelbanestationer. Resultaten visar att sambandet mellan närhet till den planerade tunnelbanan och bostadsrättspriser skiljer sig beroende på område. Priser på bostadsrätter stiger med minskat avstånd till närmsta planerade tunnelbaneentré i Barkarby medan de sjunker i Nacka strand. Det återfinns ingen statistiskt säkerställd effekt av besluten om stationslokalisering på bostadsrättspriser.
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Emery, Russell N. "Refining and Expanding the Feature Stamping Process." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1004.pdf.
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GAZZAROLI, DILETTA. "Culture della differenza e diversity management nelle organizzazioni: una sfida già raccolta?" Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/32573.
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Nel campo della psicologia delle organizzazioni, la gestione della differenza è un argomento di crescente interesse. Studi sul Diversity Managemetn sono stati promossi dalla graduale consapevolezza che per le organizzazioni, promuovere la diversità non solo contribuisce a garantire la soddisfazione e le prestazioni dei singoli lavoratori, ma offre anche vantaggi in termini di business e riconoscimento da stakeholders esterni e contesto sociale. Podsiadlowski et al (2012) hanno identificato cinque culture – Reinforcing Homogeneity, Color-Blind, Fairness, Access, Integration – con cui le organizzazioni possono approcciare la differenza e che possono essere collocate su un continuum da difensiva, a reattiva, a proattiva. Scopo di questo lavoro è ottenere una fotografia delle culture organizzative della differenza nel contesto italiano al fine di comprendere "lo stato dell'arte". Inoltre, si mira a capire: se e che tipo di interazioni la cultura organizzativa della differenza può avere con altri fattori della vita organizzativa e che tipo di impatto la cultura organizzativa della differenza può avere sulla creatività organizzativa e sul benessere individuale. Al fine di offrire un contributo alla validazione di due strumenti non ancora particolarmente diffusi in ambito italiano si sono anche testate le proprietà psicometriche della Cultural Intelligence Scale e del Diversity Perspective Questionnaire.In the field of organizational psychology, Diversity Management is a topic of growing interest. Studies on Diversity Management have been led by the gradual awareness that for organizations, fostering diversity not only helps to ensure the satisfaction and performance of the individual workers, but also offers benefits in terms of business and recognition from external stakeholders and social context. Podsiadlowski et al. (2012) identified five different ways organizations approach diversity – Reinforcing Homogeneity, Color-Blind, Fairness, Access, Integration – that can be seen on a continuum from defensive, to reactive, to proactive attitude. Aim of this work is taking a picture of the organisational cultures of difference in the Italian context in order to understand "the state of the art". Moreover, this work aims to understand: if and what kind of interactions the organisational cultures of difference can have with other organizational life factors and what kind of impact the organisational cultures of difference can have on organizational creativity and individual well-being. In order to offer a contribution to the validation of two tools not yet particularly widespread in terms of use in the Italian context we also tested the psychometric properties of: the Cultural Intelligence Scale and the Diversity Perspective Questionnaire.
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GAZZAROLI, DILETTA. "Culture della differenza e diversity management nelle organizzazioni: una sfida già raccolta?" Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/32573.
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Nel campo della psicologia delle organizzazioni, la gestione della differenza è un argomento di crescente interesse. Studi sul Diversity Managemetn sono stati promossi dalla graduale consapevolezza che per le organizzazioni, promuovere la diversità non solo contribuisce a garantire la soddisfazione e le prestazioni dei singoli lavoratori, ma offre anche vantaggi in termini di business e riconoscimento da stakeholders esterni e contesto sociale. Podsiadlowski et al (2012) hanno identificato cinque culture – Reinforcing Homogeneity, Color-Blind, Fairness, Access, Integration – con cui le organizzazioni possono approcciare la differenza e che possono essere collocate su un continuum da difensiva, a reattiva, a proattiva. Scopo di questo lavoro è ottenere una fotografia delle culture organizzative della differenza nel contesto italiano al fine di comprendere "lo stato dell'arte". Inoltre, si mira a capire: se e che tipo di interazioni la cultura organizzativa della differenza può avere con altri fattori della vita organizzativa e che tipo di impatto la cultura organizzativa della differenza può avere sulla creatività organizzativa e sul benessere individuale. Al fine di offrire un contributo alla validazione di due strumenti non ancora particolarmente diffusi in ambito italiano si sono anche testate le proprietà psicometriche della Cultural Intelligence Scale e del Diversity Perspective Questionnaire.In the field of organizational psychology, Diversity Management is a topic of growing interest. Studies on Diversity Management have been led by the gradual awareness that for organizations, fostering diversity not only helps to ensure the satisfaction and performance of the individual workers, but also offers benefits in terms of business and recognition from external stakeholders and social context. Podsiadlowski et al. (2012) identified five different ways organizations approach diversity – Reinforcing Homogeneity, Color-Blind, Fairness, Access, Integration – that can be seen on a continuum from defensive, to reactive, to proactive attitude. Aim of this work is taking a picture of the organisational cultures of difference in the Italian context in order to understand "the state of the art". Moreover, this work aims to understand: if and what kind of interactions the organisational cultures of difference can have with other organizational life factors and what kind of impact the organisational cultures of difference can have on organizational creativity and individual well-being. In order to offer a contribution to the validation of two tools not yet particularly widespread in terms of use in the Italian context we also tested the psychometric properties of: the Cultural Intelligence Scale and the Diversity Perspective Questionnaire.
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Fraisse, Geneviève. "La difference des sexes recherches sur une forme de la connaissance." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0110.
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Penser la difference des sexes ne releve d'aucun champ de recherche deja constitue. En philosophie, la difference des sexes n'est pas reconnue comme objet philosophique. La recherche menee depuis plus de vingt ans a eu pour objectif de produire des elements de savoir propres a constituer ce champ. En traversant l'histoire de la pensee feministe de l'epoque contemporaine j'ai tente de repondre a des questions de definition: definition de la raison des femmes, de la citoyennete moderne, de l'emancipation politique. Faire l'histoire de la pensee renvoyait alors necessairemment a une lecture genealogique de la modernite: il fallait comprendre l'exclusion des femmes de la respublica au lendemain de la revolution francaise, voir l'enchainement logique de leur inclusion, et deceler l'issue de cette dynamique sous le terme de "discrimination". La lecture de la modernite indique clairement la difficulte a donner un contenu au mot "egalite" des sexes. Or l'analyse de la modernite permet aussi de lire attentivement les philosophes. Avec le savoir historique et son analyse politique, l'abord de la philosophie de ces deux derniers siecles montre comment la difference des sexes intervient dans le travail de la pensee: "la question des femmes" et de leur egalite renvoie les philosophes a une lucidite des enjeux tres interessante; plus meme, la difference des sexes apparait comme un operateur non negligeable dans la dynamique de la fin de la metaphysique. Penser la difference des sexes peut ainsi devenir un objectif philosophique. La reprise de la tradition explique comment l'eros et l'amour tinrent lieu d'une pensee sur les sexes, et indique par la meme la double place de la difference des sexes dans l'histoire de la pensee: comme difference premiere a partir de quoi l'humanite se pense, comme un moyen d'echange dans la pensee. Ainsi la difference sexuelle est non pas ce qui est pense, mais ce avec et a partir de quoi on pense. L'ensemble de mes travaux releve d'une recherche d'intelligibilite, construction d'un champ epistemologique et genealogie de la moderniteThe notion of sexual difference does not belong to an already constituted field of research. In philosophy, it is not recognized as a philosophical object. In the last twenty years, my research's main objective has been the production of the epistemological conditions necessary for the constitution of such a field. Through the history of modern and contemporary feminist thought i have tried to answer questions of definition: the definitions of women's reason, of modern citizenship, of political emancipation. Dealing with the history of thought requires a genealogical reading of modernity: my purpose was to understand how women have been excluded from the res publica in the wake of the french revolution, and then how they have been at the same time included and discriminated against. My reading of modernity clearly shows how difficult it is to give a content to the notion of "equality" of the sexes. My analysis of modernity also allows and calls for an attentive reading of the major philosophers. Such a reading shows how the difference of the sexes intervenes in the very process of philosophical thought: the "women's question" raises interesting stakes for philosophers, while the difference of the sexes appears as an important operator in the dynamic process of the end of metaphysics. Thinking through the difference of the sexes thus becomes a philosophical objective. Western philosophical tradition both shows how eros and love have been used as a way to think about the sexes and, consequently, how philosophy has envisaged the place of sexual difference in its own history. In fact, the difference of the sexes intervenes in two ways in philosophical thought: first as a primal difference through which humanity thinks about itself, and second as a means of exchange within thought itself. For philosophers, sexual difference is thus not an object of thought but rather an origin and a means through which thought is produced
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Künnecke, Arndt. "Eine Hürde auf dem Weg zur EU-Mitgliedschaft? der unterschiedliche Minderheitenbegriff der EU und der Türkei." Hamburg Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-3123-9.htm.
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Nilsson, Sara. "Leder den ökade alkoholkonsumtionen till fler trafikolyckor?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5998.
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I denna studie undersöks huruvida den ökade alkoholkonsumtionen utgör ett problem för att
uppnå Nollvisionen. Genom att använda experimentet med lördagsöppna Systembolag
estimeras effekterna av en ökning i alkoholkonsumtion på trafikolyckor. Försöket med de
lördagsöppna Systembolagsbutikerna i sex län ledde till en ökad alkoholkonsumtion med 3,7
procent. En Difference-in-Difference metod används för att jämföra effekterna av denna
ökning på trafikolyckor i de sex försökslän med utvecklingen i en kontrollgrupp. Resultaten
visar att konsumtionsökningen har ökat det totala antalet trafikolyckor i försökslänen med
8,5±2,6 procent i jämförelse med kontrollgruppen. Effekterna visar sig även skilja sig åt
mellan olika olycksutfall; större effekter uppvisades för de svårare olycksutfallskategorierna.
Den starkaste effekten uppvisades för kategorin svårt skadade som ökade med hela 26,4±5,6
procent. Resultaten tyder alltså på att den ökade alkoholkonsumtionen utgör ett problem för
att uppnå Nollvisionen.
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Lindgren, Emma, and Olivia Wright. "Sätter flygskatten några spår på vårt resande? : En studie om den svenska flygskattens påverkan på det inhemska flyg- och tågresandet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433809.
