Academic literature on the topic 'Delta infection Victoria Prevention'

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Journal articles on the topic "Delta infection Victoria Prevention"

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Taylor, John M. "Infection by Hepatitis Delta Virus." Viruses 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060648.

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Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are blood-borne viruses that infect human hepatocytes and cause significant liver disease. Infections with HBV are more damaging when there is a coinfection with HDV. The genomes and modes of replication of these two viruses are fundamentally different, except for the fact that, in nature, HDV replication is dependent upon the envelope proteins of HBV to achieve assembly and release of infectious virus particles, ones that use the same host cell receptor. This review focuses on what has been found of the various ways, natural and experimental, by which HDV particles can be assembled and released. This knowledge has implications for the prevention and treatment of HDV infections, and maybe for an understanding of the origin of HDV.
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Asanbekov, Zhanybek Asanbekovich. "Situation with and prevention of the coronavirus infection in Bishkek." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2201-07.

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The article analyzes the situation with the coronavirus infection in the city of Bishkek of the Kyrgyz Republic. At the end of December 2019, in the Chinese city of Wuhan (Hubei province), for the first time, people encountered an unknown virus. Since that time, an unknown virus has swept the whole world. Later, the virus was named COVID-19, and it was rapidly becoming dangerous, which is why new shocking diseases associated with high mortality appear around the world. In addition, various measures were introduced to preserve the life of humankind. Despite this, the situation is periodically aggravated, as in case of the Indian strain Delta. According to the researchers, Delta turned out to be the most infectious of all currently known COVID-19 viruses. Bishkek also suffers from the coronavirus infection, the situation is monitored, and additional preventive measures are regularly introduced to save the citizens’ lives. Recently, vaccination against the coronavirus has been actively carried out.
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NAEEM, MUHAMMAD, AMEER AHMAD, IMRAN QAISAR, and Fiaz Ahmad. "STATUS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 03 (September 10, 2011): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.03.2364.

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Objective: To know the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children admitted in Pediatric ward of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Pediatric unit-1 Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur over a period of 2 months and 15 days. Material and methods: This study was conducted over 500 children admitted in children ward-1 of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Children of 1-15 years of age were included in the study. The blood samples of these children were taken at the time of admission and serum was tested for HCV with ICT method and later on confirmed by ELISA. Children having HCV infection were tested for SGPT level. Different risk factors for transmission of HCV infection were also studied. Results: Out of 500 children 43 were HCV positive by ICT method. Out of these 43 ICT positive children 38 were confirmed by ELISA. In this way 7.6% children were found positive for HCV. In 23 cases (60.5%) SGPT was raised (>40). Statistically significant risk factors for transmission of HCV infection found in this study were past history of blood transfusion and history of injections in past. Conclusions: HCV infection is quite common in children. Safe blood transfusions and use of disposable and sterilized syringes is important for prevention of this infection.
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Pormohammad, Ali, Mohammad Zarei, Saied Ghorbani, Mehdi Mohammadi, Saeideh Aghayari Sheikh Neshin, Alireza Khatami, Diana L. Turner, et al. "Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Delta (B.1.617.2) Variant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies." Vaccines 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010023.

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The high transmissibility, mortality, and morbidity rate of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant have raised concerns regarding vaccine effectiveness (VE). To address this issue, all publications relevant to the effectiveness of vaccines against the Delta variant were searched in the Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Medline (via PubMed) databases up to 15 October 2021. A total of 15 studies (36 datasets) were included in the meta-analysis. After the first dose, the VE against the Delta variant for each vaccine was 0.567 (95% CI 0.520–0.613) for Pfizer-BioNTech, 0.72 (95% CI 0.589–0.822) for Moderna, 0.44 (95% CI 0.301–0.588) for AstraZeneca, and 0.138 (95% CI 0.076–0.237) for CoronaVac. Meta-analysis of 2,375,957 vaccinated cases showed that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had the highest VE against the infection after the second dose, at 0.837 (95% CI 0.672–0.928), and third dose, at 0.972 (95% CI 0.96–0.978), as well as the highest VE for the prevention of severe infection or death, at 0.985 (95% CI 0.95–0.99), amongst all COVID-19 vaccines. The short-term effectiveness of vaccines, especially mRNA-based vaccines, for the prevention of the Delta variant infection, hospitalization, severe infection, and death is supported by this study. Limitations include a lack of long-term efficacy data, and under-reporting of COVID-19 infection cases in observational studies, which has the potential to falsely skew VE rates. Overall, this study supports the decisions by public health decision makers to promote the population vaccination rate to control the Delta variant infection and the emergence of further variants.
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Polish, L. B., M. Gallagher, H. A. Fields, and S. C. Hadler. "Delta hepatitis: molecular biology and clinical and epidemiological features." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 6, no. 3 (July 1993): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.6.3.211.

