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Journal articles on the topic 'Delusional ideation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Houran, James, and Rense Lange. "Redefining Delusion Based on Studies of Subjective Paranormal Ideation." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (April 2004): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.501-513.

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The DSM–IV definition of delusion is argued to be unsatisfactory because it does not explain the mechanism for delusion formation and maintenance, it implies that such beliefs are necessarily dysfunctional (pathological), it underestimates the social component to some delusions, and it is inconsistent with research indicating that delusions can be modified through techniques such as contradiction, confrontation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, a well-replicated mathematical model of magical/delusional thinking based on a study of paranormal beliefs and experiences is consistent with the hypothesis that attributional processes play a central role in delusion formation and maintenance. The model suggests attributional processes serve the adaptive function of reducing fear associated with ambiguous stimuli and delusional thinking is on a continuum with nonpathological forms. Based on this collective research an amendment to the definition of delusion is proposed and its clinical implications are addressed.

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Butler, Peter V. "Diurnal Variation in Cotard's Syndrome (Copresent with Capgras Delusion) Following Traumatic Brain Injury." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 4 (August 2000): 684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00758.x.

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Objective: The aim of this paper is to document regular nocturnal intensification of delusional nihilistic and persecutory ideas (Cotard delusion) linked with extreme depersonalisation and hypervivid dreaming. Clinical Picture: A 17-year-old man presented with Cotard and Capgras delusions after sustaining multiple cognitive impairments secondary to traumatic brain injury. Treatment and outcome: Delusional ideation fully resolved within 14 days of commencement of olanzapine 5 mg daily. Conclusion: This patient's experience of perceptual abnormalities and impairments in meta-abilities related to self-monitoring and critical inferencing lends support to multicomponent sensory processing accounts of brain injury related, content-specific delusional syndromes.

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Janssen, I., M. Hanssen, M. Bak, R. V. Bijl, R. De Graaf, W. Vollebergh, K. McKenzie, and J. Van Os. "Discrimination and delusional ideation." British Journal of Psychiatry 182, no. 1 (January 2, 2003): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.1.71.

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BackgroundIn the UK and The Netherlands, people with high rates of psychosis are chronically exposed to discrimination.AimsTo test whether perceived discrimination is associated longitudinally with onset of psychosis.MethodA 3-year prospective study of cohorts with no history of psychosis and differential rates of reported discrimination on the basis of age, gender, disability, appearance, skin colour or ethnicity and sexual orientation was conducted in the Dutch general population (n=4076). The main outcome was onset of psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations).ResultsThe rate of delusional ideation was 0.5% (n=19) in those who did not report discrimination, 0.9% (n=4) in those who reported discrimination in one domain, and 2.7% (n=3) in those who reported discrimination in more than one domain (exact P=0.027). This association remained after adjustment for possible confounders. No association was found between baseline discrimination and onset of hallucinatory experiences.ConclusionsPerceived discrimination may induce delusional ideation and thus contribute to the high observed rates of psychotic disorder in exposed minority populations.

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Bartels-Velthuis, A. A., E. M. A. Blijd-Hoogewys, and J. Van Os. "Evidence that better theory of mind skills in children with auditory hallucinations mitigate the risk of secondary delusion formation." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71977-0.

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IntroductionIt has been observed that children with auditory hallucinations (AH) may develop secondary delusional ideation, which is thought to increase the risk of need for care and patient status. Little is known about the cognitive vulnerabilities mediating delusion formation in children experiencing perceptual anomalies like AH. The ability to correctly interpret another person's intentions or emotions, referred to as mentalizing ability or ‘theory of mind’ (ToM), is shown to be impaired in children with psychotic symptoms and to be associated with delusional ideation in individuals at risk. A direct link between mentalizing ability and delusions is suggested by their presentation as alterations in social inference.ObjectiveTo examine the cognitive vulnerabilities mediating delusion formation in children presenting with AH.MethodIn a sample of 259 12- and 13-year-old children, AH, delusional experiences (’mind reading’,’paranoid ideas’ and’receiving media messages’) and theory of mind (ToM) were assessed, in order to examine the hypothesized moderating role of ToM in delusion formation.ResultsThe risk of delusion formation was significantly higher in AH children with lower ToM skills (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.4, P = 0.008), compared to AH children with higher ToM skills (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.9–3.4, P = 0.11).ConclusionOur results suggest that better mentalizing abilities confer protection against developing full-blown psychosis in children experiencing perceptual anomalies.

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González-Rodríguez, Alexandre, Oriol Molina-Andreu, Víctor Navarro Odriozola, Cristóbal Gastó Ferrer, Rafael Penadés, and Rosa Catalán. "Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behaviour in Delusional Disorder: A Clinical Overview." Psychiatry Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/834901.

