Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Delta of Vietnam'
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Maren, D. S. van. "Morphodynamics of a cyclic prograding delta : the Red River, Vietnam /." Utrecht : Royal Dutch Geographical Soc. [u.a.], 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/396699715.pdf.
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Nguyen, Duc Truyen. "Politiques de l'État vietnamien et stratégies paysannes : l'exemple du delta du Fleuve rouge (1945-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0070.
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La thèse s'attache à comprendre les tensions entre politiques agraires de l'État vietnamien et stratégies paysannes confrontées depuis l'avènement du régime communiste en 1945, jusqu'au passage à l'économie de marché. À partir d'une étude de terrain dans le Delta du fleuve Rouge, la thèse retrace dans une première partie la violence de la transition à la collectivisation, les antagonismes entre paysans créés par le régime, et les échecs économiques qui s'ensuivent. Dans une deuxième partie, on a montré le long processus de restauration de l'économie domestique, fondée dans un premier temps sur le travail à côté des paysans sur leurs lopins de terre, reconnue après le Doi Moi, et qui a permis aux paysans de devenir pluriactifs. Dans une troisième partie, on a mis en évidence les effets de la transition à «l'économie de marché à orientation socialiste», en analysant l'organisation des producteurs par filières et les diverses formes de crédits qui organisent une argriculture industrielle et commerciale au détriment de l'agriculture domestique. En conclusion, on s'est interrogé sur le paradoxe entre le régime communiste et l'intensification de la logique du marché, en sorte que l'économie domestique, dont on a montré les atouts, est dans un rapport de force peu favorable en raison du désengagement de l'État.
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Phan, Thanh Lam. "Sustainable development of export-orientated farmed seafood in Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20752.
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Aquaculture is playing an important role in the development of fisheries in Vietnam, a role which has accelerated since 2000. Sustainability in aquaculture is receiving increasing attention, and this issue is not only the concern of government, but also stakeholders participating in the value chain. Therefore, this study aims to identify sustainability issues of farmed seafood by assessing the main sustainability issues raising concern. The Global Value Chain framework described by Gereffi et al. (2005) is applied for this study to explore the business relationships in supply chain and the perceptions of sustainability concerned by the value chain actors. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to collect data. An assessment of four species cultured on the Mekong Delta, the countries farmed seafood ‘hub’, found a clear distinction between species cultured with a local domestic market orientation (Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii; and Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus) and the two key export commodities - Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon & Litopenaeus vannamei). These orientations were based on a range of factors including the development of effective seed supplies and the cultural value of marketing in the live format. This study, conducted in ten provinces in the Mekong Delta from 2009 to 2013 had a focus on understanding the export-orientated commodities, striped catfish and shrimp through collection of baseline information on the value chain of farmed seafood, focusing on the farming sector, the actors and institutions involved and beneficiaries. Sustainability issues and perceptions of experts (top-down) and primary stakeholders (bottom-up) opinions were assessed through participatory workshops. Shrimp and striped catfish production are mainly farmed for export, with 83% and 95% of its production, respectively, leaving the country mainly after processing. Currently, mainly families operate small-/medium-scale farms; while large-farms are integrated within seafood processors. Production efficiency of large-farms tends to be better than small-/medium farms. Many striped catfish and shrimp farms are likely to reach several standard criteria such as economic feed conversion ratio (eFCR), stocking density, no banned chemical/drug and wild-seed use, and land property rights; however, there were still many standard criteria that existing farms could not meet such as effluent management, farm registration, fishmeal control, farm hygiene and record-keeping requirement. Hence, current farming practices, especially small-/medium farms have a long way to go to meet emergent international food standards. Recently, many small-/medium catfish farms faced problems with low fish prices, so they have had to cease catfish farming activities and temporarily stop farming; while some larger farms also had to temporarily stop farming. Therefore, fish price has tended to be a main driving force for catfish farm changes. In the shrimp industry, there were technical changes occurring in the high intensity level of shrimp farms (HiLI); whereas, the remaining shrimp farms had fewer changes in farm management. Most HiLI shrimp farms were affected by AHPNS disease, which was a main factor driving their farm changes. Many perceptions of sustainability were identified by stakeholder groups, however seven sustainability issues had a high level of agreement among stakeholders including input cost, capital & credit costs, unstable markets, government regulation & policy, disease, seed quality, water quality and water availability factors. Hatcheries, farmers and manager groups were more concerned about environmental issues; while for the input suppliers and processors, economics was the main issue. Farmers and processors were two main actors that played an important role in the production process of the value chain. Small-/medium farms dominated the number of farms overall and still played an important role in primary production. However, small-scale farms were considered as more vulnerable actors in the value chain, and they faced more difficulties in meeting increasing requirements on food quality/safety. To maintain the position in the value chain, the solutions could be horizontal and vertical coordination. Thus policy makers will need to find ways to include them in the planning processes. To reach sustainability will require the efforts of direct stakeholders, the role of the state agencies is essential in negotiation and diplomacy to create partnerships with the seafood importing countries. However, efforts to develop sustainable production become impossible without participation from importers, retailers and consumers.
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Phan, Thi Hai Van. "L'arsenic dans les écosystèmes du sud-est asiatique : Mekong Delta Vietnam." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU003/document.
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On retrouve des contaminations d’aquifèr à l’arsenic dans touts les deltaï de l'Asie du Sud-Est, y compris dans le delta du Mékong, ce qui affecte la santé de millions de personnes. L’arsenic est très sensible aux fluctuations des conditions redox qui sont générés par les cycles alternés humides/secs pendant la saison de mousson. Une étude sur les caractéristiques géophysiques et chimiques du sol et des eaux souterraines dans le district de An Phu, dans le haut du delta du Mékong au Vietnam, suggère une forté contamination à l’As dans cette région. Les données chimiques et géophysiques indiquent une forte corrélation entre concentrations dans les eaux souterraines anoxiques et conductivité des sols. La liberation de l’arsenic est associée à la dissolution réductrice induih par des microorganisms des colloïdes et (oxyhydr)oxydes de fer dans des conditions d'oxydo-réduction oscillantes. La présence de bactéries sulforéductrices a le potentiel de stabiliser l’arsenic dans la phase solide et de l’atténuer dans la phase aqueuse par adsorption / désorption de l’arsenic sur les (oxyhydr)oxydes, et / ou sulfures de fer via la formation de complexes thiols. En raison de la teneur en pyrite élevée dans les sédiments, l'oxydation de la pyrite peut abaisser le pH et conduire à l'inhibition de la réduction microbienne du sulfate et aime empêcher la séquestration de l’arsenic dissous. Bien que le cycle biogéochimique de l’arsenic dans un système dynamique d’oxydoréduction soit une problématique complexe, il a été possible de renforcer notre compréhension de ce systèmeAquifer arsenic (As) contamination is occuring throughout deltaic areas of Southeast Asia, including the Mekong Delta, and affects the health of millions of people. As is highly sensitive to fluctuations of redox conditions which are generated by the alternating wet-dry cycles during the monsoonal seasons. A survey of geophysical and chemical characteristics of soil and groundwater in the An Phu district, located in the vicinity of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, shows the occurrence high As aqueous concentration in this region. Chemical and geophysical data indicate a strong positive correlation between As concentrations in the anoxic groundwater and conductivity of soils. In addition, mechanisms of As release are shown to be associated with colloidal and iron (oxyhydr)oxides which undergo microbial mediated reductive dissolution under redox oscilatting conditions. The presence of sulfate microbial reduction potentially stabilizes As in the solid phase and diminish As in the aqueous phase through the adsorption/desorption of As onto iron (oxyhydr)oxides and/ or sulfides with formation of thiols complexes in solid phase. Because of the high pyrite content in sediment, pyrite oxidation may drop in pH values, leads to inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria and reduces sequestration of dissolved As. Although the biogeochemical cycling of redox sensitive species such as As in dynamic systems is challenging, it has been possible to strengthen our collective understanding of such system
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Scornet, Catherine. "Fécondité et politique dans le delta du fleuve rouge (Viet-Nam)." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H048.
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Le Viêt-Nam présente des caractéristiques physiques, économiques et culturelles sur lesquelles les gouvernements successifs se sont fondes depuis le début des années soixante pour élaborer leur politique de réduction de la fécondité, soit en s'appuyant sur elles, soit en les contournant. La thèse montrera que, dans le delta du fleuve rouge, le mode de production agricole (la riziculture inondée) et le système des valeurs (le culte des ancêtres) ont induit le choix de la politique de limitation des naissances et les modalités de son application. A titre d'exemple, la riziculture inondée nécessite une main-d'œuvre nombreuse, le culte des ancêtres nécessite d'avoir au moins un fils, mais ces logiques économiques et culturelles conduisant à une fécondité élevée entrent en conflit avec les contraintes liées au milieu, notamment la forte pression démographique sur les terres. En élaborant des mesures nationales pour contrer la croissance démographique, le pouvoir politique vietnamien a défini un cadre général, mais face aux contraintes spécifiques à la région du delta du fleuve rouge, les pouvoirs locaux (au niveau de la province, du district et de la commune) ont eu des marges de manœuvre importantes pour adapter leurs politiques démographiques aux particularités locales. Deux communes du delta ont donné lieu à un travail de terrain, An Hiep dans la province de Thai Binh et Ninh Hiep dans la province de Hanoi. Ce travail, réalisé entre janvier 1994 et juin 1997, a consisté en entretiens semi-directifs individuels ou collectifs auprès des habitants des communes et des responsables politiques au niveau communal, du district, de la province et à l'échelon national. La thèse utilise ces entretiens en complément des données de l'enquête démographie et sante de 1988, du recensement de 1989, de l'enquête intercensitaire de 1994 et de l'enquête démographie et sante de 1997.
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Phạm, Thúy Hương. "Transition de la nuptialité au Viêt-Nam : le cas du delta du fleuve Rouge." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H061.