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Hepatitis delta virus, discovered in 1977, requires the help of hepatitis B virus to replicate in hepatocytes and is an important cause of acute, fulminant, and chronic liver disease in many regions of the world. Because of the helper function of hepatitis delta virus, infection with it occurs either as a coinfection with hepatitis B or as a superinfection of a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen. Although the mechanisms of transmission are similar to those of hepatitis B virus, the patterns of transmission of delta virus vary widely around the world. In regions of the world in which hepatitis delta virus infection is not endemic, the disease is confined to groups at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection and high-risk hepatitis B carriers. Because of the propensity of this viral infection to cause fulminant as well as chronic liver disease, continued incursion of hepatitis delta virus into areas of the world where persistent hepatitis B infection is endemic will have serious implications. Prevention depends on the widespread use of hepatitis B vaccine. This review focuses on the molecular biology and the clinical and epidemiologic features of this important viral infection.
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Bennett, N. J., J. M. Bradford, A. L. Bull, and L. J. Worth. "Infection prevention quality indicators in aged care: ready for a national approach." Australian Health Review 43, no. 4 (2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah18052.

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Accreditation standards for Australian aged care homes include the requirement for programs to ensure infections are controlled. Effective infection prevention programs are supported by surveillance data providing the impetus for quality improvement and facilitating evaluation of interventions at the facility level. In 2016, infection control professionals employed in Victorian public-sector residential aged care services were surveyed to examine the nature and resourcing of local infection prevention programs and monitoring activities. Overall, 164 services participated (90% response rate). A high proportion (84%) reported executive support for infection surveillance, with mean allocation of 12h per fortnight per facility for infection prevention activities. Current surveillance activities included monitoring of infections and antimicrobial use (90%), influenza vaccination compliance for staff (96%) and residents (76%) and monitoring of infection due to significant organisms (84%). A successful statewide program including eight quality indicators has subsequently been implemented in Victoria. We suggest that a national focus could strengthen this framework, ensuring a uniform strategy with enhanced benchmarking capacity. Stakeholder engagement and refinement of appropriate indicators for monitoring quality improvement in public, not-for-profit and private sectors within aged care is required.
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Pinho, João Renato Rebello, Fernanda de Mello Malta, and Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa. "Hepatitis B, C, and Delta—Updates in Screening and Infection Prevention Opportunities for Eradication." Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases 9, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40506-017-0105-0.

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Loconsole, Daniela, Francesca Centrone, Caterina Morcavallo, Silvia Campanella, Marisa Accogli, Anna Sallustio, Davide Peccarisi, Angela Stufano, Piero Lovreglio, and Maria Chironna. "Changing Features of COVID-19: Characteristics of Infections with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) and Alpha (B.1.1.7) Variants in Southern Italy." Vaccines 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111354.

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Differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients infected with the Alpha and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in a large region of Southern Italy were assessed. Two cohorts of positive patients were compared. The Alpha group consisted of 11,135 subjects diagnosed between 21 March and 21 April 2021, and the Delta group consisted of 499 positive subjects diagnosed between 21 July and 21 August 2021. A descriptive and statistical analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups was performed. The proportion of patients with mild and moderate infections was significantly higher in the Delta than in the Alpha group (p < 0.001). In fully vaccinated patients, the proportion of symptomatic individuals was significantly higher in the Delta than in the Alpha group. The Delta group showed odds ratios of 3.08 (95% CI, 2.55–3.72) for symptomatic infection and 2.66 (95% CI, 1.76–3.94) for hospitalization. Improving COVID-19 vaccination rates is a priority, since infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has a significant impact on patient outcomes. Additional targeted prevention strategies such as social distancing, the use of masks in indoor settings irrespective of vaccination status, and the use of a sanitary passport could be crucial to contain further spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Błaszczuk, Agata, Aleksander Michalski, Dominika Sikora, Maria Malm, Bartłomiej Drop, and Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz. "Antibody Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection with the Delta and Omicron Variant." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2022): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101728.

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. So far, 6,120,834 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 116,773 deaths have been reported in Poland. According to WHO, a total of 54,662,485 vaccine doses have been administered. New variants emerge that become dominant. The aim of this study was a comparison of antibody level after infection caused by Delta and Omicron variants. The study included 203 persons who underwent mild COVID-19 despite two doses of vaccine. The obtained results indicate that a significantly lower titer was observed in patients with the Omicron variant infection. Therefore, these patients may be at risk of reinfection with new strains of the Omicron variant. Due to the possibility of reinfection, booster vaccinations are necessary. Further epidemiological and clinical studies are necessary to develop new prevention strategies.
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Barger, Alexandra C., William S. Pearson, Christofer Rodriguez, David Crumly, Georgia Mueller-Luckey, and Wiley D. Jenkins. "Sexually transmitted infections in the Delta Regional Authority: significant disparities in the 252 counties of the eight-state Delta Region Authority." Sexually Transmitted Infections 94, no. 8 (August 27, 2018): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053556.