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Sveriges regering införde 1 april 2018 en passagerarskatt på flygresor, med målet att flyget ska bära sina egna klimatkostnader och minska flygets miljöpåverkan. Denna studies syfte är att undersöka hur den svenska flygskatten har påverkat antalet inrikesflyg- och tågresor i Sverige. Metoden som används är den kvasi-experimentella metoden difference-in-difference, där Sverige används som behandlingsgrupp och Finland som kontrollgrupp. Perioden som studeras är januari 2013 till december 2019. Resultatet i studien visar att förändringen i antalet tågresor är betydligt större än minskningen i antalet flygresor, vilket beror på den starkare ökande trenden i tågresandet som råder i Sverige. Effekten av flygskatten på det inhemska tågresandet går därför inte att utläsa i studien. En minskning av antalet inrikesflygresor i Sverige med 53 000 resor i månaden kan emellertid utläsas. Detta resultat är statistiskt signifikant på fem procentsnivå och påvisar att flygskatten haft en effekt på inrikesflygresandet.On the 1st of April 2018, the Swedish government introduced a tax on air travel, with the intention that the airlines should bear their own climate costs and to reduce the plane’s environmental impact. The object of this study is to examine how the Swedish aviation tax has affected the amount of total internal flight and train journeys in Sweden. The method used is the quasi-experimental method difference-in-differences, where Sweden is used as the treatment group and Finland as the control group. The period of analysis is from January 2013 to December 2019. The result of this study shows that the increase in the amount of train passengers is considerably larger than the decrease in the amount of flight passengers, which depicts the stronger upgoing trend in train journeys in Sweden. Therefore, it is not possible to see the effect of the aviation tax on the internal train journeys in this study. Yet it is feasible to see a diminishment in the amount of internal flight journeys by 53 000 journeys a month in Sweden. This result is statistically significant on a level of five percent and demonstrates that the aviation tax has had an effect on the amount of internal flight journeys.
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CAVIOLA, GIADA. "Impatto dell’ambiente materno precoce e del sesso sul comportamento e metabolismo in due modelli murini KO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1200998.
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Le interazioni gene-ambiente svolgono un ruolo critico nella modulazione dello sviluppo dell’organismo: in particolare l’ambiente materno precoce sembra essere un fattore chiave dello sviluppo neuro-comportamentale. Il legame tra la madre e il figlio infatti è considerato la relazione sociale più comune e duratura nei mammiferi, filogeneticamente conservato tra le diverse specie. Evidenze sperimentali indicano che l’ambiente materno precoce può modulare la regolazione dell’espressione genica; diversi studi hanno dimostrato che animali che avevano ricevuto maggiori cure materne durante il primo periodo post nascita, presentavano minori livelli di ansia, minore produzione di ACTH e corticosterone, minore invecchiamento nell’ippocampo e maggiore attività immunitaria in risposta allo stress. Negli esprimenti condotti abbiamo approfondito come l’interazione tra ambiente materno precoce e lo specifico background genetico, in relazione al sesso, agisca sul metabolismo e il comportamento. Abbiamo esaminato quindi due diversi modelli murini con modificazioni geniche: il primo è un modello caratterizzato da un knockout condizionale per il recettore Y1r nei neuroni eccitatori del proencefalo; il secondo è un knockout selettivo per TLQP21 (ΔTLQP-21), peptide derivato di VGF. Per testare l’ipotesi che gli effetti della delezione genica possono variare in relazione all’ambiente materno precoce, nel primo esperimento Npy KO e controlli di entrambi i sessi sono stati dati in adozione alla nascita a madri ad alto o basso grado di cure materne (rispettivamente CD1 swiss, FVB – C57/Bl6, Balb/c). In età adulta i topi sono stati sottoposti a test comportamentali per valutare l’aspetto emozionale, sociale ed aggressivo, e a test metabolici in risposta a dieta standard o ad alto contenuto di grassi. Nel secondo esperimento abbiamo eseguito un’analisi dettagliata dell’effetto dell’ambiente materno precoce sugli animali controllo del modello Npy Y1r KO. Nel terzo esperimento infine abbiamo osservato il comportamento materno e il successo riproduttivo in topi ΔTLQP-21 eterozigoti o omozigoti, ed eseguito una caratterizzazione della prole analizzando comportamento emozionale e simil-depressivo negli individui adulti di entrambi i sessi. In generale i risultati del primo studio hanno mostrato che i maschi, ma non le femmine, avevano un aumento dei comportamenti simil-ansiosi e pesavano meno dei loro rispettivi controlli solo quando allevati da madri adottive ad alto grado di cure materne. Nel secondo esperimento abbiamo dimostrato che l’ambiente materno agisce sullo sviluppo della prole ma l’impatto non è ascrivibile soltanto alle variazioni delle cure materne; infatti anche la quantità e la qualità del latte materno e fattori nutrizionali potrebbero essere variabili importanti che influenzano il comportamento e il metabolismo in età adulta. Infine, i risultati del terzo studio hanno indicato che la mutazione nel gene TLQP21 influenza il comportamento materno: genitori che avevano fenotipo mutante ed eterozigote mostravano un livello minore di cure materne (definito dal tempo trascorso nella posizione di arched back) se confrontati con topi wild-type. Tale differenza ha effetto anche sul fenotipo comportamentale degli animali adulti, in particolare riguardo al comportamento emozionale e alle relative differenze sessuali. Saranno dunque necessari ulteriori studi per comprendere il ruolo della nutrizione e del latte materno nello sviluppo comportamentale della prole negli animali Ko e Wt del modello Npy, e per capire in maniera dettagliata quale sia il ruolo dell’ambiente materno nei topi ΔTLQP-21.I risultati ottenuti sottolineano quanto sia importante prendere in considerazione la complessa interazione tra gene, ambiente materno precoce ed effetti legati al sesso quando si lavora con modelli murini geneticamente modificati per identificare funzioni specifiche dei geni.Interactions between genes and environment are recognized to play a critical role in modulating the development of the organism. More in details early maternal environment seems to be a key factor in shaping neuro-behavioral development; the mother-infant bond is the strongest and more common social relationship in mammal species and phylogenetically highly conserved. Experimental evidence demonstrated that maternal behavior may act on the regulation of genetic expression; in adult life, the offspring that had received high levels of maternal cares showed lower anxiety, less ACTH and Corticosterone production, less aging effect on hyppocampus and more immune activity in response to stress. In the present experiments we investigated the interaction between early maternal environment and specific genetic background, in relation to sex on metabolism and behaviour. We examined two different genetically modified mice models; the first one is a mouse model characterized by a conditional knock-out of the Y1 receptor in the excitatory neurons of the forebrain; the second one is a knockin mouse model of selective loss of the VGF peptide TLQP-21. To test the hypothesis that the effects of gene deletion may vary in relation to early maternal environment, in the first experiment male and female, Npy Ko and control mice were fostered at birth to dams that displayed high or low levels of maternal care (CD1 swiss, FVB – C57/Bl6, Balb/c respectively). As adults mice were tested for emotional, aggressive and social behavior and metabolic changes in response to standard or high fat diets. In the second experiment we performed a detailed analysis of the effect of early maternal environment on control animals of the Npy Y1r KO model. In the third experiment we observed maternal behavior and reproductive success in ΔTLQP-21 heterozygotes or homozygotes breeders and characterized their offspring by an analysis of emotional and depression-like behaviors in adult males and females. Overall the results of the first study showed that males, but not females, had an increase in axiety-like behavior and weighted less than their controls, but only when reared by foster mothers displaying high levels of maternal care. In the second experiment, we demonstrated that early maternal environment affected offspring development but its impact can not be ascribed entirely to the variation in maternal cares; in fact also maternal milk quality/quantity and nutritional factors could be important variables influencing behavior and metabolism in adult’s life. Lastly, results in the third study indicated that the mutation in TLQP21 gene influence maternal behavior, with mutant or heterozygotes breeders displaying lower amount of maternal care (defined by the time spent in the arched back position) when compared with wild type mice. Such a difference affected the offspring subsequent behavioral phenotype as adults, particularly emotional behaviour and sex related differences . Further study will be necessary to investigate the role of nutrition and maternal milk in metabolic and behavioural development of offspring in both NPY KO and WT animals, and to better understand the role of early maternal environment in ΔTLQP-21 mouse. The present findings, however, highlight the importance to take into consideration and control for the complex interaction between genes, early maternal environment and sex-related effects when working with GM mouse models to uncover specific gene functions.
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Voss, Heinz-Jürgen. "Making Sex Revisited : Dekonstruktion des Geschlechts aus biologisch-medizinischer Perspektive /." Bielefeld : Transcript, 2010. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3391266&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Dea, John Edwin III. "Differences between doctoral level nurse practitioner programs and master level nurse practitioner programs as reflected in the terminal objectives and curricular patterns." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/dea/DeaJ0508.pdf.
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This study examined differences between doctoral level nurse practitioner programs and master\'s level prepared nurse practitioner programs as reflected in the terminal objectives and curricular patterns. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing\'s (AACN) decision in October 2004 led to adoption of the goal to have preparation in advanced nursing occur at the doctorate level (Doctorate of Nursing Practice or DNP). Other forces driving the DNP are increasing acuity of health problems, an aging population, increasing uninsured individuals and shortage of nursing faculty. Nursing educators must be proactive in meeting these challenges by preparing advanced practice providers with the necessary education and skills. The design of this study was a cross-sectional survey conducted between January 16 and February 10, 2008. Twenty DNP programs and thirty masters programs were randomly selected. The survey was developed in a Snap9® program and was sent by email to be completed on line. Survey results indicated higher numbers of required clinical hours correlated with higher pass rates in the board examinations. Additional credit hours were also found to result in higher pass rates. The study also indicated differences in the terminal objectives in master\'s programs compared to doctoral programs utilizing the Cognitive domain in Bloom\'s taxonomy. The findings from this study are limited and should be interpreted with care as the sample size was small.
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Ahrlind, Kevin, and Dennis Olsson. "Sveriges flygskatt : En empirisk studie av den svenska flygskattens effekt påantalet resenärer." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190494.
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This study investigates the impact of the flight departure tax introduced in Sweden 1st of April 2018. The study focuses on how the departure tax has affected the numbersof flight passengers with domestic and international destinations. The analysis covers the time the period 2010-2019. A Difference-in-Difference approach and a dynamic Difference-in-Difference approach was used in this study. The results indicate that theflight tax reduced the numbers of passengers traveling both domestically and internationally in short term. Furthermore the estimations show that the tax had its largest effectduring the second year compared to the first year when the tax was introduced. However the effect seems to reduce in the last quartile of 2019 prominently among domestic travelers. The study suggests that further reaserch should be done in the field with moredetailed data of how the different tax rates in the swedish depature tax affected thenumbers of passengers covered by those tax rates. Subsequently a further research on how the tax affected the cross price elasticity between passengers traveling by train andairplane is suggested.
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PAGAN, ELEONORA. "Sex-based differences in cancer immunotherapy efficacy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/306599.
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Nella ricerca medica, nonostante la crescente evidenza che il sesso potrebbe essere un modificatore dell’effetto dei trattamenti, differenze basate sul sesso nella presentazione, progressione, eventi avversi e nel trattamento delle malattie sono raramente analizzate.
Solo nel 2018, Conforti e colleghi hanno evidenziato per la prima volta che considerando pazienti affetti da diversi tipi di tumori in stadio avanzato e trattati con gli inibitori dei checkpoint immunitari, in monoterapia o come terapia combinata, gli uomini ottenevano un beneficio maggiore in sopravvivenza rispetto alle donne.