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Background. Most of the existing studies suggest that suicide is one of the leading causes of premature death in patients with chronic psychotic disorders. However, very few studies have specifically investigated suicidal behaviour in patients with delusional disorder. Thus, our objective was to review the literature regarding the percentage of lifetime ideation and suicidal behaviour in delusional disorder in order to provide suggestions for clinical practice.Methods. MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched from January 1980 to September 2012 using the following keywords: delusional disorder, paranoia, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviour.Results. A total of 10 studies were identified and included in the review. The percentage of suicidal behaviour in delusional disorder was established between 8 and 21%, which is similar to schizophrenia. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were more frequent in patients showing persecutory and somatic delusions in the reviewed studies.Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to specifically review the suicide phenomenon in patients with delusional disorder. Interestingly, our results support the notion that percentages of both suicidal ideation and behaviour in delusional disorder are similar to patients with schizophrenia.

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Tonna, M., F. Paglia, R. Ottoni, P. Ossola, C. De Panfilis, and C. Marchesi. "The role of personality and trait affectivity on delusional ideation." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S747—S748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1387.

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ObjectiveThe relationship between personality and delusional ideation in still debated. The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of personality features and trait affectivity on the severity of delusional beliefs, through the lens of a dimensional approach. In fact, robust evidence suggests that delusional experience presents a dimensional structure rather than an all-or-nothing fashion with a severity gradient of delusional beliefs from general population to full-blown delusional disorder (DD).MethodForty-nine inpatients affected by DD and 42 non-delusional outpatients were administered the structured interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, the Pathological Narcissism Inventory–Italian Version, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Peters et al. 33–Italian version.ResultsSeverity of delusional ideation was positively related to “hiding the self” (HS) domain of narcissistic vulnerability and to paranoid traits and negatively related to “positive affect” (PA). Paranoid traits and HS significantly interacted in influencing delusional dimension severity (Fig. 1). Low PA represents a trait affectivity of sadness and lethargy whereas HS is closely related to the experience of shame. We speculate that lower levels of PA and higher levels of HS may grasp the “asthenic” pole of Kretschmer's “sensitive character”.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that the severity of delusional ideation depends, at least in part, on a complex interplay between specific affective and paranoid dispositions within personality. Delusion may constitute the superficial shell, which develops from and cover inner affective vulnerabilities of personality.Fig. 1Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Bartels-Velthuis, A. A., G. van de Willige, J. A. Jenner, D. Wiersma, and J. van Os. "Auditory hallucinations in childhood: associations with adversity and delusional ideation." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 3 (August 24, 2011): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711001590.

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BackgroundPrevious work suggests that exposure to childhood adversity is associated with the combination of delusions and hallucinations. In the present study, associations between (severity of) auditory vocal hallucinations (AVH) and (i) social adversity [traumatic experiences (TE) and stressful events (SE)] and (ii) delusional ideation were examined.MethodA baseline case-control sample of children with and without AVH were re-assessed on AVH after 5 years and interviewed about the experience of social adversity and delusions.ResultsA total of 337 children (mean age 13.1 years, s.d.=0.5) were assessed: 40 children continued to hear voices that were present at baseline (24%, persistent group), 15 heard voices only at follow-up (9%, incident group), 130 children no longer reported AVH that were present at baseline (remitted group) and 152 never heard voices (referent group). Both TE and SE were associated with both incident and persistent AVH, as well as with greater AVH severity and delusional ideation at follow-up. In addition, the combination of AVH and delusions displayed a stronger association with TE and SE compared with either AVH or delusions alone.ConclusionsEarly childhood AVH are mostly benign and transitory. However, experience of social adversity is associated with persistence, severity and onset of new AVH closer to puberty, and with delusional ideation.

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DeCross, Stephanie N., Amy H. Farabaugh, Avram J. Holmes, Maeve Ward, Emily A. Boeke, Rick P. F. Wolthusen, Garth Coombs, et al. "Increased amygdala-visual cortex connectivity in youth with persecutory ideation." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718004221.

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AbstractBackgroundSubclinical delusional ideas, including persecutory beliefs, in otherwise healthy individuals are heritable symptoms associated with increased risk for psychotic illness, possibly representing an expression of one end of a continuum of psychosis severity. The identification of variation in brain function associated with these symptoms may provide insights about the neurobiology of delusions in clinical psychosis.MethodsA resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was collected from 131 young adults with a wide range of severity of subclinical delusional beliefs, including persecutory ideas. Because of evidence for a key role of the amygdala in fear and paranoia, resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala was measured.ResultsConnectivity between the amygdala and early visual cortical areas, including striate cortex (V1), was found to be significantly greater in participants with high (n = 43) v. low (n = 44) numbers of delusional beliefs, particularly in those who showed persistence of those beliefs. Similarly, across the full sample, the number of and distress associated with delusional beliefs were positively correlated with the strength of amygdala-visual cortex connectivity. Moreover, further analyses revealed that these effects were driven by those who endorsed persecutory beliefs.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aberrant assignments of threat to sensory stimuli may lead to the downstream development of delusional ideas. Taken together with prior findings of disrupted sensory-limbic coupling in psychosis, these results suggest that altered amygdala-visual cortex connectivity could represent a marker of psychosis-related pathophysiology across a continuum of symptom severity.