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ObjectiveChlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis (primary and secondary) are at high levels in the USA. Disparities by race, gender and sexual orientation have been characterised, but while there are indications that rural poor populations may also be at distinct risk this has been subjected to little study by comparison. The federally designated Delta Regional Authority, similar in structure to the Appalachian Regional Commission, oversees 252 counties within eight Mississippi Delta states experiencing chronic economic and health disparities. Our objective was to identify differences in infection risk between Delta Region (DR)/non-DR counties and examine how they might vary by rurality, population density, primary care access and education attainment.MethodsReported chlamydia/gonorrhoea/syphilis data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlasPlus, county demographic data from the Area Health Resource File and rurality classifications from the Department of Agriculture. Data were subjected to analysis by t-test, χ2 and linear regression to assess geographical disparities in incidence and their association with measures of rurality, population and primary care density, and education.ResultsOverall rates for each infection were significantly higher in DR versus non-DR counties (577.8 vs 330.1/100 000 for chlamydia; 142.8 vs 61.8 for gonorrhoea; 3.6 vs 1.7 for syphilis; all P<0.001) and for nearly every infection for every individual state. DR rates for each infection were near-universally significantly increased for every level of rurality (nine levels) and population density (quintiles). Regression found that primary care and population density and HS graduation rates were significantly associated with each, though model predictive abilities were poor.ConclusionsThe nearly 10 million people living in the DR face significant disparities in the incidence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis—in many instances a near-doubling of risk. Our findings suggest that resource-constrained areas, as measured by rurality, should be considered a priority for future intervention efforts.
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Book chapters on the topic "Delta infection Victoria Prevention"

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Siddoo-Atwal, Chanda. "COVID-19 Prevention through Vitamin C, D, and Zinc Supplementation: A Small Clinical Study in Two Parts." In RNA Viruses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103963.

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At the time of this study India had the third highest COVID-19 infection rate in the world after the US and Brazil, but that statistic was in flux due to rapidly changing variables and, therefore, it seemed an appropriate setting for a supplementation study. Following a successful first trial of vitamin C, D and zinc supplementation in 2020 with the staff at a small medical clinic in India, a second opportunity arose to continue the trial from January-March 22nd due to an urban coronavirus outbreak during the beginning of March 2021. It resulted in nearly a doubling of COVID-19 cases within the country in two weeks (March 8th - March 22nd) possibly due to the new, highly infectious, Indian Delta variant with multiple mutations and/or other international variants like the UK Alpha variant that were also present in the population by this time. As a result, a nighttime curfew and other restrictions were imposed for the whole month. An outbreak also occurred locally in a nearby city where the incidence of coronavirus cases increased and this happened prior to vaccination of the medical staff as part of the country’s universal inoculation campaign for healthcare workers, which began in January 2021 (one clinic clerk who travelled to the district civil hospital to receive the vaccine during the course of this second study was disqualified; all other clinic staff were inoculated after March 22nd). Although the clinic had closed during the first lockdown between March and mid-June 2020, it remained open to the public for this second wave in March 2021. During this period, the medical & non-medical staff continued following the same supplementation regimen as they had in July-December 2020 for Part I of this trial with positive results. Once again, in Part II of the trial, there were no COVID-19 cases recorded among any of the staff members at the clinic, which is situated in a rural community. It was concluded that targeted vitamin/mineral supplementation may be a useful addition to the anti-COVID-19 arsenal for health professionals at higher than average risk of infection.
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Khalid Ijaz, M., Raymond W. Nims, Todd A. Cutts, Julie McKinney, and Charles P. Gerba. "Predicted and Measured Virucidal Efficacies of Microbicides for Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses Associated with WHO Priority Diseases." In Disinfection of Viruses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102365.

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The World Health Organization has updated its list of priority diseases for 2021 to currently include the following: Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease (Filoviridae), Nipah and henipaviral diseases (Paramyxoviridae), Lassa fever (Arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (Bunyaviridae), Zika (Flaviviridae), COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) including Delta, Omicron, and other variants of concern, Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome (Coronaviridae), and the always present “disease X,” which is a term used for the next emerging pathogen of concern that is not known about today. In this chapter, we review the virucidal efficacy data for microbicides (disinfectants and antiseptics, also known as surface and hand hygiene agents or collectively hygiene agents) for the viruses associated with these diseases. As these diseases are each caused by lipid-enveloped viruses, the susceptibilities of the viruses to virucidal agents are informed by the known hierarchy of susceptibility of pathogens to microbicides. The unique susceptibility of lipid-enveloped viruses to most classes of microbicides is based on the common mechanism of action of envelope-disrupting microbicides. Empirical data supporting this principle and the mitigational role of targeted hygiene in infection prevention and control (IPAC) discussed are presented.
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