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En Asie, la transition de la nuptialité est en cours depuis les années 1970, partant du modèle traditionnel vers le modèle " moderne " qui se caractérise par un recul de l’âge au premier mariage, une augmentation de la proportion des célibataires définitifs, un accroissement de l'instabilité conjugale et une tendance plus individualiste dans la formation des couples. Bien que le Viêt-Nam, comme la plupart des pays asiatiques, n'ait pas un niveau de développement élevé et reste attache à sa culture traditionnelle, il présente des caractéristiques socio-économiques spécifiques. Dans ce contexte, comment la transition de la nuptialité se passe-t-elle au Viêt-Nam ? Cette recherche, consacrée à la population du delta du fleuve rouge, veut apporter des réponses à la question posée. Les différents aspects de la nuptialité ont été examines : la formation des couples ; le calendrier et l'intensité du premier mariage ; les relations sexuelles prénuptiales et la rupture d'union, en particulier le divorce. Les résultats obtenus ont mis en évidence un modèle de transition avec quatre types d'évolution dans les comportements : la rupture, la continuité, l'innovation et un certain retour au mariage traditionnelIn Asia, the nuptiality transition began in the 1970s, with marriage patterns moving from the traditional patterns to the "modem" ones, characterized by a drop in the age at first marriage, a growth of never-married people, an increase of conjugal instability, and a move towards love marriage, away from arranged marriages. Vietnam, like some of its Asian neighbors, has a relatively low level of economic development, a strong sense of preservation of traditional culture, but Vietnam is also unique in some ways. How does marriage transition take place in such a context, then? We try to find answers to that question, using data from the red river delta population. Different aspects of nuptiality have been examined: couple formation ; timing and prevalence of first marriage ; premarital sexual relations and splitting of unions, particularly divorce. The results of this research have revealed a transition pattern containing four types of behavior development: breaking off, going on, innovation and return to traditional marriage
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Bui, Ngoc Thi Quynh. "Accomodating traditions of hospitality in a tourist region : the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8593/.
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While there has been a significant focus on how hospitality was commodified, commercialised and standardised in the literature, less attention is given to the extent of which local traditions and hospitality change and adapt to the demand of tourists. Through an empirically grounded investigation, this thesis at micro-level gives an insight to how local hospitality and traditions in Mekong Delta (Vietnam) transform in homestay practice under the pressure of tourism development. Normally, the local traditions and hospitality are offered by the host and experienced by the guests. However by focusing on contact zone, the settings and decoration of homestays, this thesis shows this mechanism in Mekong Delta is not one way but a dynamic process. The guests do not only passively receive but also have influences on what the hosts can offer. In fact, the homestay providers have capitalised on what tourists want to see. As consequence, local traditions and hospitality are changing and subject to re-invention to adapt to legal requirements, tourists demands, and social context. Ironically, tourists are using homestay believing they are experiencing true Vietnamese culture, while actually the local Vietnamese people are changing their traditional home styles and behaviour to accommodate the tourists.
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Long, Nguyen Tien. "Sustainabilty assessment of vegetable cultivation systems in the Red River Delta, Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16763.
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Zur Einschätzungen und Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit der gegenwärtigen Gemüseproduktion im Roten-Fluss-Delta, Vietnam, erfolgten empirische Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung und Bewertung eines Nachhaltigkeitsindex unter Nutzung verschiedener Lösungsansätze. Die Analysen und Einschätzungen wurden aus ökologischer ökonomischer und sozialer Sicht vorgenommen. Die erfassten Daten wurden unter Nutzung von zwei Methoden ausgewertet, der Mehr-Kriterien-Bewertungsmethode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) und der Fuzzy Bewertungsmethode. In Workshops wurden mit den Farmern Präferenzen als Element der AHP, zu den Kriterien die Ausdruck der Nachhaltigkeit sind, erarbeitet. Es wurde herausgearbeitet, dass im ländlichen Raum, die Gemüseproduktion nachhaltig ist, im Peri-urbanen Raum wurde eine geringe Nachhaltigkeit ermittelt und im urbanen Raum keine Nachhaltigkeit. Im Ergebnis der Forschungsarbeit wurde herausgearbeitet, dass für einen nachhaltigen Gemüse-Anbau im Roten-Fluss-Delta, die Farmer ihr Kontrollsystem und System der Nachverfolgbarkeit verbessern müssen. Gleichermaßen ist es erforderlich die sozialen Bedingungen so zu gestalten, das die Prinzipien der‚ Guten Landwirtschaftlichen Praxis‘ greifen. Im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeit konnte gleichfalls eine Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit unter Nutzung der Fuzzy Methode erfolgreich eingesetzt werden. Diese Ergebnisse sind geeignet, sowohl den Farmern, als auch den politischen Entscheidungsträgern, die geeigneten Werkzeuge für die Entwicklung einer nachhaltigen Gemüse Kultivierung in der Zukunft zu geben.This study is empirical research by applying different sustainability assessment approaches to evaluate and to compare the sustainability index of the existing vegetable cultivation systems in the Red River Delta - the largest vegetable production land area of Vietnam in terms of environment, economic and social dimensions. In addition, this study also incorporated farmers'' perceptions as well as their preferences into the weight of criteria by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in multi-criteria evaluation method, and rules formed in fuzzy evaluation method. The results from the sustainability assessment for the vegetable cultivation systems show that in the rural area, the sustainability are acceptable whereas in the peri-urban area are only conditionally acceptable, and in the urban area are not sustainable. The results from this study indicate that, to achieve sustainable vegetable cultivation systems in the Red River Delta in Vietnam, the farmers need improved internal controls and tracing systems as well as strict social control in order to implement good agricultural practices guidelines. This study result also shows that the sustainability assessment by fuzzy evaluation approach appears to be well suited to provide quantitative answers pertaining to sustainability that can help policy maker in choosing the tool for sustainability assessment in the future.
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Vo, Thi Guong. "La fertilisation du riz (Oryza sativa) dans le delta du Mékong (Vietnam)." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT014A.
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Le delta du mekong est un vaste ensemble tres plat, soumis aux pluies de moussons, aux inondations du fleuve mekong et aux remontees de la mer. Les sols sont alluviaux ou sulfates acides, parfois sales. Les rendements en riz sont alors sensibles a la texture du sol a la salinite, mais surtout a la saison. Malgre les faibles teneurs en p et k assimilables, le riz trouve suffisamment de ces deux elements. Le potassium est present en grandes quantites dans les illites, mais le p total reste peu abondant et risque de manquer au bout de quelques annees. Cela necessiterait une experimentation a long terme. Le rendement est directement correle a l'apport d'azote, mais des quantites de 40 a 80 kg/ha/recolte sont largement suffisantes au lieu des 120 kg souvent apportes.
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Lam, Chi-Nguyen. "Méthodes de Machine Learning pour le suivi de l'occupation du sol des deltas du Viêt-Nam." Thesis, Brest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BRES0074.
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Le développement socio-économique au Vietnam est associé à l'existence des grands deltas fluviaux. En outre, les facteurs environnementaux tels que la sécheresse et l’inondation jouent un rôle important dans le changement de l’occupation du sol au niveau de ces deltas. Ces changements ne sont pas sans impact sur l’équilibre naturel et économique du pays. Dans cette optique, cette thèse a pour objectifs de proposer des méthodes de traitement des données satellites pour une cartographie et suivi efficaces de l’occupation du sol au niveau des deux principaux deltas du Viêt- Nam, fleuve rouge et du Mékong. En effet, un travail expérimental a été effectué en vérifiant et évaluant l’apport du traitement d’images multi-capteurs par de nombreuses approches de segmentation d’image et d’apprentissage automatique peu profond et profond. Ainsi, un modèle de Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) adapté au contexte de l’étude, a démontré sa robustesse pour la détection et la cartographie de l’occupation du sol afin de caractériser l’aléa de l’inondation et d’analyser les enjeuxSocio-economic development in Vietnam is associated with the existence of large fluvial deltas. Furthermore, environmental factors such as dryness and flooding have an important role in the change of land use/land cover within these deltas. These changes have an impact on the natural and economic balance of the country. In this perspective, the objectives of the present thesis are to suggest processing methods of satellite data for an efficient mapping and monitoring of land use in the two main deltas of Vietnam, the Red River and the Mekong Delta. Indeed, experimental work has been carried out by verifying and evaluating the contribution of multi-sensor image processing through various image segmentation approaches and machine/deep learning algorithms. Thus, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model adapted to the context of the study demonstrated its robustness for the detection and mapping of land use in order to characterise the flood hazard and analyse the issues at risk
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Nguyen, Thuy Thi Hong. "Modeling socio-economic and environmental impacts of shrimp farming in Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/T_Nguyen_042809.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in environmental science)--Washington State University, May 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 9, 2009). "School of Earth and Environmental Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-61).
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Ho, Loc Huu. "Ecosystem Services Approach for Environment Decision Making Applications in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227612.
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Yanagisawa, Masayuki. "Agroecological evaluation of the intensified cropping systems in the Red River Delta,Vietnam." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78117.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第8632号
農博第1159号
新制||農||814(附属図書館)
学位論文||H12||N3477(農学部図書室)
UT51-2000-R38
京都大学大学院農学研究科熱帯農学専攻
(主査)教授 櫻谷 哲夫, 教授 天野 高久, 教授 小﨑 隆
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Phan, Ky Trung, Thi Le Hang Tran, Thi My Linh Nguyen, and Pham Dang Tri Van. "Assessing the groundwater resources management in the Bac Lieu Province, Mekong delta, Vietnam." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32628.