L'obiettivo generale di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di estendere le conoscenze precedenti (limitate) delle differenze basate sul sesso nell'efficacia dell'immunoterapia e di esplorare i meccanismi a livello molecolare che regolano la risposta immunitaria antitumorale negli uomini e nelle donne.
In primo luogo abbiamo studiato se, e confermato che, le donne con carcinoma polmonare avanzato traggono maggiore beneficio rispetto agli uomini dalla combinazione della chemioterapia con un anti-PD-1/PD-L1. Abbiamo anche trovato un'interazione tra il sesso e l'efficacia in termini di sopravvivenza di due strategie terapeutiche (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 da soli o in combinazione con la chemioterapia rispetto alla chemioterapia standard) con direzione opposta dell'effetto negli uomini e nelle donne: gli uomini traggono maggior beneficio con un trattamento anti-PD-1 da solo, mentre le donne hanno una migliore sopravvivenza con un anti-PD-1/PD-L1 più chemioterapia.
Successivamente abbiamo studiato il dimorfismo di genere della risposta all'immunoterapia contro il tumore del polmone, ipotizzando che l'eterogeneità della risposta a diverse strategie immunoterapeutiche fosse dovuta a differenze nei meccanismi molecolari che guidano la risposta immunitaria antitumorale negli uomini e nelle donne. Abbiamo osservato un minor riconoscimento del tumore e una minore infiltrazione del sistema immunitario negli uomini rispetto alle donne. In particolare, negli uomini, abbiamo riscontrato una minore abbondanza di cellule immunitarie nel microambiente tumorale, un più alto T-cell exclusion score, una minore diversità di repertorio dei recettori delle cellule T e una minore quantità di ubiquitous TCR. Un'infiltrazione immunitaria così povera dei tumori negli uomini potrebbe dipendere da una presentazione dei neoantigeni tumorali meno efficiente al sistema immunitario, a causa dei livelli di espressione più bassi delle molecole di antigene leucocitario umano (HLA) di classe I e II, maggiore frequenza di I perdita di eterozigosi per HLA di tipo I e/o alterazioni in altre componenti del meccanismo di presentazione dell'antigene. Abbiamo anche dimostrato che, tra le vie molecolari e i processi biologici più arricchiti nel microambiente tumorale femminile, ve ne erano molti direttamente correlati alla risposta immunitaria antitumorale. Al contrario, nessuno dei gene sets trovati significativamente arricchiti nei tumori maschili era direttamente correlato alla risposta immunitaria antitumorale. Inoltre, abbiamo fornito un chiaro esempio delle potenziali implicazioni cliniche dei nostri risultati, mostrando differenze significative nell'associazione tra carico mutazionale del tumore e il beneficio di sopravvivenza osservato in uomini e donne trattati con anticorpi anti-PD-1/PD-L1.
Abbiamo implementato diversi metodi statistici: le meta-analisi per combinare i risultati di diversi studi; il modello di Cox per analizzare i dati di sopravvivenza; le spline cubiche ristrette come mezzo per indagare gli scostamenti dalla linearità e per modellare la relazione tra covariate continue e gli outcome di sopravvivenza di interesse. Inoltre, abbiamo implementato la metodologia Gene Set Enrichment Analysis nel software statistico SAS con un’estensione alle meta-analisi.In the last decade lots of research efforts were put in the field of immunotherapy, a relatively new class of treatments that boost the body’s natural defenses to fight against cancer. In medical research, despite growing evidence that sex (i.e., differences between men and women at biological level) might be a disease treatment modifier, sex-based differences in the presentation, progression, adverse events as well as in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of diseases were rarely analyzed and reported. Only in 2018, Conforti and colleagues found, for the first time, that considering patients affected by several types of advanced cancers, and treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy or as a combination therapy, males derive larger effect on OS then females do. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to extend previous (limited) knowledge on sex-based differences in cancer immunotherapy efficacy and to further explore mechanisms at molecular level that regulate anticancer immune response in men and women. First, we investigated whether, and confirmed that, women with advanced lung cancer derive larger benefit than men from the combination of chemotherapy to an anti-PD-1/PD-L1. We found also an interaction between patients’ sex and the efficacy in OS of two therapeutic strategies (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 alone or in combination with chemotherapy compared to standard chemotherapy) with opposite direction of the effect in men and women: men derive larger benefit than women with an anti-PD-1 treatment alone, while women have better survival with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 plus chemotherapy. Then we deeply studied the sex-based dimorphism of the response to lung cancer immunotherapy, conjecturing that the heterogeneity of response to different immunotherapeutic strategies might be due to differences in the molecular mechanisms that drive anticancer immune response in men and women. We observed a less efficient tumor recognition and infiltration by immune system in men compared to women. In particular, in men, we found a lower abundance of a number of immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), a significantly higher T-cell exclusion score, a smaller T-cell receptors repertoire diversity and a lower amount of ubiquitous expanded T-cell receptors. We found that such poorer immune infiltration of tumors in men may depend on a less efficient tumor neoantigens presentation to the immune-system, due to lower expression levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II molecules, higher frequency of HLA type I loss of heterozygosity and/or alterations in other component of the antigen presentation machinery. We also showed that, among the molecular pathways and biological processes most significantly enriched in the TME of women, there were many directly related to the anticancer immune response. Contrary, none of the gene sets found significantly enriched in tumors arising in men were directly related to anticancer immune responses. Moreover, we provided a clear example of the potential clinical implications of our findings, showing significant differences in the association between tumor mutational burden and survival benefit observed in men and women treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. We implemented several statistical methods to answer the different questions depending on the aim of each study. We used meta-analyses to combine results from several studies and to produce estimates of the overall sex-effect of interest. We used cox proportional hazard regression model to analyze survival data and, as a mean to investigate departures from linearity, restricted cubic splines were applied to model the relationship between continuous covariates and the survival outcome of interest. Several bioinformatic tools were used to process the data. Moreover, we implemented the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis methodology in the statistical software SAS with an extension to meta-analysis.
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Doberauer, Johannes. "Regionale Differenzen der Spongiosastruktur in den Brustwirbelkörpern 2 und 8." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-140549.
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Iannuzzi, Francesco Eugenio. "Assemblare le differenze. Il lavoro tra frammentazioni, migrazioni e resistenze nell'industria alberghiera veneziana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424952.
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Ispirato dalla crescita del settore dei servizi degli ultimi anni, il lavoro nell'ospitalità ha gradualmente attirato l’attenzione di studiosi di diversa estrazione disciplinare. Oggigiorno, l'ospitalità è pensata come la quintessenza degli studi sul lavoro sia in virtù della sua capacità di assemblare alcune tra le principali tendenze del lavoro contemporaneo sia perché gli alberghi si presentano come luoghi ideali per mostrare la produzione e la riproduzione di gerarchie occupazionali e stratificazioni sociali dentro i contesti lavorativi.
La maggior parte della letteratura ha finora affrontato le sfide poste dal lavoro alberghiero attraverso due macro-approcci analitici. Il primo, più vicino alla prospettiva dei geografi, si concentra sulle dinamiche spazio-temporali dell'ospitalità e sulla relazione tra la produzione multi-scalare, i processi di disintegrazione verticale – incluso l’outsourcing - e la frammentazione contrattuale della forza lavoro. Il secondo, più interessato alle trasformazioni del lavoro, si focalizza sulle dinamiche di interazione, sulla produzione di differenze e disuguaglianze nei contesti lavorativi e sulla stratificazione dei mercati del lavoro.
Sulla base di una ricerca empirica svolta nel settore alberghiero di Venezia, questa tesi intende mostrare come l'intersezione delle caratteristiche sociali dei lavoratori plasmi l'organizzazione dei rapporti produttivi influenzando così la divisione del lavoro. Più precisamente, l’obiettivo di questa ricerca è di rispondere ai seguenti interrogativi: a) se e come le forme di differenziazione sociale interagiscono con la segmentazione produttiva e del mercato del lavoro e quali sono le eventuali conseguenze di questa interazione sull’organizzazione del processo produttivo? b) cosa influenza la divisione tecnica e sociale del lavoro dell’industria alberghiera? c) quali sono gli effetti che le frammentazioni produttive e sociali producono sulle relazioni quotidiane dei lavoratori? d) quali sono le forme di resistenza e agency che i lavoratori, individualmente o collettivamente, mettono in campo, dentro e fuori il processo produttivo, per sfidare le particolari esperienze di disuguaglianza e per ricomporre le fratture sociali?
In questo lavoro sosteniamo che, per cogliere gli effetti della gerarchizzazione sociale e occupazionale che segnano l’esperienza quotidiana dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici degli alberghi, è necessario prestare attenzione ai modi in cui la divisione tecnica del lavoro si sovrappone con la divisione sociale dei lavoratori. L’intersezione tra parcellizzazione produttiva e occupazionale, segmentazione del mercato del lavoro e stratificazione sociale dei lavoratori ci permette di esplorare le forme di frammentazione multipla che caratterizzano le relazioni produttive e sociali degli alberghi e che riproducono le esperienze di diseguaglianza.
L’analisi congiunta di questi tre processi di frammentazione si fonda sulla proposta teorica ed empirica di considerare ogni singolo albergo come capace di riprodurre, in scala ridotta, il funzionamento e gli effetti delle reti produttive globali. Pur rimanendo vincolato ad un luogo, l’albergo si è mostrato infatti capace di utilizzare alcune delle condizioni sociali ed economiche di valorizzazione (che solitamente altre aziende si procurano con i processi di delocalizzazione), di frammentare la produzione – via outsourcing – e segmentare il lavoro senza disperderli spazialmente. Così facendo, l’albergo produce al suo interno alcuni dei fenomeni che sono normalmente osservabili tra e lungo le reti produttive, fra cui la moltiplicazione e la successiva connessione di forme e regimi del lavoro differenti e l’assemblaggio di vicissitudini ed eterogeneità sociali. Al contempo, le esperienze quotidiane dei lavoratori degli alberghi sono risultate essere profondamente segnate dalla riproduzione di confini sociali e di gerarchie occupazionali, di diritti, di salari e di potere. Infatti, pur lavorando insieme e in uno spazio produttivo relativamente ridotto, questi lavoratori si riconoscono in un destino produttivo e sociale differente.