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VERDOUX, H., S. MAURICE-TISON, B. GAY, J. VAN OS, R. SALAMON, and M. L. BOURGEOIS. "A survey of delusional ideation in primary-care patients." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291797005667.

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Background. To assess the prevalence of delusional ideas in primary-care patients.Method. A survey was carried out with the Aquitaine Sentinel Network of general practitioners (GPs). Consecutive practice attenders were invited to complete the Peters et al. Delusional Inventory (PDI-21) self-report questionnaire, designed to measure delusional ideation in the normal population. GPs, blind to the questionnaire results, provided information on patients' psychiatric history.Results. Of the 1053 attenders included in the survey, 348 (35%) had a lifetime history of psychiatric disorder, of whom 20 (2%) had a history of broadly defined psychotic disorder. The self-report questionnaire was completed by 790 patients. The range of individual PDI-21 item endorsement in subjects with no psychiatric history varied between 5 and 70%, suggesting that delusional ideation is a dimensional phenomenon lying on a continuum with normality. The main discriminative items between psychotic and non-psychotic patients were those exploring persecutory (OR=15·2, 95% CI 4·3–53·7), mystic (OR=6·4, 95% CI 1·9–22·4) and guilt (OR=5·8, 95% CI 1·5–23·2) ideas.Conclusions. This survey demonstrates that questions that explore delusions and hallucinations are well-accepted by most primary-care patients. More research is needed on psychotic disorders in primary-care settings to improving early identification of these disorders.

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Pimentel, S., M. Cunha, A. Galhardo, and M. Couto. "Validation of the delusional ideation inventory for the Portuguese population." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1566.

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IntroductionThe dimensional approaches regard delusions as a continuum of the daily beliefs, not being limited to the clinical population and it can also be found in the general population. Due to the multifaceted conceptualization of delusions, the analysis of the dimensions of distress, preoccupation and conviction may be more revealing than the content of the belief itself, whereby an evaluation that incorporates these dimensions is fundamental.ObjectiveTranslation, adaptation and study of the psychometric properties of the Peters et al. delusions inventory (PDI-21) for the Portuguese population.AimAssessing the multidimensionality of the delusional ideation in the community.MethodsThe sample consists of 249 adults from the general population, aged between 18 to 65. The brief symptom inventory, the social desirability scale of the eysenck personality questionnaire and the World Health Organization quality of life–bref were used in this study beyond the PDI-21.ResultsThe Portuguese version of the PDI-21 has shown good psychometric properties regarding its internal consistency and test-retest reliability. It demonstrated significant positive correlations with the psychopathological symptoms and negative associations with social desirability and with the quality of life, confirming its divergent and convergent validity. The analysis of the frequency of delusional ideas for the total of the sample and on the basis of gender has revealed prevalence rates very similar to the ones found in previous studies.ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of the PDI-21 has adequate psychometric properties and it can be used to assess the delusional ideation in the general population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Martins, Maria João, Paula Castilho, Célia Barreto-Carvalho, Ana Telma Pereira, Filipa Tróia, Ondina Matos, Prazeres Santos, Tiago Santos, and António Macedo. "Assessing delusional ideation: A narrative review of self-report instruments." Psychologica 59, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8606_59-2_4.

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According to recent models of recovery in psychosis, the patients’ perspectives about their own difficulties, symptoms and goals (health-related and in other areas) are of major importance in intervention. Self-report measures have been increasingly studied and several authors have pointed out their validity, reliability and clinical utility in people with psychotic-disorders. The present study sought to review and critically analyse the available self-report instruments for assessing delusions. Four instruments met the inclusion criteria: Characteristics of Delusions Rating Scale; Beliefs Rating Scale; Peters Delusions Inventory; and Conviction of Delusional Beliefs Scale. All scales assess delusions in a multidimensional perspective and present adequate psychometric properties, although with high variability within studies. Refining the psychometric studies of the existing instruments (mainly confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and diagnostic accuracy analyses) and developing new instruments focused on coping are future areas of research interest.

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Broome, M. R., F. Day, I. Valli, L. Valmaggia, L. C. Johns, O. Howes, P. Garety, and P. K. McGuire. "Delusional ideation, manic symptomatology and working memory in a cohort at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study." European Psychiatry 27, no. 4 (May 2012): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.07.008.