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The research aims to assess the current groundwater resources management in Bac Lieu province. The combination of descriptive statistic and interview approach (including individual interview and key informant panel) were applied based on the principles of water governance framework developed by the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to assess the policy coherence and the transparency and stakeholder engagement of the groundwater management. The study showed that the current groundwater resources management improved overtime; however, the policies were not completely sufficient and the responsibility of the units related to the groundwater resources management was not indicated clearly yet. Thus, overlaps in function of different management units are found and the access of the local people to the groundwater management was limited. In addition, the stakeholder involvement in managing the groundwater resources was in short of both amount and qualification. The separation of powers seems to be higher and higher, the local government has the main responsibility to manage the groundwater and the communities, especially the local people still have low rate of participation in the groundwater resources management process.Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiện trạng quản lý nguồn tài nguyên nước dưới đất (NDĐ) tại tỉnh Bạc Liêu. Sự kết hợp giữa phương pháp thống kê mo tả va phương pháp phỏng vấn (bao gồm phỏng vấn cá nhân và phỏng vấn chuyên gia)dựa trên những quy định về quản trị tài nguyên nước của Tổ chức Hợp tác và Phát triển Kinh tế (OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) được áp dụng để đánh sự chặt chẽ của các chính sách quản lý, sự minh bạch của công tác quản lý và sự tham gia của các bên có liên quan. Kết quả cho thấy, cơ chế quản lý nguồn tài nguyên NDĐ đã và đang dần hoàn thiện, song các chính sách quản lý vẫn còn chưa đầy đủ và trách nhiệm của các đơn vị quản lý vẫn chưa được quy định rõ ràng. Vì vậy, đến nay công tác quản lý còn phát sinh sự chồng chéo và thiếu sự phối hợp giữa các cơ quan chức năng có liên quan cũng như sự liên kết giữa cơ quan quản lý địa phương và người sử dụng tài nguyên NDĐ. Thêm vào đó, các bên có liên quan tham gia vào quản lý nguồn tài nguyên NDĐ còn hạn chế về cả số lượng và năng lực, trong đó chính quyền địa phương là đơn vị quản lý chính; do vậy, sự tập trung quyền hạn vào một chủ thể (chính quyền địa phương) là rất cao và sự tham gia của cộng đồng, đặc biệt là người sử dụng NDĐ, còn hạn chế.
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Luu, Thi Nguyet Minh. "Transport de matières et qualité des eaux dans le continuum du bassin du Fleuve Rouge au Delta : bilan et modélisation." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066303.
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L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les contributions du basin amont du Fleuve Rouge au delta et d’étudier les transformations et rétentions de matière au sein du delta. Le bilan hydrologique a été établi pour les 2 années 1996 et 2006, le DFR peut exporter annuellement 100 à 140 km3 d’eau à la mer. Des bilans agricoles ont été établis pour les 5 sous-bassins, en termes de flux entrant et sortant de matière en suspension et de nutriments, de la production agricole et de consommation. Le bassin amont exporte 160. 106 kgN/an vers le delta, le flux de nutriments exporté à l’exutoire du delta est seulement de 130. 106 kgN/an, ce qui indique un taux de rétention de 43% pour azote. Le flux de phosphore à l’exutoire du delta est 32. 106 kgP/an, ce qui représente une rétention de 50%. Par contre la rétention de silice est faible, de l’ordre de 8% par an. Les valeurs de N-ICEP (-10. 2 kgC/km²/jour) and the P-ICEP (-19. 9 kgC/km²/jour) diminuent par rapport à l’amont du delta, montrant un effet bénéfique du delta par rapport à l’eutrophisation; de plus avec de valeurs qui diminuent à l’exutoire du delta au dessous du zéro, les risques d’eutrophication des zones côtières seraient limités. L’implémentation du modèle Rivertrahler pour le système Nhue – Day permet de calculer les variations géographiques et saisonnières du débit, de la qualité de l’eau et du fonctionnement écologique du réseau hydrographique. Le modèle a été validé pour ces trois années 2006, 2007 et 2008. Le modèle a enfin été utilisé pour explorer divers scénarios de possibles changements futurs du delta concernant l’usage du sol et l’agriculture, la population et son régime alimentaire et sa gestion des eaux usées.
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Besemer, Kirsten Laurisse. "Rural livelihoods and inequality under trade liberalisation : a case study of southern Vietnam." Thesis, University of Chester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/253692.
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The purpose of this mixed-methods case study research is to discover how, in relation to trade liberalisation in Vietnam's Mekong Delta, intangible assets affect livelihood outcomes of the ethnic majority Kinh and the ethnic minority Khmer people. Methods used include a random survey of 150 ethnic majority (Kinh) rice farmers combined with focus group data from Khmer ethnic minority people. Data shows that lack of access to information about the changing economic circumstances generated by trade reform has caused farmers to take sub-optimal decisions about the diversification of their crops. The economic outcomes on Khmer farmers have also been negatively affected by a lack of information, compounded by rigid gender roles, lack of education, discrimination, language problems and isolation from the majority ethnic group. These factors have contributed considerably to the negative outcomes of liberalisation, including loss of land, and have impeded people's ability to make use of emerging opportunities, including better access to markets and new ways of making a livelihood. This research shows that intangible assets interact with trade liberalisation to exacerbate existing inequalities.
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Nguyen-Thi-Hong-Lieu. "Holocene evolution of the Central Red River Delta, Northern Vietnam lithological and mineralogical investigations /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984458751.
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Men, Bui Xuan. "Feeding and management systems for smallholder duck production in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009768689&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Luu, Truc T. T. "Investigation into jaundice in farmed catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/13060.
Full textAbstract:
Disease outbreaks continue to be a major problem in the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Clinical outbreaks can negatively impact on the welfare of the fish and the economic gain derived from this industry. Jaundice observed as a yellow colouration in the abdominal skin, sclera of the eyes and fin bases is a significant health problem affecting the Vietnamese freshwater catfish industry. This study was designed to investigate jaundice of farmed catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus using several complementary approaches. These included clinical investigations and identification of potential aetiological agents as well as epidemiological analyses to identify farm-based risk factors for this economically devastating condition occurring in the catfish farms of the Mekong Delta. The results of this survey demonstrated that the jaundice was not linked to a single geographical location as affected fish were found widely distributed throughout the five main production areas. Nor was any association found between any weight groupings, feed type or feeding regime applied in the affected farms. The highest prevalence occurred between June to October and fish mortalities ranged from 1 to 10% in the study sites. The duration of this condition was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) to mortality but not to total farm area, depth of pond, stocking density, or amount of water exchanged. The number of fish ponds affected was not as high in the large-scale farms compared to the small-scale farms. The results from the clinical description study showed that the affected fish were suffering a form of jaundice or icterus. Histological examination revealed a number of serious pathologies in the affected fish. Spleenomegaly was associated with the loss of cell structure and connective tissue and the haematopoietic tissue had large areas of necrosis. In the liver, histological changes consisted of vasculitis and multifocal to diffuse hepatocellular necrosis. The presence of haemosiderin was observed in melano-macrophage centres in the spleen and kidney of jaundiced fish. No single pathogen was identified in the jaundiced fish. Myxosporean infection was found in both apparently normal fish and jaundiced fish. However, there was a definite tendency for jaundiced fish to be more heavily infected. Histopathological examination found several changes that could not be ascribed to specific aetiological factors and presume that both groups (jaundiced alone and myxosporean-affected jaundiced fish) have similar lesions. The results of this study would suggest that the parasite identified as M. pangasii was not a primary pathogen associated with the haemolytic jaundice. Neither were the gills myxosporeans associated with the haemolytic jaundice and they may be considered more as a nuisance rather than as primary pathogens in farmed P. hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Univariate analysis of the whole dataset showed several variables were significantly associated with the haemolytic jaundice. However, none of the variables achieved lasting statistical relevance in multivariable models. In conclusion, this study identified a haemolytic jaundice condition affecting farmed P. hypophthalmus in Vietnam, but no single aetiological agent or farm based risk factor was identified with this condition. Several priority areas for further work were identified and include a prospective, longitudinal cohort study to identify further the risk factors associated with the clinical jaundice condition.
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Vũ, Mạnh Lợi. "Fertility behavior in the Vietnam Red River Delta : birth timing and birth interval dynamics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8902.
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Johansson, Anders. ""Life is Chaos Now" : Water, Modernity and Changing Landscapes in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386040.
Full textAbstract:
This study details the effects of climate change and market fluctuations on the rural district of Cu Lao Dung located in the Mekong Delta of southern Vietnam. Using theoretical concepts on modernity, the environment and water from researchers Arjun Appadurai, Tim Ingold and Veronica Strang I study the political ecology of the Delta. Through interviews with farmers I found that climate change and market fluctuations are stalling economic development and significantly worsening already strong migration flows, leading to many people of working age leaving the district. Insufficient government support and dire climate projections means that the problems observed on Cu Lao Dung are only posed to grow worse.
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Le, Nhu Da, Thi Phuong Quynh Le, and Thi Thuy Duong. "Observation of organic matters concentrations in agricultural runoff in the Red River Delta (Vietnam)." Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70811.
Full textAbstract:
Due to utilization increase of chemical fertilizers and manures and of a large water volume for irrigation, agricultural runoff has significantly accelerated water pollution. The Red River locates in Vietnam where agriculture plays an important role in the country’s economy. This paper presented the observation results of organic matters concentrations in agricultural runoff from different plant fields (vegetable, flower and rice) in the Red River Delta in 2013 -2014. The results showed that DOC concentrations varied in a high range from 1.0 mg.L-1 to 37.1 mg.L-1, averaging 10.2 ± 6.2 mg.L-1 whereas POC concentrations varied from 0.5 to 4.5 mg.L-1, averaging 1.7 ± 0.7 mg.L-1 for a total 104 samples observed. TOC concentrations in water from the vegetable and flower fields (11.7 ± 7.3 mg.L-1 and 12.6 ± 6.0 mg.L-1 respectively) were higher than the one from the rice field (8.5 ± 6.6 mg.L-1). Lower organic matters concentrations were found in the rainy season than in the dry season due to dilution process. The results suggest the needs for regularly monitoring and efforts to control organic matter pollution from agricultural runoff in the Red River basin or other river basins in developing countries.Do sử dụng phân bón và thể tích nước tưới lớn, canh tác nông nghiệp đã và đang góp phần đáng kể gây ô nhiễm nguồn nước. Sông Hồng nằm ở Việt Nam, nơi ngành nông nghiệp đóng vai trò quan trọng trong nền kinh tế. Bài báo trình bày kết quả quan trắc hàm lượng cacbon hữu cơ (TOC) bao gồm dạng hòa tan (DOC) và không tan (POC), trong nước chảy tràn từ đất canh tác (rau, hoa, lúa) ở đồng bằng sông Hồng năm 2013 -2014. Kết quả cho thấy DOC thay đổi rất rộng từ 1,0 mg.L-1 đến 37,1 mg.L-1, trung bình đạt 10,2 ± 6,2 mg.L-1 trong khi POC thay đổi từ 0,5 mg. L-1 đến 4,5 mg.L-1, trung bình đạt 1,7 ± 0,7 mg.L-1 đối với 104 mẫu nước. TOC từ trồng rau và hoa (11,7 ± 7,3 mg. L-1 và 12,6 ± 6,0 mg.L-1) cao hơn so với trồng lúa (8,5 ± 6,6 mg. L-1). TOC trong mùa mưa thấp hơn so với mùa khô. Cần thường xuyên giám sát và nỗ lực kiểm soát ô nhiễm chất hữu cơ do nước chảy tràn từ đất canh tác ở lưu vực sông Hồng.