La ricerca è stata condotta attraverso l’utilizzo di tecniche qualitative e in modo particolare di interviste in profondità con lavoratori e lavoratrici, sindacalisti e manager del settore alberghiero di Venezia tra gli anni 2014 -2018.Inspired by the growth of the service sector over the past decades, the issue of the hospitality labour has gradually gained the attention of scholars from different disciplines. Nowadays, the hospitality industry is regarded as the quintessence of labour studies, both by virtue of its ability to assemble some of the main trends of the contemporary labour and because every single hotel is an ideal place to show the production and reproduction of occupational hierarchies and social stratifications. A large part of the literature has hitherto addressed some of the challenges posed by the hotel labour through two macro analytical approaches. The first, which is close to geographers, focuses on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the hospitality and on the relationship between multi-scalar production, the processes of vertical disintegration – included outsourcing – and the contractual fragmentation of the labour force. The second, more interested in grasping labour transformations, deals with the dynamics of interaction, the production of social differences in the workplaces and the labour market segmentation. Based on an empirical research carried out in the Venetian hospitality industry, the purpose of this thesis is to show how the intersection of social identities of workers shapes the organization of productive relationships, thus affecting the division of labour. More to the point, the aim of the research is to answer to the following questions: a) whether and how does the social differentiation of the workforce interact with the segmentation of production and labour market and what are the consequences of this relationship on the labour process organization? What affects the social and technical division of labour of the hospitality industry? What are the effects that the fragmentation generates on everyday social relations among workers? What are the forms of resistance and agency that workers - individually or collectively- put in place as inside as outside the workplace to challenge the experiences of inequality and to reassemble the social fractures? In this work, it is argued that to capture the effects of social and occupational hierarchization marking the everyday experiences of hotel workers, it is necessary to pay attention to the ways in which the technical division of labour overlaps with the social division of workers. The intersection between production and occupational fragmentation, labour market segmentation and social stratification of workers allow us to explore both the forms of multiple fragmentations which characterize the hotel labour and the reproduction of the experiences of inequality among workers. The joint analysis of the fragmentation process which characterizes the hotel labour is based on the empirical and theoretical proposal to consider every single hotel as able to reproduce, on a local scale, the specific functioning and consequences of the global production networks. As a matter of fact, a hotel, while being prevented to delocalize, is able to use locally some of the economic, political and social condition of exploitation (that usually other firms shall ensure with offshoring process), to disarticulate the production process - via outsourcing - and to segment the labour force without spatial dispersion of activities. In doing so, it produces some of the phenomena which are normally traceable across and along the global production networks, including the multiplication and the subsequent connection of forms and regimes of labour and the assemblage of social vicissitudes and heterogeneities. At the same time, social relations of hotel workers are deeply affected by the reproduction of social borders and by occupational, wage and power hierarchies. While working together in a relatively limited space, indeed, those workers recognize themselves in a different social and productive fate. The research has been conducted by using qualitative methods especially in-depth interviews with workers, unionist and managers of the Venetian hospitality industry during the years 2014 -2018
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Straub, H. J. Robert. "Überprüfung der Validität eines funktionell kurzen Beines auf der Seite der Ilium-Subluxation." Master's thesis, Dresden International University, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236518.
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Die Anwendung von Beinlängentests spielt in der Chiropraktik als auch in der manuellen Medizin eine große Rolle. In den meisten Fällen ist beschrieben, dass Beinlängendifferenzen durch Subluxationen im Beckengürtel entstehen (Ausnahmen werden in Punkt 5.4 dargelegt). Diese These zu überprüfen und mit eigenen Erfahrungen abzugleichen, ist dem Autor schon seit geraumer Zeit ein Anliegen. Es ist auch zu klären, welche Art der Beckensubluxation zur Beinlängendifferenz (BLD) führt. Die Voraussetzungen für diese Untersuchung sind in der eigenen Praxis des Autors, im Haus der Chiropraktik gegeben, da alle Patienten ausschließlich nach Vorlage von Röntgenbildern behandelt werden. Diese werden in dem dafür entwickelten Programm X-Ray Solution vermessen und gespeichert.
In der Sacro Occipital Technik (SOT) von Dr. M. B. DeJarnette DC, der Aktivator Technik, als auch der Thompson Terminal Point Technik (TTPT) wird auf der Seite des kurzen Beines von einem PI oder Ex Ilium ausgegangen. Als PI Ilium wird eine Beckenverschiebung nach posterior und inferior beschrieben. Referenzpunkt dafür ist die Spina iliaca posterior superior (SIPS). Verschiebt sich diese nach extern, so wird diese Subluxation als Ex Ilium bezeichnet. Je nach Technik werden aber vorher die Halswirbelsäule als Verursacher sowie eine bestimmte Art von Knie- und Fuß-Subluxationspattern ausgeschlossen.
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Dorr, Mareike. "Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen in den theoretischen Grundlagen der Neoklassik und der Neuen Institutionenökonomik /." Duisburg : WiKu-Verl, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016464530&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Dorr, Mareike. "Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen in den theoretischen Grundlagen der Neoklassik und der Neuen Institutionenökonomik." Duisburg Köln WiKu, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987695851/04.
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Jaramillo, Gutiérrez Ainhoa. "Gender differences in strategic and risky environments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10362.
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We analyze experimental results obtained from the ultimatum game framed as a situation of salary negotiation. First, we frame ultimatum bargaining as a situation of salary negotiation. Second, we introduce a real task which has to be performed by employee-subjects as a consequence of accepting a given salary. We show that real effort raises salaries. In fact, this result is due to both higher salary offers by employers and higher rejection rates by employees. Besides, we study gender differences in individual decision making under uncertainty using the lottery panel test introduced in Sabater-Grande and Georgantzís (2002). Regarding risk aversion, our results confirm that female subjects are more risk averse than males. Regarding sensitivity to risk, female subjects are less attracted than men by the linear risk premia used in the design of the four panels.
Our evidence suggests that gender and risk-related effects in ultimatum bargaining can and should be disentangled as two separate idiosyncratic dimensions. Specifically, although we confirm the broadly accepted result that females are more risk averse than males, we find that offers made by females are lower than those posted by male subjects. In fact, the gender effect becomes stronger once risk attitudes are accounted for. Gender effects are found to depend also on cultural differences. In sessions with Greek and Spanish subjects we obtain gender differences of the same sign and similar sizes, whereas British females' behavior differs from that of males only in the case of employee subjects and in the opposite direction to the gender effect reported on subjects from the two Mediterranean countries.
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Spring, Ted. "Uncertainty comparison of Digital Elevation Models derived from different image file formats." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17193.
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Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have become increasingly popular recently for surveying and mapping because of their efficiency in acquiring remotely sensed data in a short amount of time and the low cost associated with them. They are used to generate digital elevation models (DEM) derived from aerial photography for various purposes such as the documentation of cultural heritage sites, archaeological surveying or earthwork volume calculations. This thesis investigates the possible effects different file formats may have on the quality of elevation models. In this thesis, an UAS survey was simulated using a digital camera to produce six DEMs based on JPEG, TIFF and RAW format in Agisoft Photoscan by taking two sets of images of a city model, in different light conditions. Furthermore, a reference DEM was produced in Geomagic Studio using data from a Leica Nova MS50 Multistation. The DEMs were then compared in Geomagic Control. The results from the 3D comparison in Geomagic Control show that the standard deviation of all elevation models is 4 mm with the exception of the elevation model derived from raw-edited images taken with lighting, which has a standard deviation of nearly 6 mm. Also, all of the models have an average deviation of 0.4 mm or less. The significant deviations in all DEMs occur in areas where the multistation lacked vision of certain objects of the city model such as walls, or on the edges of the analysed area. Additionally, the georeferencing results from Photoscan show that the DEMs based on normal light condition images have slightly lower georeferencing errors than the DEMs with lighting. It has been concluded that it is difficult to say whether file formats have any noticeably effect on the uncertainty of digital elevation models.
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Krautz, Martin. "Bestimmung von relevanten Veränderungen des Mundgesundheitszustandes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-64218.
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Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Bestimmung der kleinsten relevanten Veränderung des wahrgenommenen Mundgesundheitszustandes, der Minimal Important Difference (MID), des Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Die MID sollte für die deutsche Version des OHIP mit 49 Fragen (OHIP-G49), die deutsche Kurzversion mit 14 Fragen (OHIP-G14) sowie für die einzelnen Dimensionen der deutschen und englischen Version des OHIP bestimmt werden.
Es handelt sich um eine klinische Fallserie mit 224 konsekutiv rekrutierten, prothe-tischen Patienten. Die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität wurde mittels des OHIP- G49 an zwei Terminen vor der Behandlung (Basisuntersuchungen) sowie vier und sechs Wochen nach Behandlungsende (Nachkontrolluntersuchun-gen) bestimmt. Zu den Nachkontrolluntersuchungen schätzten die Patienten zu-sätzlich die Veränderung ihres Mundgesundheitszustandes gegenüber dem Zeit-punkt vor der Therapie anhand einer globalen Frage ein. Anhand der Ergebnisse der Basis- und Nachkontrolluntersuchungen wurde der Median der Differenzen der OHIP-Summenwerte errechnet. Dieser Wert entspricht der MID. Für die deutsche Version des OHIP mit 49 Fragen wurde ein Wert von 6,0 OHIP-Punkten ermittelt. Der Wert für den kurzen Fragebogen OHIP-G14 betrug 2,0 OHIP-Punkte. Für die Dimensionen der deutschen und englischen Sprachversion des OHIP konnten nur teilweise Ergebnisse gefunden werden.
Das Studienergebnis lässt den Schluss zu, dass für beide untersuchten Versionen des OHIP ein klar definierter, minimal relevanter Unterschied (MID) der Summen-werte existiert. Die MID unterstützt die Interpretation der klinischen Bedeutung von Veränderungen des vom Patienten wahrgenommenen Mundgesundheitszustan-des. Sie stellt eine wichtige Größe zur Bewertung prothetischer Therapieeffekte dar.
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Eriksson, Joseph. "Finanskrisens effekt på utbildning : En paneldatastudie på kommunnivå över sambandet mellan finanskrisensrealekonomiska konsekvenser på Sveriges ekonomi och den potentiellainverkan på de nationella proven." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-430498.
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Finanskrisen 2008–2009 medförde förödande konsekvenser för hela globen förra decennietvilka sipprade in och orsakade rippeleffekter på oväntade områden. Uppsatsens syfte kommervara att undersöka ett outforskat område, nämligen finanskrisens kausala inverkan påstudieresultat. Studien kommer ämna att använda instrument som mäter finanskrisens effektmot respektive kommun tillsammans med difference-in-difference metoden för att mäta omkommuner med hög exponering mot konjunkturkänsliga branscher presterar relativt sämre påde nationella proven i engelska, svenska, matematik och genomsnittligt meritvärde jämförtmed kommuner med låg exponering. Resultatet var att difference-in-difference estimateten förmatematik och genomsnittligt meritvärde var negativa och statistiskt signifikanta menpräglades av osäkerhet.
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Blot, Christian. "Immunotoxicité des molécules médicamenteuses : mécanismes impliqués dans les différences inter-espèces." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114844.
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Onana, Marie Biloa. "Der Sklavenaufstand von Haiti ethnische Differenz und Humanitätsideale in der Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts." Köln Weimar Wien Böhlau, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994074506/04.
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NESSI, CECILIA. "Existing in/difference. Lesbian perspectives on urban encounters." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/258898.