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AbstractWe followed up a cohort (n = 35) of clients with an “At Risk Mental State” (ARMS) for almost 2 years (mean 21.3 months). At baseline, these clients had taken part in research looking at the relationship between reasoning biases, memory, personality styles and delusional ideation. During the follow-up period, clients underwent a package of intervention from a specialist early detection team. Eighty percent (n = 28) of these clients were successfully re-interviewed. There was improvement across the cohort as a whole, however five participants (17.9%) had made the transition to psychosis at follow-up. Those who had become psychotic had lower levels of manic symptomatology at baseline than those who did not enter the first episode. Further, across the cohort, impaired working memory and delusional ideation at baseline combined to predict 45% of the delusional ideation at follow-up. These preliminary findings suggest that working memory impairments may be linked to the persistence of delusional ideation and that manic symptoms in someone with an ARMS may suggest that such an individual is less likely to develop a frank psychotic episode.

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Verdoux, H., S. Tison, B. Gay, J. Van Os, R. Salamon, and M. Bourgeois. "Delusional ideation in primary care patients." Biological Psychiatry 42, no. 1 (July 1997): 280S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)88072-9.

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Dagnall, Neil, Gary Munley, and Andrew Parker. "Memory Aberrations, Transliminality, and Delusional Ideation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 106, no. 1 (February 2008): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.106.1.67-75.

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Morrison, Anthony P., Andrew I. Gumley, Matthias Schwannauer, Michelle Campbell, Anna Gleeson, Elizabeth Griffin, and Kate Gillan. "The Beliefs about Paranoia Scale: Preliminary Validation of a Metacognitive Approach to Conceptualizing Paranoia." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 33, no. 2 (December 16, 2004): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465804001900.

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This study reports the development of a self-report measure to assess metacognitive beliefs about paranoia in non-patients. We aimed to test the specific hypotheses that positive beliefs about paranoia would predict frequency of paranoia, and that negative beliefs about paranoia would predict distress associated with delusional ideation. Three-hundred and seventeen non-patient participants were asked to complete questionnaires assessing beliefs about paranoia, paranoia, dimensions of delusional ideation and trait anxiety. The results showed that four empirically distinct subscales were measured by the beliefs about paranoia scale (negative beliefs about paranoia, beliefs about paranoia as a survival strategy, general positive beliefs and normalising beliefs). The scales possessed acceptable internal consistency and were associated with the measures of paranoia, delusional ideation and anxiety. Consistent with predictions, it was found that beliefs about paranoia as a survival strategy were associated with frequency of paranoia, and negative beliefs were associated with distress associated with delusional ideation. These findings suggest that a metacognitive approach to the conceptualization of paranoia as a strategy for managing interpersonal threat may have some utility. The clinical implications of the findings are also discussed.

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Tonna, Matteo, Francesca Paglia, Rebecca Ottoni, Paolo Ossola, Chiara De Panfilis, and Carlo Marchesi. "Delusional disorder: The role of personality and emotions on delusional ideation." Comprehensive Psychiatry 85 (August 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.07.002.

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Peters, Emmanuelle, Samantha Day, Jacqueline Mckenna, and Gilli Orbach. "Delusional ideation in religious and psychotic populations." British Journal of Clinical Psychology 38, no. 1 (March 1999): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466599162683.

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Peters, E., S. Joseph, S. Day, and P. Garety. "Measuring Delusional Ideation: The 21-Item Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI)." Schizophrenia Bulletin 30, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 1005–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007116.

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Wilkinson, Dean J., and Laura S. Caulfield. "Delusional ideation, cognitive processes and crime based reasoning." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 13, no. 3 (August 31, 2017): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i3.1181.

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Probabilistic reasoning biases have been widely associated with levels of delusional belief ideation (Galbraith, Manktelow, & Morris, 2010; Lincoln, Ziegler, Mehl, & Rief, 2010; Speechley, Whitman, & Woodward, 2010; White & Mansell, 2009), however, little research has focused on biases occurring during every day reasoning (Galbraith, Manktelow, & Morris, 2011), and moral and crime based reasoning (Wilkinson, Caulfield, & Jones, 2014; Wilkinson, Jones, & Caulfield, 2011). 235 participants were recruited across four experiments exploring crime based reasoning through different modalities and dual processing tasks. Study one explored delusional ideation when completing a visually presented crime based reasoning task. Study two explored the same task in an auditory presentation. Study three utilised a dual task paradigm to explore modality and executive functioning. Study four extended this paradigm to the auditory modality. The results indicated that modality and delusional ideation have a significant effect on individuals reasoning about violent and non-violent crime (p < .05), which could have implication for the presentation of evidence in applied setting such as the courtroom.

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Barea, M. Valverde, A. España Osuna, and F. Cartas Moreno. "Parkinson's disease and psychosis: Report of a case." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s843—s844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1667.