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Hahn, Celia. "Review of arsenic contamination and human exposure through water and food in rural areas in Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-201053.
Full textAbstract:
The Red River Delta in Vietnam is one of the regions whose quaternary aquifers are polluted by arsenic. Chronic toxification by arsenic can cause severe illnesses such as cancer, skin lesions, developmental defects, cardiovascular and neurological diseas-es, and diabetes. In this study, a food processing craft village in the Red River Delta was investigated regarding the potential risk faced by the population due to arsenic. The potential sources of arsenic are the groundwater, the crops grown in the sur-roundings, and animal products from local husbandry. However, the occurrence of arsenic in nature is variable, and its bioavailability and toxicity depend very much on its specification: trivalent compounds are more toxic and often more mobile than pen-tavalent compounds, while inorganic species are generally more toxic than organic ones. Local conditions, such as the redox potential, strongly influence its specification and thus potential bioavailability.
The introduction to this work elucidates the key factors which potentially cause human exposure to arsenic: the geological setting of the study area, land and water use pat-terns, and the current state of research regarding the mobilization, bioavailability and plant uptake of arsenic.
Although the study area is located in a region where the groundwater is known to be moderately contaminated by arsenic, the level of arsenic in the groundwater in the village had not previously been determined. In this study, water use in the village was examined by a survey among the farmers and by water analyses, which are present-ed in the following chapters. Four main water sources (rain, river, tube well and a pub-lic municipal waterworks) are used for the different daily activities; the highest risk to human health was found to be the bore well water, which is pumped from the shallow Holocene aquifer. The water from the bore wells is commonly used for cleaning and washing as well as to feed the animals and for food processing. Products like noodles and rice wine were examined as well as local pork and poultry. Vegetables from the gardens and rice plants from the surrounding paddy fields were sampled and ana-lyzed. All plants were found to have accumulated arsenic, leafy vegetables showing the highest arsenic concentrations.
The results are discussed and compared, and conclusions are drawn in the last part. The reducing conditions in the paddy fields are likely to have a strong influence on arsenic uptake in rice plants and on transport to the aquifer. The installation of a wastewater treatment plant under the research project INHAND, which was funded by the BMBF German Ministry of Education and Research, led to lower arsenic concen-trations in the groundwater.
Soaring industrialization, the growing population, and the consumers’ changing behav-ior will widely affect land and water use and hence the potential mobilization of arse-nic. In order to mitigate further human exposure to arsenic, wastewater needs to be treated and the reducing conditions in the rice fields need to be decreased by means of enhanced cultivation methods.
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Marks, Brian. "Small Fry in a Big Ocean: Change, Resilience and Crisis in the Shrimp Industry of the Mekong Delta of Việt Nam." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193955.
Full textAbstract:
The development of shrimp aquaculture in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam is implicated in several patterns of local and regional change. These change trajectories are the emergent properties of complex processes embedded in particular social and spatial contexts. While places have become more interconnected through the global shrimp trade, those interconnections have been highly uneven, distributing risks and rewards disproportionately and producing new forms of conflict and cooperation among participants in the production network.Land use and farming systems in the coastal delta have changed profoundly in recent years. While some areas have become effectively `locked in' to shrimp farming due to environmental changes initiated by salt-water aquaculture, others have remained more flexible, able to rotate rice and shrimp seasonally. Hydrologic conditions, water infrastructures, and farmer experience all contribute to the path-dependence of these change trajectories, but commodity prices exhibit the strongest influence on their direction. Price stabilization may contribute to making prices a sustaining, `slow' variable in system change, not a disruptive `fast' one, heightening overall resilience.The production network of Mekong Delta shrimp is articulated through a variety of socially embedded relationships. Most producers are linked with international markets through informal ties with input suppliers based on trust and shrimp buyers, a relationship marked by opportunism. Processors operate through long-term informal relations with importers based on quality and consistency. This variegated network of relationships means farmers bear the brunt of price shocks, but processors lack quality assurance and traceability. Efforts to link chain participants into closer affiliation must pay attention to these relationships' effects on commodity chain governance.The globalization of the shrimp industry brought about conflicts between producers in the Mekong and Mississippi Deltas. Feminist geographers have posited several responses to globalization, from `counter-topographies' to `diverse economies/resubjectivization.' Living in Viet Nam and working with shrimp producers, I attempted to use these approaches to articulate an internationalist and trans-regional politics. Interactions with people there primarily resubjectivized me and reinforced national-scaled spatial imaginaries, however. Nevertheless, being `Uncle America' offered an insightful perspective into how some Vietnamese understood themselves and Viet Nam's tortured relationship with the U.S.
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Nguyen, Thi Phuong Loan. "Legal framework of the water sector in Vietnam: achievements and challenges." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88472.
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Since 1986 and especially during the early 90s, environmental protection has become a constitutional principle in Vietnam as regulated by Articles 17 and 29 of the 1992 Constitution. The first Law on Environmental Protection, passed by the National Assembly on December 27, 1993 created a foundation for environmental legislation becoming an important field in Vietnam’s legal system. In the following, Vietnam enacted its very first Law on Water Resources (No. 08/1998/QH10) in January 1999 aiming to provide a foundational framework for managing the water sector in Vietnam. In recent years, the legislative framework on water resources management has further developed. Important water-related regulations on the guidance and implementation of the Law on Water Resources have been issued and often amended to meet the requirements of the country’s development, and its international integration. To date, Vietnam’s legislation on the water sector consists of a complex system of legal documents issued by different state agencies. Though legislation of water sector management in Vietnam has greatly improved during the last decade, it has obviously not yet come to full fruition. Hence, the paper intends to provide an overview of achievements as well as problems and conflicting issues within Vietnam’s current water sector management legislationKể từ năm 1986, đặc biệt là những năm đầu của thập kỷ 90, bảo vệ môi trường đã trở thành nguyên tắc hiến định (được quy định tại Điều 17 và 29 Hiến pháp 1992). Luật Bảo vệ môi trường đầu tiên được Quốc hội thông qua ngày 27 tháng 12 năm 1993 đã đặt nền móng cho việc hình thành hệ thống pháp luật về môi trường ở Việt Nam. Tiếp theo đó, ngày 20 tháng 05 năm 1998, Quốc hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội Việt Nam khóa X, kỳ họp thứ 3 đã thông qua văn bản luật đầu tiên về tài nguyên nước - Luật Tài nguyên nước số 08/1998/QH10 hình thành một nền tảng pháp lý cho hệ thống pháp luật bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam. Trong những năm gần đây, hầu hết các văn bản dưới luật quan trọng và cần thiết cho việc hướng dẫn thi hành Luật Tài nguyên nước đã được ban hành và không ngừng được sửa đổi, bổ sung nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu phát triển và hội nhập quốc tế của đất nước trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, khung pháp lý hiện hành về tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam bao gồm một hệ thống các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật khá phức tạp, nhiều tầng nấc, được ban hành bởi nhiều cơ quan có thẩm quyền khác nhau. Mặc dù hệ thống pháp luật về tài nguyên nước đã được liên tục sửa đổi, bổ sung và hoàn thiện trong suốt một thập kỷ qua, nhưng rõ ràng vẫn chưa thực sự đi vào cuộc sống. Bài viết dưới đây đề cập chủ yến đến một số các thành tựu cũng như những vấn đề mâu thuẫn hiện tại của pháp luật bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam
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Binh, Nguyen Thanh [Verfasser]. "Vulnerability and adaptation to salinity intrusion in the Mekong delta of Vietnam / Nguyen Thanh Binh." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077388489/34.
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Pham, Cong Huu [Verfasser]. "Planning and Implementation of the Dyke Systems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam / Cong Huu Pham." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016217986/34.
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Unverricht, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Hydro-, morpho- and sediment-dynamic processes in the subaqueous Mekong Delta, Southern Vietnam / Daniel Unverricht." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138979627/34.
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Chun, Jane M. "Livelihoods under stress : household assets and responses to environmental change in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:db88c118-2287-46aa-8793-37b764f38047.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a response to broad stroked claims that climate change and sea-level rise will cause mass displacements in areas such as the Mekong Delta. Instead, I argue for a more nuanced approach to understanding vulnerability and household response measures in contexts of environmental stress, and highlight the importance of deciphering differentiations of vulnerability across households of varying characteristics. I propose that in this way, by empirically understanding differentiated household vulnerabilities and response measures to stress rather than focusing on one type of stressor (environmental change) and response (migration), we would be better positioned to holistically address the root causes of vulnerability. To this end, I take a micro household-level approach, using an asset vulnerability framework, to assess the role of various household assets in mediating vulnerability and resilience in the rural Mekong Delta context. As a result, we are able to understand the interactions of numerous elements, including the effects of environmental stress and mobility decision-making processes, within the context of household asset profiles, which are in turn shaped by the broader political ecology. The main findings of this study furthermore include the ‘counterintuitive’ role of environmental stress, where it is found to be one of many stressors, often paling in comparison to the pressure of others. In the process of analysing resettlement outcomes, we encounter the process of vulnerability shifts, whereby some vulnerabilities are alleviated while others are increased as a result of resettlement. Finally, in terms of the link between environmental change and migration, a direct relationship is found to be tenuous. Instead, the key drivers, deterrents, and facilitators of migration are identified, pointing to the significance of assets and their role in shaping mobility decisions and outcomes for households. This leads us to not only think about those who move, but also those who do not have the option to move as a result of their poor asset profiles.
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Kotera, Akihiko. "Influence of flooding on rice and its risk mitigation in the Red River delta, Vietnam." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144421.