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Il presente lavoro si propone di apportare una prospettiva queer ed intersezionale al dibattito sociologico attorno alla diversità, alle differenze e alle minoranze urbane. Partendo da un approccio interdisciplinare, questo studio esplora il significato dellincontro con la differenza a partire da soggettività lesbiche, un posizionamento subalterno reso dominante allinterno della cornice omonazionalista. Lobbiettivo è quello di esplorare la città a partire dalle esperienze quotidiane di un soggetto minoritario, quello lesbico, raramente oggetto di attenzione nella letteratura non anglosassone. Si tratta di uno studio qualitativo interdisciplinare basato su un ragionamento abduttivo e radicato (grounded theory) e costante comparazione. Ho svolto due anni di osservazione etnografica tra il 2015 e il 2018 a Milano, Italia, e Bruxelles, Belgio. Inoltre ho intervistato 45 persone, 29 partecipanti e 16 informatori ed informatrici privilegiate. Le partecipanti sono state selezionate allorientamento sessuale e rispetto alla loro relazione con la città (essere immigrate in città). I risultati mostrano che le partecipanti si identificano, controidentificano e disidentificano con la categoria di lesbica in maniere diverse e ambivalenti. Infatti, la differenza lesbica produce a sua volta differenze allinterno della stessa categoria. In particolare dallanalisi emerge come genere, classe e razza si intreccino per produrre specifiche negoziazioni con lo spazio urbano, negli spazi lesbici e con la categoria di lesbica stessa. Sono i conflitti per laccesso a certi spazi, fisici ma anche relazionali, che rendendo visibili le linee di privilegio: bianchezza, conformità di genere, classe media, etc. Queste modalità di assimilazione, resistenza e disidentificazione, infatti, si riflettono nelle esperienze spaziali della città tramite mappe che si restringono (shrinking maps), risultato di evitamenti e negoziazioni tra etero- e omo- normatività tra lessere un cliente come chiunque altro e la ricerca di posti safe, fatti di persone con cui non ho bisogno di spiegarmi. Riconsiderando la centralità della categoria di visibilità, mostro come le partecipanti attraversano talvolta gli spazi come presenze-assenti, non intellegibili attraverso i codici dei luoghi e delle relazioni, venendo percepite ad esempio come uomini, o come etero. Queste tattiche e questi luoghi, tuttavia, non sono accessibili a tutti i corpi nella stessa maniera: la materialità delle esperienze di diversità si manifesta nelle diverse possibilità di accesso a strategie e luoghi di identificazione. Queste presenze-assenze si riproducono lungo linee di classe, di razza, e di espressioni di genere percepite come ostentatorie e esagerate, come nel caso delle butch e delle femme. Non cè spazio sicuro: nate dallesperienza di una doppia esclusione (dentro il movimento omosessuale e dentro il movimento femminista), le soggettività lesbiche intese come una co-formazione riproduce nuove esclusioni, in particolare con comportamenti omonormativi transescludenti nel contesto di Milano e di riproduzione dellegemonia bianca, particolarmente contestata a Bruxelles. Alla luce della letteratura sugli encounters, questo studio mostra che dove la pluralità non è riconosciuta attraverso gli immaginari, le pratiche e le performances viene cancellata la possibilità di identificazione per alcune soggettività e con essa si elimina anche la possibilità di incontro. Analisi in termini di co-formazioni possono favorire il riconoscimento delle strutture di potere al di là di dicotomici discorsi oppositivi, incoraggiando forme di solidarietà transidentitarie e espandendo laccessibilità a immaginari, relazioni e spazi dentro la città.This work aims at expanding the debate about diversity, difference and urban minorities in Western European cities, looking from a queer and intersectional perspective. This interdisciplinary study explores the meaning of encounter and the spatial dimension of lesbian identifications, a subaltern location in terms of gender and sexuality but dominant from a homonationalist frame. My aim was to explore the everyday relationships with the city from the perspective of lesbians, a largely understudied subject within urban literature outside the U.K. or the U.S.A. The research is based on participant observation that I conducted between 2015 and 2018 in Milan and in Brussels, and 45 interviews: 29 with participants and 16 with key informants. I adopted qualitative methodologies and a grounded approach based on abductive reasoning and constant comparison. The participants were selected on the basis of their sexual orientation and their relationship with the city (being a migrant to the city). I retrace the emergence of lesbian subjectivities in Milan and Brussels as a result of a double exclusion (both within gay and feminist movements). Challenging the majoritarian/minoritarian opposition, the research highlights that differences are reproduced within the definition of the lesbian category itself. In particular, I look at how gender, race, and class weave together and impact the negotiations with the urban space, with lesbian spaces and with the category of lesbian itself. The results show that the participants identify, counteridentify, and disidentify with the category of lesbian in many ambiguous ways. Ultimately, the conflicts for accessing certain spaces of comfort (both physical and relational) render intelligible the other lines of privilege: white, gender-conforming, middle-class. These modalities of assimilation, resistance, and disidentification, in fact, are reflected in their spatial experiences of the city through what I call shrinking maps as a result of avoidance and negotiation of both homo- and hetero- normativities between being just a normal client and looking for safe spaces made of people with whom I dont have to explain. By shrinking maps I mean that the possibilities of encounters are reduced by non-encounters. Reconsidering the centrality of visibility, I show how the participants sometimes move through the spaces as what I call present-absences: they are not intelligible through places and relationships scripts when they pass sometimes as man, sometimes as straight. Places, indeed, are not accessible to everybody: the materiality of difference emerges in the embodied possibilities to choose, or not, among different strategies to access spaces and identifications. Exclusionary practices are reproduced along the lines of class, race and notably nonconforming gender expressions, as in the case of butches and femmes that are perceived as excessive. The price is being excluded not only from spaces, but from lesbian existance: you cannot be a real lesbian. To sum up, in this thesis I suggest that there is no safe space: lesbian as a co-formation reproduces other exclusions through homonormative transexclusions in the case of Milan and reproducing white hegemony, particularly contested in the case of Brussels. Reconsidering the literature on encounter, this study shows that where plurality is not recognized through imaginaries, practices and performances the access to identification for certain subjectivities is erased and, along with it, so does the very possibility of encounters. An analysis in terms of co-formations might be helpful in order to recognize power dynamics beyond oppositional discourses, therefore enhancing transidentiarian solidarities and broaden the accessibility to imaginaries, relationships and spaces within the city. Keywords encounters, lesbian subjectivities, visibility, disidentifications, whiteness.
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PATAT-OCHATT, ESTELA MARIA. "Regeneration de plantes a partir de protoplastes de pommier (malus xdomestica borkh. ) : etude des exigences de culture pour differents genotypes apparentes de ploidie differente." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10081.
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Le pommier (malus xdomestica borkh. ), espece hautement heterozygote a propagation vegetative, est aussi l'un des plus importants arbres rosaces fruitiers de climat tempere, dont l'amelioration pourrait beneficier de l'emploi des methodes biotechnologiques. L'objet de cette these est la mise au point de la technologie des protoplastes chez le pommier, qui pourrait aider a contourner certaines des barrieres existant pour l'amelioration conventionnelle de cette espece. Pour la premiere fois, des systemes reproductibles permettant d'aller du protoplaste a la plante entiere ont ete developpes pour plusieurs genotypes de pommier non apparentes. Un grand nombre de protoplastes viables ont ete isoles a partir de feuilles des porte-greffes de pommier m. 9 et mm. 106 et de la variete greffon spartan, ainsi qu'a partir de feuilles, cals et suspensions cellulaires de la variete bramley's seedling. Des plantes entieres ont ete regenerees et transferees au sol a partir de protoplastes foliaires chez les pommiers diploides m. 9, mm. 106 et spartan, tandis que des cals ont ete produits a partir de protoplastes du genotype triploide bramley's seedling. Les exigences en terme de culture de protoplastes ont ete differentes selon le genotype etudie, mais deux groupes principaux ont pu etre distingues: les protoplastes des porte-greffes ont prolifere sur des milieux bases sur celui de murashige et skoog, mais sur un milieu base sur celui de kao et michayluk pour ceux des varietes greffons. Une deuxieme serie d'experiences a ete consacree a l'etude des correlations pouvant exister entre les exigences pour la culture de protoplastes et le genotype et leur niveau de ploidie. Pour cette etude, les genotypes apparentes de pommier golden delicious (diploide), greensleeves (diploide), jonagored (triploide) et un clone haploide de golden delicious ont ete choisis. Une strategie efficace pour l'isolement de protoplastes hautement viables a partir des tissus de feuille et de tige a ete elaboree. Pour chaque genotype etudie, on a recherche l'optimum de viabilite en soulignant le role fondamental des conditions d'isolement sur le devenir ulterieur des protoplastes pendant leur culture. Des bourgeons caulinaires ont ete regeneres a partir de protoplastes de feuilles et de tiges du clone haploide de golden delicious, et des plantes completes a partir des tissus derives de protoplastes de tige chez la variete greffon diploide golden delicious. Aussi, des cals ont ete obtenus a partir de protoplastes chez les varietes greensleeves et jonagored. Les resultats obtenus ont mis en evidence l'importance du facteur genotype, mais les protoplastes de tous les systemes ont prolifere sur des milieux bases sur celui de kao et michayluk. De plus, pour ces genotypes apparentes, independamment du niveau de ploidie, pour une meme source tissulaire, une meme auxine induit la caulogenesede cals issus de protoplastes. Ceci a ete le premier exemple de succes dans l'induction de l'organogenese a partir de protoplastes de tige pour l'ensemble des especes ligneuses
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Wieck, Cornelia. "Altersunterschiede in der Empathie: Multidirektional und eine Frage des Kontexts?" Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-161298.