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IntroductionJealous delusional ideation appears in 7-14% of cases of Parkinson's disease. Treatment with dopaminomimetics drugs is a significant risk factor for psychosis. However, the most likely etiology of psychosis in these patients is a loss of central cholinergic function associated with age since described psychosis even before the introduction of the L-Dopamine. Cognitive impairment and sleep disorders are predictors of development of psychosis.ObjectivePresent a clinical case of psychosis in Parkinson's disease and its treatment.MethodReason for consultation. Patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease with behavioral disorder and delusional.Current illnessThe patient after antiparkinsonian medication has increased suspicion, self-referentiality, delusional jealousy ideation to her husband, delusional interpretations regarding somatic symptoms, insomnia and behavioral disorders with aggression.Family backgroundMother with Alzheimer's.Personal historyNo contact with mental health.Psychopathological examinationConscious, repetitive language, dysphoric mood with delusions of prejudice and jealousy.Mixed insomnia.DiagnosisPsychosis in Parkinson's disease.TreatmentQuetiapine 300 mg/day. Carbidopa 25 mg/L-dopa 100 mg: 1-0-1. On subsequent visits quetiapine was suspended and replaced by clozapine 200 mg/day.ResultsThe treatment of psychosis was effective with the use of quetiapine and subsequently clozapine with good tolerance and effectiveness. He also said lower antiparkinsonian medication.ConclusionsPsychotic symptoms are the most common psychiatric clinic in Parkinson's disease. Often not enough antiparkinsonian dopaminomimetics reduced to control psychotic symptoms and use of antipsychotics is required. The use of antipsychotics in Parkinson's disease should be careful for the likely increase in motor clinical and increased mortality. The most useful, are especially quetiapine and clozapine atypical antipsychotics.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Martins, Maria João, Paula Castilho, Célia Barreto-Carvalho, Ana Telma Pereira, Filipa Tróia, Ondina Matos, Prazeres Santos, Tiago Santos, and António Macedo. "Avaliação da ideação delirante: uma revisão narrativa dos instrumentos de autorresposta." Psychologica 2, no. 59 (2016): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8606_59_2_4.

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RADU, Dania Andreea, Andreea Silvana SZALONTAY, Adela Magdalena CIOBANU, Ilinca UNTU, Doinita TEMELIE-OLINICI, Alexandra BOLOS, and Roxana CHIRITA. "The Socio-Cultural and Confessional Dimension of Delusional Ideas Content in the Spectrum of Non-Organic Psychotic Disorders." Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala 73 (June 15, 2021): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/rcis.73.21.

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In the last decade, population clinical trials support the disabling nature of most globally diagnosed psychotic disorders. As a defining integral part of this pathology, the delusional idea considered to be the result of the inaccurate and abnormal interpretation of an external reality is individualized, despite the contrary evidence. This ideation’s clinical expression variability is influenced by a heterogeneous spectrum of biological and psychosocial factors, predisposing and/or favouring. This review’s main objective is to identify a series of relational patterns of the content of delusional ideation with socio-familial and cultural/confessional parameters to obtain a holistic approach to patients. Careful decipherment of these conditions can be the basis for developing new interventions that are much more effective in establishing a long-term diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.

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Krabbendam, Lydia, Inez Myin-Germeys, Maarten Bak, and Jim Van Os. "Explaining Transitions Over the Hypothesized Psychosis Continuum." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 3 (March 2005): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01541.x.

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Objectives: It is crucial to understand the psychological mechanisms that mediate transition from having one or two psychotic symptoms to becoming a patient with a psychotic disorder. This study investigated whether: (i) a delusional interpretation and/or a depressed response to hallucinatory experiences predicts the later onset of clinical psychotic disorder; and (ii) the presence of need for care in relation to psychotic disorder was associated with the use of particular coping strategies. Method: A general population sample of 4672 individuals with no lifetime evidence of any psychotic disorder were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Schedule (CIDI) at baseline and 1 and 3 years later. At year 3, individuals with CIDI evidence of psychotic symptoms were interviewed by clinicians to identify onset of psychotic disorder with need for care. Coping, subjective distress with and perceived control over the psychotic experience were assessed using the Maastricht Assessment of Coping Strategies (MACS). Results: Given the presence of hallucinatory experiences at baseline, the increase in risk on the additive scale of having the psychosis outcome at T2 was higher in the group with delusional ideation at T1 than in those without delusional ideation at T1. Similarly, presence of depressed mood at T1 increased the risk of having the psychosis outcome at T2, but this effect overlapped partly with the risk-increasing effect of delusional ideation. Individuals with a need for care were much more likely to display symptomatic coping, whereas the presence of the other coping types was not different across the groups with and without need for care. Conclusion: Transitions over the psychosis continuum are, at least in part, driven by the emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses to the initial psychotic or psychosis-like experiences. Individuals who react with a delusional interpretation, negative emotional states and/or a symptomatic coping style have an increased risk for developing clinical psychosis.

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Morimoto, Sachiko, and Yoshihiko Tanno. "A multi-dimensional approach to delusional ideation in normal people: Comparison with paranoid ideation and guarded ideation." Japanese journal of psychology 74, no. 6 (2004): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.74.552.