Full textAbstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11952号
農博第1533号
新制||農||921(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N4097(農学部図書室)
23741
UT51-2006-B131
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 櫻谷 哲夫, 教授 堀江 武, 教授 三野 徹
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Biggs, David Andrew. "Between the rivers and tides : a hydraulic history of the Mekong Delta, 1820-1975 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10389.
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Dang, Thi Hue. "Supply of affordable high quality potato seed for potato production in the Red River Delta of Vietnam." Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=118348.
Full textAbstract:
Poor quality seed is the major constraint limiting both the productivity of potato crops and the expansion of the potato industry in Vietnam. Despite numerous attempts to establish a certified seed system, the most practical solution is to import clean foundation seed of the desired variety and physiological age. With imports from Europe and North America proving to be immature and too expensive, Western Australia (WA) has emerged as a potential source of high quality seed. While seed imports from WA are unique in that the varieties imported have been selected by researchers in Vietnam as being suited to the agro-ecological environment in the Red River Delta (RRD), no assessment of the economic benefits to smallholder potato farmers from the use of WA potato seed has been undertaken. In 2006/08, the yield and profitability of three potato varieties Eben, KT3 and Atlantic in two locations were compared where the crops had been derived from new seed imported from WA (VN0), seed derived from crops cultivated in the RRD after one generation (VN1) and two generations (VN2). There was a significant difference in the yield produced between the three different seed sources but not between the locations. For all varieties, and in both years, the yield decreased with the number of multiplications in Vietnam. Furthermore, the marketable yield declined significantly from the first crop (VN0) to the third crop (VN2). The decline in yield and tuber quality with each successive generation was associated with an increase in PVY and PVX infection. Not unexpectedly, differences in yield and marketable yield between the seed generations had a significant impact on the gross income for each variety.VN0 seed of all varieties produced the highest gross income (VND 2.4 to 4.1 M/sao) compared to VN1 (VND 1.9 to 3.1 M/sao) which was significantly higher than VN2 (VND 1.4 to 2.4 M/sao). However, while high quality seed is more productive, it is also more expensive. As a result, significant differences were observed between the seed costs. VN0 seed was almost two times more expensive (VND 10,500 – 11,000 per kg) than VN1 and VN2 seed (VND 6,000 – 6,500 per kg). Despite the higher costs, VN0 seed provided the highest net incomes compared to VN1 which was significantly higher than VN2. Farmers who retained seed received a higher net income (VND 0.13 – 0.6 M/sao) than those who did not retain seed. Ways to improve the accessibility of affordable, high quality potato seed to farmers in the RRD are discussed.
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Hahn, Celia. "Review of arsenic contamination and human exposure through water and food in rural areas in Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Eigenverlag des Forums für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e.V, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29429.
Full textAbstract:
The Red River Delta in Vietnam is one of the regions whose quaternary aquifers are polluted by arsenic. Chronic toxification by arsenic can cause severe illnesses such as cancer, skin lesions, developmental defects, cardiovascular and neurological diseas-es, and diabetes. In this study, a food processing craft village in the Red River Delta was investigated regarding the potential risk faced by the population due to arsenic. The potential sources of arsenic are the groundwater, the crops grown in the sur-roundings, and animal products from local husbandry. However, the occurrence of arsenic in nature is variable, and its bioavailability and toxicity depend very much on its specification: trivalent compounds are more toxic and often more mobile than pen-tavalent compounds, while inorganic species are generally more toxic than organic ones. Local conditions, such as the redox potential, strongly influence its specification and thus potential bioavailability.
The introduction to this work elucidates the key factors which potentially cause human exposure to arsenic: the geological setting of the study area, land and water use pat-terns, and the current state of research regarding the mobilization, bioavailability and plant uptake of arsenic.
Although the study area is located in a region where the groundwater is known to be moderately contaminated by arsenic, the level of arsenic in the groundwater in the village had not previously been determined. In this study, water use in the village was examined by a survey among the farmers and by water analyses, which are present-ed in the following chapters. Four main water sources (rain, river, tube well and a pub-lic municipal waterworks) are used for the different daily activities; the highest risk to human health was found to be the bore well water, which is pumped from the shallow Holocene aquifer. The water from the bore wells is commonly used for cleaning and washing as well as to feed the animals and for food processing. Products like noodles and rice wine were examined as well as local pork and poultry. Vegetables from the gardens and rice plants from the surrounding paddy fields were sampled and ana-lyzed. All plants were found to have accumulated arsenic, leafy vegetables showing the highest arsenic concentrations.
The results are discussed and compared, and conclusions are drawn in the last part. The reducing conditions in the paddy fields are likely to have a strong influence on arsenic uptake in rice plants and on transport to the aquifer. The installation of a wastewater treatment plant under the research project INHAND, which was funded by the BMBF German Ministry of Education and Research, led to lower arsenic concen-trations in the groundwater.
Soaring industrialization, the growing population, and the consumers’ changing behav-ior will widely affect land and water use and hence the potential mobilization of arse-nic. In order to mitigate further human exposure to arsenic, wastewater needs to be treated and the reducing conditions in the rice fields need to be decreased by means of enhanced cultivation methods.:Abstract III
Zusammenfassung V
Acknowledgements VII
Contents IX
List of abbreviations XIII
List of tables XVII
1 Scope of this work 1
2 Introduction 2
2.1 Geographical and geological setting of the study area 2
2.2 Hydrological situation 5
2.2.1 Surface water 5
2.2.2 Impact of human activities on surface water quality and distribution 6
2.2.3 Hydrogeology 7
2.3 Arsenic occurrence 7
2.3.1 Arsenic toxicity 8
2.3.2 Risk potential of arsenic in diet 10
2.4 Arsenic contamination in the groundwater resources of the Red River Delta 11
2.4.1 Occurrence and origin of arsenic in the Red River Delta 12
2.4.2 Mobilization processes 13
2.4.3 As mobilization in paddy fields 15
2.5 Arsenic occurrence in daily rural activities 16
2.5.1 Arsenic in soil 17
2.5.2 Arsenic in drinking water 19
2.5.3 Phytoaccumulation: Current state of research 20
2.5.4 Bioavailablity 22
2.5.5 Arsenic uptake in rice plants 23
2.5.6 Arsenic in meat and animal products 26
2.5.7 Arsenic uptake in golden apple snails 27
2.5.8 Processing: Wine and noodles 28
2.5.9 Arsenic concentrations in wastewater, activated sludge and digestate 29
2.6 Iron and manganese in the nutrient chain 30
2.7 Land and water use in the Red River Delta 31
2.7.1 Historical and political aspects of rural development in Vietnam 33
2.7.2 Craft villages in the Red River Delta 34
3 Materials and methods 36
3.1 Soil sample analyses 36
3.2 Well sampling 37
3.3 Wastewater and sludge analyses 37
3.4 Food analyses 38
3.5 Site visit and field observations 39
3.6 Questionnaire 39
4 Results 40
4.1 Soil samples 40
4.1.1 Total arsenic and total heavy metal concentrations 40
4.1.2 Sequential fractionation procedure 41
4.2 Arsenic in the water cycle in Dai Lam 43
4.2.1 Groundwater analyses 43
4.2.2 Water use in Dai Lam 47
4.2.3 Wastewater in Dai Lam 50
4.3 Arsenic in sewage sludge 51
4.4 Arsenic in manure samples 52
4.5 Arsenic in food samples 52
4.5.1 Rice 52
4.5.2 Arsenic in leaf vegetables 53
4.5.3 Arsenic in poultry products 56
4.5.4 Arsenic in pork samples 57
4.5.5 Arsenic in snails 57
4.6 Economic and demographic development potential 58
5 Discussion 61
5.1 Soil samples 61
5.2 Groundwater samples 62
5.2.1 High arsenic concentrations 62
5.2.2 Strong temporal and spatial variation 63
5.2.3 Weak correlation between measured parameters 69
5.3 Wastewater and sewage sludge 70
5.4 Pig manure 71
5.5 Daily exposure to As from dietary intake 71
5.6 Effects of land and water use on water quality and public health 76
5.7 Against the background of the transition economy 77
6 Conclusion 80
7 Perspectives (further work) 85
8 References 86
9 Annex 110
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Fiorucci, Alain. "Parenté, propriété agricole et autorité locale : formes et relations de pouvoir dans un "village littéraire" du delta du nord vietnam : Làng tiến sĩ Mộ Trạch." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10012.
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Le village d'étude, Mộ Trạch, célèbre vieux village littéraire du centre delta du Nord Vietnam, est composé aujourd'hui à plus de 80 % par une population se réclamant conformément au contenu de livres généalogiques en caractères, appartenir au même groupe de parenté : la "lignée des Vũ [patronyme] de Mộ Trạch". Compte tenu des pratiques d'endogamie villageoise séculaires, toujours dominantes, et sachant que l'exogamie et le culte des ancêtres sont des principes fondamentaux des lignages vietnamiens, la problématique double, se pose en ces termes : quelles interprétations apporter à l'absence actuelle de chef cultuel de la "lignée Vũ" et d'autre part aux pratiques matrimoniales endogames, passées et actuelles, courantes au sein de cette "lignée" ? Concentré sur les pratiques matrimoniales et cultuelles liées à la parenté, nous choisissons de traiter notre sujet sous un angle diachronique. Guidé par l'objet, l'identité généalogique ou l'imaginaire de la parenté, nous adoptons une méthodologie compréhensive et téléologique : l'interprétation des représentations formelles et vécues de la parenté, leurs motivations, finalités et leurs modalités opératoires. Sachant par ailleurs que Mộ Trạch se classe, sur l'ensemble de la période couverte par les concours littéraires, première commune du pays, au vu du nombre de ses inscrits lauréats du titre de "docteur" ; sur la base de nos premières conclusions nous tenterons ensuite, après avoir identifié les formes de la propriété agricole et de l'autorité de ce village de lettrés type, de croiser les principaux dépositaires villageois de ces trois espaces du pouvoir local : lignages, propriétaires fonciers et représentants de l'autorité
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Nguyen, Van chat. "Les "homestays" dans le delta du Mékong (Vietnam) : facteurs de réussite et effets de développement humain : cas d'étude île d'An Binh, province de Vinh Long." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0047.