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Empathie wird als ein multidimensionales Konstrukt verstanden, welches kognitive Aspekte wie empathische Akkuratheit (die Fähigkeit, die Emotionen einer anderen Person akkurat zu erken-nen) als auch affektive Aspekte wie Emotionskongruenz (die Fähigkeit, die Emotionen anderer zu teilen) und Mitgefühl (die Fähigkeit, ein Gefühl von Sorge für diese Person zu erleben) umfasst (z.B. Davis, 1994; Eisenberg & Fabes, 1990). Ziel der Dissertation war es zu einem umfassenden Verständnis altersbezogener Unterschiede in diesen drei Empathiefacetten beizutragen. Ausgehend von der Überlegung, dass empathische Akkuratheit wesentlich von alterssensitiven kognitiven Prozessen determiniert wird (z.B. Adolphs, 2002), während affektive Empathiefacetten vor allem altersfreundliche emotionsregulatorische Voraussetzungen haben (z.B. Eisenberg, 2000), wurde vermutet, dass empathische Akkuratheit Altersdefizite aufweist, während Gefühlskongruenz und Mitgefühl altersbezogene Zugewinne zeigen. Da Evidenz dafür vorliegt, dass altersbezogene Defizite in unterschiedlichen kognitiven und emotionalen Leistungsbereichen reduziert werden, wenn die Aufgabe eine besondere Bedeutung für Ältere hat (z.B. Hess, Rosenberg & Waters, 2001; Kunzmann & Grühn, 2005), lag ein weiteres Ziel der Studie darin, zu überprüfen, ob Altersunterschiede in der Empathie durch die Altersrelevanz der Aufgabe moderiert werden. Grund für diese Annahme liefert das Modell der selektiven Optimierung mit Kompensation (z.B. Baltes & Baltes, 1990) sowie die Selective Engagement Theorie (Hess, 2006), die übereinstimmend po-stulieren, dass Personen mit zunehmendem Alter dazu tendieren mit den ihnen zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen sparsam umzugehen und diese primär in Bereichen einsetzen, die sie für relevant halten. Basierend auf diesen Überlegungen wurde vermutet, dass Altersdefizite in empathischer Akkuratheit weniger wahrscheinlich sind, wenn die Aufgabe von hoher Relevanz für Ältere ist; in der Emotionskongruenz sollten sich die Altersgewinne in den für Ältere relevanten Aufgaben sogar vergrößern. Da erste Evidenz dafür vorliegt, dass Altersunterschiede im Mitgefühl nicht durch die Altersrelevanz moderiert werden, wurde vermutet, dass Ältere ein höheres Ausmaß an Mitgefühl berichten – unabhängig von der Relevanz der Aufgabe. Zur Überprüfung der Hypothesen wurden 101 jungen und 101 älteren Erwachsenen Filmausschnitte präsentiert, in denen eine junge oder eine ältere Person ein autobiografisches, für ihre Altersgruppe relevantes oder altersneutrales Erlebnis schilderte, und dabei echte Emotionen wiedererlebte. Zur Erfassung empathischer Fähigkeiten sollten die Teilnehmer mithilfe einer Emotionsadjektivliste angeben, in welchem Ausmaß die gezeigte Person sowie sie selbst jedes dieser Gefühle erlebt haben. Erwar-tungsgemäß zeigten sich für die Filme ohne besondere Altersrelevanz negative Altersunterschiede in empathischer Akkuratheit, während Gefühlskongruenz und Mitgefühl Altersgewinne aufwiesen. Wie angenommen wurden Altersdefizite in empathischer Akkuratheit durch die Altersrelevanz der Aufgabe moderiert; Ältere erzielten die gleiche Leistung wie Jüngere, wenn das geschilderte Thema von hoher Relevanz für sie war. Hingegen zeigte sich keine Moderation der Altersunterschiede für Emotionskongruenz. Wie erwartet erlebten Ältere mehr Mitgefühl als Jüngere – unabhängig von der Aufgabenrelevanz. Zusammengenommen sprechen die Befunde dafür, dass Altersunterschiede in der Empathie multidirektional und kontextabhängig verlaufen.
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Toro, García Cristian. "Imágenes recompuestas: un análisis del narrador de The difference engine." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130260.
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GAZANO, GERMAINE. "De l'importance des differences interindividuelles en psychophysique descriptive." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077139.
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Souvent sous-estimees dans la vie courante, les differences interindividuelles sont cependant evidentes, ne serait-ce que sous la forme de la variabilite du phenotype dans l'espece humaine. Sur le plan sensoriel, les sens chimiques sont tellement marques par les differences interindividuelles qu'il devient impossible d'y definir un observateur standard. L'objectif de ce travail etait de determiner la part de la variance intra-individuelle dans le cas de l'analyse sensorielle descriptive. Dans ce but nous avons demande a 46 sujets de decrire 32 produits au moyen d'une liste de 24 descripteurs qu'ils avaient choisis d'un commun accord. L'experience a ete repetee 3 fois, ce qui a permis de constater son excellente reproductibilite. L'analyse de variance des resultats bruts a montre un effet sujet hautement significatif, ce qui rend fort credible la partition des degustateurs en 4 classes que fait apparaitre l'analyse factorielle. On constate en outre, que les differents sujets utilisent 1 a 4 facteurs independants pour caracteriser les produits sales contre 1 a 7 pour les produits sucres. Enfin, les typologies determinees pour les memes sujets a partir des produits sales et a partir des produits sucres sont independantes
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LAFORTUNE, STEPHANE. "Symetries et integrabilite des equations aux differences finies." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077122.
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La theorie des groupes de lie joue un role tres important dans l'etude des equations differentielles. De plus, l'analyse de painleve est une technique mathematique nous permettant d'etudier l'integrabilite des equations differentielles. Tout comme les equations differentielles, les equations aux differences finies (edf) sont souvent utilisees en physique. Il est donc necessaire de developper un formalisme nous permettant d'etudier les symetries et l'integrabilite des equations aux differences finies tout comme on le fait presentement pour le cas continu. Dans ma these, les symetries sont utilisees dans un premier temps pour la classification d'un systeme d'equations differentielles aux differences finies. Un des resultats les plus interessants obtenus dans cette these concerne l'existence de certains systemes possedant un groupe de symetrie de dimension infinie. Nous etudions aussi des systemes de toda generalises du point de vue de ses symetries. Un des resultats interessants que nous avons obtenu est l'identification de cas n'etant pas completement integrables mais possedant un groupe de symetrie conforme. Pour ce qui est de l'integrabilite, la presente these porte principalement sur des equations dites linearisables, i. E. Des equations qui sont equivalentes a un systeme lineaire. Ce travail s'insere dans le vaste projet de recherche dont le but est de classifier toutes les equations discretes integrables a une variable. Nous classifions de grandes familles de systemes linearisables. Finalement, nous utilisons l'equation de riccati afin d'obtenir des equations du troisieme ordre integrables.
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Dabrowska, Izabela. "Polyolefin nanocomposite with different types of nanofillers." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368488.
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The PhD project was details on the polyolefin nanocomposites compounding, processing and preparation. Two different types of polymer matrix with low melt flow rate for fiber forming polymers have been selected; high density polyethylene (HDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (PP). High density polyethylene was compounded with double layered hydrotalcite (LDH) while in case of polypropylene reinforcement by adding fumed silica and kaolinite was performed. In this way the influence of the nanofiller type on the thermo-mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposites were studied.
In recent years several research efforts have been focused on the preparation of polymer/layered inorganic nanocomposites because of the excellent properties in comparison to the neat polymer. The main reason of this interest lies certainly in the properties of the nanoclay, like high stiffness, and high aspect ratio, that induce enhancement of various polymer properties (thermal stability, mechanical properties, flame resistance and gas barrier) even with small amount of filler. Moreover, nanocomposites can be processed more easily than microcomposite. Recently literature evidences a lot of progress in the nanofilled bulk materials; on the other hand, there are relatively a few publications on fibers made of nanofilled polyolefins. For instance, PP fibers were produced with various types of nanofillers, e.g. layered silicates, carbon nanotubes and montmorillonite. In the case of HDPE, composite fibers containing calcium carbonate, carbon nanotubes, silica and layered silicates were reported. It is worth to mention that so far, no publication could be found on this work using the same nanofillers with the same matrix.
This thesis is divided into six chapters; Introduction and Background, Experimental activities, after obtained Results with discussions are reported and finally Conclusions.
In the Introduction and Background (Chapter I and II) general information about nanocomposites and characteristic of different nanofillers type were summarized. After that polymer processing method with particular attention on the melt extrusion and fiber spinning were described.
Third Chapter is dedicated to the experimental part. Here, the used material characterization, nanocomposite preparation procedure and description of experimental techniques were reported. All nanocomposites were characterized by different experimental techniques. First nanofiller morphology by microscope (SEM and TEM) and X-ray diffraction technique was tested. Thermal stability was investigated by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and crystallization behavior by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Finally mechanical properties were characterized by tensile test, Dynamical Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) and creep test.
The Results and Discussion have been divided into two parts; first one was dedicated to the high density polyethylene layered double hydrotalcite nanocomposites (HDPE-LDH), while in the second polypropylene with fumed silica (PP-FS) and kaolinite (PP-K) nanocomposite were described.
i. High density polyethylene hydrotalcite (HDPE-LDH) nanocomposites after different process of plates and fibers production will be compared in Chapter IV. At the beginning a polypropylene matrix, suitable for fiber production, was firstly melt compounded with organically modified hydrotalcite up to 5% by wt. Similar compositions with up to 3% wt. of LDH were performed by melt spinning. The incorporation of the clay into both bulk and fiber nanocomposite enhanced the thermal stability and induced heterogeneous nucleation of HDPE. Hydrotalcite positively affected the mechanical properties in term of higher Young’s modulus and tensile strength.
After the preliminary characterization on bulk and as-spun material the fibers were hot drawn up to draw ratio (DR) 20. XRD analysis revealed intercalation with high degree of exfoliation for the composites with 1-2% wt. of LDH. For this compositions higher elastic modulus 9.0 GPa - 9.3 GPa (with respect to 8.0 GPa of the neat HDPE), and maintain tensile strength and deformation at break were observed. Moreover, the addition of low amount of LDH significantly improved the creep stability.
ii. Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene fumed silica (PP-FS) were described in the Chapter V. Two types of hydrophobic fumed silica with different surface area (170m2•g-1 and 150m2•g-1) and surface treatment (treated respectively by dimethyldichlorosilane and octylsilane) up to 2% vol. were used. Similar as in case of HDPE-LDH nanocomposites plates production and characterization was a preliminary step to select the best compositions for the fiber preparation. After that, the work has been focused on the iPP-FS fiber production. Introduction of the nanofiller enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. Elastic modulus at draw ratio 10 increased from 5.3 GPa for neat iPP up to 7.5 – 8.6 GPa for compositions with 0.25 – 0.5% vol. Together with this improvement enhancement in strength at break and maintaining deformation at break were observed. Moreover, isothermal creep tests evidenced improvement in the creep stability due to the FS introduction, over the whole range of investigated draw ratios.
iii. The last results of recent research dedicated to the polypropylene kaolinite (PP-K) nanocomposites are reported in Appendix 1. Nanocomposite fibers were successfully spun up to draw ratio (DR) 15 at very high nanofiller content up to 30% wt. The presence of kaolinite not only increased the thermal stability but also enhanced elastic modulus up to 5.6 GPa – 7.0 GPa for compositions with 1% up to 30% wt. of kaolinite, in comparison to 5.4 GPa for neat PP at draw ratio 10. Moreover, for the composition with 10% wt. of kaolinite better drawability with maximum modulus was obtained in comparison to neat PP.
Finally the most important observation made on polyolefin nanocomposites fibers were summarized in the Chapter VI. It can be concluded that polyolefin fibers nanocomposites were successfully prepared by two different processing conditions: melt compounding and melt spinning followed by hot drawing.
In case of plates the introduction of nanosilica remarkably improved the thermal stability and elastic modulus, with retention of the pristine tensile properties at break. Nanocomposites fibers showed a higher improvement of the elastic modulus with respect to the nanocomposites plates containing the same percentage of nanofiller. Moreover, the introduction of the nanofiller enhanced tensile dynamic mechanical properties especially for higher draw ratio. Similar behavior was also observed in case of creep compliance. Higher creep stability was observed for the drawn fibers with nanofiller in comparison to neat polymer. This behavior could be a consequence of the different orientation and morphology related to the crystallinity developed in the spinning. These results confirmed that polyolefin containing nanofiller could be easily spun into nanofilled fiber. TEM images revealed how the experienced improvements of the mechanical properties could be probably related to the orientation of nanofiller aggregates along the strain direction and to the consequent increase of the filler-matrix interfacial area.