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Bartels-Velthuis, A. A., G. Van de Willige, J. A. Jenner, J. Van Os, and D. Wiersma. "Risk factors of auditory hallucinations in childhood: adversity and the formation of psychotic-like ideation." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73048-6.

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Auditory vocal hallucinations (AVH) in general had limited functional impact in 7–8 year old children. However, transitory developmental expression of psychotic symptoms may become more persistent (and clinically relevant), depending on the degree of exposure to environmental risk factors. Therefore, in a five-year follow-up study of a case-control sample associations of (severity of) AVH with social adversity (traumatic experiences and stressful events) and the formation of delusional ideation were examined. In total 337 children (mean age 13.1 years; SD = 0.5) were reassessed. Forty children had continued to hear voices (24%, persistent group), 15 had heard voices for the first time (9%, incident group), 130 children no longer reported AVH (remitted group) and 152 never heard voices (referent group). Early social adversity was strongly associated with both incident and persistent AVH, and predicted greater AVH severity at follow-up. Children with both AVH and delusions were more likely to have experienced traumatic or stressful events than children with either symptom alone. AVH severity was shown to be a mediator in the association between TE (but not SE) and delusion formation. These results suggest that, although hearing voices in 7–8 year olds is in most cases benign, experience of social adversity can predict persistence and onset of new AVH closer to puberty. Given evidence for the association with delusion formation, they do pose a significant clinical risk.

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Laws, Keith R., and Reena Bhatt. "False memories and delusional ideation in normal healthy subjects." Personality and Individual Differences 39, no. 4 (September 2005): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.005.

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Sugimori, Eriko, and Yoshihiko Tanno. "Effects of positive and negative delusional ideation on memory." International Journal of Psychology 45, no. 2 (April 2010): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590903030287.

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Lavigne, Katie M., Mahesh Menon, Steffen Moritz, and Todd S. Woodward. "Functional brain networks underlying evidence integration and delusional ideation." Schizophrenia Research 216 (February 2020): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.038.

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SHIRASAKI, Airi, and Genji SUGAMURA. "The Relationship between Delusional Ideation, Religiosity, and Critical Thinking." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 76 (September 11, 2012): 2PMB39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.76.0_2pmb39.

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Evans, Lisa H., Hannah M. McCann, Jack G. Isgar, and Alice Gaston. "High delusional ideation is associated with false pictorial memory." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 62 (March 2019): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.09.005.

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Berle, David, Alex Blaszczynski, Danielle A. Einstein, and Ross G. Menzies. "Thought–Action Fusion in Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Investigation." Behaviour Change 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.23.4.260.

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AbstractThought–action fusion (TAF), a belief that one's thoughts can either increase the likelihood of a given event or imply the immorality of one's character, is associated with a range of disorders, but has not yet been investigated in relation to psychosis. We sought to determine whether TAF beliefs are endorsed by individuals with chronic schizophrenia. Twenty-seven adults with chronic schizophrenia completed self-report measures of TAF, magical ideation, delusional beliefs and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Scores were compared with a gendermatched nonclinical group (n = 27) and associations between self-report measures were investigated for the chronic schizophrenia sample. TAF Likelihood–Others, magical ideation and obsessive–compulsive symptoms were endorsed to a greater extent by those with chronic schizophrenia than by controls. The participants with chronic schizophrenia however, did not generally endorse TAF statements at level greater than ‘neutral’. TAF Moral, magical ideation and obsessive– compulsive symptoms were associated with scores on the delusional beliefs measure. We conclude that TAF beliefs may not especially characterise the thinking styles of those with schizophrenia. These findings await replication using a larger sample.

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Jensen, Katharine V., and Adam Abba-Aji. "Isotretinoin-Induced Delusional Disorder, Somatic Subtype." Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine 2020 (July 26, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8853167.

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Isotretinoin, an active form of vitamin A, is the drug of last resort for the treatment of severe acne. Depression, suicidal ideation, and psychosis are among the most well-documented psychiatric side effects. Here, we report a case of isotretinoin-induced psychosis, which was diagnosed as delusional disorder somatic subtype, in a young male in the absence of any prodromal symptoms, previous psychiatric history, or family history of mental illness. The onset of psychosis was in the context of a dosage increase from 40 mg/day to 80 mg/day. Isotretinoin was discontinued, and the patient showed improvement on low-dose quetiapine.

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Wellstein, Katharina, Andreea Diaconescu, Christoph Mathys, Martin Bischof, Annia Rüesch, Gina Paolini, Eduardo A. Aponte, Lars Kasper, Johannes Ullrich, and Klaas Enno Stephan. "T64. LINKING SUBCLINICAL PERSECUTORY IDEATION TO INFLEXIBLE SOCIAL INFERENCE UNDER UNCERTAINTY." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S255—S256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.624.