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Le tourisme homestay, est un thème de recherche émergent, en particulier au Vietnam où il est à la mode actuellement, et est, de ce fait, souvent cité par des médias locaux, par des administrations locales ou choisi comme sujet de recherche par les étudiants. Le homestay est aussi un choix d’activité économique pour des jeunes non seulement dans les grandes villes mais aussi en zone rurale, plus particulièrement dans la province de Vinh Long du delta du Mékong, où le homestay est considéré comme un des produits touristiques originaux de la région. Il est notamment reconnu par les autorités de la province de Vinh Long comme un produit touristique essentiel dans le but de faire du tourisme un secteur économique et culturel important à long terme et de contribuer au programme de la nouvelle ruralité (« nông thôn mới »). Au cours des dernières années, certaines études se sont intéressées aux contributions économiques des homestays du delta du Mékong. Nous avons choisi d’étudier le homestay en adoptant une perspective multidimensionnelle. La question capitale pour nous est celle-ci : peut-on considérer le développement des homestays comme un outil de développement humain sous l’angle de l’économie, du social, de la culture et de l’environnement ? Autrement dit, est-ce qu’il permet aux entrepreneurs ou gérants de homestays ainsi qu’aux habitants d’élargir leurs capabilités. De ce point vue, l’approche par les capabilités de l’économiste Amartya Sen (Sen 2000) permet de porter un regard neuf quant aux objectifs et au devenir du homestay.Notre objectif central dans cette thèse est d’examiner les relations entre l’approche par les capabilités et l’entrepreneur homestay et le développement humain dans le contexte rural du Vietnam. Pour mener à bien ce travail, l’approche qualitative a été mobilisée, y compris la recherche bibliographique, l’observation, l’observation participante, les entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 24 acteurs clés (6 autorités locales, 1 responsable d’une compagnie touristique locale, 16 habitants, 1 formateur touristique) et la méthode du récit de vie auprès de 15 entrepreneurs et gérants de homestay. Ces méthodes sont complémentaires même si le récit de vie joue un rôle central.Fort de ce travail, les résultats obtenus montrent que le développement du homestay apporte des effets positifs sur la vie des entrepreneurs, des gérants homestays et leur famille sous le regard du développement humain. Plus spécifiquement, le développement du homestay permet aux entrepreneur, gérants de homestay et leur famille d’avoir plus de moyens afin d’avoir une bonne santé, d’acquérir du savoir et d’avoir accès aux ressources nécessaires pour jouir d’un niveau de vie convenable. La présence des homestay a des effets positifs pour les habitants de cette île en termes d’économie, de social, de culture et d’environnement. Pourtant, le tourisme homestay n’est pas une baguette magique capable d’apporter toutes les solutions, il a aussi des impacts négatifs, notamment socio-culturels.Afin de rendre le développement du tourisme homestay de l’île d’An Binh plus pertinent, notre proposition prioritaire réside en la mise en œuvre de différentes solutions (la diversité des activités touristiques, l’attention à l’authenticité, l’orientation vers les touristes domestiques). Plus important, il est nécessaire de viser à accroître l’agencéité des habitants pour qu’ils puissent élargir leurs opportunités dans différentes dimensions de la vie. Ces solutions supposent une coopération fiable entre habitants, acteurs privés et acteurs publics impliqués dans la sphère d’entrepreneuriat du tourisme homestayHomestay tourism is an emerging research theme, especially in Vietnam, where it is fashionable nowadays, and is therefore often cited by local media, by local governments or as a research topic by students. Homestay is also a choice of economic activity for young people not only in big cities but also in rural areas, especially in Vinh Long province, located in the Mekong Delta, where homestay is considered as one of the most original tourist products. It is recognized by the authorities of Vinh Long province as an essential tourist product aimed at making tourism an important economic and cultural sector in the long term and contributing to the program of new rurality ("nông thôn mới"). In recent years, some studies have focused on the economic contributions of homestay in the Mekong Delta. We decided to conduct a study on homestay from a multi-dimensional perspective. The main research question is, “Is the development of homestay considered as a tool for human development from socio-economic, cultural and environmental perspectives?” In other words, does homestay allow homestay businessmen or homestay managers as well as inhabitants to expand their capabilities? From such points of view, the capability approach of the economist Amartya Sen (Sen 2000) provides a fresh perspective on the goals and future of homestay.The primary objective of this thesis is to examine the relationship between the capability approach, the homestay businessmen, and human development in the rural context of Vietnam. To carry out this research, the qualitative approach was employed, including bibliographic research, observation, participant observation, semi-structured interviews with 24 key participants-cum-stakeholders (six local authorities, one person in charge of local tourist company, 16 local inhabitants, and one tourist trainer), and the life history method with 15 homestay businessmen and homestay managers. These methods are complementary to each other with the life history method playing a pivotal role.The results of this thesis show that the development of homestay brings positive effects on the lives of homestay businessmen, homestay managers and their families in the respect of human development. More specifically, the development of the homestay allows those stakeholders to have more means to gain good health and knowledge, thus having access to important resources to pursue their rising living standards. Homestay has positive effects on the An Binh island’s inhabitants socio-economically, culturally, and environmentally. However, homestay tourism is not a magic wand capable of providing all solutions, which means it also has negative impacts, particularly socio-cultural ones.In order to make the development of homestay tourism more efficient on An Binh Island, the top priority is the implementation of different solutions such as the diversification of tourist activities, attention to authenticity, and orientation towards domestic tourists. More importantly, it is essential to enhance the agency of the inhabitants so that they can expand their opportunities in different dimensions of life. These solutions require effective cooperation between inhabitants, and private and public sectors involved in the sphere of entrepreneurship of homestay tourism
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Hung, Nguyen Nghia [Verfasser], and András [Akademischer Betreuer] Bárdossy. "Sediment dynamics in the floodplain of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam / Nguyen Nghia Hung. Betreuer: András Bárdossy." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021343994/34.
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Ba, Hélène Aminatou. "Contribution of contract farming to sustainable value chain upgrading in the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0025.
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Les mutations et la libéralisation des marchés agricoles et alimentaires mondiaux ont accéléré la formation de relations verticales entre producteurs et firmes agro-industrielles et la diffusion de l’agriculture dite contractuelle dans les secteurs de la production et de la commercialisation des produits agricoles. L'agriculture contractuelle est un accord entre un exploitant agricole et un acheteur (ou entreprise), établi avant la saison de production, pour une quantité et une qualité spécifiques du produit, avec sa datede livraison à un prix parfois préétabli. Le contrat garantit au producteur la vente assurée de sa production et une assistance technique et financière (crédit, technologie,intrants agricoles). L'acheteur quant à lui, a la garantie d'une offre régulière du produit et du contrôle de la qualité.Cette thèse vise à évaluer le rôle de l'agriculture contractuelle dans la durabilité des chaînes de valeur du riz au Vietnam.Dans la sphère sociale de la durabilité, nous avons démontré que les modèles d’agriculture contractuelle privilégient davantage les moyennes ou grandes exploitations agricoles du fait des coûts de transaction accompagnant le contrat et le volume de production désiré. Cela engendre l’exclusion des petits agriculteurs qui ont de faibles capacités de production. Toutefois, la participation à un système d'intégration horizontale permet de lever cette contrainte. Sur le plan économique, les producteurs sous contrat gagnent plus que les producteurs sans contrat (environ 121 USD/hectare). Finalement, sur le plan environnemental, les producteurs sous contrat sont disposés à adopter des pratiques respectueuses de l'environnement. Cependant, les coûts élevés des certifications environnementales découragent les firmes à inclure ces normes environnementales dans les attributs de contratIn recent years, the structure of the Vietnamese rice sector has changed. From a highly fragmented value chain producing rice for low value-added markets, the shift toward more vertically integrated and coordinated value chains through contract farming has begun to emerge. Contract farming is used as a tool to govern more effectively rice quality and penetrate new and lucrative markets for higher quality rice.Many empirical studies have assessed the role of contract farming in developing economies. Contract farming is perceived as an engine for rural development and a golden opportunity for farmers to have direct access to modern markets, agricultural inputs, credit, and technical support. Worldwide, contract farming adoption is promoted as an institutional innovation. In the Vietnamese rice sector, there is a specific legislation to encourage its diffusion such as the Small Farm Large Field program.This thesis aims at assessing the contribution of contract farming to internalize sustainable production standards in rice value chains. The central assumption of this thesis is that some contract attributes may contribute to improving sustainability. A set of attributes of performance declined in sustainable indicators was selected to test our research hypothesis. The attributes of performance stem from the Sustainable Rice Platform’s principles of sustainable rice production and the existing contract attributes in the Mekong River Delta.In the economic dimension of sustainability, we found that participation in contract farming improves the welfare of rice farmers as farmers selling their paddy using a contract gain, on average, $121 per hectare of paddy more compared to farmers producing outside of a contract. The increase in price is mainly a result of an increase in the selling price (price premium).In the social principle of sustainability, we found that participation in contract farming could improve the welfare of small rice farmers through rent and risk-sharing. Export firms share some of its profits with farmers through a price premium. However, due to the large heterogeneity of contract farming models in the Vietnamese rice sector, not all contract models facilitate risk-sharing. In a marketing contract, farmers bear all the production risks whereas in resource contracts some of the production risks may shift to the export firms. Therefore, resource contracts are more likely to improve equity through risk-sharing between farmers and export firms. Moreover, participation in resource contracts is found to improve farmers’ financial inclusion. Export firms are willing to prefinance farmers under contract. However, the opportunity cost of prefinancing may include the loss of farmers’ autonomy. Evidence from our discrete choice experiment reveals a conflicting interest between farmers and export firms regarding the decision rights in a contract. Last but not least, smallest farmers were excluded from contract farming as firms did not always want to support the transaction costs of dealing with numerous individual farmers. However, our findings suggest that the scale-bias could be successfully relaxed through the Small Farm Large Field program.Finally, in the environmental dimension of sustainability, we examined both firms’ and farmers’ prospective responses to the internalization of sustainability through contract farming using an experimental approach. Farmers are found willing to internalize the environmental dimension of sustainability through contract farming in exchange for a price premium. Export firms are found less likely to implement the GlobalG.A.P./VietGAP or the Pesticide free production standards. The cost of such standard implementation and the lack of institutional support are more likely to justify this outcome
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan, Thi Thuy Nguyen, and Le Phuong Nguyen. "The potential of electricity generation from the major agricultural wastes in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33318.