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Sandführ, Thomas. "Só a antropofagia nós une: Assimilation und Differenz in der Figur des Anthropophagen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963602896.
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LAKKIS, ISMAIL. "Etude des differentes methodes d'imagerie radar." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2031.
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L'objectif de ce travail est l'etude des differentes methodes d'imagerie radar. Les trois aspects suivants sont abordes: formes d'ondes optimales et orthogonales. Algorithmes de traitement en imagerie radar. Haute resolution appliquee a l'imagerie radar. Le radar a ouverture synthetique (ros) conventionnel utilise un train d'impulsions fm lineaire. La reponse a une cible ponctuelle en champ lointain est la fonction d'ambiguite de wigner-ville sous forme d'un produit de deux sinus cardinaux. Afin de lutter contre les lobes secondaires de niveau eleve presentes en site, nous avons synthetisee une famille d'ondes presentant un compromis optimal entre la resolution et le niveau de lobes secondaires. Les differentes methodes d'imagerie radar: ros a visee laterale, ros en mode spot, ros en mode inverse et l'holographie radar sont etudiees en detail. Un algorithme de traitement commun a toutes ces methodes est elabore. Le traitement en distance consiste en une transformation de fourier des impulsions recues et le traitement en azimut est une retroprojection spheroidales des impulsions traitees en distance. La haute resolution est appliquee a l'holographie en champ lointain. L'image d'une cible est la transformee 2-d du signal recu. L'utilisation de cet algorithme conventionnel pour reconstruire l'image, limite serieusement les resolutions spatiales. Un algorithme d'hyper-resolution base sur les fonctions d'onde spheroidales est applique afin d'ameliorer la qualite de l'image
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Krepper, Eckhard, and Alexander Grahn. "Untersuchung des Verhaltens von freigesetztem Isolationsmaterial in einer Kühlmittelströmung (Kühlmittelströmung mit Feststoffpartikeln) - Modellentwicklung." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28331.
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Die CFD-Modellierung des Fasertransports wurde auf der Basis des Euler/Euler-Ansatzes untersucht. Die Nachbildung des Transportverhaltens der Partikel erfordert die korrekte Beschreibung des Impulsaustausches. Hierfür liefert die Auswertung der Sinkgeschwindigkeiten aus den Experimenten am Versuchsstand "Säule" die notwendigen Informationen. Über die Vorgabe von Partikeldichte und Partikeldurchmesser kann die Sinkgeschwindigkeit nachgebildet und der Partikeltransport adäquat modelliert werden. Beispielsimulationen einer partikelbeladenen Strömung im Versuchsstand "Ringkanal" lieferten plausible Resultate. Das Anlagerungs- bzw. Abtragungsverhalten der Partikel an Hindernissen (z. B. Wehren) wurde über die Modellierung einer vom Feststoffanteil abhängigen Viskosität simuliert. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde an die Ergebnisse der Experimente im Ringkanal angepasst. Erste Demonstrationsrechnungen zur Beschreibung des Partikeltransportes an Hindernissen ergaben plausible Resultate. In anderen Beispielen zeigte die Parametervariation einer feststoffabhängigen Viskosität jedoch einen zu geringen Einfluss auf die berechneten Ablagerungsmengen, um die experimentellen Befunde zu reproduzieren. Es wurde ein Modell des Differenzdruckaufbaus aus den Kompaktierungseigenschaften der auf dem Sieb abgelagerten Fasern entwickelt und an Experimenten justiert. Damit steht neben den in der Literatur veröffentlichten Korrelationen ein weiteres Verfahren zur Berechnung des Differenzdrucks zur Verfügung. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurde die Wirkung eines Siebes auf das Strömungsfeld unter Nutzung des Modellansatzes des porösen Körpers in CFX-4.4 implementiert. Das implementierte Modell liefert qualitativ plausible Resultate.
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Krepper, Eckhard, and Alexander Grahn. "Untersuchung des Verhaltens von freigesetztem Isolationsmaterial in einer Kühlmittelströmung (Kühlmittelströmung mit Feststoffpartikeln) - Modellentwicklung." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2006. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21660.
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Die CFD-Modellierung des Fasertransports wurde auf der Basis des Euler/Euler-Ansatzes untersucht. Die Nachbildung des Transportverhaltens der Partikel erfordert die korrekte Beschreibung des Impulsaustausches. Hierfür liefert die Auswertung der Sinkgeschwindigkeiten aus den Experimenten am Versuchsstand "Säule" die notwendigen Informationen. Über die Vorgabe von Partikeldichte und Partikeldurchmesser kann die Sinkgeschwindigkeit nachgebildet und der Partikeltransport adäquat modelliert werden. Beispielsimulationen einer partikelbeladenen Strömung im Versuchsstand "Ringkanal" lieferten plausible Resultate. Das Anlagerungs- bzw. Abtragungsverhalten der Partikel an Hindernissen (z. B. Wehren) wurde über die Modellierung einer vom Feststoffanteil abhängigen Viskosität simuliert. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde an die Ergebnisse der Experimente im Ringkanal angepasst. Erste Demonstrationsrechnungen zur Beschreibung des Partikeltransportes an Hindernissen ergaben plausible Resultate. In anderen Beispielen zeigte die Parametervariation einer feststoffabhängigen Viskosität jedoch einen zu geringen Einfluss auf die berechneten Ablagerungsmengen, um die experimentellen Befunde zu reproduzieren. Es wurde ein Modell des Differenzdruckaufbaus aus den Kompaktierungseigenschaften der auf dem Sieb abgelagerten Fasern entwickelt und an Experimenten justiert. Damit steht neben den in der Literatur veröffentlichten Korrelationen ein weiteres Verfahren zur Berechnung des Differenzdrucks zur Verfügung. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurde die Wirkung eines Siebes auf das Strömungsfeld unter Nutzung des Modellansatzes des porösen Körpers in CFX-4.4 implementiert. Das implementierte Modell liefert qualitativ plausible Resultate.
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Horlacher, Stefan. "Überkreuzungsphänomene oder die Differenz in der Differenz: Nahrung, Grenzauflösung, Inkorporation und die Macht des Abjekts in The Virgin and the Gipsy." Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38725.
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‘Der Magen ist die erste Lampe, auf die Öl gegossen werden muss. Sein Sehnen ist genau, sein Trieb so unvermeidlich, dass er nicht einmal lange verdrängt werden kann', schreibt Ernst Bloch, doch seine Aussage greift nicht nur aus psychoanalytischer Sicht zu kurz. Friedrich Nietzsche sieht in 'Essenordnungen' prinzipiell 'Offenbarungen über Kulturen', und natürlich hat Nahrung nicht nur einen körperlich-materiellen, sondern auch einen psychisch-soziokulturellen Aspekt. Nicht ohne Grund besitzen die 'sozialen oder erlernten Aspekte des Ernährungsverhaltens [...] eine größere Zähigkeit oder Konstanz als die biologisch-natürlichen'. Warum sich der Magen 'leichter als der Kopf an neue Speisen' gewöhnt und warum Ernährung keineswegs nur ein 'biochemisches Problem des Stoffwechsels' ist, sondern als ein 'soziales Totalphänomen' aufgefasst werden muss, verdeutlicht D.H. Lawrences Novelle The Virgin and the Gipsy u.a. anhand dessen, was man als ein ebenso elaboriertes wie ambivalentes kulturelles System der Küche bezeichnen kann.
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Lutvica, Nina, and Rebecca Svanedal. "Kvinnor duger men våld "suger" : Ungdomars attityder till den svenska polisen." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15676.
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Forskning har visat att människor i allmänhet har positiva attityder till polisen. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka ungdomars attityder till den svenska polisen. Det undersöktes om polisens olika grad av våldsamt agerande påverkade deltagarnas uppfattningar och om attityderna skilde sig gentemot kvinnliga respektive manliga ordningspoliser. En egenkonstruerad enkät innehållande fyra olika berättelser delades ut i tre gymnasieskolor. Deltagarna var 88 unga kvinnor och 42 unga män som studerade på föreläsningsbaserade program. Resultatet visade att de flesta deltagare hade en positiv attityd. Resultatet visade även att ju mer våldsamt agerande desto mindre professionell, hänsynstagande och mer känslostyrd uppfattades polisen som. Det fanns inte någon skillnad mellan attityderna till kvinnliga respektive manliga poliser. För hänsynstagande och affekt visade dock resultatet en tendens till en interaktionseffekt mellan polisens kön och våldsamhet. Detta kan bero på att det fortfarande kan finnas stereotypa könsuppfattningar hos deltagarna för vissa attribut hos polisen.
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Corrêa, Izabella Marques. "Gênero e currículo: um movimento de (des)construção." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7805.
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Os estudos para a realização da presente dissertação estão contextualizados no campo epistemológico do currículo e pretenderam abordar questões relativas ao gênero, no contexto da prática. Para tanto, foi considerada a perspectiva de Elizabeth Macedo, que entende o currículo como espaço-tempo de fronteira e enunciação de sentidos. A pesquisa buscou destacar que sentidos de sexo, gênero e identidades são atribuídos e se mostram na prática curricular de profissionais que trabalham no segundo segmento do Ensino Fundamental (8 e 9 anos) em uma escola privada de ensino regular localizada no município do Rio de Janeiro, que anuncia um posicionamento não sexista no seu projeto político-pedagógico. A análise se propôs a mostrar caminhos de construção e desconstrução de concepções que tentam fixar identidades de gênero, acreditando na fragilidade dessas fixações, por considerar que as identidades estão em constante processo de fluidez. Para aprofundar a reflexão, além da interlocução com a teórica com o campo do currículo, o trabalho contou com os estudos queer para tratar sobre questões de gênero e processos de identificação, principalmente com Judith Butler e Guacira Lopes Louro. O corpus empírico da pesquisa é constituído por entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com profissionais da escola (professores e gestores). As falas dos entrevistados apontaram para a dificuldade de se trabalhar as questões de gênero, mas, ao mesmo tempo, indicaram movimentos de desnaturalização das identidades de gênero, destacando a heteronormatividade e considerando diferentes maneiras de viver as sexualidades. O estudo pretendeu abrir caminhos para que as diferenças de gênero não sejam limitadas a esquemas binários que pretendem operar a partir de oposições dicotômicas fixas, mas, sim, que se movimentam de acordo com os deslocamentos dos inúmeros processos contingentes de diferenciação, produzindo identificações provisórias.The studies for the realization of this dissertation are contextualized in the epistemological field of curriculum and intend to address gender issues in the context of practice. Therefore, it was considered the prospect of Elizabeth Macedo, who understands the curriculum as a space/time border and enunciation of meanings. The research sought to emphasize that meanings of sex, gender and identities are assigned and are shown in curricular practice of professionals working in the final series of the second upper elementary school (8th and 9th ) in a private school located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro which announces a gender-neutral position in its political - pedagogical project . The analysis aimed to show ways of construction and deconstruction of concepts that attempt to establish gender identities, believing the fragility of these fixations, considering that the identities are in a constant state of fluidity. For further reflection, beyond the dialogue with the theoretical field of curriculum, the work included the theoretical articulation and dialogue with queer studies to address issues of gender and identification processes, especially with Judith Butler and Guacira Lopes Louro. The methodology used for the elaboration of the work relied on semi - structured interviews with school personnel (teachers, director and coordinator). The statements of interviewees pointed to the difficulty of working on gender issues, but at the same time indicated the signaling cues for denaturalization of gender identities, highlighting heteronormativity and considering different ways of living sexualities. The study intended to pave the way for the understanding that gender differences are not limited to binary schemes wishing that operate with fixed dichotomous oppositions, but that they move according to the movements of the numerous contingent of differentiation processes, producing identities.