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Abstract Background Persecutory delusions (PD) are a prominent symptom in first episode psychosis and psychosis patients. PD have been linked to abnormalities in probabilistic reasoning and social inference (e.g., attribution styles). Predictive Coding theories of delusion formation suggest that rigid delusional beliefs could be formalized as precise (i.e. held with certainty) high-level prior beliefs, which were formed to explain away overly precise low-level prediction errors (PEs). Rigid reliance on high-level prior beliefs would in turn lead to diminished updating of high-level PEs, i.e. decreased learning and updating of high-level beliefs. Methods We tested the prediction that subclinical PD ideation is related to altered social inference and beliefs about others’ intentions. To that end, N=1’145 participants from the general population were pre-screened with the Paranoia Checklist (PCL) and assigned to groups of high (“high PD”) or low PD tendencies (“low PD”). Participants with intermediate scores were excluded, participants assigned to either group filled in the PCL again after four weeks, only individuals whose score remained inside the cut-offs for either group were subsequently invited to the study. We invited 162 participants and included 151 participants in the analyses based on exclusion criteria defined in an analysis plan, which was time-stamped before the conclusion of data acquisition. Participants performed a probabilistic advice-taking task with dynamic changes in the advice-outcome mapping (volatility) under one of two experimental frames. These frames differentially emphasised possible reasons behind unhelpful advice: (i) the adviser’s possible intentions (dispositional frame) or (ii) the rules of the game (situational frame). Our design was thus 2-by-2 factorial (high vs. low delusional ideation, dispositional vs. situational frame). Participants were matched regarding age, gender, and education in years. In addition to analyses of variance on participants’ behaviour, we applied computational modeling to test the predictions regarding prior beliefs and belief updating mentioned above. Results We found significant group-by-frame interactions, indicating that in the situational frame high PD participants took advice less into account than low scorers (df = (1,150), F = 5.77, p = 0.018, partial η2= 0.04). This was also reflected in the model parameters of the model explaining participants’ learning under uncertainty best in comparison to other learning models (e.g. tonic evolution rate omega2: df = (1,150), F = 4.75, p = 0.03). Discussion Our findings suggest that social inference in individuals with subclinical PD tendencies is shaped by rigid negative prior beliefs about the intentions of others. High PD participants were less sensitive to the attributional framing and updated their beliefs less vs. low PD participants thereby preventing them to make adaptive use of social information in “safe” contexts.

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Rodier, Mitchell, Marie Prévost, Louis Renoult, Claire Lionnet, Yvonne Kwann, Emmanuelle Dionne-Dostie, Isabelle Chapleau, and J. Bruno Debruille. "Healthy people with delusional ideation change their mind with conviction." Psychiatry Research 189, no. 3 (October 2011): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.06.018.

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LUNDBERG, P. "Prevalence of delusional ideation in a district in southwestern Uganda." Schizophrenia Research 71, no. 1 (November 2004): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2004.02.005.

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Moritz, Steffen, Ruth Veckenstedt, Francesca Bohn, Birgit Hottenrott, Florian Scheu, Sarah Randjbar, Julia Aghotor, et al. "Complementary group Metacognitive Training (MCT) reduces delusional ideation in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 151, no. 1-3 (December 2013): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.007.

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MacKinnon, Anna L., Mariam Naguib, Helena J. Barr, Anna Levinsson, Stephanie Robins, Nancy Feeley, Barbara Hayton, Phyllis Zelkowitz, and Ian Gold. "Delusional ideation during the perinatal period in a community sample." Schizophrenia Research 179 (January 2017): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.027.

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Warman, Debbie M., and Paul H. Lysaker. "Delusional Ideation and Self-esteem in Individuals With Psychotic Disorders." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 199, no. 1 (January 2011): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182044b43.

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Schuldberg, David, and Alan London. "Psychological Differentiation and Schizotypal Traits: Negative Results with the Group Embedded Figures Test." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 3_suppl (June 1989): 1219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1219.

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Research on psychological differentiation and psychopathology has indicated that both extremes of differentiation are found in clinical populations. Previous research found that subjects with over-ideational or delusional symptomatology are likely to be field-independent. It was predicted that college students with high scores on measures of Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation, particularly those also high on Impulsive Nonconformity, would receive higher scores than control subjects on the Group Embedded Figures Test, a measure of differentiation. It was also predicted that subjects receiving high scores on Physical Anhedonia would show lower differentiation than controls. The results did not support these predictions, calling into question the relevance of the field dependence/independence construct to schizotypal symptoms. Findings are also discussed in terms of the possible heterogeneity of the Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation groups, restriction of range in samples of nonclinical subjects with schizotypal experiences, and problems in the measurement of cognitive style.

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Peters, E. R., S. A. Joseph, and P. A. Garety. "Measurement of Delusional Ideation in the Normal Population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory)." Schizophrenia Bulletin 25, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 553–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401.