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Agricultural activities produce a large quantity of waste each year in the Mekong Delta. For example, appropriately 26.86 million tons of rice straw, 5.37 million tons of rice husks, 1.33 million tons of bagasse and 0.59 million tons of corn straw were produced in 2016. Despite such a huge quantity of agricultural waste, the waste has been rarely used effectively. Around 54.1 - 98.0% of rice straw is normally burnt on the field; only 20 - 50% of rice husk is used for pellet or energy purposes; a few sugar-cane factories apply bagasse feeding to steam cookers, and a small quantity of corn straw is used as livestock feeding. If this biomass source is used for electricity generation, in theory, for the period of 2006 - 2020, it is estimated that this source can potentially generate 1203 million MWh/year from rice straw, 236 million MWh/year from rice husk, 45 million MWh/year from bagasse, and 40 million MWh/year from corn straw. Electricity generation of biomass source will not only solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by agricultural waste but also meet increasing energy demands for socio-economic development in this region.Hàng năm lượng chất thải phát sinh từ một số loại hình canh tác nông nghiệp chính ở ĐBSCL rất lớn. Chỉ tính riêng năm 2016 ghi nhận thải ra khoảng 26,86 triệu tấn rơm rạ; 5,37 triệu tấn vỏ trấu; 1,33 triệu tấn bã mía và 0,59 triệu tấn thân cây bắp. Lượng chất thải phát sinh lớn nhưng các biện pháp sử dụng những nguồn sinh khối này chưa đa dạng, rơm rạ phần lớn được người dân đốt trực tiếp ngay trên đồng ruộng chiếm 54,1 - 98,0% lượng rơm rạ thải ra; chỉ có khoảng 20 - 50% lượng vỏ trấu được sử dụng; bã mía chỉ được một số nhà máy sử dụng để đốt cho lò hơi; một lượng nhỏ thân cây bắp được người dân sử dụng cho chăn nuôi. Nếu có thể tận dụng các nguồn sinh khối này để sản xuất điện thì tiềm năng lý thuyết ước tính từ năm 2005 đến 2020 của rơm rạ là 1203 triệu MWh/năm; vỏ trấu là 236 triệu MWh/năm; bã mía là 45 triệu MWh/năm; và thân cây bắp là 40 triệu MWh/năm. Sản xuất điện từ các nguồn sinh khối này không chỉ giải quyết lượng phế phẩm nông nghiệp phát sinh, giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường mà còn có thể tạo ra nguồn điện cung cấp cho nhu cầu phát triển của vùng.
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Nguyen, Huu-Chi. "Secteur informel, emploi pour les travailleurs ruraux, et processus d'intégration économique : le cas du Delta du Fleuve Rouge (Vietnam)." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2012_nguyen.pdf.
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Cette thèse a pour but d’examiner les caractéristiques de l’économie informelle (secteur et l’emploi informels) et son rôle dans la création d’emplois et des revenus pour les travailleurs ruraux. L’accent est mis sur le cas du Delta du Fleuve Rouge (DFR), région la plus peuplée du Vietnam, dans le contexte du processus d’intégration économique du pays. A la différence de la plupart des études existantes, nous examinons l'économie informelle non seulement en milieu urbain, mais également en milieu rural, la comparaison entre les deux étant au centre de la thèse. Après une revue de la littérature sur la thématique dans les pays en développement, en transition et au Vietnam, une analyse empirique des caractéristiques et de la dynamique du secteur informel en milieux rural et urbain dans le DFR sous deux angles, macro et micro, est proposée. Au cours de la période d'intégration économique, nous constatons que cette région est marquée par les changements les plus considérables sur le marché du travail, avec une baisse de la part de l'emploi agricole, qui s'accompagne d'une augmentation significative de l'emploi dans les entreprises familiales non agricoles, en particulier dans le secteur informel. L'analyse comparative du secteur informel entre zones rurales et urbaines montre que le secteur informel n'est pas uniquement le phénomène urbain longtemps souligné par les chercheurs. Il est également crucial dans les zones rurales, en particulier dans la région particulière du DFR. Le rôle de l’économie informelle dans la création d’emplois et des revenus pour les travailleurs ruraux est étudié suivant deux axes : d'abord, à travers des analyses visant à mettre en évidence les écarts de gains entre emplois agricoles et informels non agricoles ; ensuite, à travers l'étude des déterminants de l'allocation sectorielle (formelle/informelle) et des revenus des migrants ruraux sur le marché du travail urbain. Ces questions sont traitées en mobilisant différentes bases de données individuelles (notamment des données de panel). Les résultats montrent que les travailleurs ruraux peuvent gagner plus lorsqu'ils s'engagent dans des activités non agricoles au lieu d'exercer seulement dans l’agriculture, mais ce n'est pas toujours vérifié pour tous les types d'emplois non agricoles. Dans de nombreux cas, les emplois non agricoles (tels que les emplois salariés informels et même les emplois salariés formels des quantiles supérieurs de revenus) ne sont pas aussi rémunérateurs que les emplois agricoles équivalents. Les femmes gagnent toujours moins quand elles ont des emplois non agricoles, surtout lorsqu'elles sont informellement employées. Lors de la migration vers les zones urbaines, les travailleurs ruraux s'engagent en priorité dans l'emploi informel. Etre travailleur informel en ville est significativement corrélé à l'intention de rechercher un autre emploi, marque d'une forme d'insatisfaction liée à de type d'emplois. Par ailleurs, les résultats des équations de gain suggèrent un désavantage général aux travailleurs informels sur le marché du travail urbain dans les provinces du DFR, quel que soit leur statut migratoire. Cependant, parmi tous les travailleurs qui émigrent vers les centres urbains, ce sont les travailleurs informels issus des zones rurales qui souffrent des plus mauvaises conditions de travailThis thesis aims to examine the characteristics of the informal economy (informal sector and employment) and its role in creating employment and income for rural workers. It focuses on the case of the Red River Delta (RRD) in the context of economic integration in Vietnam. This is the most populated region with a high pressure on the labour market. Unlike most of the studies reviewed in the literature, we examine the informal sector not only in urban but also rural areas, thus the comparison is central to the thesis. After a review of the literature in developing countries, in transition countries, and in Vietnam, an empirical analysis of the characteristics and the dynamics of the informal sector in rural and urban areas in the RRD in both macro- and micro- perspectives, is performed. In the period of economic integration, we find that this region is marked by considerable structural changes with a significant decline in the share of agricultural employment, in parallel with a sharp increase of the employment in non-farm household businesses, particularly in the informal sector. The comparative analysis of the informal sector between rural and urban areas shows that the informal sector is not only an urban phenomenon as usually stressed in the literature, but is also a crucial component in rural areas, especially in the RRD. The role of the informal economy in creating jobs and income for rural workers is studied in two directions: first, through an analysis aimed at highlighting the earnings differentials between farm and non-farm employment; and second, through the analyses of the determinants of sectoral allocation (formal/informal) and earnings of rural migrants on urban labour markets. To address these issues, we use various individual databases (including panel data). The results show that rural workers can earn more when they engage in non-farm activities instead of working only in agriculture, but it is not always true for all types of non-farm employment. In many cases, non-farm jobs (such as informal wage workers) are not as rewarding as farm jobs. Women benefit less than men when they have non-farm employment, especially when they are informally employed. When migrating to urban areas, rural workers engage prevalently in informal jobs. Being informally employed in the urban labour market is significantly correlated with having the intention of seeking another job, an indicator of job dissatisfaction. Furthermore, the results of earnings gaps suggest that informal workers suffer from a general disadvantage on the urban labour market in the RRD, regardless of their migration status. However, among all workers who migrate to urban centres in this region, the informal workers who come from rural areas are those who face the greatest penalties
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Pham, Long Kim. "GIS-based modelling of agrochemical use, distribution and accumulation in the Lower Mekong Delta, Vietnam : a case study of the risk to aquaculture." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/16466.