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Kergoat, Marine. "Approche psychosociale et différentielle des évaluations sensorielles : intensité affective et préférences tactiles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100200/document.
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L’évaluation sensorielle en aveugle de produits de consommation conduit souvent à l’identification de groupes de préférences hétérogènes. Par exemple, des participants préfèrent les tissus doux alors que d’autres ne présentent pas cette préférence. Pour comprendre ces préférences, 9 recherches ont été conduites (N = 1128) selon une double perspective : différentielle et fonctionnelle. Une perspective différentielle a exploré systématiquement les déterminants à la fois cognitifs, affectifs et sociaux des préférences sensorielles. L’évaluation visio-tactile de textiles (échantillons de tissus pour sièges de voiture et tissus traités principalement avec des agents assouplissants) couplée à des mesures dispositionnelles a mis en lumière la valeur prédictive du construit d’Intensité Affective (Larsen, 1984). Dans une perspective fonctionnelle (i.e. approche fonctionnelle des attitudes ; Katz, 1960 ; Smith, Bruner, & White, 1956), nous avons testé l’hypothèse selon laquelle la fonction de régulation de l’éveil (Larsen, 2009) était le mécanisme motivationnel sous-tendant ces préférences. Les consommateurs qui apprécient les tissus au toucher doux vivent plus intensément leurs émotions positives et réagissent plus intensément à des stimuli provoquant des émotions négatives. Sur la base d’une approche multidimensionnelle du construit d’Intensité Affective (Bryant, Yarnold, & Grimm, 1996), nous avons discuté des déterminants motivationnels potentiellement impliqués dans les préférences de consommateurs pour les tissus douxThe blind sensory evaluation of consumer products often yields to heterogeneous clusters of preference. For instance, some participants have a preference for soft textiles whereas others do not have such a preference. To understand these preferences, 9 studies were conducted (N = 1128) according to a double approach: differential and functional. A differential approach systematically explored the cognitive, affective and social determinants of sensory preferences. The visual-tactile evaluation of fabrics (car seat fabrics and fabrics mainly treated with softener agents) coupled to dispositional measures highlighted the predictive value of the Affect Intensity construct (Larsen, 1984). Within a functional approach (i.e. function of attitudes; Katz, 1960; Smith, Bruner, & White, 1956) we tested the hypothesis that function of arousal regulation (Larsen, 2009) was the motivational mechanism underlying these preferences. Consumers liking soft textiles live more intensely their positive emotions and react more intensely to stimuli inducing negative emotions. On the basis of a multidimensional approach of the Affect Intensity construct (Bryant, Yarnold, & Grimm, 1996), we discussed the motivational determinants likely to be involved in consumer preference for soft textiles
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Marceau, Michaël. "Impact de l'implantation du module d'enregistrement des ventes sur le secteur de la restauration au Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8154.
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C’est grâce à une initiative de Revenu Québec, avec la collaboration de l’Association des restaurateurs du Québec, que le module d'enregistrement des ventes a été déployé dans le secteur de la restauration, entre le 1er septembre 2010 et le 1er novembre 2011, afin de lutter contre l’évasion fiscale. Jusqu’à ce jour, l’impact de ce projet a seulement été évalué à l’interne par Revenu Québec. Cette étude propose donc une analyse empirique, avec les données publiques canadiennes, afin d’évaluer l’impact de l’implantation du module d'enregistrement des ventes dans le secteur de la restauration au Québec, à l’aide d’un modèle en difference-in-differences et d’un modèle en Premières différences. Plus précisément, nous cherchons à déterminer si la mesure a eu un impact sur le PIB du secteur de l’hébergement et des services de restauration au Québec. Avec l’implantation du module d’enregistrement des ventes, on s’attend à ce que les possibilités d’évasion fiscale soient réduites et que les ventes déclarées augmentent. Les résultats de l’analyse suggèrent des signes potentiels d’effets de la mesure, sans toutefois avoir suffisamment de précision dans les données pour appuyer l’hypothèse avec certitude.
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PAYS, PALETTE CATHERINE. "Le metabolisme de l'antipyrine comme modele d'etude de l'activite des cytochromes p-450 hepatiques : contribution a l'etude analytique des differents metabolites et application a l'exploration du metabolisme dans differentes especes animales." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05W083.
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Menke, Christoph. "Subjektive Rechte : zur Form der Differenz." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3606/.
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Dabrowska, Izabela. "Polyolefin nanocomposite with different types of nanofillers." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2013. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1103/1/Izabela_Dabrowska_PhD_Thesis.pdf.
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The PhD project was details on the polyolefin nanocomposites compounding, processing and preparation. Two different types of polymer matrix with low melt flow rate for fiber forming polymers have been selected; high density polyethylene (HDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (PP). High density polyethylene was compounded with double layered hydrotalcite (LDH) while in case of polypropylene reinforcement by adding fumed silica and kaolinite was performed. In this way the influence of the nanofiller type on the thermo-mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposites were studied.
In recent years several research efforts have been focused on the preparation of polymer/layered inorganic nanocomposites because of the excellent properties in comparison to the neat polymer. The main reason of this interest lies certainly in the properties of the nanoclay, like high stiffness, and high aspect ratio, that induce enhancement of various polymer properties (thermal stability, mechanical properties, flame resistance and gas barrier) even with small amount of filler. Moreover, nanocomposites can be processed more easily than microcomposite. Recently literature evidences a lot of progress in the nanofilled bulk materials; on the other hand, there are relatively a few publications on fibers made of nanofilled polyolefins. For instance, PP fibers were produced with various types of nanofillers, e.g. layered silicates, carbon nanotubes and montmorillonite. In the case of HDPE, composite fibers containing calcium carbonate, carbon nanotubes, silica and layered silicates were reported. It is worth to mention that so far, no publication could be found on this work using the same nanofillers with the same matrix.
This thesis is divided into six chapters; Introduction and Background, Experimental activities, after obtained Results with discussions are reported and finally Conclusions.
In the Introduction and Background (Chapter I and II) general information about nanocomposites and characteristic of different nanofillers type were summarized. After that polymer processing method with particular attention on the melt extrusion and fiber spinning were described.
Third Chapter is dedicated to the experimental part. Here, the used material characterization, nanocomposite preparation procedure and description of experimental techniques were reported. All nanocomposites were characterized by different experimental techniques. First nanofiller morphology by microscope (SEM and TEM) and X-ray diffraction technique was tested. Thermal stability was investigated by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and crystallization behavior by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Finally mechanical properties were characterized by tensile test, Dynamical Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) and creep test.
The Results and Discussion have been divided into two parts; first one was dedicated to the high density polyethylene layered double hydrotalcite nanocomposites (HDPE-LDH), while in the second polypropylene with fumed silica (PP-FS) and kaolinite (PP-K) nanocomposite were described.
i. High density polyethylene hydrotalcite (HDPE-LDH) nanocomposites after different process of plates and fibers production will be compared in Chapter IV. At the beginning a polypropylene matrix, suitable for fiber production, was firstly melt compounded with organically modified hydrotalcite up to 5% by wt. Similar compositions with up to 3% wt. of LDH were performed by melt spinning. The incorporation of the clay into both bulk and fiber nanocomposite enhanced the thermal stability and induced heterogeneous nucleation of HDPE. Hydrotalcite positively affected the mechanical properties in term of higher Young’s modulus and tensile strength.
After the preliminary characterization on bulk and as-spun material the fibers were hot drawn up to draw ratio (DR) 20. XRD analysis revealed intercalation with high degree of exfoliation for the composites with 1-2% wt. of LDH. For this compositions higher elastic modulus 9.0 GPa - 9.3 GPa (with respect to 8.0 GPa of the neat HDPE), and maintain tensile strength and deformation at break were observed. Moreover, the addition of low amount of LDH significantly improved the creep stability.
ii. Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene fumed silica (PP-FS) were described in the Chapter V. Two types of hydrophobic fumed silica with different surface area (170m2•g-1 and 150m2•g-1) and surface treatment (treated respectively by dimethyldichlorosilane and octylsilane) up to 2% vol. were used. Similar as in case of HDPE-LDH nanocomposites plates production and characterization was a preliminary step to select the best compositions for the fiber preparation. After that, the work has been focused on the iPP-FS fiber production. Introduction of the nanofiller enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. Elastic modulus at draw ratio 10 increased from 5.3 GPa for neat iPP up to 7.5 – 8.6 GPa for compositions with 0.25 – 0.5% vol. Together with this improvement enhancement in strength at break and maintaining deformation at break were observed. Moreover, isothermal creep tests evidenced improvement in the creep stability due to the FS introduction, over the whole range of investigated draw ratios.
iii. The last results of recent research dedicated to the polypropylene kaolinite (PP-K) nanocomposites are reported in Appendix 1. Nanocomposite fibers were successfully spun up to draw ratio (DR) 15 at very high nanofiller content up to 30% wt. The presence of kaolinite not only increased the thermal stability but also enhanced elastic modulus up to 5.6 GPa – 7.0 GPa for compositions with 1% up to 30% wt. of kaolinite, in comparison to 5.4 GPa for neat PP at draw ratio 10. Moreover, for the composition with 10% wt. of kaolinite better drawability with maximum modulus was obtained in comparison to neat PP.
Finally the most important observation made on polyolefin nanocomposites fibers were summarized in the Chapter VI. It can be concluded that polyolefin fibers nanocomposites were successfully prepared by two different processing conditions: melt compounding and melt spinning followed by hot drawing.
In case of plates the introduction of nanosilica remarkably improved the thermal stability and elastic modulus, with retention of the pristine tensile properties at break. Nanocomposites fibers showed a higher improvement of the elastic modulus with respect to the nanocomposites plates containing the same percentage of nanofiller. Moreover, the introduction of the nanofiller enhanced tensile dynamic mechanical properties especially for higher draw ratio. Similar behavior was also observed in case of creep compliance. Higher creep stability was observed for the drawn fibers with nanofiller in comparison to neat polymer. This behavior could be a consequence of the different orientation and morphology related to the crystallinity developed in the spinning. These results confirmed that polyolefin containing nanofiller could be easily spun into nanofilled fiber. TEM images revealed how the experienced improvements of the mechanical properties could be probably related to the orientation of nanofiller aggregates along the strain direction and to the consequent increase of the filler-matrix interfacial area.