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Tereszko, A., W. Janeczko, J. Słowik, K. Brzezicka, K. Prochwicz, M. Siwek, and D. Dudek. "Executive Functions in Delusion-prone Individuals – Preliminary Studies." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.084.

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IntroductionExecutive dysfunctions in psychotic disorders, mainly schizophrenia are well-known phenomenon, however the information about executive functioning in subclinical psychotic states are still scarce. The rationale for focusing on the delusion-proneness (delusion-like states) is suggested role of executive dysfunction in the process of developing delusions.AimsOur aim is to assess the relationship between delusion-proneness and executive functions.ObjectivesWe would like to assess two cognitive functions: shifting and inhibition and updating, depending on the severity of delusion-like symptoms. We expect that higher delusion-proneness is associated with more pronounced executive dysfunctions, as it is observed in clinical population with existing delusions.MethodsIn order to assess delusion-proneness, we used Polish version of Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI). To evaluate shifting and inhibition, two test were conducted–Berg's Card Sorting Task (BCST) and Stroop task respectively. Correlation analysis were performed.ResultsSixty-four participants (41 women and 23 men) were recruited in this study. Mean age was 28.8, SD = 10.37. Statistical analysis revealed significant negative correlation of PDI distress subscale and BCST non-perseverative errors. The overall score, as well as all PDI subscales correlated negatively also with the Stroop task's total number of errors and positively with the accuracy in incongruent variant.ConclusionsContrary to our expectation, results have shown that delusion-proneness is associated with better results in executive functions test, especially in terms of accuracy. These results suggest that executive functions may play a role in the development and maintenance of delusional ideation, however, its relationship may be a bit more complex.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Corcoran, R. "The allusive cognitive deficit in paranoia: the case for mental time travel or cognitive self-projection." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 8 (January 5, 2010): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170999211x.

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Delusional beliefs are characteristic of psychosis and, of the delusions, the paranoid delusion is the single most common type associated with psychosis. The many years of research focused on neurocognition in schizophrenia, using standardized neurocognitive tests, have failed to find conclusive cognitive deficits in relation to positive symptoms. However, UK-based psychological research has identified sociocognitive anomalies in relation to paranoid thinking in the form of theory of mind (ToM), causal reasoning and threat-related processing anomalies. Drawing from recent neuroscientific research on the default mode network, this paper asserts that the common theme running through the psychological tests that are sensitive to the cognitive impairment of paranoia is the need to cognitively project the self through time, referred to as mental time travel. Such an understanding of the cognitive roots of paranoid ideation provides a synthesis between psychological and biological accounts of psychosis while also retaining the powerful argument that understanding abnormal thinking must start with models of normal cognition. This is the core theme running through the cognitive psychological literature of psychiatric disorders that enables research from this area to inform psychological therapy.

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LUNDBERG, PATRIC, ELIZABETH CANTOR-GRAAE, MAUREEN KAHIMA, and PER-OLOF ÖSTERGREN. "Delusional ideation and manic symptoms in potential future emigrants in Uganda." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 04 (December 6, 2006): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706009494.

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Zawadzki, John Anthony, Todd Stephen Woodward, Helen Moriah Sokolowski, Heather Shirley Boon, Albert Hung Choy Wong, and Mahesh Menon. "Cognitive factors associated with subclinical delusional ideation in the general population." Psychiatry Research 197, no. 3 (May 2012): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.004.

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Prévost, Marie, Mitchell Rodier, Claire Lionnet, Mathieu Brodeur, Suzanne King, and J. Bruno Debruille. "Paranoid induction reduces N400s of healthy subjects with delusional-like ideation." Psychophysiology 48, no. 7 (December 22, 2010): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01160.x.

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Galbraith, Niall, Ken Manktelow, and Neil Morris. "Subclinical delusional ideation and a self-reference bias in everyday reasoning." British Journal of Psychology 99, no. 1 (February 2008): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712607x204317.

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Diaconescu, Andreea Oliviana, Katharina V. Wellstein, Lars Kasper, Christoph Mathys, and Klaas Enno Stephan. "Hierarchical Bayesian models of social inference for probing persecutory delusional ideation." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 129, no. 6 (August 2020): 556–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000500.

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Escher, Sandra, Marius Romme, Alex Buiks, Philippe Delespaul, and Jim van Os. "Formation of delusional ideation in adolescents hearing voices: A prospective study." American Journal of Medical Genetics 114, no. 8 (November 27, 2002): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.10203.

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Caton, Michael, and J. Daniel Ragland. "544. Delusional Ideation in Psychosis Correlates with Decreased Left Prefrontal NAA." Biological Psychiatry 81, no. 10 (May 2017): S220—S221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1152.

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Peters, E. R., S. A. Joseph, and P. A. Garety. "The measurement of delusional ideation in the normal population—-introducing the PDI (PEters et al. delusions inventory)." Schizophrenia Research 15, no. 1-2 (April 1995): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(95)95071-g.

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