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In recent years, the Mekong delta has been strongly developed both for agriculture and aquaculture. However, there is scope for a negative impact of agriculture on aquaculture in term of production and quality of seafood products. Specifically, the large amount of pesticides imported and used in the Mekong delta not only help agriculture purposes but can also easily enter aquatic systems and affect aquaculture. Pesticides can be transported in the environment by chemo-dynamic procedures and hydrological processes. As a result, pesticides used in agriculture become dispersed and their residues in sediment, water and biota have been detected in the Mekong delta. This study investigated the overall pesticide process including pesticide use, modelling pesticide accumulation and evaluating the potential impact on aquaculture sites for some target aquatic species. The risk of pesticides use in the Mekong delta was addressed in three stages: (1) investigating current pesticide use status in the Mekong delta; (2) modelling pesticide loss and accumulation; (3) classifying pesticide risk areas for aquaculture of target cultured species. A survey of 334 farms covering a total area of ~20,000km2 in the Mekong delta took place between 2008 and 2009. Information on pesticide types and quantities was recorded using questionnaires, and it was found that 96 pesticides in 23 groups were popularly used for agricultural purposes. Dicarboximide, Carbamate and Conazole had the highest use at ~3000, ~2000 and ~2000 g/ha/year respectively. The survey revealed an increase in pesticide use per hectare since previous surveys in the Mekong delta in 1994, 2000, and 2004. However, the highly persistent compounds (WHO classification classes II, III and IV) appeared to have reduced in use. Insecticides previously represented >50% of the total pesticides used, however, the resent survey has shown their use has decreased to ~38%.There was a parallel increase in use of fungicides from previous levels of <30% of total pesticides to more recently ~41%. The combination of pesticide information and geo-location data enabled display and analysis of this data spatially using a Geographic Information System (GIS). A pesticide loss and accumulation model was established through combination of several sub-models including sediment loss and accumulation, direct loss, and water runoff, all of which were implemented and integrated within the GIS environment. MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) was used to estimate sediment loss and accumulation in the Mekong delta and the Curve Number method (CN Method) was applied to predict water runoff and discharges and flow accumulation. Modelling commenced from the first pesticide application in April, based on 4 day time-steps. All mathematical calculations run within each time step automatically reiterated in the following time step with the new input datasets. The results from fuzzy classification of the pesticide model outcomes were considered in terms of the 96hr lethal concentration (LC50) in order to classify the risk and non-risk areas for catfish and tiger shrimp culture. The sediment loss and accumulation model shows that the highest loss of sediment was in the rainy season, especially in May to October. Vegetables and short term crop areas were found be most strongly eroded. The MUSLE model showed that the highest sediment accumulation was in the hilly areas (~1066.42 tonne/ha/year); lower in riverside areas (~230.39 tonne/ha/year) and lowest in flooded paddy areas (~150.15tonne/ha/year). Abamectin was used as an example throughout this study to estimate pesticide loss and its effects on aquaculture. The results showed that pesticide loss by runoff and sediment loss is less than the loss by half-life degradation (for Abamectin specifically). Accumulation of Abamectin occurred at highest rate in May and October and decreased with time. The spatial models showed that pesticide residues concentrated in the river and riverside areas. In order to evaluate the acute toxicity impacts, three levels of water depth in ponds were modelled as culture depths for catfish and tiger shrimp. The results show that the highest risk areas for catfish occurred in May and October with ~333,000 and ~420,000 ha at a pond depth of 0.5 m; ~136,000 and ~183,000 ha at a pond depth of 1.0 m; and ~10,840 and ~19,000 ha at a pond depth of 1.5 m. Risk areas for catfish mainly concentrated at the riverside and in part of the coastal areas. For tiger shrimp, the risk periods during the year were similar to those found for catfish. The highest risk areas for shrimp were ~648,000 and ~771,000 ha at 0.5 m pond depth; ~346,000 and ~446,700 ha at 1.0 m pond depth; and ~185,000 and ~250,000 ha at 1.5 m pond depth. Overall, deeper ponds reduced the risk. This study has developed a method to evaluate the negative impact of input pesticides to the environment from agricultural use related to fluctuation of aquaculture risk areas. The research indicates the potential relationship between pesticide input and the risk areas for aquaculture. The model has several significant uses: 1) it can provide information to policy makers for a more harmonized development of both aquaculture and agriculture in the Mekong delta in the future, 2) it provides data for aquaculture investment analysis to decrease the hazards caused by pesticide impacts, and 3) it provides a model capable of application to wide field scenarios and suitable for any pesticide type.
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Tran, Thai Binh [Verfasser]. "THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED SEARCH FOR WATER-RELATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM / Thai Binh Tran." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049984625/34.
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Tran, Thanh Be, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Sustainability of rice-shrimp farming system in a brackish water area in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam." THESIS_FAH_ARD_Tran_T.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/421.
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The Mekong Delta, which is considered as the main 'rice bowl and fish basket', is one of seven distinct agro-ecological regions of Vietnam and plays an important role in the economy of the country. Several rice-based farming systems have been developed in various areas of the MD. Rice-shrimp integrated system in brackish areas is a special farming system developed in this delta. It is a profitable system and seems to be environmentally safe on the one hand without the use of pesticides. On the other hand, use of brackish water in this system may result in degradation of land, as some previous studies have found. To understand how this farming system works and to identify the external and internal factors influencing its sustainability, the project 'Sustainability of rice-shrimp farming system in a brackish area in the Mekong delta of Vietnam' was carried out in 1992-1993 by an interdisciplinary team of researchers from the University of Cantho and staff of local district Agricultural Office, representing different fields of sciences. The research methodology was the Farming Systems Research approach with modifications towards soft systems thinking, involving farmers into the research process. One main result of this study is an insight into the rice-shrimp farming system. It includes various physical, biological, technological, economical and sociological aspects of rice production prior to integration and in integrated farm, naturally supplied shrimp growing and giant shrimp rearing, upland crop production as well as off-farm and non-farm work of farm households. Sustainability of the system studied is assessed, in comparison with rice monoculture, through various criteria of the three view points productivity, environmental safety and socio-economic effectiveness. In terms of such points of view, rice-shrimp farming system is rated higher than rice monoculture system. Thus the integrated system so far is considered to be more sustainable than the others.Master of Science (Hons)
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Vu, Ngoc Ut. "Assessment of the feasibility of stock enhancement of mud crabs, Scylla paramamosain, in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273571.
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Bourdeaux, Pascal. "Emergence et constitution de la communauté du Bouddhisme Hoa Hao : contribution à l'histoire sociale du delta du Mékong (1935-1955)." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4031.
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Le Bouddhisme Hoa Hao apparaît dans l'Ouest du delta du Mékong en 1939. Huynh Phu So, fondateur charismatique, réactive une forme de messianisme et unifie un faisceau de croyances en pleine période de rénovation du bouddhisme. La ferveur religieuse exprime rapidement la volonté d'intégration sociale et culturelle de la population locale à l'espace vietnamien. Mais la décolonisation conflictuelle oriente cette communauté en devenir dans ses activités spirituelles et dans des formes d'organisation militaire, politique, socio-économique. Se plaçant avant tout dans le champ d'une histoire sociale, l'étude analyse la constitution d'un groupe humain identifiable dans un cadre géo-historique délimité. Elle s'intéresse aux fondements culturels du culte, aux modalités de son développement, aux aspirations et conditions de vie des fidèles puis opère une distinction entre communautarisme et communauté Hoa Hao qui exprime intrinsèquement l'adhésion volontaire et débonnaire à ce culte bouddhiqueHoa Hao Buddhism first appeared in 1939 in the western part of the Mekong Delta. Benefiting from a wider Buddhist renovation, the founder Huynh Phu So revived a type of Buddhist messianism and unified a bundle of pre-existing beliefs. The religious outpouring rapidly became an indicator of cohesion, an expression of a need for social and cultural integration for the local population. The conflicting process of decolonisation influenced the spiritual activities of this emerging community, as well as its military, political and socio-economic organisations. This study of social history analyses the constitution of an identifiable human grouping within the limits of its geo-historical context, the underlying cultural principles of the cult, the forms of its development, the aspirations and the lives of the believers. It examines also the distinction between a type of communautarism and the Hoa Hao community which expresses a voluntary and good-natured belonging to this buddhist cult
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Nguyen, Huu Duy. "L’agriculture et les risques hydrologiques en zone deltaïque tropicale : Evolution et aménagement d’un milieu fragile, le bassin du fleuve Gianh (Vietnam central)." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE1162/document.
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Les enjeux alimentaires liés aux mutations de l’aménagement du territoire sont une question d’actualité, mais aussi source de polémique. C’est notamment le cas du bassin versant du fleuve Gianh, situé dans la Région Centre au Vietnam. En effet, depuis 1986, ce delta de zone littorale connait des mutations. La riziculture, qui emploie une grande partie de la population, constitue une soupape de sécurité contre la pénurie alimentaire. Cette région connait une croissance démographique, urbaine et économique rapides. Cela entraîne une augmentation de la demande alimentaire, alors que les zones agricoles ont tendance à disparaître. Une autre conséquence de ce changement est l’accentuation des conséquences des typhons avec la conjonction entre tempêtes, marées et crues du fleuve. Le risque s’accroît à cause de la concentration démographique dans des zones fragiles, et de la bétonisation liée à l’extension de la ville. Un problème d’insécurité alimentaire est susceptible d’apparaître dans le bassin si des densités trop fortes sont combinées avec la réduction des surfaces rizicoles et le risque. C’est pourquoi des solutions sur la gestion, la prévention et protection de l’inondation sont proposés afin d’aider les aménageurs au Vietnam pour la réduction les risquesFood shortage related to the changes in land which is used for planning are a current issue, but also a source of controversy. This, particularly, is the case of the Gianh River watershed, located in the Central Region of Vietnam. Indeed, since 1986, this delta of littoral zone has been known for mutations. Rice farming helps to bring job to a large number of the population, is a safety valve against the food shortage because the more farmers, the more food would be produced.This region, on the other hand, is experiencing rapid demographic, urban and economic growth, as a result, it leads to an increase in the demand for food while the agricultural areas tend to be reduced and disappeared. Another effect of this change is the accentuation of the consequences of typhoons with the conjunction of storms, tides and floods of the river. The risk increases because of the demographic concentration in fragile areas, and the concreteization linked to the extension of the city. A problem of food insecurity is likely to appear in the basin if too high densities are combined with the reduction of farming areas and risks. That's why flood management, prevention and protection solutions are proposed to help developers in Vietnam to reduce mentioned risks
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Nguyen, Thai Hoa [Verfasser]. "Monitoring of Endocrine Disruptors in Surface Waters of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam / Hoa Nguyen Thai. Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101791477X/34.
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van, Quang Pham. "Soil formation and soil moisture dynamics in agriculture fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam conceptual and numerical models." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10508.
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Previous studies of agricultural conditions in the Mekong Delta (MD) have identified soil compaction as an obstacle to sustainable production. A conceptual model for soil formation was presented to demonstrate the link between soil hydrology and plant response. Detailed studies of soil moisture dynamics in agricultural fields were conducted using a dynamic process-orientated model. Pressure head and water flow were simulated for three selected sites during a year for which empirical data were available. Daily meteorological data were used as dynamic input and measured pressure head was used to estimate parameter values that satisfied various acceptance criteria. The Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approach was applied for calibration procedures with 10,000 runs, each run using random values within the chosen range of parameter values. To evaluate model performance and uncertainty estimation, re-sampling was carried out using coefficient of determination (R2) and mean error (ME) as the criteria. Correlations between parameters and R2 (and ME) and among parameters were also considered to analyse the relationship of the selected parameter set in response to increases/decreases in the acceptable simulations. The method was successful for two of the three sites, with many accepted simulations. For these sites, the uncertainty was reduced and it was possible to quantify the importance of the different parameters.
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Nguyen, Thi Kim Dong. "Evaluation of agro-Industrial by-products as protein sources for duck production in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam /." SLU, Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200581.pdf.
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Fricke. "Promotion of Biogas Plant Application in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam / Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen ; Betreuer: Klaus Fricke." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1175823910/34.
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Nguyen, Thi Xuan Thu [Verfasser]. "Industrial changes and multinational enterprises in Vietnam : the case of the Red River Delta / Thi Xuan Thu Nguyen." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1153076748/34.
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